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1. Physical and Optical Properties of Poly(3-AlkylThiophene) with a View to the Fabrication of a Highly Nonlinear Waveguide~!2008-06-17~!2008-08-22~!2008-09-18~!

Author

Dominique Bosc, Severine Haesaert, Véronique Montembault, Gerard Froyer, Monique Thual, F. Lari, Frederic Henrio, and Khalida Messaad

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Fabrication, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Opacity, business.industry, Scattering, Attenuation, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), 0104 chemical sciences, Nonlinear system, Optics, chemistry, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

In order to take advantage of the very high nonlinear susceptibility of conjugated polymer materials, Poly(3- AlkylThiophene)s, P3AT, were synthesized in the laboratory. The physical, thermomechanical and linear optical proper- ties of synthesized P3AT have been investigated and the first experimental attempts at creating nonlinear optical waveguides and determining their characteristics are presented. After synthesizing P3AT, the relationships between poly- mer chain characteristics and mechanical properties are investigated to see if the polymer is suitable for optical waveguide process technology. We also examine the optical attenuation of the synthesized material, a crucial factor in anticipating the relative opacity of the future component. For the first time we present the absorption spectrum of 3-Octylthiophene molecules in the Near Infra-Red (NIR) region that suggests optical losses for the material are about 0.6 dB.cm -1 at 1550 nm. Next we examined several waveguide structures such as ridge, buried and Strip Loaded WaveGuides (SLWG) based on P3AT material. For the buried waveguides, we have observed the signal transmission and in our opinion the low opti- cal transmission of P3AT ridge and SLWG could be attributed to extrinsic losses (mainly scattering) due to both the re- maining insoluble products in the polymer and to the poor adhesion between optical layers.

Published
2010

2. Free radical copolymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl α-fluoroacrylate and tert -butyl α-trifluoromethylacrylate: Thermal and optical properties of the copolymers

Author

Laurent Fontaine, Dominique Bosc, Véronique Montembault, Isabelle Hardy, Bruno Ameduri, and Jean-Marc Cracowski

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Polymers and Plastics, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Dispersity, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Fluorine-19 NMR, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Reactivity (chemistry), Thermal stability, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition
Abstract

The radical copolymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl a-fluoroacrylate (FATRIFE) with tert-butyl a-trifluoromethylacrylate (MAF-TBE) initiated by tertbutyl 2,2-dimethylperoxypropanoate was investigated in acetonitrile solution. A series of poly(FATRIFE-co-MAF-TBE) copolymers were synthesized with MAF-TBE compositions, determined by 19F NMR, ranging from 12 to 44 mol %. MAF-TBE incorporation was less than 50 mol % as this monomer underwent no radical homopolymerization. The obtained copolymers exhibited number-average molecular weights and polydispersity indexes ranging from 1.5 3 104 to 9.6 3 104 g/mol and from 1.5 to 3.1, respectively. The reactivity ratios were determined by the Kelen-Tu¨ dos method (rFATRIFE ¼ 1.71 6 0.01 and rMAF-TBE ¼ 0 at 74 8C) leading to random copolymers and alternating copolymers when the MAF-TBE molar ratio in copolymer is close to 50 mol %. Thermal and optical properties of the resulting polymers were examined. Glass transition temperatures of copolymers were varying from 89 to 108 8C. Modifying the compositions of these copolymers allowed a precise control over the refractive index measured at 633, 1320, and 1550 nm

Published
2008

3. Light guidance in new chalcogenide holey fibres from GeGaSbS glass

Author

Frédéric Smektala, Dominique Bosc, Johann Troles, Thierry Chartier, Thierry Jouan, Laurent Brilland, J. Le Person, Laboratoire Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Chalcogenide, Chalcogenide glass, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), General Materials Science, Spectroscopy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Optical properties, business.industry, Glasses, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Optical materials, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Chalcogenides
Abstract

International audience; Holey fibres have a broad range of optical properties thanks to their microstructuration and offer a wide range of applications. The combination of intrinsic properties of compound glass, such as chalcogenide glass, and a microstructured fibre geometry allows to consider exacerbated optical properties such as dispersion and nonlinearity for these fibres. In this study, high-index sulphide glass holey fibres (n = 2.251 at 1.55 μm) have been accomplished using the capillary-stacking technique. Sulphide glasses from the GeGaSbS system are used. The drawing step is crucial for microstructuration and for determination of optical properties. Sulphide holey fibres, which were optically characterised with near-field spectroscopy at 1.55 μm, show a single-mode guidance with an effective mode area of 108 μm2.

Published
2006

4. Thermo-optical coefficient determination of index liquids used for optimization of optical integrated components

Author

Dominique Bosc

Subjects
Materials science, Infrared, Vapor pressure, business.industry, Measure (physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Silicone oil, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Core (optical fiber), Wavelength, chemistry.chemical_compound, Silicone, Optics, chemistry, Power dividers and directional couplers, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business
Abstract

The optimization procedure for designing silica integrated components (specially in the telecommunication infrared spectrum, around wavelength 1550 nm) uses specific index liquids as a core top layer. These liquids consist of transparent silicone oils which present a very low vapor pressure. In this paper we present an accurate method to measure the thermo-optical coefficient of these liquids. We determine that, for liquid based silicone, this coefficient is −4.5×10 −4 K −1 . By the way, this technique also enable us to know the behavior of integrated directional coupler as thermo-optical switch. These experiments are useful to design such kind of integrated components.

Published
2001

5. Synthesis of a novel difunctional NLO azo‐dye chromophore and characterizations of crosslinkable copolymers with stable electrooptic properties

Author

Dominique Bosc, Franck Foll, A. Rousseau, and Bernard Boutevin

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Glycidyl methacrylate, Materials science, Azo compound, Polymers and Plastics, General Chemistry, Polymer, Chromophore, Methacrylate, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Glass transition
Abstract

The synthesis and the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of crosslinkable copolymers based on a novel NLO azo-dye chromophore bearing two functions: one used the free-radical copolymerization, that is, the methacrylate group, and the other one used for the crosslinking process, that is, the carboxylic acid function, are described. Copolymerization of this new monomer with glycidyl methacrylate leads to novel soluble crosslinkable NLO copolymers bearing free epoxy and carboxylic groups. The poling process, before crosslinking, is achieved at a temperature (Tp) close to the glass transition temperature, Tg (

Published
1999

6. Behavior under UV irradiation of new polymers with photocrosslinkable and NLO groups prepared from chloromethylstyrene

Author

Bernard Boutevin, Dominique Granier-Azema, Franck Foll, Alain Rousseau, Dominique Bosc, and Martine Guilbert

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Azo compound, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Maleic anhydride, General Chemistry, Polymer, Condensed Matter Physics, Photochemistry, Photobleaching, Styrene, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, UV curing
Abstract

In this paper, the syntheses of two styrene-based monomers bearing either an optical active group, Dispersed Red 1, or a photocrosslinkable cinnamate group are described. The study of their copolymerizations with maleic anhydride and the characterizations of the copolymers are given. Polymer materials with exposure to UV curing light, 254 nm, exhibit a photobleaching process. This feature can be used in the preparation of channelized wave-guide using photomask methods.

Published
1995

7. Improved integrated resonators in polymer technology for tunable filter

Author

Michel Gadonna, C. Bastianelli, Dominique Bosc, Aziz Belmiloudi, Azar Maalouf, Fabrice Mahé, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laurent Vivien, Seppo K. Honkanen, Lorenzo Pavesi, Stefano Pelli, Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Range (particle radiation), Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Resonator, Wavelength, Optics, chemistry, Filter (video), 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, 0210 nano-technology, Optical filter, business, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

International audience; In order to create thermally tunable filter, we fabricate integrated micro-ring resonators with specific polymers. Their high index contrast (Δn ~ 0.15 at the wavelength of 1550 nm) allows to make small size waveguides (typically with cross sections of 1.2 × 1.5 μm2). We study the impact of different ring radii and gaps on the response of filters. Compared to the state of the art with polymers, we have obtained ring resonators with good characteristics. These results and the high thermo-optic coefficient of polymers enable us to plan the creation of thermally tunable resonators. For that purpose, we develop a thermal model of the polymer waveguide behaviour in order to minimize the electrical consumption of a tunable filter. First experiments of thermal tunability of the micro-ring filter are also reported to work on a range of 40 °C giving a 5 nm shift of the dropped wavelength.

Published
2012

8. Thermally stable cross-linked polymers for electro-optic applications

Author

A. Rousseau, Joseph Zyss, Julienne Liang, R. Levenson, E. Toussaere, Bernard Boutevin, Dominique Bosc, C. Rossier, and Franck Foll

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Materials science, business.industry, Cross-link, Poling, General Engineering, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Polymer, Nonlinear optical, Optics, Optical modulator, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Thermal stability, business, Phase modulation, Curing (chemistry)
Abstract

The electro-optic properties of a new variety of cross-linked polymer referred to as Red-acid Magly are being reported. Its linear and nonlinear optical properties are characterized in comparison with the classical side-chain polymer DR1-MMA. The combined curing and poling processes are optimized so as to improve the thermal stability of the nonlinear optical properties. Polymer films are shown to sustain a high electro-optic coefficient of 12 pm/V at 1.32$~\mu$m during several weeks at 85 °C. An electro-optic phase modulator based on this polymer has been fabricated and demonstrated.

Published
1994

9. New halogenated monomers and polymers for low loss plastic optical fiber

Author

Dominique Bosc, A. Rousseau, and Bernard Boutevin

Subjects
Acrylate polymer, chemistry.chemical_classification, Optical fiber, Materials science, Attenuation, Polymer, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Copolymer, Physical chemistry, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Plastic optical fiber, Refractive index
Abstract

In this paper, theoretical studies about refractive index and attenuation of halogenated and deuterated monomers and polymers are described. Concerning refractive index study, a mathematical model is elaborated to calculate the refractive index of acrylic monomers accurately. Concerning the attenuation in a near infrared (NIR) and visible region, we have shown and quantified that the most important factor of intrinsic absorption in Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) is the presence of C-H bonds. So to reduce attenuation of POF, halogenated and deuterated acrylates and vinyl carbonates are synthesized. Thermal and optical properties of the corresponding homo and copolymers are discussed.

Published
1994

10. Preparation of a New Electro-optic Polymer Cross-Linkable via Copper-Free Thermal Huisgen Cyclo-Addition and Fabrication of Optical Waveguides by Reactive Ion Etching

Author

Dominique Bosc, Errol Blart, Clément Cabanetos, Yann Pellegrin, Vincent Rodriguez, Laurent Fontaine, Frédéric Adamietz, Véronique Montembault, Fabrice Odobel, Hind Mahé, Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Unité de chimie organique moléculaire et macromoléculaire (UCO2M), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-07-TCOM-0010,MODPOL,MODulateurs à base de POLymères électro-optiques(2007), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Trimethylsilyl, polymer, 02 engineering and technology, Huisgen reaction, 010402 general chemistry, Engraving, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Etching, Polymer chemistry, General Materials Science, electro-optic, Reactive-ion etching, chemistry.chemical_classification, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, visual_art, nonlinear optic, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Azide, Photolithography, 0210 nano-technology, optical waveguide, cross-linking
Abstract

International audience; High-quality trails of ridge waveguides were successfully fabricated using a new cross-linkable polymer (PCC01) by UV photolithography followed by Reactive-Ion Etching (RIE) process. The cross-linking reaction of PCC01 is based on the copper-free Huisgen cyclo-addition between an azide and an acetylene group. The new cross-linkable polymer (PCC01) consists of a structural modification of the previously described materials (Scarpaci et al. Polym. Chem.2011, 2, 157), because the ethynyl group is functionalized by a methyl group instead of the TMS protecting group. This feature prevents the formation of silica (SiO(2)) generated by trimethylsilyl groups and which was stopping the engraving process before completion. Herein, we describe the synthesis, the NLO characterizations, and the fabrication of a high-quality ridge waveguide with PCC01. The new cross-linkable polymer PCC01 not only solves the problems encountered with our previously described polymers, but also presents an enhancement of the electro-optic stability, because d(33) coefficients up to 30 pm/V stable at 150 °C were recorded.

Published
2011

11. [Untitled]

Author

A. Thiebault, Gerard Froyer, Dominique Bosc, Michel Petit, and Catherine Combellas

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Methacryloyl chloride, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monomer, Materials science, chemistry, Pyridine, Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, Polymer, Methyl methacrylate, Methacrylate, Derivative (chemistry)
Abstract

New methacrylic copolymers with prospective second-order nonlinear optical effects are synthesized by radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with conjugated zwitterionic methacrylate monomers (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-(ω-methacryloyloxyalkyl)-4-pyridino]phenolates,1a and 1b). These monomers are obtained via a multi-step reaction. First, 4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine (2) is electrosynthesized by an SRN1 reaction in liquid ammonia. Then, this pyridine derivative is N-alkylated by an ω-bromoalkyl methacrylate (5a or 5b) which, in its turn, is obtained by esterification of an ω-bromoalcohol and methacryloyl chloride.

Published
1992

12. Free Radical Copolymerization of a-Fluoroacrylates for Optical Materials: Synthesis and Characterization

Author

Fabrice Odobel, Jean-Marc Cracowski, Dominique Bosc, Laurent Fontaine, Bruno Ameduri, Véronique Montembault, Unité de chimie organique moléculaire et macromoléculaire (UCO2M), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique (Hétérochimie organique, organoéléments et matériaux) (LSOHOOM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collaboration informelle avec l'Universite du Maine, ANR-07-TCOM-0010,MODPOL,MODulateurs à base de POLymères électro-optiques(2007), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
optical properties, Thermogravimetric analysis, Polymers and Plastics, 2-trichloroethyl a-fluoroacrylate, Radical polymerization, Analytical chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Reactivity (chemistry), Thermal stability, radical copolymerization, chemistry.chemical_classification, reactivity ratios, refractive index, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Thermal decomposition, thermal properties, 2-trifluoroethyl a-fluoroacrylate, Polymer, radical polymerization, optics, 0104 chemical sciences, kinetics (polym.), copolymerization, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Glass transition
Abstract

International audience; Copolymers based on 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl a-fluoroacrylate (FATRIFE) and 2,2,2-trichlororoethyl a-fluoroacrylate (FATRICE) were synthesized in good yields by radical process initiated by tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylperoxypropanoate. Molar composition of the obtained poly(FATRIFE-co-FATRICE) copolymers were assessed by means of 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reactivity ratios, ri, of both comonomers have been measured to be rFATRIFE ¼ 0.56 0.01 and rFATRICE ¼ 0.11 0.01 at 74 C using the Kelen-Tu¨ dos method. Thermal and optical properties of the resulting polymers were examined. Thermogravimetric analyses showed good thermal stability, thermal decomposition occurring from 300 C to 310 C for all copolymers. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of copolymers varied from 113 C to 127 C, increasing with the molar ratio of FATRICE in the copolymers. The refractive indices were measured at 633, 1320, and 1550 nm, ranging from 1.3750 to 1.4812 at 1550 nm and were found to increase linearly with the chlorine content of the copolymer, allowing a precise control of the refractive index.

Published
2009

13. Strengthened polymethacrylate materials for optical waveguides and integrated functions

Author

F. Henrio, Dominique Bosc, Severine Haesaert, Azar Maalouf, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne

Subjects
Materials science, Yield (engineering), Ridge waveguides, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, PACS: 42.70.Jk, 42.68.Ay, 42.79.Gn, 42.60.Da, 01 natural sciences, Poly methacrylate, Inorganic Chemistry, Resonator, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Glass transition temperature, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, 010302 applied physics, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Polymer, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Poly(methylmethacrylate), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Micro-ring resonators, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Optical losses, 0210 nano-technology, business, Glass transition
Abstract

International audience; We studied the property adjustments of polymers such as PMMA poly(methylmethacrylate) and PMMI poly(methylmethacrylimide) for optical waveguide applications. The standard generic process to yield ridge waveguides requires the PMMA to undergo thermal treatment to avoid worm-like defects. We analysed the occurrence of these defects and found a solution to make the PMMA strengthened to pass the whole process. Then, the optical losses of both the polymers are investigated at two wavelengths and with two methods. Finally, small singlemode ridge waveguides are produced with mode diameters around 3-4 μm and linear optical losses ~1-3 dB/cm at 1550 nm. The index contrast is sufficiently high to perform, for example, wavelength micro-ring resonators based filters.

Published
2008

14. Investigation on optical waveguide realisations based on polymers with large third order non-linear susceptibility

Author

Frederic Henrio, Severine Haesaert, Dominique Bosc, M. Thual, K. Messaad, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, SPIE Europe, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, Optical communication, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Nonlinear optics, Polymer, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Orders of magnitude (numbers), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Third order, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Photolithography, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

conference 6999 « Organic Optoelectronics and Photonics », poster session [6999-67], http://spie.org/x24034.xml; International audience; Conjugated polymer materials have great potential to be suitable candidates for use in all-optical network communications. They possess ultra-fast response times and a large third order non-linearity compared to minerals (third order susceptibility Χ(3) of conjugated polymers can be 4 orders of magnitude larger than that of fused silica). Such large non-linearities would allow the fabrication of compact all-optical devices at low power levels. Here we present the first investigations into the creation of a conjugated polymer single mode optical waveguide based on Poly(3- AlkylThiophene) (P3AT). We first synthesized the P3AT and tried to control the chemical reaction conditions in order to improve polymer solubility in common organic solvents. In parallel, we studied the engineering of P3AT single mode waveguide structures made by photolithography techniques which requires the adjustment of P3AT thermo-mechanical properties. Recently, we have been able to fabricate and measure the parameters of Strip-Loaded and buried waveguides with usual polymers. We intend to adapt these processes to obtain the first P3AT single mode optical waveguide.

Published
2008

15. Chalcogenide waveguide for IR optical range

Author

Michel Lehaitre, Bruno Bureau, Hervé Lhermite, J.L. Doualan, J. Le Person, Joël Charrier, Jean-Pierre Guin, A.-M. Jurdyc, Marie-Laure Anne, Alain Moréac, B. Jacquier, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Patrice Camy, Virginie Nazabal, Chantal Compère, Virginie Moizan, Dominique Bosc, Frederic Henrio, Florent Colas, Petr Nemec, M. Frumar, Jean-Luc Adam, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Groupe matière condensée et matériaux (GMCM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers (CIRIL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAboratoire de Recherche en Mécanique Appliquée (LARMAUR), Service Interfaces et capteurs (IC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents (LPCML), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPIE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFREMER ERT/IC, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University Pardubice, Groupe matière condensée et matériaux ( GMCM ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes ( IETR ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Ions Lasers ( CIRIL ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen ( ENSICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LAboratoire de Recherche en Mécanique Appliquée ( LARMAUR ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON ( FOTON ), Télécom Bretagne-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie ( ENSSAT ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents ( LPCML ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Materials science, Chalcogenide, Doping, Analytical chemistry, Physics::Optics, Chalcogenide glass, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), Pulsed laser deposition, Amorphous solid, 010309 optics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI.NANO ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Dry etching, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Due to remarkable properties of the chalcogenide glasses, especially sulphide glasses, amorphous chalcogenide films should play a motivating role in the development of integrated planar optical circuits and their components. This paper describes the fabrication and properties of optical waveguides of pure and rare earth doped sulphide glass films prepared by two complementary techniques: RF magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The deposition parameters were adjusted to obtain, from sulphide glass targets with a careful control of their purity, layers with appropriate compositional, morphological, structural characteristics and optical properties. These films have been characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray measurements (EDX). Their optical properties were measured thanks to m-lines prism coupling and near field methods. Rib waveguides were produced by dry etching under CF4, CHF3 and SF6 atmosphere. The photo-luminescence of rare earth doped GeGaSbS films were clearly observed in the n-IR spectral domain and the study of their decay lifetime will be presented. First tests were carried out to functionalise the films with the aim of using them as sensor.

Published
2007

16. High refractive index contrast in a photosensitive polymer and waveguide photo-printing demonstration

Author

Philippe Grosso, Severine Haesaert, Dominique Bosc, Imane Assaı̈d, Isabelle Hardy, Bruno Vinouze, Thomas Batte, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Optical waveguide, Polymers, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), 010309 optics, Optics, Index contrast, 0103 physical sciences, Contrast (vision), Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Thin film, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, High-refractive-index polymer, Photo-printing, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, the realisation and performances of a photo-printed waveguide in an intrinsically photosensitive polymer film have been demonstrated. One of the advantages of this technique, is the reduced number of process steps. In this polymer (polyvinylcinnamate), local UV irradiation yields a lowering of refractive index. Using this polymer, the photo-induced index contrast in a film is significantly improved from 1.5 × 10−2 (previous works) up to 2.5 × 10−2 at 1550 nm. This is one of the highest contrast value reported for a photo-printed non-birefringent waveguide. Concerning optical transmission properties, first promising results have been obtained. Optical measurements in the polymer film (0.25 dB/cm at 1550 nm) and in polymer solution (less than 0.2 dB/cm at telecommunication wavelengths) have shown the high potentiality of this material.

Published
2004

17. Improvements of the Poly(vinyl cinnamate) Photoresponse in Order to Induce High Refractive Index Variations

Author

Dominique Bosc, Isabelle Hardy, Imane Assaı̈d, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Département Optique (OPT), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, High-refractive-index polymer, Drop (liquid), Near-infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Wavelength, chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Visible range, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index
Abstract

Publisher: ACS , ISSN 1520-6106; International audience; Under UV irradiation, poly(vinyl cinnamate) (PVCi) films undergo cross-linking due to [2 + 2] photocycloaddition between cinnamoyl groups. Consequently, electronic configuration of lateral polymer groups changes and also leads to the drop of the refractive index in the visible range. This mechanism is studied with regards to the level of the electronic absorption of cinnamate centered at 278 nm. It acts on refractive index by shifting the absorption UV band. Most of the time, this influence vanishes in the near infrared region (NIR). It is due to antagonist phenomena acting at the expense of the index lowering. The causes analysis leads us to optimize the irradiation spectrum, providing higher index contrasts between irradiated and nonirradiated area. We show that strong index changes can be achieved in PVCi film, up to 2.5 × 10-2 even in the NIR, enabling us, for example, to perform optical photoprinting waveguides for telecommunication wavelengths (1300-1550 nm).

Published
2004

18. Synthesis and characterization of polymers for nonlinear optical applications

Author

J. Y. Mevellec, F. Legros, Cyrille Monnereau, Raynald Seveno, Dominique Leduc, Christian Boisrobert, Fabrice Odobel, A. Goullet, R. Le Ny, Dominique Bosc, Vincent Boucher, Stéphanie Legoupy, Véronique Montembault, Julien Cardin, Hartmut Gundel, and Errol Blart

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Comonomer, Poling, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Chromophore, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymerization, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

A difunctional NLO Azo-Dye chromophore has been synthesized and polymerization has been performed with a comonomer bearing a side-chain epoxy group. Deposition of the polymer on glass substrates was performed by spin-coating, resulting in uniform films up to 2 µm thickness. The orientation of the chromophore was performed under a " pin-to-plane " positive corona discharge followed by a heat-treatment in order to obtain reticulation of the films. Molecular orientation has been investigated using UV-Vis. and Raman spectroscopy. Poling of the films results in a decay of absorbency as well as in a blue shift of the spectrum. At the same time, the 1600 cm-1 band disappears from the Raman spectra, indicating orientation of the chromophores. Cross-linking has been studied by FTIR and all-optical poling and showed an improved stability of the electro-optic thin films.

Published
2003

19. Design and synthesis of low refractive index polymers for modulation in optical waveguides

Author

Pierre Benech, Alain Morand, Smail Tedjini, Dominique Bosc, A. Rousseau, CNET [Lannion] (CNET), CNET, Laboratoire d'électromagnétisme Microondes et optoélectronique (LEMO ), and Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Copolymer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Glass waveguide, Monomer, chemistry, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Phase modulation, Refractive index
Abstract

Design and synthesis of new electro-optic polymers are presented. These polymers have specific refractive index as low as the index of glass ion-exchange waveguides. With these materials, a novel hybrid structure can be designed for optical modulation in passive waveguide. The low index is obtained by copolymerization of an electro-optic monomer and two fluorinated comonomers. The result is a copolymer with an index close to 1.50, high electro-optic coefficient and good technical properties.

Published
1999

20. Glass electro-optic polymer structure for light modulation and switching

Author

Alain Morand, Ted Jini Smail, Anh Ho-Quoc, Pierre Benech, Dominique Bosc, and Bertrand Loisel

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, business.industry, Polymer, Optical switch, Electro-optics, law.invention, Optics, Optical modulator, chemistry, Modulation, law, Thin film, business, Waveguide, Refractive index
Abstract

A novel hybrid structure for optical modulation and switching is presented. It consists of a thin film of electro-optic polymer spin-coated on passive waveguide made by ion exchange on glass substrate. Two structures corresponding to weak guiding and strong guiding conditions are considered. Design issues and modulation performances are studied for the two structures. Low half-wave voltages less than 10 volts are expected for an interaction length of 1 cm provided the electro-optic coefficient of the nonlinear polymer is 10 pm/V.

Published
1998

21. FDTD simulation of 30 [micro sign]m diameter polymer micro-ring

Author

Patrice Feron, Dominique Bosc, M. Boustimi, P. Guignard, Carole Arnaud, and Philippe Grosso

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Computer simulation, business.industry, Finite-difference time-domain method, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Waveguide coupling, Filter (large eddy simulation), 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract

Numerical results on polymer surrounded by an air micro-ring coupled to waveguides are presented. The FDTD method predicts a filter width of 1.4 nm and an extraction efficiency of almost 80% for a gap of 0.15 µm.

Published
2003

22. Temperature and polarisation insensitive Bragg gratings realised on silica waveguide on silicon

Author

F. Legall, Alain Rolland, Nicole Devoldère, M. Moisan, Bertrand Loisel, and Dominique Bosc

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Temperature sensitivity, Silicon, business.industry, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Polymer, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Optics, Planar, Si substrate, chemistry, law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Waveguide, Diffraction grating
Abstract

A new technique based on the use of polymer to drastically decrease the temperature sensitivity of Bragg gratings realised on planar silica waveguides deposited on silicon is proposed. Moreover, this technique suppresses the polarisation dependence of the Bragg filters.

Published
1997

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