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A low-cost method for the simultaneous extraction of alkaloids and water-insoluble flavonoids and esters from Coptis chinensis Franch. (Abbrev. C. chinensis) was explored to provide a reference for the production of green plant-based preparations and traditional Chinese medicine formula granules. A combined extraction method with the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of choline chloride and urea (molar mass ratio of 1:2) and organic solvent ethanol was used, supplemented by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ultrasonic power: 150 W; ultrasonic temperature: 60 °C; treatment time: 15 min). The extraction efficiency of the 50% DES (choline chloride and urea) aqueous solution for berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, and magnoflorine was found to be the highest and was superior to traditional ultrasonic extraction and water bath reflux extraction methods. Furthermore, the flavonoids and esters from C. chinensis residue were extracted using ethanol. The results from high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry indicated a high extraction efficiency overall.

Mg is the lightest structural metal on earth; hence, applications of its alloys have attracted attention from researchers. However, these alloys have poor corrosion resistance, which impedes their use in practice. Many researchers have investigated protective coatings for Mg alloys, but current methods consume much energy, use hazardous substances, or are complex (such as anodizing and micro-arc oxidation). This paper proposes a novel method of creating a durable and protective coating on Mg alloy substrates. The AZ91D Mg alloy was selected for investigation, and a Mn-V-P conversion coating treatment in which voltage of only 5 V was applied for 1 min to enhance the alloy’s corrosion resistance. A compact, single-layer film with uniform thickness was created; the average thickness was 1750 nm. The corrosion resistance of alloys treated with the method and through anodizing treatment was compared. For the novel coating, the corroded area fraction after a 168-h salt spray test was less than 5 %, superior to that for the coating produced through anodizing treatment. The feasibility and potential applications of the novel process are discussed.

In this paper, based on Meyerhof’s theory of homogeneous foundation, the limit equilibrium analysis method and unified logarithmic spiral sliding surface assumption are used to derive the theoretical formula for the ultimate bearing capacity of a layered foundation when the foundation is completely rough. It should be noted that this formula is only applicable to strip foundations of upper soft clay and lower sandy soil. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted between theoretical formulas and semiempirical formulas for layered foundations. On the basis of verifying the reliability of the theoretical formula results, numerical simulation is carried out to further explore and analyze the influence of the width to depth ratio of the foundation, the strength parameters of the double-layer soil, and the thickness of the upper soft soil on the bearing capacity of the foundation. Research has shown that the formula for the bearing capacity of a layered foundation derived in this paper has a certain degree of error compared to Meyerhof’s semiempirical formula, but it is in good agreement with numerical simulation results and Hansen’s weighted average method results. The ratio of the width to depth of the foundation, the ratio of the cohesive force of the double-layer soil, and the tangent ratio of the internal friction angle have a significant positive correlation with the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation. The increase in thickness of the overlying cohesive soil has a negative impact on the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation, and the thicker the soil, the smaller the foundation’s bearing capacity.

Due to the limited availability of fault samples and the expensive nature of marking fault samples in Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) gearbox monitoring data, a study was conducted to simulate the degradation process of key components in the CRH5 gearbox using rigid–flexible coupling dynamics. Vibration acceleration data from the simulation were utilized to create a six-dimensional hybrid feature domain representing the degradation process. By leveraging the capabilities of the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for handling hidden transitive probabilities in temporal data and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) for addressing long-distance and high-dependence temporal data, a GRU-HMM fault prediction model was developed. This model was validated using monitoring data and the six-dimensional hybrid feature domain from the CRH5 gearbox and compared against actual maintenance records. The findings indicated that the GRU-HMM fault prediction model can effectively recognize the degradation patterns of multiple components, offering higher accuracy in fault prediction compared to traditional models. These research outcomes are expected to optimize EMU maintenance schedules based on usage conditions, enhance EMU utilization rates, and reduce operational and maintenance costs, thereby providing valuable theoretical support.

Rabies virus (RABV) is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal neurological disease, raising serious public health issues and attracting extensive attention in society. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of RABV-induced neuronal damage, we used hematoxylin–eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, transcriptomics analysis, and immune response factor testing to investigate RABV-infected neurons. We successfully isolated the neurons from murine brains. The specificity of the isolated neurons was identified by a monoclonal antibody, and the viability of the neurons was 83.53–95.0%. We confirmed that RABV infection induced serious damage to the neurons according to histochemistry and transmission electron microscope (TEM) scanning. In addition, the transcriptomics analysis suggested that multiple genes related to the pyroptosis pathway were significantly upregulated, including gasdermin D (Gsdmd), Nlrp3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, as well as the chemokine genes Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Ccl5, Ccl7, Ccl12, and Cxcl10. We next verified this finding in the brains of mice infected with the rRC-HL, GX074, and challenge virus standard strain-24 (CVS-24) strains of RABV. Importantly, we found that the expression level of the Gsdmd protein was significantly upregulated in the neurons infected with different RABV strains and ranged from 691.1 to 5764.96 pg/mL, while the basal level of mock-infected neurons was less than 100 pg/mL. Taken together, our findings suggest that Gsdmd-induced pyroptosis is involved in the neuron damage caused by RABV infection.

Meat color traits directly influence consumer acceptability and purchasing decisions. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of comprehensive investigation into the genetic mechanisms underlying meat color traits in pigs. Utilizing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on five meat color traits and the detection of selection signatures in pig breeds exhibiting distinct meat color characteristics, we identified a promising candidate SNP, 6_69103754, exhibiting varying allele frequencies among pigs with different meat color characteristics. This SNP has the potential to affect the redness and chroma index values of pork. Moreover, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) analysis revealed the expression of candidate genes associated with meat color traits in specific tissues. Notably, the largest number of candidate genes were observed from transcripts derived from adipose, liver, lung, spleen tissues, and macrophage cell type, indicating their crucial role in meat color development. Several shared genes associated with redness, yellowness, and chroma indices traits were identified, including RINL in adipose tissue, ENSSSCG00000034844 and ITIH1 in liver tissue, TPX2 and MFAP2 in lung tissue, and ZBTB17, FAM131C, KIFC3, NTPCR, and ENGSSSCG00000045605 in spleen tissue. Furthermore, single-cell enrichment analysis revealed a significant association between the immune system and meat color. This finding underscores the significance of the immune system associated with meat color. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic mechanisms underlying meat color traits, offering valuable insights for future breeding efforts aimed at improving meat quality.

This study pioneered a non-destructive testing approach to evaluating the physicochemical properties of golden passion fruit by developing a platform to analyze the fruit’s electrical characteristics. By using dielectric properties, the method accurately predicted the soluble solids content (SSC), Acidity and pulp percentage (PP) in passion fruit. The investigation entailed measuring the relative dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε″) for 192 samples across a spectrum of 34 frequencies from 0.05 to 100 kHz. The analysis revealed that with increasing frequency and fruit maturity, both ε′ and ε″ showed a declining trend. Moreover, there was a discernible correlation between the fruit’s physicochemical indicators and dielectric properties. In refining the dataset, 12 outliers were removed using the Local Outlier Factor (LOF) algorithm. The study employed various advanced feature extraction techniques, including Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV), Permutation Importance based on Random Forest Regression (PI-RF), Permutation Importance based on Linear Regression (PI-LR) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). All the variables and the selected variables after screening were used as inputs to build Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Categorical Boosting (Cat-Boost) models to predict the SSC, Acidity and PP in passion fruit. The results indicate that the PI-RF-XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance in predicting both the SSC (R2 = 0.9240, RMSE = 0.2595) and the PP (R2 = 0.9092, RMSE = 0.0014) of passion fruit. Meanwhile, the GA-CatBoost model exhibited the best performance in predicting Acidity (R2 = 0.9471, RMSE = 0.1237). In addition, for the well-performing algorithms, the selected features are mainly concentrated within the frequency range of 0.05–6 kHz, which is consistent with the frequency range highly correlated with the dielectric properties and quality indicators. It is feasible to predict the quality indicators of fruit by detecting their low-frequency dielectric properties. This research offers significant insights and a valuable reference for non-destructive testing methods in assessing the quality of golden passion fruit.

A porous silicon-based capacitive structure with high specific capacitance is fabricated by three-dimensional electrochemical etching. As well as conventional planar electrochemical etching in two dimensions on the surface of a silicon chip, the lateral side walls of trenches engraved by a laser beam are also etched (third dimension). Platinum is deposited on both sides of the porous silicon film to create a capacitive structure that allows for stable measurement of the equivalent permittivity and specific capacitance of the trench-structured, layered porous silicon material. To eliminate the large parasitic effect due to the high roughness and air gaps between the metal layer and the porous silicon layer, nano-scale graphene is embedded into the surface pores of the porous silicon to enable good contact. After preliminary experiments, an etching approach based on a continuously decreasing current is adopted to obtain a strong porous silicon structure with long silicon pillars. Various laser engraving patterns were compared to determine the effect of three-dimensional etching. The results show that the increase in specific capacitance due to the laser trenches is positively correlated with the extent of lateral etching. The proposed method is suitable for improving the equivalent permittivity of the porous silicon layer without changing the device geometry or electrochemical etching parameters, and is also compatible with Si-VLSI technology.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of oral cancer. While therapeutic innovations have made strides, radioresistance persists as a significant hindrance in OSCC treatment. Despite identifying numerous targets that could potentially suppress the oncogenic attributes of OSCC, the exploration of oncogenic protein kinases for cancer therapy remains limited. Consequently, the functions of many kinase proteins in OSCC continue to be largely undetermined. In this research, we aim to disclose protein kinases that target OSCC and elaborate their roles and molecular mechanisms. Through the examination of the kinome library of radiotherapy-resistant/sensitive OSCC cell lines (HN12 and SAS), we identified a key gene, the tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 (DYRK3), a member of the DYRK family. We developed an in vitro cell model, composed of radiation-resistant OSCC, to scrutinize the clinical implications and contributions of DYRK3 and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (PAICS) signaling in OSCC. This investigation involves bioinformatics and human tissue arrays. We seek to comprehend the role of DYRK3 and PAICS signaling in the development of OSCC and its resistance to radiotherapy. Various in vitro assays are utilized to reveal the essential molecular mechanism behind radiotherapy resistance in connection with the DYRK3 and PAICS interaction. In our study, we quantified the concentrations of DYRK3 and PAICS proteins and tracked the expression levels of key pluripotency markers, particularly PPAT. Furthermore, we extended our investigation to include an analysis of Glut-1, a gene recognized for its linkage to radioresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Furthermore, we conducted an in vivo study to affirm the impact of DYRK3 and PAICS on tumor growth and radiotherapy resistance, focusing particularly on the role of DYRK3 in the radiotherapy resistance pathway. This focus leads us to identify new therapeutic agents that can combat radiotherapy resistance by inhibiting DYRK3 (GSK-626616). Our in vitro models showed that inhibiting PAICS disrupts purinosome formation and influences the survival rate of radiation-resistant OSCC cell lines. These outcomes underscore the pivotal role of the DYRK3/PAICS axis in directing OSCC radiotherapy resistance pathways and, as a result, influencing OSCC progression or therapy resistance. Our findings also reveal a significant correlation between DYRK3 expression and the PAICS enzyme in OSCC radiotherapy resistance.

The problem of two-dimensional irregular packing involves the arrangement of objects with diverse shapes and sizes within a given area. This challenge arises across various industrial sectors, where effective packing optimization can yield cost savings, enhanced productivity, and reduced material waste. Existing methods for addressing the two-dimensional irregular packing problem encounter several challenges, such as limited computing resources, a prolonged solving time, and the propensity to converge to local optima. To address this issue, this study proposes a hybrid algorithm called the GA-LP algorithm to optimize the two-dimensional irregular packing problem in the manufacturing industry. The algorithm combines the global search capability of a genetic algorithm with the precise solving characteristics of linear programming. Matheuristics merges the advantages of metaheuristics, such as genetic algorithms, and mathematical programming, such as linear programming. The algorithm employs the no-fit-polygon technique along with the bottom-left and lowest-gravity center mixing placement strategies to acquire an initial solution via the utilization of a genetic algorithm. The algorithm then optimizes the solution obtained by the genetic algorithm using linear programming to obtain the final packing result. Experimental results, drawn from a real case involving the European Special Interest Group on Cutting and Packing (ESICUP) demonstrate that the GA-LP algorithm outperforms two hybrid algorithms from the relevant literature. Compared with recent methods, this algorithm can increase the best and average utilization rates by up to 5.89% and 4.02%, respectively, with important implications for improving work quality in areas such as packing and cutting.

Abstract Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has shown strength in non‐invasive, rapid, trace analysis and has been used in many fields in medicine. Machine learning (ML) is an algorithm that can imitate human learning styles and structure existing content with the knowledge to effectively improve learning efficiency. Integrating SERS and ML can have a promising future in the medical field. In this review, we summarize the applications of SERS combined with ML in recent years, such as the recognition of biological molecules, rapid diagnosis of diseases, developing of new immunoassay techniques, and enhancing SERS capabilities in semi‐quantitative measurements. Ultimately, the possible opportunities and challenges of combining SERS with ML are addressed.

Three new zinc(II) and one vanadium(V) complexes, [Zn2Cl2L2] (1), [Zn2I2L2] (2), [ZnCl2(HL)] (3), and [V2O2(μ-O)2L2] (4), where L is 5-bromo-2-((2-(methylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenolate, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV-Vis spectra, as well as molar conductivity. Structures of the complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural dinuclear zinc compounds, with the Zn atoms in square pyramidal coordination. The Zn atoms in the mononuclear complex 3 are in tetrahedral coordination. Complex 4 is a dinuclear vanadium(V) compound, with the V atoms in octahedral coordination. The complexes were assayed for antibacterial activities by MTT method.

Amino acid permeases (AAPs) are proteins of the integral membrane that play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to various stresses. The molecular functions of several AAPs were characterized in Arabidopsis and rice, but there is still limited information on wheat. Here, we identified 51 AAP genes (TaAAPs) in the wheat genome, classified into six groups based on phylogenetic and protein structures. The chromosome location and gene duplication analysis showed that gene duplication events played a crucial role in the expansion of the TaAAPs gene family. Collinearity relationship analysis revealed several orthologous AAPs between wheat and other species. Moreover, cis-element analysis of promoter regions and transcriptome data suggested that the TaAAPs can respond to salt stress. A TaAAP1 gene was selected and transformed in wheat. Overexpressing TaAAP1 enhanced salt tolerance by increasing the expression of ethylene synthesis genes (TaACS6/TaACS7/TaACS8) and accumulating more ethylene. The present study provides an overview of the AAP family in the wheat genome as well as information on systematics, phylogenetics, and gene duplication, and shows that overexpressing TaAAP1 enhances salt tolerance by regulating ethylene production. These results serve as a theoretical foundation for further functional studies on TaAAPs in the future.

Two new and similar cobalt(III) complexes, [CoL2]·NO3 (1) and [CoL2]·Cl (2), where L is 5-bromo-2-((2-(phenylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenolate, have been synthesized and characterized by IR and UV-Vis spectra. Structures of the complexes were confirmed by single crystal X-ray determination. The Co atoms in the complexes are in octahedral coordination, with the donor atoms come from the two Schiff base ligands, viz. phenolate oxygen, and imino and amino nitrogen. The anions of the cobalt salts crystallized as counteranions in the complexes. The complexes were assayed for antibacterial activities by MTT method.

Remarkable advancement has been made in the application of nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer therapy. Although NPs have been favorably delivered into tumors by taking advantage of the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, several physiological barriers present within tumors tend to restrict the diffusion of NPs. To overcome this, one of the strategies is to design NPs that can reach lower size limits to improve tumor penetration without being rapidly cleared out by the body. Several attempts have been made to achieve this, such as selecting appropriate nanocarriers and modifying surface properties. While many studies focus on the optimal design of NPs, the influence of mouse strains on the effectiveness of NPs remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether the vascular permeability of NPs near the lower size limit differs among mouse strains. We found that the vessel permeability of dextran NPs was size-dependent and dextran NPs with a size below 15 nm exhibited leakage from postcapillary venules in all strains. Most importantly, the leakage rate of 8-nm fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran was significantly higher in the BALB/c mouse strain than in other strains. This strain dependence was not observed in slightly positive TRITC-dextran with comparable sizes. Our results indicate that the influence on mouse strains needs to be taken into account for the evaluation of NPs near the lower size limit.

Semiconductor photocatalytic performances can be modulated through morphology modification. Herein porous hierarchical BiOBr microspheres (BiOBr-MS) of ~3 μm was firstly self-assembled without the assistance of a template via a facile solvothermal synthesis in triethylene glycol (TEG) at 150 °C for 3 h. KBrO3 was exploited as a bromine source, which slowly provided bromide ions upon reduction in TEG and controlled the growth and self-assembly of primary BiOBr nanoplates. The addition of PVP during solvothermal synthesis of BiOBr-MS reduced the particle size by about three-fold to generate BiOBr sub-microspheres (BiOBr-sMS) of 2− were found to be main reactive species for the BzOH oxidation over BiOBr spheres by scavenging tests and spin-trapping EPR spectra. The higher photocatalytic activity of BiOBr-sMS was attributed to its more open hierarchical structure, efficient charge separation, more negative conduction-band position and the generation of larger amounts of ·O2−.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation, bone erosion, and joint deformation. Synovial tissue in RA patients is full of proinflammatory cytokines and infiltrated immune cells, such as T help (Th) 9, Th17, macrophages, and osteoclasts. Recent reports emphasized a new member of the interleukin (IL)-10 family, IL-26, an inducer of IL-17A that is overexpressed in RA patients. Our previous works found that IL-26 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and conducts monocyte differentiation toward M1 macrophages. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of IL-26 on macrophages linking to Th9 and Th17 in IL-9 and IL-17 expression and downstream signal transduction. Murine and human macrophage cell lines and primary culture cells were used and stimulated by IL26. Cytokines expressions were evaluated by flow cytometry. Signal transduction and transcription factors expression were detected by Western blot and real time-PCR. Our results show that IL-26 and IL-9 colocalized in macrophage in RA synovium. IL-26 directly induces macrophage inflammatory cytokines IL-9 and IL-17A expression. IL-26 increases the IL-9 and IL-17A upstream mechanisms IRF4 and RelB expression. Moreover, the AKT-FoxO1 pathway is also activated by IL-26 in IL-9 and IL-17A expressing macrophage. Blockage of AKT phosphorylation enhances IL-26 stimulating IL-9-producing macrophage cells. In conclusion, our results support that IL-26 promotes IL-9- and IL-17-expressing macrophage and might initiate IL-9- and IL-17-related adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis. Targeting IL-26 may a potential therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis or other IL-9 plus IL-17 dominant diseases.

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a common reactive oxygen species that has found wide application in wastewater processing, photochemical synthesis, and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, a dual-core metal [a Re(I)-based component and a Gd(III)-based component] photosensitizer was synthesized and doped into polymer fibrous films for 1O2 generation. Here the Re(I)-based component is responsible for the photosensitizing reaction which directly transformed 3O2 to 1O2, while the Gd(III)-based component served as an auxiliary part that assisted the transformation from 3O2 to 1O2via synergistic effect by its triplet excited ligands. The photophysical parameters of this photosensitizer (denoted as Re-Gd) and its fibrous films (denoted as Re-Gd@PVP) were carefully recorded, discussed, and compared. It was found that the excited state lifetime and photostability of Re-Gd were both improved after being doped into fibrous films, favoring 1O2 generation. The 1O2 generation performance comparison between Re-Gd in the solid state, in solution, and fibrous films suggested that 1O2 generation performance was indeed improved by the electrospinning films. In addition, the positive factor of synergistic effect on improving 1O2-producing efficiency was confirmed by comparing Re-Gd@PVP films with reference films with a single-core metal photosensitizer having no synergistic effect.

A ZSM-5 molecular sieve composite with a wide pore prepared by the solid phase in-situ synthesis method and fluid catalytic cracking, and an FCC catalyst additive prepared by the same ZSM-5 molecular sieve for increasing the amount of light olefin yield were investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, SEM, and NH3-TPD, respectively. The results showed that the structure of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve composite prepared by solid phase in-situ synthesis method was pure MFI-type zeolite material. The crystallinity of ZSM-5 molecular sieve was 59.8 wt%. The synthesized ZSM-5 molecular sieve had more acid content and a wide-pore structure. The average pore size was 5.9 nm, and BET specific surface area and micropore specific surface area of sample were 213 m2 g−1 and 124 m2 g−1, respectively. The evaluated results indicated that the FCC catalyst additive had good selectivity for LPG, propylene, and butene, increasing propylene and butene yields by 2.28 wt% and 2.15 wt%, respectively, as well as had better heavy oil cracking capability and coke selectivity.

Objectives: Titanium implants are regarded as a promising treatment modality for replacing missing teeth. Osteointegration and antibacterial properties are both desirable characteristics for titanium dental implants. The aim of this study was to create zinc (Zn)-, strontium (Sr)-, and magnesium (Mg)-multidoped hydroxyapatite (HAp) porous coatings, including HAp, Zn-doped HAp, and Zn-Sr-Mg-doped HAp, on titanium discs and implants using the vapor-induced pore-forming atmospheric plasma spraying (VIPF-APS) technique. Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of osteogenesis-associated genes such as collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), decorin (DCN), osteoprotegerin (TNFRSF11B), and osteopontin (SPP1) were examined in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. The antibacterial effects against periodontal bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella nigrescens, were investigated. In addition, a rat animal model was used to evaluate new bone formation via histologic examination and micro-computed tomography (CT). Results: The ZnSrMg-HAp group was the most effective at inducing mRNA and protein expression of TNFRSF11B and SPP1 after 7 days of incubation, and TNFRSF11B and DCN after 11 days of incubation. In addition, both the ZnSrMg-HAp and Zn-HAp groups were effective against P. gingivalis and P. nigrescens. Furthermore, according to both in vitro studies and histologic findings, the ZnSrMg-HAp group exhibited the most prominent osteogenesis and concentrated bone growth along implant threads. Significance: A porous ZnSrMg-HAp coating using VIPF-APS could serve as a novel technique for coating titanium implant surfaces and preventing further bacterial infection.

The transmission tower is an important infrastructure for transmission lines. To secure the operation of the power grid, it is particularly important to evaluate the safety of the in-service transmission tower under the action of random wind loads throughout their entire life cycle. Thus, this paper firstly establishes the time-varying equivalent performance function of the in-service transmission tower under the action of random wind loads. Then, in order to address the shortcomings of the traditional maximum entropy method, the high-order moments-based improved maximum entropy method (HM-IMEM) is proposed and extended to assess the wind resistance global reliability of the in-service transmission tower. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated evaluating the wind resistance global reliability of an in-service transmission tower in an engineering setting. Analytic results indicate that: (1) The proposed method can ensure a balance between calculation accuracy and efficiency. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method, the relative error is only 0.11% and the computational cost is much lower than that of the MCS method. (2) The reliability of the in-service transmission tower significantly decreased over time. In order to guide maintenance and reinforcement by predicting the time-varying performance of in-service transmission towers, it is of great engineering value to evaluate the wind resistance global reliability of the in-service transmission tower.

Phase-change random-access memory (PCRAM) holds great promise for next-generation information storage applications. As a mature phase change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy (GST) relies on the distinct electrical properties of different states to achieve information storage, but there are relatively few studies on the relationship between electron transport and microstructure. In this work, we found that the first resistance dropping in GST film is related to the increase of carrier concentration, in which the atomic bonding environment changes substantially during the crystallization process. The second resistance dropping is related to the increase of carrier mobility. Besides, during the cubic to the hexagonal phase transition, the nanograins grow significantly from ~50 nm to ~300 nm, which reduces the carrier scattering effect. Our study lays the foundation for precisely controlling the storage states of GST-based PCRAM devices.

A new vanadium(V) complex, [VOL(OMe)(MeOH)]·MeOH (1·MeOH), was prepared by the reaction of VO(acac)2 with 2-chloro-N'-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide (H2L) in methanol. By addition of salicylhydroxamic acid (HSHA) to the methanolic solution of 1, a new salicylhydroxamate-coordinated vanadium(V) complex, [VOL(SHA)]·H2O (2·H2O), was obtained. Both complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes with methanol molecule as a solvate, and complex 2 as a monohydrate. The V atoms in the complexes are in octahedral coordination. In the crystal structure of 1·MeOH, the vanadium complexes are linked by methanol solvate molecules through intermolecular O–H∙∙∙N and O–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds to form chains along the c axis. In the crystal structure of 2·H2O, the vanadium complexes are linked by water molecules through intermolecular O–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds, to form 1D chains along the a axis. The chains are further linked through intermolecular O–H∙∙∙N and O–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds in the c direction to form 2D layers. The antimicrobial activities of the complexes against K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeroginosa, E. coli, and B. subtilis were investigated.

The saturation of octahydrophenanthrene was the rate-determining step in the hydrogenation process from phenanthrene to perhydrophenanthrene, which was due to the steric hindrance and competitive adsorption of octahydrophenanthrene. In this work, a series of Ni/NiAlOx catalysts with a uniform electron-deficient state of Ni derived from the nickel aluminate structure was synthesized to overcome the disadvantage of noble catalyst and the traditional sulfided catalysts in the saturation hydrogenation process of phenanthrene. Results showed that the catalyst calcinated at 650°C possessed more Ni2+ (∼98%) occupying octahedral sites and exhibited the highest robs (1.53 × 10−3 mol kg−1 s−1) and TOF (14.64 × 10−3 s−1) for phenanthrene hydrogenation. Furthermore, its ability to overcome steric hindrance and promote the rate-determining step was proven by octahydrophenanthrene hydrogenation. Comparing the evolution of hydrogenation activity with the change in the electronic structure of surface Ni sites, it was shown that the increase of metallic electron deficiency hindered the π-back bonding between surface Ni and aromatic rings, which was unfavorable for aromatic adsorption. As a result, the phenanthrene hydrogenation saturation performance can be enhanced by stabilizing the electron-deficient state of surface Ni on an optimal degree.

The internal water pressure condition influences the internal force of the circular hydraulic tunnel lining. However, calculating the lining’s internal force of this type of tunnel still lacks practical theory. Based on the modified routine method and the theory of structural mechanics, the internal stress model of the tunnel section is established in this paper. The general calculation formula of lining internal force is deduced by considering arbitrary water level height and different water conveyance pressures. The formula is used to calculate the internal force of the lining under the action of internal water pressure and the influence laws of water level height and water conveyance pressure are explored, respectively. In addition, case analysis was carried out for several typical projects. The results show that the maximum internal force of the lining increases with the increase of water pressure and inner radius and the maximum internal force is in a fixed special position when the water is conveyed under pressure. When the water is conveyed without pressure, the internal force of the lining will increase with the increased water level. However, the maximum bending moment and axial force will reduce at the special water level. This calculation theory considering different working conditions of internal water pressure solves the calculation problem of the internal force of a circular hydraulic tunnel. It improves the design theory of tunnel structure and provides a theoretical basis for this type of tunnel’s structural design and safe operation.

Oral mucositis is a common adverse effect of cancer therapy. Probiotics have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate whether probiotics can prevent cancer therapy–induced oral mucositis. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for trials related to probiotics and oral mucositis published before September 2022; no language restrictions were applied. The primary outcome was the incidence of oral mucositis and severe oral mucositis. Secondary outcomes were the requirement for enteral nutrition during treatment, body weight loss, and decreased quality of life. The study has been registered in PROSPERO (number: CRD 42022302339). Eight RCTs, including 708 patients, were reviewed; however, a meta-analysis of only seven trials could be performed. Three trials using Lactobacilli-based probiotics reported that the incidence of oral mucositis in the probiotic group was significantly low (risk ratio [RR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77–0.93, p = 0.0004). Seven trials reported a significantly low incidence of severe oral mucositis in the probiotic group (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53–0.81, p < 0.0001). The requirement of enteral nutrition was significantly low in the probiotic group (odds ratio = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13–0.92, p < 0.05). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and mitigation of cancer therapy–induced oral mucositis. We recommend the use of probiotics to prevent and treat oral mucositis during cancer therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. Although increasing evidence supports the role of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle A1 (HNRNP A1) in tumor progression, the function of HNRNP A1 in HCC remains unclear. Here, we focused on the role of HNRNP A1 in the development of HCC. In this study, we found HNRNP A1 participates in many aspects of HCC, such as progression and prognosis. Our results showed that HNRNP A1 is upregulated in human HCC tissues and cell lines. High expression of HNRNP A1 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC cells and accelerate tumor progression in mice. Moreover, we found that HNRNP A1 prevents the senescence process of HCC cells. Knocking down of HNRNP A1 promotes the expression of P16INK4, which arrests the cell cycle and then induces the senescence phenotype in HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that HNRNP A1 regulated necroptosis and mitochondrial dynamics. In summary, our study indicates that HNRNP A1 promotes the development of HCC, which suggests a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

A series of novel 4-N-phenylaminoquinoline derivatives containing a morpholine group were designed and synthesized, and their anti-cholinesterase activities and ABTS radical-scavenging activities were tested. Among them, compounds 11a, 11g, 11h, 11j, 11l, and 12a had comparable inhibition activities to reference galantamine in AChE. Especially, compound 11g revealed the most potent inhibition on AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 1.94 ± 0.13 μM and 28.37 ± 1.85 μM, respectively. The kinetic analysis demonstrated that both the compounds 11a and 11g acted as mixed-type AChE inhibitors. A further docking comparison between the 11a- and 12a-AChE complexes agreed with the different inhibitory potency observed in experiments. Besides, compounds 11f and 11l showed excellent ABTS radical-scavenging activities, with IC50 values of 9.07 ± 1.34 μM and 6.05 ± 1.17 μM, respectively, which were superior to the control, Trolox (IC50 = 11.03 ± 0.76 μM). It is worth noting that 3-aminoquinoline derivatives 12a–12d exhibited better drug-like properties.

In this work, microspeaker frequency response was determined based on measurement and simulation. The vents after the rear chamber of the microspeaker were covered with ventilation cloths. Two types of ventilation cloths (acoustic cloths) are commonly used in electroacoustic products, non-woven and woven. Non-woven cloths (5 nos.) consist of irregular meshes and woven cloths (5 nos.) consist of regular meshes. The equivalent circuit model of the microspeaker was formulated by considering five types each of non-woven and woven ventilation cloths. The acoustic properties of the ventilation cloths were estimated from the measured frequency response of the microspeaker and by subsequent use of particle swarm optimization algorithm. Estimated value of the acoustic impedances of the ventilation cloths were used in an equivalent circuit model of the microspeaker for the simulated frequency responses and subsequently compared with the anechoic chamber measurements. Based on the results, the equivalent circuit adequately simulated the measured frequency response of the microspeaker and the estimations of the acoustic impedances of the ventilation cloths were in good agreement with the measured frequency responses of the microspeaker.

Freezing stress is a major factor limiting production and geographical distribution of temperate crops. Elongator is a six subunit complex with histone acetyl-transferase activity and is involved in plant development and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it is unknown whether and how an elongator responds to freezing stress in plants. In this study, we found that wheat elongator subunit 4 (TaELP4) negatively regulates freezing tolerance through ethylene signaling. TaELP4 promoter contained cold response elements and was up-regulated in freezing stress. Subcellular localization showed that TaELP4 and AtELP4 localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Silencing of TaELP4 in wheat with BSMV-mediated VIGS approach significantly elevated tiller survival rate compared to control under freezing stress, but ectopic expression of TaELP4 in Arabidopsis increased leaf damage and survival rate compared with Col-0. Further results showed that TaELP4 positively regulated ACS2 and ACS6 transcripts, two main limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis. The determination of ethylene content showed that TaELP4 overexpression resulted in more ethylene accumulated than Col-0 under freezing stress. Epigenetic research showed that histone H3K9/14ac levels significantly increased in coding/promoter regions of AtACS2 and AtACS6 in Arabidopsis. RT-qPCR assays showed that the EIN2/EIN3/EIL1-CBFs-COR pathway was regulated by TaELP4 under freezing stress. Taken together, our results suggest that TaELP4 negatively regulated plant responses to freezing stress via heightening histone acetylation levels of ACS2 and ACS6 and increasing their transcription and ethylene accumulation.

Hydrothermal reactions of 2-(2′,4′-dicarboxylphenoxy) benzoic acid (H3L ) with 1,4-di(pyridin-4-yl)benzene (dpb) and 1,4-bis(2-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)benzene (bimib) in the presence of Mn(OAc)2·4H2O and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O yielded three new coordination polymers, [Mn1.5(L)(dpb).H2O].H2O (1), [Zn3(L)2( bimib)]n (2) and [Zn3(L)2( bmimb)]n (3), complex 1 has a three dimensional structure formed by the combination of mono and binuclear chains , complexes 2 and 3 have identical structures with one only different in the length of the auxiliary ligands, both complexes have 3D structure. All the complexes were characterized by IR, XRD, PXRD, and thermal gravemetric analysis (TGA), furthermore the magnetic bevior of complex 1 was studied; which showed antiferromagnetic behavior. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i3.1394

An adsorbent prepared from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalyst fines and diatomite, and its adsorption of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ ions were investigated. The adsorbent was characterized by XRD, SEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The results showed that the specific surface area and pore volume of adsorbent increased with the increase in FCC spent catalyst fines. The influence factors on the adsorption of the adsorbents were studied. The suitable adsorption conditions were: pH value of 5.0, ratio of solid to liquid of 1 : 600 (g:ml), adsorption time of 4 h, room temperature. The adsorption of metal ions varied with the type of metal cations. The adsorption isotherms suggested that the sequence of the adsorption efficiency was Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+. The amount of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ metal ion adsorbed onto the adsorbent was 49.17 mg g−1, 46.83 mg g−1, and 35.72 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption data of Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ ions fitted well with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model.

In this study, in order to protect the characteristic Dendrobium devonianum Paxt industry in the Longling area, and promote the healthy development of its characteristic Chinese herbal medicines in Yunnan Province, China, the identification of Dendrobium devonianum Paxt and Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo from Longling county was discussed using time of flight mass spectrometry. The data of 13 Dendrobium devonianum and 7 Dendrobium officinale in the Longling area were collected by TOF MS-IDA-15 MS/MS mode, and the collected data were analyzed by PCA and T-test using MarkerView software, and the difference markers were searched using the database to confirm their compound structures. In positive and negative ion modes, 3645 and 2344 peaks were detected, respectively; 64 positive ion compounds and 60 negative ion compounds, for a total of 124 compounds were identified, mainly including organic acids, polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids and their derivatives, benzene and its derivatives, and other compounds. The score plot and loading plot analyzed by PCA show that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale collected in the Longling area can be effectively identified and differentiated by high-resolution mass spectrometry with the 15 different markers in positive ion mode and 17 markers in negative ion mode, respectively. The successful identification of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale fully demonstrates that TOF MS can be effectively used in the identification of Dendrobium and related Chinese herbal medicines with broadly application foreground.

BN is the currently required segregant for perpendicular FePt media. We found that BN can be diffused from the MgTiOBN intermediate layer during a high temperature process. The FePtCAg film sputtered on MgTiOBN layers illustrates higher perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy (Ku) (1.43 × 107 erg/cm3) and coercivity (normal to film surface) (17 kOe) at 350 K compared to BN/FePtCAg/MgTiON film. From the microstructure, the FePtCAg film shows the granular structure on the MgTiOBN intermediate layer, but parts of the irregular FePt grains are agglomerated and partially separated in the matrix, with grains size being, on average, 26.7 nm. Cross-sectional imaging showed that the FePt grains have a truncated pyramid shape with a lower wetting angle, which is influenced by the surface energy of MgTiOBN. BN segregation at FePt grains or boundaries is still not clear. Using the electron energy loss spectrum (EELS), we found that part of the BN atoms were clearly observed in the FePt lattice and iron-boride oxide was indexed in the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. To determine the effects of BN segregant (from capping layer or intermediate layer) on the magnetic switching behavior of FePtCAg film, the intrinsic-(ΔHint = 6.17 kOe, 6.54 kOe) and extrinsic- (ΔHext = 0.80 kOe, 0.39 kOe) switching field distribution (SFD) were measured by plotting saturated major- and unsaturated minor- hysteresis loops to evaluate the crystal orientation and microstructure (grains volume and distribution) for BN/FePtCAg/MgTiON and FePtCAg/MgTiOBN films, respectively. The main contribution of intrinsic SFD is the c-axis misalignment for the BN/FePt/MgTiON sample; however, the dispersed magnetic anisotropy has a higher input to intrinsic SFD for FePtCAg/MgTiOBN/CrRu film.

In this study, an automatic receipt recognition system (ARRS) is developed. First, a receipt is scanned for conversion into a high-resolution image. Receipt characters are automatically placed into two categories according to the receipt characteristics: printed and handwritten characters. Images of receipts with these characters are preprocessed separately. For handwritten characters, template matching and the fixed features of the receipts are used for text positioning, and projection is applied for character segmentation. Finally, a convolutional neural network is used for character recognition. For printed characters, a modified You Only Look Once (version 4) model (YOLOv4-s) executes precise text positioning and character recognition. The proposed YOLOv4-s model reduces downsampling, thereby enhancing small-object recognition. Finally, the system produces recognition results in a tax declaration format, which can upload to a tax declaration system. Experimental results revealed that the recognition accuracy of the proposed system was 80.93% for handwritten characters. Moreover, the YOLOv4-s model had a 99.39% accuracy rate for printed characters; only 33 characters were misjudged. The recognition accuracy of the YOLOv4-s model was higher than that of the traditional YOLOv4 model by 20.57%. Therefore, the proposed ARRS can considerably improve the efficiency of tax declaration, reduce labor costs, and simplify operating procedures.

The smut fungus Ustilago esculenta infects Zizania latifolia and induces stem expansion to form a unique vegetable named Jiaobai. Although previous studies have demonstrated that hormonal control is essential for triggering stem swelling, the role of hormones synthesized by Z. latifolia and U. esculenta and the underlying molecular mechanism are not yet clear. To study the mechanism that triggers swollen stem formation, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of both interacting organisms during the initial trigger of culm gall formation, at which time the infective hyphae also propagated extensively and penetrated host stem cells. Transcriptional analysis indicated that abundant genes involving fungal pathogenicity and plant resistance were reprogrammed to maintain the subtle balance between the parasite and host. In addition, the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis of U. esculenta obviously decreased during stem swelling, while a large number of genes related to the synthesis, metabolism and signal transduction of hormones of the host plant were stimulated and showed specific expression patterns, particularly, the expression of ZlYUCCA9 (a flavin monooxygenase, the key enzyme in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis pathway) increased significantly. Simultaneously, the content of IAA increased significantly, while the contents of cytokinin and gibberellin showed the opposite trend. We speculated that auxin produced by the host plant, rather than the fungus, triggers stem swelling. Furthermore, from the differently expressed genes, two candidate Cys2-His2 (C2H2) zinc finger proteins, GME3058_g and GME5963_g, were identified from U. esculenta, which may conduct fungus growth and infection at the initial stage of stem-gall formation.

Melatonin, a widely known indoleamine molecule that mediates various animal and plant physiological processes, is formed from N-acetyl serotonin via N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). ASMT is an enzyme that catalyzes melatonin synthesis in plants in the rate-determining step and is homologous to hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) melatonin synthase in animals. To date, little is known about the effect of HIOMT on salinity in apple plants. Here, we explored the melatonin physiological function in the salinity condition response by heterologous expressing the homologous human HIOMT gene in apple plants. We discovered that the expression of melatonin-related gene (MdASMT) in apple plants was induced by salinity. Most notably, compared with the wild type, three transgenic lines indicated higher melatonin levels, and the heterologous expression of HIOMT enhanced the expression of melatonin synthesis genes. The transgenic lines showed reduced salt damage symptoms, lower relative electrolyte leakage, and less total chlorophyll loss from leaves under salt stress. Meanwhile, through enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, transgenic lines decreased the reactive oxygen species accumulation, downregulated the expression of the abscisic acid synthesis gene (MdNCED3), accordingly reducing the accumulation of abscisic acid under salt stress. Both mechanisms regulated morphological changes in the stomata synergistically, thereby mitigating damage to the plants’ photosynthetic ability. In addition, transgenic plants also effectively stabilized their ion balance, raised the expression of salt stress–related genes, as well as alleviated osmotic stress through changes in amino acid metabolism. In summary, heterologous expression of HIOMT improved the adaptation of apple leaves to salt stress, primarily by increasing melatonin concentration, maintaining a high photosynthetic capacity, reducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, and maintaining normal ion homeostasis.

Low temperature remarkably limits rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) growth, latex production, and geographical distribution, but the underlying mechanisms of Hevea brasiliensis cold stress response remain elusive. Here, we identified HbSnRK2.6 as a key component in ABA signaling functions in phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-regulated cold stress response in Hevea brasiliensis. Exogenous application of ABA enhances Hevea brasiliensis cold tolerance. Cold-regulated (COR) genes in the CBF pathway are upregulated by ABA. Transcript levels of all five HbSnRK2.6 members are significantly induced by cold, while HbSnRK2.6A, HbSnRK2.6B, and HbSnRK2.6C can be further activated by ABA under cold conditions. Additionally, HbSnRK2.6s are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and can physically interact with HbICE2, a crucial positive regulator in the cold signaling pathway. Overexpression of HbSnRK2.6A or HbSnRK2.6B in Arabidopsis extensively enhances plant responses to ABA and expression of COR genes, leading to increased cold stress tolerance. Furthermore, HbSnRK2.6A and HbSnRK2.6B can promote transcriptional activity of HbICE2, thus, increasing the expression of HbCBF1. Taken together, we demonstrate that HbSnRK2.6s are involved in ABA-regulated cold stress response in Hevea brasiliensis by regulating transcriptional activity of HbICE2.

We focused on a single-shot method for directly measuring the temporal contrast enhancement of a single plasma mirror by analyzing the spectrum of a chirped pulse spatiotemporally overlapped with the igniting laser used for generating a plasma mirror. Experimentally, temporal contrast enhancement of 102 by one plasma mirror was successfully measured in a hundred picosecond timescale and was consistent with the theory. This single-shot measurement method caused no degradation on the performance of the plasma mirror, which was proved by monitoring the efficiency and far-field pattern of the igniting laser after the plasma mirror. Combined with calorimeters and CCD cameras, this method is expected to realize the single-shot online diagnosis of plasma mirrors. This method is expected to be an efficient approach for measuring the temporal contrast enhancement of the plasma mirrors.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with high infectivity and mortality has caused severe social and economic impacts worldwide. Growing reports of COVID-19 patients with multi-organ damage indicated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) may also disturb the cardiovascular system. Herein, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) as the in vitro platform to examine the consequence of SARS-CoV2 infection on iCMs. Differentiated iCMs expressed the primary SARS-CoV2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-II (ACE2) and the transmembrane protease serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) receptor suggesting the susceptibility of iCMs to SARS-CoV2. Following the infection of iCMs with SARS-CoV2, the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein was detected in the host cells, demonstrating the successful infection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the SARS-CoV2 infection upregulates several inflammation-related genes, including the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The pretreatment of iCMs with TNF-α for 24 h, significantly increased the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, SASR-CoV2 entry receptors. The TNF-α pretreatment enhanced the entry of GFP-expressing SARS-CoV2 pseudovirus into iCMs, and the neutralization of TNF-α ameliorated the TNF-α-enhanced viral entry. Collectively, SARS-CoV2 elevated TNF-α expression, which in turn enhanced the SARS-CoV2 viral entry. Our findings suggest that, TNF-α may participate in the cytokine storm and aggravate the myocardial damage in COVID-19 patients.

Osmotic stress severely inhibits plant growth and development, causing huge loss of crop quality and quantity worldwide. Melatonin is an important signaling molecule that generally confers plant increased tolerance to various environmental stresses, however, whether and how melatonin participates in plant osmotic stress response remain elusive. Here, we report that melatonin enhances plant osmotic stress tolerance through increasing ROS-scavenging ability, and melatonin receptor CAND2 plays a key role in melatonin-mediated plant response to osmotic stress. Upon osmotic stress treatment, the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes including SNAT1, COMT1, and ASMT1 and the accumulation of melatonin are increased in the wild-type plants. The snat1 mutant is defective in osmotic stress-induced melatonin accumulation and thus sensitive to osmotic stress, while exogenous melatonin enhances the tolerance of the wild-type plant and rescues the sensitivity of the snat1 mutant to osmotic stress by upregulating the expression and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase to repress H2O2 accumulation. Further study showed that the melatonin receptor mutant cand2 exhibits reduced osmotic stress tolerance with increased ROS accumulation, but exogenous melatonin cannot revert its osmotic stress phenotype. Together, our study reveals that CADN2 functions necessarily in melatonin-conferred osmotic stress tolerance by activating ROS-scavenging ability in Arabidopsis.

Hydraulic torque converter is widely used in transmission units as it is able to provide variable speed and torque ratio, isolate vibration, and absorb shock. The pursuit of a highly packed power unit requires a high capacity/speed torque converter, consequently resulting in a higher risk for cavitation and severe performance degradation, noise, vibration, and even failure. Existing cavitation models generally focus on water, and the empirical parameters are not suitable for the cavitation prediction of torque converter which utilizes high viscosity oil as its working medium. This paper focused on the influence of parameters on the performance and cavitation characteristics of torque converter. A full flow passage geometry and different computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models with cavitation were developed to predict torque converter fluid behavior by resolving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using finite volume method (FVM). The numerical results indicated that nuclei volume fraction, vaporization coefficient, mean nucleation site radius, and maximum density ratio have great influences on the cavitation behavior. These parameters altered the degree of cavitation and the pressure distribution on the surface of stator blades, and affected the stall performance such as stall capacity factor and torque ratio. The cavitation model was then modified to improve calculation accuracy. The test results showed that the prediction error under stall operating condition was decreased from 6.7% to 2%. This study provides insight on the influences of the empirical parameters on both internal cavitation behavior as well as overall hydrodynamic performance.