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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and phytochemical constituents of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods: In GC-MS investigation, 95% methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel was performed on JEOL GC MATE ΙΙ, column HP 5 MS, and Quadruple, double-focusing mass analyzer. Determination of heavy metals from C. bonducella powder was performed using Thermo scientific I CAP Q instrument, for plant powder digestion Anton Paar Microwave model: Multiwave 300 was used. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using microdilutions broth method. Results: GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel has shown 11 different phytoconstituents. ICP-MS analysis has shown the concentration of ten heavy metals in C. bonducella seed kernel as follows: Cr 1.5 ppm, Fe 72.72 ppm, Co 0.33 ppm, Ni 0.03 ppm, Cu 10.73 ppm, Zn 18.44 ppm, As 0.03 ppm, Cd 0.02 ppm, and Pb 0.58 ppm. Conclusion: Result showed that the plant is safe to use from toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, and Pb. It is suitable to check frequently the heavy metal content in the plant used in traditional medicines before given to patients.

(Z)-N&prime, (4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (HL) and its Ni(II) complex (Ni(II)-2L) were synthesized using eco-friendly protocols. The single X-ray crystal structure of Ni(II)-2L was solved. Moreover, the structural properties were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass, and Ultraviolet/Visible spectroscopy. The diamagnetic and thermal stability were assessed using magnetic susceptibility and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The biological activities of both HL and Ni(II)-2L (62.5&ndash, 1000 &mu, g/mL) against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial and fungal (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus) species were studied using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests method in reference to Gentamycin and Nystatin standard drugs, respectively. The results revealed an affordable, environmentally friendly, and efficient synthetic method of HL using water as a green solvent. The Ni(II)-2L complex crystallized in a distorted square planar, P21/n space group, and one Ni(II) to two bidentate negatively charged ligand ratio. The analysis of biological activity revealed higher activity of the complex against S. aureus and S. pyogenes (bacteria) and A. niger and A. clavatus (fungi) compared to the ligand. However, the highest activity was at a MIC of 62.5 &mu, g/mL for the complex against S. pyogenes and for the ligand against E. coli. Therefore, both HL and Ni(II)-2L could be promising potential antimicrobials and their selective activity could be an additional benefit of these bioactive materials.

Objective: To investigate the effect of temperature and pressure on supercritical CO2 extraction of Triognella foenum graecum Linn seeds, to determine the optimal condition which leads to highest percentage of the accumulative yield and revealing the chemical composition of supercritical CO2 extract. Methods: Temperatures in the range of 40â60 °C and pressures in the range of 10â25 MPa were used. FTIR and GCâMS analysis were used to detect the bioactive compounds present in the extract. The broth dilution method and slope method were used to evaluate the anti-microbial and anti-tuberculosis activities and the in vitro anti-malarial assay was carried out according to the micro assay protocol of Rieckmann and his co-workers. Results: The temperature was more affected than the pressure on the extraction performance and the highest yield of the extract (3.111%) was attained at 60 °C and 10 MPa. FTIR and GCâMS showed that the chemical composition of the extract included conjugated linoleic acid methyl ester as the major active principle (with concentration of 72.28%), followed by saturated fatty acid methyl esters (16.03%), steroids (8.09%) and organic siloxane compound (3.61%). The extract showed moderate anti-bacterial activity with MIC values 100, 250, 125 μg/mL towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenus respectively. It exhibited high inhibition effect towards the fungi Candida albican with MFC value (250 μg/mL). The extract had low anti-tuberculosis activity with MIC value (100 μg/mL) and comparable MIC value (0.29 μg/mL) towards Plasmodium flaciparum. Conclusions: Supercritical CO2 extraction as alternate and green technology is performed successfully to extract the bioactive compounds from the seeds of T. foenum graecum Linn and it is concluded that this extract can be used as an alternate source of synthetic anti-biotic drugs. Keywords: Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal, Anti-malarial, Anti-tuberculosis, ScâCO2 extraction, Triognella foenum graecum Linn