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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of acrylamide on Capoeta capoeta (Guldensttead 1773) by histopathological, electrophoretic and biochemical methods. Capoeta capoeta caught from Kars stream were used in the study. The fish were divided into 5 groups, each containing 10 pieces, and placed in 300 liter tanks with tap water. Group 1 was kept as a negative control. 20 mg / kg cyclophosphamide given to group 2 (i.p. positive control group), 10 mg / L acrylamide given to group 3, 20 mg / L acrylamide given to group 4 and 30 mg / L acrylamide given to group 5. After all groups were kept in tanks for 4 days, blood and tissue samples taken from fish were investigated by histopathological, electrophoretic and biochemical methods. As a result of the analyzes serum AST and ALT levels were decreased in the other groups compared to the negative control group and serum TAS levels were significantly increased in the 30 mg / L acrylamide group compared to the negative control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the negative control group, TOS levels were increased in all groups. When the electropherogram obtained from SDS-PAGE was examined, it was determined increases and decreases at 21 kD, 27 kD, 36 kD, 42 kD, 48 kD, 54 kD protein expressions in groups with different concentrations compared to the negative control group. It was observed that protein expressions were inhibited especially in the group treated with 20 mg / L acrylamide. As a result of histopathological examinations; increased degenerations were detected in the gill and liver tissues of fish due to the concentration of acrylamide. As a result; acrylamide treatment caused toxic effects on C. capoeta after this varying time intervals and concentrations.

Kizilirmak River has been used as Ankara’s drinking water source for approximately 1.5 years. Therefore, this region’s water, sediment, and fish samples are measured for detecting the heavy metals. This is important for the current situation as well as the future in terms of potential impact. The amount of heavy metals in drinking water should be within the limited values; otherwise, the accumulation of heavy metals will cause many problems to living organisms. Especially high levels of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, etc. are very dangerous to freshwater ecosystems as for human if the water is being use as drinking water. In this study, water, sediment samples, muscle, and gills of three fish species (Capoeta tinca, Capoeta capoeta, Leuciscus cephalus) were analyzed for the presence of heavy metals such as (Al, Fe, As, Cd, Ni, Mn, Se, Si) to determine present accumulation levels and possible toxic effect. The accumulation pattern of heavy metals in the water, sediment, and fish tissue follows the sequence: Si > Fe > Al > Mn > As > Ni > Se > Cd, Fe > Al > Mn > Ni > As > Se > Cd, and Fe > Al > Mn > As > Ni > Si > Cd. In addition, the detected concentrations of heavy metals in the Kizilirmak and Delice Rivers are compared with other heavy metal studies in the other main rivers and lakes in Turkey.

Total mercury concentrations were determined in muscle tissue of Khramulia (Capoeta capoeta) captured in the Cheshme Kile and Zarrin Gol Rivers, Iran. In Cheshme Kile River, 49 fish samples were collected. The mean total mercury concentration in the muscles of C. capoeta from this area was 249 ng g(-1) dw. In Zarrin Gol River, where 62 fish samples were collected, the total mercury in muscles averaged 164 ng g(-1) dw. A significant difference was found between means of mercury in the rivers (p0.001). All samples from the two rivers had mean mercury concentrations below the maximum allowable limits for mercury set by the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization, Standardization Administration of China and Environmental Protection Agency. The results of this study indicate that the values of hazard target quotient and estimated weekly intake are low and represent a negligible risk for human health.

This study had been carried out between October 1992 and February 1994 in Koycegiz Lagoon System (KLS) which is aspecially protected area (SPA). Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OC) in Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) and infish (Capoeta capoeta, Oreochromis mossambica, Lizaramada, Chelon labrosus and Anguilla anguilla) from KLSwere analysed by gas chromatography. Residues of 5 OC pesticides(α-HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane); 0.48 μg kg-1,β-HCH; 0.58 μg kg-1, γ-HCH; 2.60 μg kg-1, aldrin; 0.42 μg kg-1, and endrin; 1.80 μg kg-1) were foundin crab samples, while 7 OC (Total DDT, dieldrin, α-HCH,β-HCH, γ-HCH, aldrin and endrin) were observed infish samples. One of them, α-HCH was found in all fishspecies' muscle tissues. The average of results were 6.75 μg kg-1 for C. capoeta; 35.90 μg kg-1 for O. mossambica; 26.30 μg kg-1 for L. ramada; 5.33 μg kg-1 for μg kg-1 for C. labrosus; 5.00 μg kg-1 for A. anguilla.

Aksoy, Abdurrahman/0000-0001-9486-312X; Atmaca, Enes/0000-0002-8978-3755 WOS: 000291356800014 PubMed: 21516453 Forty-seven fish (24 endemic Alburnus tarichi, Guldenstadt, 1814; 8 Capoeta capoeta, Guldenstaedt, 1772; 15 mirror carp Cyprinus carpio, L., 1758) and 13 mussel (Unio stevenianus, Krynicki, 1837) samples, with 10 specimens per sample, were collected from Van Lake, Turkey, and rivers flowing into it. Gamma-HCH was detected in 21 Alburnus tarichi samples (56.57 ng/g +/- A 22.18 ng/g) and in two Capoeta capoeta samples (27.6 ng/g and 36.45 ng/g). Beta-HCH was detected in 8 Alburnus tarichi samples (24.95 ng/g +/- A 4.42 ng/g) and in two mussel samples (101.25 ng/g and 129.44 ng/g). HCB was found in one Alburnus tarichi sample (14.4 ng/g) and one mussel sample (181.25 ng/g). The compound 4,4'-DDE was detected in 21 Alburnus tarichi samples (87.13 ng/g +/- A 32.23 ng/g), in 9 mirror carp samples (304.82 ng/g +/- A 100.76 ng/g) and one mussel sample (149.31 ng/g). PCB 28 was detected in one Alburnus tarichi (19.46 ng/g) sample and PCB 101 was found in one Capoeta capoeta (60.16 ng/g) sample. PCB 118 was detected in one mirror carp sample (277.5 ng/g) and in two Capoeta capoeta samples (43.77 and 54.38 ng/g). PCB 128 was detected in only one Capoeta capoeta sample (141.48 ng/g). It is concluded that (i) efforts should be made to reduce contamination of aquatic environments by these compounds and that (ii) their levels in fishery products from Van Lake and connected streams should be monitored and publicly reported on a regular basis.

The accumulation of heavy metals such as Pb, Hg, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Br were determined in water, sediment, muscle, and gill of three fish species (Leuciscus cephalus, Capoeta tinca, Capoeta capoeta) which were collected in KA +/- zA +/- lA +/- rmak River Basin (Delice River). The metal concentration showed a general trend of Br > Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Hg > Co in water and Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu > Co > Hg > Br in sediment samples while Zn > Cu > Pb > Br > Cr > Hg > Co were in muscle and Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Br > Hg > Co were in the gill tissue.

Fatty acid composition, conjugated linoleic acid and cholesterol contents in the muscles of three freshwater fish species (Barbus plebejus escherichi, Capoeta capoeta capoeta and Rutilus rutilus) were determined under natural extreme temperate (July) and cold (January) conditions. The aim of the study was to determine whether there were differences in these components of the muscle lipids among these three fish species under extreme natural conditions. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Palmitic, oleic, docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids were the predominant fatty acids in all fish in both months. The percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids, n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n - 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic + docosahexaenoic acids in the muscle of B. plebejus escherichi and C. capoeta capoeta were significantly higher in January (P < 0.05) than in July. The ratio of n - 6 to n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower than 0.60 in all fish species, with C. capoeta capoeta showing the lowest ratio in January (0.36). The levels of cholesterol and conjugated linoleic acid ranged from 103.46 to 150.10 mg/100 g oil and from 16.27 to 35.45 mg/100 g oil, respectively, for all samples in both months. There were no statistical differences in cholesterol levels among the three fish species in July and January. Conjugated linoleic acid contents were significantly higher in January in B. plebejus escherichi and C. capoeta capoeta. Of the three species tested, the extreme temperate and cold conditions affected B. plebejus escherichi the most. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.