1. Effect of rare earth (Er, Gd, Eu, Nd and La) and bismuth additives on the mechanical and piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate ceramics
- Author
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Ajai Garg and D. C. Agrawal
- Subjects
Ionic radius ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Pyrochlore ,Analytical chemistry ,Mineralogy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Dielectric ,engineering.material ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Lead zirconate titanate ,Piezoelectricity ,Bismuth ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Phase (matter) ,visual_art ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,Ceramic - Abstract
Mechanical, piezoelectric and dielectric properties of PZT ceramics (Pb 0.98 M 0.02 [(Zr 0.535 Ti 0.465 ) 0.995 ]O 3 , M=Er, Gd, Eu, Nd, La and Bi) have been studied. The fraction of A sites occupied by the different additives is estimated and is found to increase with the ionic radius of the additive ion. The density is high in Bi-, Gd- and Eu-PZT samples. Small amounts of the pyrochlore phase are present in Gd- and Eu-PZT. A maximum strength of 80–100 MPa and K IC of ∼1.5 MPa m 1/2 are obtained in Gd- and Eu-PZT. The R -curve behavior becomes more pronounced in Gd- and Eu-PZT, and it is observed that the strength and K IC increase with the slope of the K IC versus c 1/2 plot. Very good piezoelectric properties, i.e. d 33 of 410 PCN −1 , dielectric constant of 1005, κ p of 0.49 and the hydrophone figure of merit, d h g h , of 2760 are obtained for Nd-PZT. The piezoelectric properties in Bi-PZT are also higher than for the undoped composition, while for the Gd-PZT, these are slightly inferior. For all other compositions, the piezoelectric properties are not affected much.
- Published
- 2001