50 results on '"Galinsoga parviflora"'
Search Results
2. Proximate and phytochemical composition of selected indigenous leafy vegetables consumed in Malawi
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Kingsley Masamba and Lesten Eliez Chisomo Chatepa
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Marketing ,0303 health sciences ,Economics and Econometrics ,biology ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,General Chemical Engineering ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Amaranth ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Proximate ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Toxicology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Human nutrition ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Dry weight ,Bidens pilosa ,General Materials Science ,Composition (visual arts) - Abstract
Indigenous vegetables are very important in nutritional wellbeing of low resource rural communities especially in developing countries. Most indigenous vegetables are also believed to contain health promoting compounds such as antioxidants. In this study, nutrient composition of three commonly consumed indigenous leafy vegetables in Malawi namely Amaranth (Amaranthus species), Black jack (Bidens pilosa) and Mwamuna aligone/gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora) was determined. Results showed that crude protein expressed on dry weight basis ranged from 15.83±0.19 to 19.04±0.33 with B. pilosa registering the highest value and G. parviflora the lowest. Results on mineral content showed that G. parviflora had the highest (18.84±0.40% DW) p
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- 2020
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3. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-CYTOTOXIC AND ANTICANCER EFFECTS OF GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA AND VERNONIA POLYANTHES (ASTERACEAE) EXTRACTS
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Jessica R. P. Oliveira, Sula M. V. Feleti, Suiany Vitorino Gervásio, Renê L. Aleluia, Maria do Carmo Pimentel Batitucci, Claudia Mashrouah Jamal, Jean Carlos Vencioneck Dutra, Beatriz Gonçalves Brasileiro, Rita de Cássia Ribeiro Gonçalves, and Ricardo Machado Kuster
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Galinsoga parviflora ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Sesquiterpene ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Phytochemical ,medicine ,MTT assay ,Phenols ,Cytotoxicity ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
The study was designed to investigate the chemical composition and the biological effects of G. parviflora and V. polyanthes ethanolic extracts in vitro. Total content of phenols, flavonoids and tannins was quantified by spectrophotometry; chemical characterization was permed by mass spectrometry (ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and APCI (+) FT-ICR MS analysis). Antioxidant activities were determined by FRAP and Fe2+ chelating methods. Extracts cytotoxicity was evaluated in human lymphocytes, sarcoma-180 (S-180) and human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, by MTT assay. V. polyanthes presented higher total content of tannins and G. parviflora presented higher amount of phenols and flavonoids. Chemical characterization showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in V. polyanthes extract, and steroids, phenolic acids and fatty acids (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids - PUFA) in G. parviflora extract. V. polyanthes extract stood out in the Fe2+ chelation test. G. parviflora extract did not present outstanding antioxidant results in the tested protocols. Both species showed a tendency to promote cytotoxicity in human lymphocyte cells. Regarding the antiproliferative effect, both species were able to reduce S-180 cell viability and G. parviflora extract showed high antiproliferative potential in the assay with AGS cells. These findings reinforce the medicinal use of these plants, as well as suggest their potential use for the development of new drugs and for the treatment of cancers.
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- 2020
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4. Distribuição de espécies de ferro e proteínas em plantas alimentícias não convencionais
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Juliana Naozuka and Aline Pereira de Oliveira
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Especiação ,Soluble iron ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Speciation ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Portulaca ,Fe-proteínas ,Fe-proteins ,Ferro solúvel ,TX341-641 ,Ferro inorgânico ,Food science ,Volume concentration ,media_common ,Inorganic iron ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemistry ,Unconventional food plants ,Proteins ,Nutritional information ,biology.organism_classification ,Commelina benghalensis ,Bioavailability ,Plantas alimentícias não convencionais ,Proteínas ,Pereskia aculeata ,Food Science - Abstract
The sustainable food valorization is capable to stimulate the local products consumption with quality and nutritional security. In this scenario, Unconventional Food Plants (UFPs) deserve attention representing an alternative for rural communities and contributing to the local and regional economy. This work aimed to add nutritional information, once it evaluates total Fe concentration, Fe-species (water soluble, acid soluble, and inorganic), proteins, and Fe- proteins distribution in beldroega (Portulaca oleracea L.), guasca (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.), ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.), piracá (Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.), and trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.). Considering the Fe total concentration, the studied UPFs can be excellent Fe sources, when compared to foods of plant origin widely consumed and cultivated, detaching the guasca leaves (687±19 µg g-1). However, the guasca leaves showed low concentration of Fe associated to macromolecules and Fe soluble species (1.6±0.3 µg g-1). These results may justify the low bioavailability of Fe species. On the other hand, beldroega leaves presented the highest concentration of inorganic Fe (1.3±0.2 µg g-1). In the UFPs, there is high glutelins concentration when compared to the other protein groups, meaning that UFPs can be low-cost alternative to supplementing protein intake. Finally, for majority UFPs, except guasca leaves, Fe is mainly associated to albumins, being a good source of bioavailable Fe species. Resumo A valorização de alimentos sustentáveis é capaz de estimular o consumo de produtos locais com qualidade e segurança nutricional. Nesse cenário, as plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANCs) merecem destaque, representando uma alternativa para as comunidades rurais e contribuindo para a economia local e regional. Este trabalho visa agregar informações nutricionais através da avaliação da concentração total de Fe, espécies de Fe (solúvel em água, solúvel em ácido e inorgânico) e proteínas, e da distribuição de Fe associado às proteínas em beldroega (Portulaca oleracea L.), guasca (Galinsoga parviflora), ora-pro-nóbis (Pereskia aculeata), piracá (Vernonia scorpioides) e trapoeraba (Commelina benghalensis L.). Considerando-se a concentração total de Fe, as PANCs podem ser uma excelente fonte de Fe, quando comparadas aos alimentos de origem vegetal comumente consumidos e cultivados, destacando-se as folhas de guasca (687±19 µg g-1). Entretanto, as folhas de guasca mostraram baixa concentração de Fe associado a macromoléculas (como proteínas) e espécies solúveis em água (1,6±0,3 µg g-1). Esses resultados podem justificar a baixa biodisponibilidade das espécies de Fe. Por outro lado, as folhas de beldroega apresentaram a maior concentração de Fe inorgânico (1,3±0,2 µg g-1). Nas PANCs, existe alta concentração de glutelínas, quando comparadas às concentrações dos outros grupos proteicos, significando que as PANCs podem ser uma alternativa de baixo custo para suplementar a ingestão de proteínas. Portanto, para a maioria das PANCs, exceto folhas de guasca, o Fe está principalmente associado às albuminas, sendo uma boa fonte de espécies de Fe biodisponível.
- Published
- 2021
5. Effects of mutual grafting on cadmium accumulation characteristics of first post-generations of Bidens pilosa L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav
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Lijin Lin, Xun Wang, Hui Xia, Yi Tang, Jin Wang, Dong Liang, Li Hongyan, Xiulan Lv, Wei Jiang, Wei Ren, and Ming’an Liao
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Photosynthetic pigment ,Asteraceae ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hyperaccumulator ,Biomass ,Bidens ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Grafting ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Phytoremediation ,Horticulture ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,surgical procedures, operative ,chemistry ,Shoot ,Bidens pilosa ,Rootstock ,Cadmium - Abstract
We studied the effects of mutual grafting on cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics on the first post-generations of the Cd-hyperaccumulator plants Bidens pilosa L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. The seeds from scions and rootstocks of B. pilosa and G. parviflora were collected and planted in Cd-contaminated soil in pot and field experiments. In the pot experiment, rootstock treatment increased the shoot biomass of B. pilosa post-grafting generations, compared with ungrafted B. pilosa, but decreased the Cd content in shoots and Cd extraction by shoots of post-grafting generations; scion treatment decreased or had no significant effect. Mutual grafting resulted in no significant differences to the photosynthetic pigment contents in B. pilosa post-grafting generations. Compared with ungrafted G. parviflora, scion treatment increased the shoot biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, and Cd extraction by shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations, but rootstock treatment did not lead to significant differences. Mutual grafting resulted in no significant differences to the Cd contents in shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations. In the field experiment, only rootstock treatment increased the shoot biomass of B. pilosa post-grafting generations, and only scion treatment increased the shoot biomass and the Cd extraction by shoots of G. parviflora post-grafting generations. Therefore, mutual grafting of scions may enhance the phytoremediation ability of G. parviflora first post-grafting generations.
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- 2019
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6. Effects of different rootstocks on cadmium accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generations of Galinsoga parviflora
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Dong Liang, Qunxian Deng, Lijin Lin, Wei Ren, Jin Wang, Yi Tang, Hui Xia, Wang Yanan, Ming’an Liao, Xiulan Lv, Huifen Zhang, Cheng Chen, and Fenqin Zhang
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inorganic chemicals ,0106 biological sciences ,Cadmium ,biology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Galinsoga ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Grafting ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hyperaccumulator ,Rootstock ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different rootstocks on the cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of the post-grafting generations of Cd-hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parvif...
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- 2019
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7. Intercropping with hyperaccumulator plants decreases the cadmium accumulation in grape seedlings
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Zhang Zijing, Xiulan Lv, Dong Liang, Rongping Hu, Jin Wang, Wei Ren, Yi Tang, Xun Wang, Hui Xia, Lijin Lin, and Ming’an Liao
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Cadmium ,biology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Intercropping ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Solanum nigrum ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Phytoremediation ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Hyperaccumulator ,Sigesbeckia orientalis ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this experiment, four cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator species (Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga parviflora, Sigesbeckia orientalis, and Solanum nigrum) were intercropped with grape (Vitis vi...
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- 2019
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8. Melatonin affects the growth and cadmium accumulation of Malachium aquaticum and Galinsoga parviflora
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Huanxiu Li, Yongdong Xie, Jing Zhang, Lijin Lin, Zhongqun He, Ming’an Liao, Tu Lihua, Hui Xia, Sun Guochao, Zhihui Wang, Huang Zhi, Dong Liang, Liu Zejing, Xun Wang, Yi Tang, and Liu Ji
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0106 biological sciences ,Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,Photosynthetic pigment ,010501 environmental sciences ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botany ,medicine ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hyperaccumulator ,Melatonin ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cadmium ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Enzyme assay ,Phytoremediation ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Shoot ,biology.protein ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Phytoremediation technology has become one of the main techniques for remediating soils polluted by heavy metals because it does not damage the environment, but heavy metal-tolerant plants have the disadvantages of low biomass and slow growth. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of melatonin (Mel) on growth and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the Cd accumulator Malachium aquaticum and hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parviflora by spraying different concentrations of Mel on them. The results showed that shoot biomass, photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzyme activity were increased in both species after Mel was sprayed on their leaves. Mel reduced the Cd content in shoots of M. aquaticum and increased it in those of G. parviflora. In general, Cd accumulation was greatest in M. aquaticum when Mel was 200 μmol L-1 (120.71 μg plant-1, increased by 15.97% than control) and in G. parviflora when Mel was 100 μmol L-1 (132.40 μg plant-1, increased by 68.30% than control). Our results suggest it is feasible to improve the remediation efficiency of lightly Cd-contaminated soil by spraying G. parviflora with100 μmol L-1 Mel.
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- 2018
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9. High efficacy of (Z)-γ-bisabolene from the essential oil of Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae) as larvicide and oviposition deterrent against six mosquito vectors
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Shine Kadaikunnan, Baskaralingam Vaseeharan, Jamal M. Khaled, Filippo Maggi, Mohammed N. Al-anbr, Sami AlYahya, Giovanni Benelli, Naiyf S. Alharbi, and Marimuthu Govindarajan
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0301 basic medicine ,Insecticides ,Veterinary medicine ,food.ingredient ,Oviposition ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,030231 tropical medicine ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Mosquito Vectors ,Asteraceae ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,law ,Oils, Volatile ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Larvicide ,Essential oil ,Larva ,biology ,General Medicine ,South America ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Acute toxicity ,chemistry ,Herb ,Instar ,Female ,Bisabolene ,Sesquiterpenes - Abstract
The eco-friendly management of mosquitoes with novel and effective larvicides and oviposition deterrents is a crucial challenge to prevent outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases. However, most of the herbal formulations tested in these years showed LC50 values higher of 40 ppm, and significant oviposition deterrent activity only when tested at relatively higher doses (> 50 μg/ml). Herein, we studied the chemical composition of the Galinsoga parviflora essential oil (EO). This plant is an annual herb native to South America naturalized all over the world. We tested the EO larvicidal and oviposition deterrent action on 6 mosquito species. Totally 37 compounds were identified in the EO of G. parviflora by GC and GC-MS analyses. The major constituent was (Z)-γ-bisabolene (38.9%). The G. parviflora EO and (Z)-γ-bisabolene showed acute toxicity on An. stephensi (LC50 = 31.04 and 2.04 μg/ml, respectively), Ae. aegypti (LC50 = 34.22 and 2.26 μg/ml, respectively), Cx. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 37.10 and 2.47 μg/ml, respectively), An. subpictus (LC50 = 40.97 and 4.09 μg/ml, respectively), Ae. albopictus (LC50 = 45.55 and 4.50 μg/ml, respectively) and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (LC50 = 49.56 and 4.87 μg/ml, respectively) larvae. Furthermore, the oviposition deterrent potential of the G. parviflora EO and (Z)-γ-bisabolene was studied on six mosquito vectors, showing that 25 μg/ml of (Z)-γ-bisabolene led to an Oviposition Activity Index lower of − 0.79 in all tested mosquito vectors. Overall, all larvicidal LC50 values estimated for (Z)-γ-bisabolene were lower than 5 μg/ml. This result far encompasses current evidences of toxicity reported for the large majority of botanical products currently tested against mosquito young instars, allowing us to propose this compound as an highly effective mosquito larvicide and oviposition deterrent.
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- 2018
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10. Ecotoxicological effects of new C-substituted derivatives of N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate) and their preliminary evaluation towards herbicidal application in agriculture
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Dariusz Cal, Jarosław Lewkowski, Piotr Rychter, and Diana Rogacz
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food.ingredient ,Avena ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Galinsoga parviflora ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Glycine ,Raphanus ,Plant Weeds ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Ecotoxicology ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Crustacea ,Toxicity Tests ,Animals ,Aliivibrio fischeri ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,biology ,Herbicides ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Agriculture ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Aminophosphonate ,Glyphosate ,Phytotoxicity ,Weed - Abstract
In this paper, comparison of ecotoxicological and herbicidal effect of newly synthesized N‑[(phosphono)(aryl)methyl]glycines 1a-g (C-substituted glyphosate derivatives) with pure glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) (2) was demonstrated. All of tested glyphosate derivatives (1a-g) in contrast to glyphosate, were found to be completely safe for oat (Avena sativa) and classified as not harmful for marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri. Compounds 1a-g were also found rather harmless to radish (Raphanus sativus) as compared to N-phosphonomethylglycine, but they were moderately toxic against freshwater crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens. One of synthesized compounds, namely N-[(phosphono)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]glycine (1f) was found to possess stronger herbicidal properties against gallant soldier (Galinsoga parviflora) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) when compared to pure glyphosate and demonstrated total death of these weeds being ranked 1 in the European Weed Research Council (EWRC) scale. Considering lower phytotoxicity of compound 1f against cultivated plants and tested microorganisms when compared to pure glyphosate, this aminophosphonate may be good candidate for further, more comprehensive study toward its agrochemical application, especially that this active agent demonstrated much stronger herbicidal properties than N-phosphonomethylglycine.
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- 2019
11. Catalytic degradation of methylene blue by iron nanoparticles synthesized using Galinsoga parviflora, Conyza bonariensis and Bidens pilosa leaf extracts
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Edwin S. Madivoli, Augustine Otieno Nyabola, Patrick Kareru, Ernest G. Maina, David Sujee Makhanu, and Sammy Indire Wanakai
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Aqueous solution ,biology ,General Chemical Engineering ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Flavonoid ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rutin ,Dry weight ,chemistry ,Phytochemical ,Bidens pilosa ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Materials Science ,Methylene blue ,General Environmental Science ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Green synthesized metallic nanoparticles are environmentally friendly, bio-compatible, and highly stable. The aim of this study was to synthesize iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) from FeCl3 solution using aqueous leaf extracts of Galinsoga parviflora (Gp), Conyza bonariensis (Cb) and Bidens pilosa (Bp) and use them in degradation of methylene blue dye. The iron nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR spectrophotometer, X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Phytochemical screening for presence of secondary metabolites revealed presence of phenolics, phytosterols and flavonoids. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in Galinsoga parviflora, Conyza bonariensis and Bidens pilosa leaf extracts were 57.67 ± 1.27, 117.13 ± 0.03, 126.27 ± 0.013 mg Gallic Equivalent/g of Dry Weight (mg GAE/g DW) and 39.00 ± 0.56, 45.50 ± 0.59, 33.13 ± 0.81 mg Rutin Equivalent/g of Dry Weight (mg RE/g DW) respectively. The UV–Vis spectrum of FeCl3 had a shoulder at 320 nm, which disappeared upon addition of G. parviflora, C. bonariensis and B. pilosa extracts confirming formation of iron nanoparticles. Evaluation of iron content of the synthesized nanoparticles revealed that the iron content in G. parviflora, C. bonariensis and B. pilosa extracts was 51, 47 and 44% respectively. XRD data revealed presence of a large amorphous coating that masked iron peaks, though 2 theta values observed have been reported to be of iron oxides. Methylene blue degradation studies revealed that CbNPs, BpNPs and GpNPs synthesized were good biocatalysts as they degraded the dye by 86, 84.3 and 92% respectively. Therefore, green synthesized iron nanoparticles is cost effective and environmentally safe in providing insight in the environmental removal of dyes.
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- 2019
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12. New antimicrobial compounds produced by Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., isolated from Galinsoga parviflora as potential inhibitors of FtsZ
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Meng-Yue Zhang, Yi-Xuan Zhang, Juan Cheng, Tian-Yuan Zhang, Blessings Dube, Hui-Jia Yu, and Ying-Ying Wu
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0301 basic medicine ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Galinsoga parviflora ,lcsh:Medicine ,Drug development ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Asteraceae ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Bacterial Proteins ,Species Specificity ,medicine ,Spectral analysis ,lcsh:Science ,FtsZ ,Phylogeny ,Soil Microbiology ,Rhizosphere ,Multidisciplinary ,Molecular Structure ,Strain (chemistry) ,biology ,Pharmaceutics ,Chemistry ,lcsh:R ,Fungi ,Temperature ,Antimicrobial ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Cytoskeletal Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,Fermentation ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,Antibacterial activity ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Protein Binding - Abstract
A total amount of 116 fungal strains, belonging to 30 genera, were acquired from the rhizosphere soil and plant of Galinsoga parviflora. A strain SYPF 7336, isolated from the rhizospheric soil, was identified as Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., by morphological and molecular analyses, which displayed high antibacterial activity. In order to study the secondary metabolites of Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., nine compounds were successfully seperated from the strain fermentation broth, including two new compounds and seven known compounds. Their structures were elucidated based on spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR. All the seperated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Compounds 2, 5 and 1 displayed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 25, 32 and 75 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, morphological observation showed the coccoid cells of S. aureus to be swollen to a volume of 1.4 to 1.7-fold after treatment with compounds 1, 2 and 5, respectively. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate interactions of filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) with compounds 1, 2 and 5.
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- 2019
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13. Effects of hyperaccumulator plant straw on biomass and cadmium accumulation of lettuce
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Yi Tang, Qiaoman Ao, Ran Zhang, Le Liang, Yan Zhao, and Ying Zhu
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lcsh:GE1-350 ,Cadmium ,biology ,Chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Biomass ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Lactuca ,Solanum nigrum ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Bidens pilosa ,Hyperaccumulator ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
To study the effects of hyper-accumulator plant straw on the biomass and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), the pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of straw application of three hyper-accumulator plants (Solanum nigrum, Bidens pilosa and Galinsoga parviflora) on the biomass and Cd accumulation of lettuce under Cd stress. The results show that: compared with no straw application, the biomass of lettuce was increased after applying three kinds of hyper-accumulator plant straw: S. nigrum, B. pilosa and G. parviflora, Cd content in the above ground part of lettuce was increased by 4.46%, 1.20% and 0.63% respectively, compared with that of non-application, and Cd content in the root of lettuce was decreased. The application of three kinds of hyperaccumulator plant straw promoted the growth of lettuce and increased Cd uptake by lettuce of aerial part.
- Published
- 2019
14. EFFECT OF THE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS, TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM HALIDE ON RUMEX ACETOSA L., CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. AND GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA CAV.: INHIBITION OF GROWTH AND CHANGES IN ASSIMILATION PIGMENTS CONTENT IN PLANTS
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Barbara Pawłowska and Robert Biczak
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Biological pigment ,Tetraethylammonium ,biology ,Chenopodium ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Halide ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pigment ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Botany ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Ammonium ,Phytotoxicity - Published
- 2016
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15. African spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) as biofumigant against weeds during Turfgrass (Paspalum notatum) establishment
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Grace O. Chongori, Mariam Mwangi, and Samuel Nyalala
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Lawn ,Galinsoga ciliata ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Cleome gynandra ,Dazomet ,Bidens pilosa ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Weed ,Paspalum notatum ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Weeds are the most common pests, which interfere with turfgrass establishment and uniformity lowering functional and aesthetic quality of lawns. Killing weed seeds or suppressing their germination is necessary before establishing new lawn to prevent weeds from gaining a foothold hence, giving turfgrass a competitive advantage. A field study was conducted at Bukura Agricultural College, Kenya, to explore the potential of biofumigation with African spider plant (Cleome gynandra) as an environmentally friendly alternative to use of synthetic herbicides for establishment of weed-free Paspalum notatum turfgrass. Biofumigation with chopped C. gynandra plants at flowering stage, incorporated into the soil at the rates of 4, 6 and 8 kg m-2, respectively, and was compared with Basamid® (97% Dazomet) at 0.029 kg m-2 and untreated negative control in a randomized complete block design experiment. C. gynandra at rates of 6 or 8 kg m-2 was as effective as Basamid® at 0.029 kg m-2 in significantly suppressing Galinsoga parviflora, Galinsoga ciliata and Bidens pilosa weed populations and reducing weed infestation. Other weed species occurred in the experimental plots in insignificant populations. The results of this study demonstrated that C. gynandra has potential for use as a biofumigant against weeds during lawn establishment. Key words: Cleome gynandra, biofumigation, environmentally friendly, weeds, herbicides, lawn.
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- 2016
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16. Caffeic acid derivatives isolated from the aerial parts of Galinsoga parviflora and their effect on inhibiting oxidative burst in human neutrophils
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Anna K. Kiss, Łukasz Dudkowski, Marta K. Dudek, Sławomir Kaźmierski, and Agnieszka Bazylko
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Glucaric Acid ,0104 chemical sciences ,Respiratory burst ,Solvent ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Caffeic acid ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Four new caffeoyl -glucaric and -altraric acid derivatives along with eleven known compounds were isolated from aerial parts of Galinsonga parviflora. Their structures were elucidated by high-resolution spectroscopic studies. The four new compounds were determined as being 2,3,4,5-tetracaffeoylglucaric acid (1), 2,4,5-tricaffeoylglucaric acid (2), 2,3,4- or 3,4,5-tricaffeoylaltraric acid (3) and 2,3(4,5)-dicaffeoylaltraric acid (4). A reliable criterion for the determination of the linkage position of caffeic acids moieties in glucaric acid derivatives has been proposed, on the basis of detailed analysis of the respective J-couplings, including substitution and solvent influence on the observed values. All hexaric acids derivatives appeared as inhibitors of reactive oxygen species production by stimulated neutrophils.
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- 2016
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17. Effects of intercropping with Youngia erythrocarpa, Conyza canadens and Mazus japonicus on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Galinsoga parviflora under cadmium stress
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Zhouyang Jiu, Yunmin Huan, Huixuan Zhou, Haoran Zhang, Yong Huang, and Ming’an Liao
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Cadmium ,biology ,chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Botany ,Mazus japonicus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Intercropping ,biology.organism_classification ,Youngia erythrocarpa - Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping with Youngia erythrocarpa, Conyza canadens and Mazus japonicus on physiological and biochemical characteristics of hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parviflora under cadmium (Cd) stress. The results showed that intercropping with Y. erythrocarpa (GIY), C. canadens (GIC) and M. japonicus (GIM) all increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), peroxidase (CAT) activity and the soluble protein content of G. parviflora compared with monoculture (MG), the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid) content and chlorophyll a/b of G. parviflora increased after intercropping, too. Among all treatments, GIC had the highest antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble protein content and photosynthetic pigment content. As for photosynthetic characteristics, GIC had the highest net photosynthetic rate (Pn), followed by GIY, GIM and MG. Compared with MG, the stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of GIC and GIM all increased significantly while that of GIC had no significant change, moreover, GIC had significantly lower CO2 concentration of intercellular (Ci) than other treatments, there was no significant difference in value of pressure deficit leaf (Vpdl) among all treatments. Therefore, under Cd stress, intercropping with C. canadens can improve the antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic capacity of G. parviflora to the greatest extent, which was conducive to its remediation of Cd contaminated soil.
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- 2020
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18. Impact of effective microorganisms on weed infestation and yield of peppermint cultivated on muck-peat soil
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Magdalena Kapłan, Andrzej Borowy, and Marcela Krawiec
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Poa pratensis ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Population ,Galinsoga ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:S1-972 ,food.food ,Horticulture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,fresh and dry herb ,food ,chemistry ,Stellaria media ,Poa annua ,essential oil content and composition ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Weed ,Menthyl acetate ,education ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Peppermint (Mentha ×piperita L.) rootstock cuttings with 9–11 internodes were planted on April 10, 2014 in rows 50 cm apart and with 25-cm distance in the row, on well fertilized muck-peat soil containing 82.1% of organic matter with a pH of 5.9. Peppermint plants were sprayed once with an activated EM-1 preparation, then on two or three further occasions as follows: at 10 cm height (May 10), at branching stage (May 29), and during rapid growth (June 19). EM did not affect peppermint growth or yield. Yields of the fresh and dry herb were high (means: 15,563 and 2,661 kg ha−1, respectively) and characterized by a medium (1.85–1.90%) essential oil content in the dry herb. Twenty-nine compounds were identified in the oil and its main components were menthol (53.1–58.5%), menthone (14.6–16.8%), isomenthone (6.3–6.7%), menthyl acetate (4.0–5.0%), germacrene D (2.3–3.4%), ß-caryophyllene (1.8–2.4%), viridiflorol (1.5–2.3%), and 1,8-cyneole (0.3–3.7%). EM did not affect the content of essential oil in the dry herb or the oil composition (except for 1,8-cyneole). Thirty-four days after planting, 22 weed species grew in the experimental plots and the dominant were common meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) accounting for 20% of total weed population, annual meadow grass (Poa annua L.) 17%, common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] 20%, creeping yellowcress [Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser] 8%, hairy galinsoga [Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S. F. Blake] 7%, gallant soldiers (Galinsoga parviflora Cav.) 6%, Canadian horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.] 6%, common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) 5%, and annual nettle (Urtica urens L.) 5%. Other species occurred sporadically. The total number and fresh weight of weeds growing on 1 m2 were 412 and 246 g on plots treated with EM and 389 and 227 g on control plots, respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant.
- Published
- 2018
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19. Effects of Intercropping with Post-Grafting Generation of Galinsoga parviflora on Photosynthesis of Lettuce under Cadmium Stress
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Ming’an Liao, Lijin Lin, and Huang Kewen
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Cadmium ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,biology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Intercropping ,biology.organism_classification ,Photosynthesis ,Grafting - Published
- 2018
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20. Effects of Lettuce Intercropping with Post-Grafting Generation of Galinsoga parviflora on Soil Enzymes Activity under Cadmium Stress
- Author
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Lijin Lin, Ming’an Liao, and Huang Kewen
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Horticulture ,Cadmium ,Enzyme ,biology ,Chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Intercropping ,Grafting ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2018
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21. Effects of Intercropping with Post-Grafting Generation of Two Ecotypes of Galinsoga parviflora on Nutrient Uptake of Lactuca sativa under Cadmium Stress
- Author
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Wanwan Xue, Ming’an Liao, Lijin Lin, and Li Keqiang
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Cadmium ,Horticulture ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Ecotype ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Lactuca ,Intercropping ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Grafting - Published
- 2018
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22. Anti-inflammatory Activity and Phytochemical Profile of Galinsoga Parviflora Cav
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Karolina Grabowska, Janusz Witowski, Joanna Łuczak, Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka, Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek, Rafał Rutkowski, Wiesława Bylka, Natasza Czepulis, Katarzyna Korybalska, and Marlena Dudek-Makuch
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,antioxidant ,endothelium ,medicine.drug_class ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Pharmaceutical Science ,gallant soldier ,01 natural sciences ,Anti-inflammatory ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Chlorogenic acid ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,polyphenols ,anti-inflammatory ,IL-6 ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,030104 developmental biology ,Phytochemical ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Polyphenol ,Molecular Medicine ,anti-hyaluronidase activity ,Kaempferol ,Quercetin - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a hydroalcoholic extract from Galinsoga parviflora herb (GP) in some aspects of the endothelial cell function necessary for anti-inflammatory activity and wound healing and relate these to the GP phytochemical profile. This study demonstrated that the GP extract caused a dose-dependent reduction of IL-6 secretion on IL-1&beta, stimulated endothelial cells. The IL-6 release was decreased to 33% ±, 9% while this did not influence the IL-6 secretion without stimulation. Additionally, the GP extract exhibited an anti-hyaluronidase activity (IC50 = 0.47 mg/mL), which was evidently stronger than the positive control kaempferol (IC50 = 0.78 mg/mL) as well as a moderate and concentration-dependent, antioxidant activity. The results of the scratch assay showed that exposure of the endothelial cells to GP induced complete healing of the damage after 12 h of the study. The phytochemical profile of the extract was studied by using spectrophotometric (total amount of polyphenols and flavonoids) and UPLC (phenolic acids) methods. The main compound in the GP extract was a chlorogenic acid (2.00 ±, 0.01 mg/g by UPLC). The total content of polyphenols was 98.30 ±, 0.14 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g of the dry herb and content of flavonoids amounted to 6.15 ±, 0.41 mg quercetin equivalent/g of the dry herb. Moreover, the presence of flavonoids in G. parviflora was provided after their isolation and identification by spectroscopic methods. In conclusion, it demonstrated that application of GP in the treatment of skin lesions gives possibility of wound healing based on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hyaluronidase-inhibiting activities of G. parviflora herb extract.
- Published
- 2018
23. Effects of applying hyperaccumulator straw in soil on growth and cadmium accumulation ofGalinsoga parviflora
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Xiulan Lv, Jin Wang, Lijin Lin, Dong Liang, Chunyang Liu, Hui Xia, Ming’an Liao, and Zhang Xiao
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Environmental Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Galinsoga parviflora ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Soil pH ,Botany ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hyperaccumulator ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Phytoremediation ,chemistry ,Shoot ,Bidens pilosa - Abstract
The effects of application of the straw of cadmium accumulating species (Youngia erythrocarpa (cadmium hyperaccumulator), Bidens pilosa (cadmium hyperaccumulator), Solanum photeinocarpum (potential cadmium hyperaccumulator), and Siegesbeckia orientalis (cadmium accumulator)) in cadmium contaminated soil on the growth and cadmium accumulation of Galinsoga parviflora were studied. The root biomass, stem biomass, shoot biomass, total biomass, and the antioxidant enzyme activity of G. parviflora were increased by application of the straw of Y. erythrocarpa. The straw of Y. erythrocarpa, S. orientalis, and B. pilosa reduced soil pH, increased the soil exchangeable Cd concentration, and increased the Cd contents in stems, leaves, and shoots of G. parviflora compared with the control. The straw of Y. erythrocarpa and B. pilosa increased the Cd extraction amount in stems, leaves, shoots and the whole plant of G. parviflora compared with the control, with the effect of Y. erythrocarpa higher than that of B. pilosa. Therefore, the straw of Y. erythrocarpa and B. pilosa improved the Cd extraction ability of G. parviflora from cadmium-contaminated soil, and the straw of Y. erythrocarpa demonstrated to be the best material. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2015
- Published
- 2015
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24. Effects of plant extract antioxidative phenolic compounds on energetic status and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells undergoing oxidative stress
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Irena Matławska, Andonis Karachitos, Grzegorz Bartosz, Hanna Kmita, Małgorzata Wojcińska, Justyna Chanaj-Kaczmarek, and Michał Wysocki
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Cell viability ,Antioxidant ,Status of energy coupling ,Protein Carbonylation ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,medicine.disease_cause ,Superoxide dismutase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,TX341-641 ,Viability assay ,Fumaria officinalis ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,ABTS ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,biology.organism_classification ,Yeast ,Phenolic compounds ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Oxidative stress ,Food Science - Abstract
Galinsoga parviflora Cav. and Fumaria officinalis L. are well known to have many therapeutic applications based also on their antioxidant activity. Because the antioxidative potential of plant materials is related to the presence of phenolic compounds, we determined their content in both herb extracts. Then the antioxidant potency of the extracts was estimated by measuring ABTS scavenging activity and by Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell assays, including the estimation of viability, respiration coupling and protein carbonylation for the yeast Δsod1 mutant. This mutant undergoes oxidative stress because of the depletion of the superoxide dismutase form encoded by the SOD1 gene (CuZnSOD). We demonstrated that the antioxidative activities of G. parviflora and F. officinalis extracts coincide with the content of phenolic compounds, namely, phenolic acids. Moreover, we observed a relationship between the extract activities and their effects on the Δsod1 cell status of energy coupling and protein carbonylation, as well as cell viability. These findings provide new data regarding the mechanism of antioxidative activity of plant phenolic compounds and the potential of the studied herb for application as a functional food ingredient.
- Published
- 2015
25. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Galinsoga parviflora and Galinsoga ciliata. Investigations of caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids by HPTLC and HPLC-DAD-MS methods
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Agnieszka Bazylko, Karolina Boruc, Anna K. Kiss, and Joanna Borzym
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Chromatography ,biology ,Silica gel ,Formic acid ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Diol ,Galinsoga ,Galinsoga ciliata ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Caffeic acid ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Galinsoga ciliata Raf. Blake like Galinsoga parviflora Cav., comes from the Andes region. The chemical composition, activity and use are similar for both species. Galinsoga species are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory agents and accelerators for wound healing. Extracts are applied topically onto the skin to treat dermatological diseases, eczemas, lichens and hard-healing-wounds, and also to treat snakebites. Orally they used to cure flu and colds. In the studies using HPTLC method, different stationary phases, including unmodified silica gel, silica gels modified with CN, NH2, DIOL and RP18 groups were tried. The best separation of the tested compounds was achieved on silica gel plates, when as mobile phases mixtures – ethyl acetate–acetic acid–formic acid–water (100:11:11:26, v/v/v/v), ethyl acetate–methanol–formic acid–water (50:3:4:6, v/v/v/v) and ethyl acetate–methyl ethyl ketone–formic acid–water (30:9:3:3, v/v/v/v) – were used. Using reference substances, in the examined extracts the presence of flavonoids: patulitrin, quercimeritrin, quercitagetrin, and phenolic acids – caffeic and chlorogenic acids was found. HPLC analyses of extracts were carried out on a reversed-phase Zorbax SB column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm). The mobile phase (A) was water/acetonitrile/formic acid (95:5:0.1, v/v/v) and the mobile phase (B) was acetonitrile/formic acid (100:0.1, v/v). A linear gradient system was used: 0–30 min, 1–30% B. Application of HPLC-DAD-MS method confirmed the results obtained by HPTLC method. Moreover, in the tested extracts the presence of caffeoylglucaric acids as dominating compounds was detected.
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- 2015
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26. Screening of a new cadmium hyperaccumulator,Galinsoga parviflora, from winter farmland weeds using the artificially high soil cadmium concentration method
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Li Luo, Lijin Lin, Liu Yingjie, Jin Qian, Bo Ning, and Ming’an Liao
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Cadmium ,biology ,Environmental remediation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Field experiment ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bioconcentration ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Catalase ,Shoot ,biology.protein ,Environmental Chemistry ,Hyperaccumulator - Abstract
A new method, the artificially high soil cadmium (Cd) concentration method, was used to screen for Cd hyperaccumulators among winter farmland weeds. Galinsoga parviflora was the most promising remedial plant among 5 Cd accumulators or hyperaccumulators. In Cd concentration gradient experiments, as soil Cd concentration increased, root and shoot biomass decreased, and their Cd contents increased. In additional concentration gradient experiments, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities increased with soil Cd concentrations up to 75 mg kg−1, while expression of their isoenzymes strengthened. Catalase (CAT) activity declined and CAT isoenzyme expression weakened at soil Cd concentrations less than 50 mg kg−1. The maxima of Cd contents in shoots and roots were 137.63 mg kg−1 and 105.70 mg kg−1, respectively, at 100 mg kg−1 Cd in soil. The root and shoot bioconcentration factors exceeded 1.0, as did the translocation factor. In a field experiment, total extraction of Cd by shoots was 1.35 mg m−2 to 1.43 mg m−2 at soil Cd levels of 2.04 mg kg−1 to 2.89 mg kg−1. Therefore, the artificially high soil Cd concentration method was effective for screening Cd hyperaccumulators. Galinsoga parviflora is a Cd hyperaccumulator that could be used to efficiently remediate Cd-contaminated farmland soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2422–2428. © 2014 SETAC
- Published
- 2014
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27. Economics of herbicide weed management in wheat in Ethiopia
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H Sareta, Wogayehu Worku, and Bedada Begna
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Setaria pumila ,biology ,Crop yield ,Sodium ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Idosulfuron methyl sodium, Mesosulfron methyl, Triticum aestivum ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Weed control ,Cultural control ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Phalaris paradoxa ,Avena fatua - Abstract
Effective use of herbicides for the control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was not a reality in Ethiopia, until in recent years. This study aimed at evaluating different post-emergence herbicides against annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in wheat for selection and incorporation into an integrated weed management (IWM) system. The study was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centre main station, Bekoji and Lole farm fields. Treatments included herbicides, namely, Mesosulfron methyl+Idosulfuron methyl sodium (liquid) 1 lit ha -1 a.i. Pyroxsulam (liquid) 0.5 l ha -1 a.i. hand weeding twice (30-35 and 55-60 days after emergence (DAE)); and a weedy check. Among the annual grass weeds, Snowdenia polystachya, Avena fatua, Bromus pectinatus, Phalaris paradoxa and Setaria pumila ; and most broad leaf weeds like Polygonum nepalense, Guizotia scabra, Galinsoga parviflora and Gallium spurium were controlled with herbicide efficacy ranging from 75 to 100%. Mesosulfron methyl +Idosulfron methyl sodium, Pyroxulam and hand weeded twice plots outyielded the weedy check by 63, 58 and 53%, respectively. Maximum wheat grain yield (5,184 kg ha -1 ), biomass (12,808 kg ha -1 ), thousand kernel weight (48.55) and hectoliter weight (74.2) were obtained due to the application of Mesosulfron methyl+Idosulfuron methyl sodium. In addition, the herbicide had a yield advantage over Pyroxsulam, two hand weedings and the weedy check by 12, 21 and 63%, respectively. Application of Mesosulfron methyl + Idosulfuron methyl sodium (US$1,596.31 ha -1 ) had the highest net field benefit compared to Pyroxsulam (US$1,379.21 ha -1 ), two hand weeding (US$1,126.7 ha -1 ) and weedy check (US$574.1 ha -1 ) by 13.6, 29 and 64%, respectively. Moreover, the herbicide was also economically profitable to farmers, providing a marginal rate of return (MRR) of 1,737%. Sensitivity analysis (aMRR) also remained the most profitable even when the price of herbicide increased by 20%. Hence, Mesosulfron methyl +Idosulfuron methyl sodium at a rate of 1 lit ha -1 is thebest herbicide for the effective control of annual grasses and broad leaf weeds in wheat and can be used as one of the component in Integrated Weed Management Program (IWM) in wheat fields. Key Words : Idosulfuron methyl sodium, Mesosulfron methyl, Triticum aestivum
- Published
- 2016
28. Changes in weed infestation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under conditions of strip intercropping and different weed control methods
- Author
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Aleksandra Głowacka
- Subjects
Galinsoga parviflora ,tending ,Plant Science ,Echinochloa ,medicine.disease_cause ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,bentazon ,Infestation ,medicine ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,strip cropping ,weed infestation ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biology ,trifluralin ,Trifluralin ,Intercropping ,Strip farming ,Weed control ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Horticulture ,quizalofop-p-butyl ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Weed ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the years 2004-2006 in a private farm in the village of Frankamionka in Zamość district. There were two experimental factors: I. Cultivation methods - sole cropping and strip intercropping; and II. Tending methods - mechanical, mechanical-chemical, and chemical weed control. The subject of the study was weed infestation of the Mela variety of common bean. Beans were sown between 30 April and 5 May. Weed infestation was assessed in the last week before harvesting by determining its floristic composition and the frequency of occurrence of particular weed species, as well as the air-dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species were Galinsoga parviflora, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, and Amaranthus retroflexus, which comprised 84.7% of the total number of weeds. Strip intercropping markedly reduced the number of weeds per unit area (by 50%), as well as the dry weight of their aerial parts. The most effective method of weed control was the mechanical-chemical method, which resulted in the lowest occurrence of weeds. It also significantly reduced the weight of weeds.
- Published
- 2012
29. Determination of antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions obtained fromGalinsoga parvifloraandGalinsoga quadriradiata, and a qualitative study of the most active fractions using TLC and HPLC methods
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Małgorzata Derwińska, Anna K. Kiss, Magdalena Stolarczyk, and Agnieszka Bazylko
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Chromatography ,biology ,DPPH ,Linoleic acid ,Organic Chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Galinsoga ,Plant Science ,Asteraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Antioxidants ,Thin-layer chromatography ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Chromatography, Thin Layer ,Gallic acid ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - Abstract
Taking into account the role of reactive oxygen species in the development of inflammation, and the application of the plants of genus Galinsoga RuizPav. in folk medicines for inflammatory states, we investigated and compared the antioxidant activities of particular Galinsoga extracts and fractions. The compositions of the most active fractions were studied using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The extracts and fractions from Galinsoga parviflora Cav. and Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pav. possess dose-dependent free radical-scavenging ability against DPPH• and superoxide radicals, as well as inhibitory effects on linoleic acid peroxidation in a manner comparable to gallic acid. In the most active fractions, flavonoids, patulitrin, quercimeritrin, quercitagetrin and caffeoyl derivatives were detected. Our research demonstrates that the investigated herbs are an interesting source of preparations with significant antioxidant effects. Our results justify the use of both raw materials in inflammatory diseases, among others, due to their ability to prevent free radical-induced deleterious effects.
- Published
- 2012
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30. New aromatic esters fromGalinsoga parviflora
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Shazia Yasmeen, Rehana Ifzal, Muhammad Irfan Ali, Abdul Malik, Mahboob Ali Kalhoro, Nighat Afza, and Sadia Ferheen
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Pharmacology ,Molecular Structure ,biology ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Esters ,Fraction (chemistry) ,General Medicine ,Asteraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Analytical Chemistry ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Drug Discovery ,Botany ,Benzene Derivatives ,Hexanes ,Molecular Medicine ,Organic chemistry ,Pakistan ,Spectral data ,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ,Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Abstract
Galinosoates A-C (1-3), new aromatic esters, have been isolated from the n-hexane soluble fraction of Galinsoga parviflora. Their structures were assigned from the spectral data including IR, HR-EI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR.
- Published
- 2012
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31. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PHENOLIC CONTENT, COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF BIDENS PILOSA, CLEOME GYNANDRA, CORCHORUS OLITORIUS, GALINSOGA PARVIFLORA AND AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS
- Author
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Maud Muchuweti, A. Kasiyamhuru, Wilson Parawira, and B. Chipurura
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biology ,Corchorus olitorius ,Amaranthus hybridus ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Galinsoga ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,Ascorbic acid ,food.food ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Cleome gynandra ,chemistry ,Botany ,Bidens pilosa ,Caffeic acid - Published
- 2011
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32. Effects of Mulching with Hyperaccumulator Straw on Growth and Cadmium Content of Grape Seedlings under Cadmium Stress
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Chunyan Lu, Zhongxian Feng, Ting Wang, and Liyun Sui
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Cadmium ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Shoot ,Biomass ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Hyperaccumulator ,Biology ,Monoculture ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Mulch - Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of mulching with straw of different cadmium hyperaccumulators (Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga parviflora, Youngia japonica and Gnaphalium affine) on the growth and cadmium content of grape seedlings under cadmium stress. The results showed that mulching with straw of cadmium hyperaccumulators could increase the biomass of grape seedlings commonly. The cadmium content in root of all the straw-mulch treatments except mulching with G. parviflora was higher than monoculture, but all the straw-mulch treatments decreased cadmium content in stem, leaf and shoot. Especially, the biomass of root and shoot of grape seedlings for the treatment of mulching with straw of G. parviflora reached maximum, which were 85.68% and 22.73% higher than monoculture, respectively. Mulching with straw of G. parviflora decreased the content of cadmium in root and shoot of grape seedlings. The cadmium content in root and shoot for the treatment was lowest, and it decreased by 2.13% and 27.82% respectively compared with monoculture. In conclusion, mulching with straw of cadmium hyperaccumulators could promote the growth of grape seedlings, and decrease cadmium content in shoot of grape seedlings, and G. parviflora straw worked best.
- Published
- 2018
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33. Effects of Hyperaccumulator Straw on Soil Nutrient Availability and Soil Enzyme Activity of Cyphomandra betacea under Cadmium Stress
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Qianqian Ma, Ming’an Liao, Lijin Lin, and Jing He
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Soil organic matter ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Tagetes ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Bidens pilosa ,Organic matter ,Hyperaccumulator ,Mulch - Abstract
Keywords: Hyperaccumulator straw; Cyphomandra betacea; Soil nutrient; Soil enzyme Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of hyperaccumulator straw on soil nutrient availability and soil enzyme activities of Cyphomandra beracea under Cadmium (Cd) stress. Four Cd-hyperaccumulator species (Solanum photeinocarpum, Tagetes erecta, Galinsoga parviflora, Bidens pilosa) straws were applied as mulches on the Cd-contaminated soil surface which planted C. beracea. The results showed that mulching hyperaccumulator straw on soil surface increased soil organic matter content, a nd soil available contents of N, P and K. The contents of organic matter content and available N were r anked as: T. erecta > S. photeinocarpum > G. parviflora > B. pilosa > control, and the available P and K contents were ranked as: S. photeinocarpum > T. erecta > G. parviflora > B. pilosa > control. The straws of S. photeinocarpum and T. erecta increased the soil catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease and sucrase activities, but the straws of G. parviflora and B. pilosa reduced them. Therefore, mulching with the straws of S. photeinocarpum and T. erecta could promote growth of C. betacea under Cd stress.
- Published
- 2015
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34. Effects of Applying Accumulator Straw in Cd-Contaminated Soil on Nutrient Uptake of Galinsoga parviflora
- Author
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Jin Wang, Jun Shi, Shuting Yang, and Xiulan Lv
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biology ,Eclipta ,Phosphorus ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Nasturtium officinale ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Straw ,biology.organism_classification ,Soil contamination ,food.food ,Horticulture ,food ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Conyza canadensis - Abstract
Keywords: Accumulator straw; Cadmium contamination; Galinsoga parviflora; Nutrient uptake Abstract. The effects of applying four accumulator species (Conyza canadensis, Cardamine hirsute, Eclipta prostrate and Nasturtium officinale) straws in cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil on phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) uptakes of Galinsoga parviflora were studied through the pot experiment. Five treatments were used in the experiment: control (no straw applied), and straw applied for each of the four plant species (C. canadensis, C. hirsute, E. prostrata and N. officinale). When applying the four accumulator species straws in Cd-contaminated soil, only E. prostrata straw and N. officinale straw increased the total P and K contents in roots, stems and leaves of G. parviflora compared with control, and E. prostrata straw was the best. Only applying straws of C. canadensis, C. hirsute and N. officinale increased the total N content in stems and leaves of G. parviflora compared with control, and the rank was C. canadensis straw > N. officinale straw > C. hirsuta straw > control. Therefore, only suitable applying accumulator straw could used to increase nutrient uptake of G. parviflora in Cd-contaminated soil.
- Published
- 2015
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35. Effects of DTPA on Cadmium Accumulation of Galinsoga parviflora
- Author
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Liao Ming'an, Zhihui Wang, and Lijin Lin
- Subjects
Cadmium ,Horticulture ,Chlorophyll content ,chemistry ,biology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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36. Effects of Intercropping Density of Galinsoga parviflora on Cadmium Accumulation of Soybean
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Ming’An Liao, Fiyi Tang, and Lijin Lin
- Subjects
Cadmium ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biomass ,Intercropping ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Phytoremediation ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Seedling ,Hyperaccumulator ,Monoculture - Abstract
The effects of intercropping different density (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) of cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Galinsoga parviflora on cadmium accumulation of soybean were investigated through pot experiment. The results showed that intercropping with 1 G. parviflora seedling increased biomass of soybean compared with monoculture, and decreased when intercropping with 2, 3, 4 and 5 G. parviflora seedlings. Intercropping with different density of G. parviflora decreased Cd content in soybean compared with monoculture, and the more number of G. parviflora, the lower Cd content in soybean. When the density was not more than 3, intercropping with soybean increased biomass of G. parviflora, and decreased Cd content in G. parviflora . Intercropping with soybean increased Cd extraction by G. parviflora. Therefore, the best density of G. parviflora to intercropping with soybean was 1, which could be used in the Cd-contaminated soil for the phytoremediation.
- Published
- 2015
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37. Intercropping Different Density of Galinsoga parviflora Can Increase Cadmium Accumulation in Radish
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Lijin Lin, Qianqian Ma, Yu Xuena, and Ming’an Liao
- Subjects
Cadmium ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,biology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Intercropping ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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38. Controle pelo glyphosate e caracterização geral da superfície foliar de Commelina benghalensis, Ipomoea hederifolia, Richardia brasiliensis e Galinsoga parviflora
- Author
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Patricia Andrea Monquero, J.C. Cury, and P.J. Chistoffoleti
- Subjects
tolerance ,anatomia foliar ,Physiology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Richardia brasiliensis ,ceras epicuticulares ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Commelina benghalensis ,Ipomoea hederifolia ,Trichome ,epicuticular waxes and absorption ,absorção ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,tolerância ,Glyphosate ,Herbicide glyphosate ,Botany ,leaf anatomy ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,After treatment - Abstract
Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar a superfície foliar das plantas daninhas Commelina benghalensis, Ipomoea hederifolia, Richardia brasiliensis e Galinsoga parviflora e determinar a porcentagem de controle dessas plantas pelo herbicida glyphosate. As ceras epicuticulares das plantas daninhas foram extraídas com clorofórmio e quantificadas (µg cm²). Partes centrais das folhas foram submetidas à microscopia eletrônica de varredura, para caracterização da superfície foliar. A fim de avaliar a suscetibilidade dessas plantas daninhas ao glyphosate, foi instalado experimento inteiramente casualizado composto por sete tratamentos (0, 360, 540, 720, 900, 1.440 e 2.160 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate) e quatro repetições em casa de vegetação, na Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ/USP, PiracicabaSP, Brasil. A eficácia do herbicida foi avaliada aos 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação dos tratamentos. As plantas daninhas não diferiram muito com relação à quantidade de ceras epicuticulares. Em G. parviflora a superfície foliar apresenta tricomas tectores multicelulares e estômatos anomocíticos. I. hederifolia apresenta superfície foliar rugosa, tricomas tectores unicelulares e glandulares e estômatos paracíticos. Em C. benghalensis, a superfície foliar apresenta dois tipos de tricomas tectores, estômatos tetracíticos e ceras dispersas na superfície adaxial. A planta daninha R. brasiliensis apresenta estômatos paracíticos e tricomas unicelulares. As plantas daninhas C. benghalensis e R. brasiliensis são mais tolerantes ao glyphosate do que as outras espécies estudadas. Com base nos dados obtidos, pode-se concluir que as plantas daninhas apresentam características foliares diferentes, sendo C. benghalensis e R. brasiliensis as mais tolerantes ao glyphosate, mesmo quando se utiliza a maior dose herbicida. This work aimed to characterize the foliar surface of the weeds Commelina benghalensis, Ipomoea hederifolia, Richardia brasiliensis and Galinsoga parviflora and the percentage of control by the herbicide glyphosate. The epicuticular waxes were extracted by chloroform and quantified (µg cm-2). Central parts of the leaves of these weeds were submitted to electron microscopy to characterize the foliar surface. To evaluate the susceptibility of these weeds to glyphosate an experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design, 7 treatments (0, 360, 540, 720, 900, 1440 and 2160 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate) and four replications under greenhouse conditions at the University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP - Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. Herbicide efficacy was assessed at 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment. In G. parviflora the foliar surface presents multicellular trichomes, and anomocytic stomata. In I. Hederifolia, the foliar surface is rough, with multicellular and glandular trichomes and paracytic stomata. In C. benghalensis, the foliar surface presents two types of trichomes and a lower number of tetracytic stomata. The presence of disperse wax was observed on the adaxial surface. R. brasiliensis presents great number of unicellular trichomes and paracytic stomata. The weeds C. benghalensis and R. brasiliensis were more tolerant to glyphosate than the other species studied. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the weeds showed differences in the foliar characteristics, with C. benghalensis and R. brasiliensis being tolerant to the highest dose of glyphosate.
- Published
- 2005
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39. Dinâmica do banco de sementes em áreas com aplicação freqüente do herbicida glyphosate
- Author
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Pedro Jacob Christoffoleti and Patricia Andrea Monquero
- Subjects
Ipomoea grandifolia ,Physiology ,Amaranthus hybridus ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Richardia brasiliensis ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Commelina benghalensis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Seedling ,Glyphosate ,Weed ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Embora o herbicida glyphosate seja considerado não-seletivo, várias espécies de plantas daninhas apresentam certo grau de tolerância às doses recomendadas. No Brasil, já existem relatos de seleção de espécies de plantas daninhas tolerantes ao glyphosate em áreas com o uso intensivo deste herbicida. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da aplicação repetitiva do herbicida glyphosate sobre a dinâmica do banco de sementes das plantas daninhas tolerantes: Commelina benghalensis, Ipomoea grandifolia e Richardia brasiliensis; e das plantas daninhas suscetíveis: Amaranthus hybridus e Galinsoga parviflora. O experimento foi monitorado durante dois anos em áreas experimentais do Departamento de Produção Vegetal da Escola Superior de Agricultura ''Luiz de Queiroz'' - Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo. Partindo de uma densidade de 100 plantas m-2 de cada espécie, o glyphosate foi aplicado periodicamente em pós-emergência sobre as plantas daninhas adultas nas doses de 0, 0,36, 1,44 e 2,88 kg e.a. ha-1. O banco de sementes do solo foi estimado através da avaliação de emergência direta das plântulas e extração física das sementes. O banco de sementes das plantas daninhas tolerantes ao glyphosate teve aumento significativo, principalmente nas menores doses. Por outro lado, o banco de sementes das espécies suscetíveis diminuiu ao longo do tempo mesmo nas menores doses do glyphosate. Na última análise do banco de sementes, as plantas daninhas tolerantes apresentaram, na maior dose de glyphosate aplicada, cerca de 12 milhões de sementes não-dormentes ha-1, ao passo que as suscetíveis apresentaram cerca de 4 milhões de sementes não-dormentes ha-1. Concluiu-se que o uso intensivo do herbicida glyphosate pode ocasionar uma mudança na área, aumentando a freqüência das plantas tolerantes ao longo dos anos.
- Published
- 2003
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40. Effects of Mulching Tolerant Plant Straw on Soil Surface on Growth and Cadmium Accumulation of Galinsoga parviflora
- Author
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Ming’an Liao, Zhang Xiao, Yang Daiyu, Lijin Lin, Jing He, Ren Yajun, and Li Luo
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Agricultural Irrigation ,Applied Microbiology ,Galinsoga parviflora ,chemistry.chemical_element ,lcsh:Medicine ,Plantago asiatica ,Plant Science ,Asteraceae ,Plant Roots ,Soil ,Soil pH ,Plant Products ,Botany ,Soil Pollutants ,Biomass ,lcsh:Science ,Cadmium ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Plant Stems ,lcsh:R ,Soil chemistry ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Straw ,Agriculture ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy ,Phytoremediation ,Plant Leaves ,Horticulture ,Chemistry ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Plant Physiology ,Shoot ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering and Technology ,lcsh:Q ,Mulch ,Bioremediation ,Plant Shoots ,Research Article ,Biotechnology ,Chemical Elements - Abstract
Pot and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of mulching with straw of cadmium (Cd) tolerant plants (Ranunculus sieboldii, Mazus japonicus, Clinopodium confine and Plantago asiatica) on growth and Cd accumulation of Galinsoga parviflora in Cd-contaminated soil. In the pot experiment, mulching with M. japonicus straw increased the root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, shoot biomass, plant height and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) of G. parviflora compared with the control, whereas mulching with straws of R. sieboldii, C. confine and P. asiatica decreased these parameters. Straws of the four Cd-tolerant plants increased the Cd content in roots of G. parviflora compared with the control. However, only straws of M. japonicus and P. asiatica increased the Cd content in shoots of G. parviflora, reduced the soil pH, and increased the soil exchangeable Cd concentration. Straw of M. japonicus increased the amount of Cd extraction in stems, leaves and shoots of G. parviflora by 21.11%, 29.43% and 24.22%, respectively, compared with the control, whereas straws of the other three Cd-tolerant plants decreased these parameters. In the field experiment, the M. japonicus straw also increased shoot biomass, Cd content in shoots, and amount of Cd extraction in shoots of G. parviflora compared with the control. Therefore, straw of M. japonicus can be used to improve the Cd extraction ability of G. parviflora from Cd-contaminated soil.
- Published
- 2014
41. Chemical constituents and biological activities of Galinsoga parviflora cav. (Asteraceae) from Egypt
- Author
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Samia Hafez, Assem M. El-Shazly, Ehsan Abd El-Aziz, and Islam Mostafa
- Subjects
Male ,Fumaric acid ,Stigmasterol ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Plant Extracts ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Triacontanol ,Ethyl acetate ,Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ,Asteraceae ,Ascorbic acid ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Protocatechuic acid ,Rats ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phytol ,chemistry ,Botany ,MCF-7 Cells ,Animals ,Humans - Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of eleven compounds namely: triacontanol, phytol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 7-hydroxy-beta-sitosterol, 7-hydroxystigmasterol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, protocatechuic acid, fumaric acid, and uracil. Furthermore, 48 volatile constituents were identified in the hydrodistilled oil of the aerial parts. The ethanolic extract at a content of 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) exerted 87% reduction in the alanine aminotransferase enzyme level in cirrhotic rats compared with the standard silymarin (150 mg/kg BW) and also exerted a reduction in the blood glucose level equivalent to that of glibenclamide (5 mg/kg BW) in diabetic rats. The ethanolic extract, light petroleum and ethyl acetate fractions exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. The ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antioxidant activity at a concentration of 150 mg/mL as compared with 0.1 M ascorbic acid. The cytotoxic effect against the MCF-7 cell line was found to be weak.
- Published
- 2013
42. Galinsosides A and B, bioactive flavanone glucosides from Galinsoga parviflora
- Author
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Sadia Ferheen, Muhammad Irfan Ali, Nighat Afza, Muhammad Azam Rasool, Lubna Iqbal, Abdul Malik, and Rasool Bakhsh Tareen
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Urease ,Stereochemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Ethyl acetate ,Asteraceae ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glucosides ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Pharmacology ,Inhibitory potential ,biology ,Molecular Structure ,Plant Extracts ,α glucosidase ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Enzyme inhibition ,chemistry ,Flavanones ,biology.protein ,Plant Structures ,Flavanone - Abstract
Galinsosides A (1) and B (2), new flavanone glucosides together with two known flavanones, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavanone (3) and 3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanone (4) have been isolated from an ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of Galinsoga parviflora. Their structures were assigned on the basis of spectral studies. Compound 1 showed significant antioxidant and urease inhibitory activity while compound 2 was moderately active. On the other hand, 2 showed inhibitory potential against alpha-glucosidase.
- Published
- 2009
43. Reactive Nitrogen Species Scavenging Capacity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Galinsoga parviflora and G. quadriradiata Herbs
- Author
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Agnieszka Bazylko, Siniša Srečec, and Marta Rogowska
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,food.ingredient ,Aqueous solution ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Plant Extracts ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Galinsoga ,Free Radical Scavengers ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Asteraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Reactive Nitrogen Species ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Herb ,Drug Discovery ,Botany ,Caffeic acid ,Scavenging ,Reactive nitrogen species - Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the scavenging capacity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts derived from the herb of two species of Galinsoga against NO and ONOO-. In both tests the aqueous extracts of both Galinsoga species were more active than the ethanolic extracts. The highest scavenging activity against NO, and also against ONOO- was shown by G. quadriradiata aqueous extract (SC50±SD=1.54±0.32, and 2.10±1.98, respectively). The study showed that the activity of the extracts from both Galinsoga species is related not only to the presence of flavonoids but also to caffeic acid derivatives and caffeic acid. The results of this study partly explain the beneficial effects of Galinsoga herb extracts in the treatment of skin diseases.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Translocation of diquat dibromide
- Author
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G. Kazinczi, J. Mikulás, and J. Lázár
- Subjects
biology ,Galinsoga ,translocation ,Chromosomal translocation ,lcsh:QK900-989 ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Robinia pseudo-acacia ,Hydroponics ,biology.organism_classification ,Diquat ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,lcsh:Plant ecology ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,diquat dibromide ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Application methods - Abstract
The aims of our work were to answer the following questions: 1. Diquat dibromide at different concentrations is a contact or systemic herbicide? 2. if translocation occurs what is the extent and direction of it. 3. by what concentration it is translocated in hydroponics. It has been stated that diquat dibromide at different dilutions (40-5%) had systemic effect in Robinia pseudo-acacia in the fields. Its translocation has been occurred apically first, and later basipetally. The extent of translocation depended on the concentration. In hydroponics diquat dibromide has crytallized on the leaf surface of Galinsoga parvif lora and all concentrations (40-0.078%) proved lethal. Recognition and application of systemic characteristics of diquat dibromide is reported here for the first time. Improvement of application method is in the focus of our future work.
- Published
- 2005
45. Parvisides A and B, New Glucosides from Galinsoga parviflora
- Author
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Nighat Afza, Abdul Malik, Sadia Ferheen, Muhammad Irfan Ali, Shazia Yasmeen, and Rasool Bakhsh Tareen
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Molecular Structure ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Plant Extracts ,Chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Asteraceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Glucosides ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Phytochemical ,Drug Discovery ,Spectral analysis - Abstract
Phytochemical investigations of the n-butanol soluble sub-fraction of the methanolic extract of Galinsoga parviflora Cav. has led to the isolation of two new glucosides named as parvisides A (1) and B (2). Their structures have been assigned on the basis of their spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR techniques.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Avaliação da seletividade e eficácia de misturas formuladas de bentazon + acifluorfen em soja
- Author
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Julio P. Laca-Buendía and J. F. R. Lara
- Subjects
biology ,Amaranthus hybridus ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Bentazon ,Plant density ,General Medicine ,Acifluorfen ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Solanum americanum ,medicine ,Mineral oil ,Weed ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A trial was carried out to test the efficacy and selectivity of different formulations and doses of bentazon with acifluorfen, applied in post emergence of soybean (cv. Doko). The following treatments were tested in a sandy Latosoil, in Prudente de Morais, Brazil: bentazon+acifluorfen (480+204 g/ha and 600+255 g/ha) with or without mineral oil (0,25% v/v); bentazon+acifluorfen (480+168 g/ha and 600+210 g/ha) with or without mineral oil (0,25%v/v); and bentazon +acifluorfen 600+160 g/ha and weeded and no weeding checks. Independently of the doses and formulations (with or without mineral oil) all chemicals provided efficient control of Amaranthus hybridus, Galinsoga parviflora and Solanum americanum. Significant differences were not observed among the productivities for the several chemical treatments, but reduced the interference of weeds caused an average decrease in yield of 1445 kg/ha in relation to the weed check. These was no difference between treatments concerning plant density, plant height, height of first pod and weight of 100 seeds. All tested treatments were selective for the soybean.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Controle químico de plantas daninhas na semeadura direta de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
- Author
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A. R. Conde, José Francisco da Silva, Vicente Wagner Dias Casali, and Lino Roberto Ferreira
- Subjects
biology ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Digitaria sanguinalis ,Trifluralin ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,Metribuzin ,Chloramben ,Bidens pilosa ,Botany ,Weed ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Cyperus rotundus - Abstract
Em dois ensaios, um conduzido em Viçosa, MG, e outro em Domingos Martins, ES, estudou-se o comportamento dos herbicidas metribuzin, chloramben, napropamide, diphenamid, pebulate e trifluralin, nas doses de 0,36; 2,40; 2,50; 2,00; 3,60 e 0,67 kg/ha, respectivamente, e a combinação de 0,35 kg/ha de metribuzin com cada um dos demais, nas mesmas doses, no controle de plantas daninhas e na tolerância da cultura do tomate semeado diretamente no local definitivo. Num terceiro ensaio, conduzido em Viçosa, fez-se o mesmo estudo, combinando pebulate, nas doses 4,32 e 5,76 kg/ha, com chloramben, napropamide, diphenamid e metribuzin, nas doses de 3,40; 3,00; 5,00 e 0,70 kg/ha, respectivamente, e também os mesmos compostos, isoladamente, nas mesmas doses. Todos os herbicidas avaliados exerceram controle sobre as plantas daninhas; entretanto, a eficiência de cada um foi muito influenciada pela espécie presente. Apenas pebulate apresentou eficiente controle da tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.). Chloramben, napropamide, diphenamid e trifluralin controlaram eficientemente capim-marmelada (Brachiaria plantaginea (Link.) Hitch.) e capim-colchão (Digitaria Sanguinalis (L.) Scop.). Metribuzin apresentou excelente controle de picão-preto (Bidens pilosa L.) e botão-de-ouro (Galin-soga parviflora Cav.). As misturas demetribuzin ou de pebulate com os demais herbicidas aumentaram a eficiência de controle e o número de espécies controladas. Nenhum dos herbicidas, nas doses estudadas, causou danos à cultura e os maiores pesos de matéria verde da parte aérea das plantas de tomate foram obtidos nos tratamentos que proporcionaram maior controle de plantas daninhas.
- Published
- 1982
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48. Flavonoids ofGalinsoga parviflora
- Author
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T. I. Plekhanova, V. A. Bandyukova, and G. A. Mikhailova
- Subjects
biology ,Chemistry ,Galinsoga parviflora ,Botany ,Plant Science ,General Chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Published
- 1977
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Mechanical Transmission of Galinsoga Mosaic Virus in Soil
- Author
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S Teakle, DD Shukla, GJ Shanks, and GM Behncken
- Subjects
Infectivity ,biology ,fungi ,Galinsoga parviflora ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Virus ,Potting soil ,Fungicide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tobacco necrosis virus ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,Captafol ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Plant virus ,Genetics ,General Materials Science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Molecular Biology ,Developmental Biology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Galinsoga mosaic virus (GMV) was isolated from Galinsoga parviflora plants growing near Gympie in south-eastern Queensland. Although the virus was always recovered from the roots of naturally infected G. parviflora plants, the tops sometimes contained no detectable virus. When soil collected near naturally infected plilnts was kept moist in a glasshouse for 15 months and periodically planted with seed or seedlings of G. parviflora, the plants continued to become infected. Addition of captafol or ethazol fungicides to the soil had no effect on transmission of GMV in a glasshouse. Air-drying the soil for 20 days abolished its infectivity to G. parvi/lora plants and also decreased the amount of virus directly extractable from it. Pasteurized or autoclaved potting mix became infective to G. pariJif/ora when mixed with GMVcontaining plant roots, tops, leaf extracts or drainage water of infected G. parvif/ora. When leafinoculated and healthy G. parviflora plants were grown together in the same autoclaved potting mix with their tops separated by a glass partition, transmission between roots occurred. When there was foliage but not root contact, transmission was also obtained. The virus was transmitted neither by seed of infected G. parviftora plants, nor by the fungus OIpidium brassicae which, with tobacco necrosis virus, usually coexisted with GMV in the field.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Some Properties of the Virions of Galinsoga Mosaic Virus
- Author
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Antek Skotnicki and Adrian J. Gibbs
- Subjects
Infectivity ,Performic acid ,Galinsoga parviflora ,RNA ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Virus ,Sedimentation coefficient ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Plant virus ,Phaseolus - Abstract
An increasing number of plant viruses with stable isometric virions are being described, but their classification will be possible only when the biochemical and biophysical properties of these virions are better known. This paper reports additional properties of one such virus, namely Galinsoga mosaic virus (GMV), which was originally isolated from the roots of an annual weed species Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (1) in Queensland, but has a wide host range and is soil-borne (2). Virions of GMV were purified as described by Behncken (1) using the primary leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as both propagation and assay host. Virion concentration was correlated with symptom severity; the most concentrated preparations were obtained from the leaves of the cultivars Hawkesbury Wonder, Canadian Wonder and Royal Windsor, and least from Blue Lake, Epicure, Purple King, Redland Pioneer and Westralia. With infective sap diluted to give between 5 and 100 lesions per leaf, there was a linear correlation between sap concentration and lesion num bers, suggesting that one sort of particle determined infectivity. Properties of GMV virions were assessed by the techniques used by Skotnicki et al. (3). Virion preparations had ultraviolet absorption spectra of nucleoprotein suspensions with an A260/A2soratio of 1.66, indicating an RNA content of about 22%. When negatively stained in 1% uranylacetate, the virions were isometric with a rounded profile and a diameter of 28 nm (measured against the lattice of bovine catalase crystals). The virions had a sedimentation coefficient of 117.9 ± 2.1 S20, w(3 estimates). Some preparations also contained a component that sedimented more slowly (f. 48S) and had a much smaller A260/A280 ratio than the virions. GMV genome RNA, compared electrophoretically with 23S and 16S ribosomal RNA of E. coli in 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0% polyacrylamide gels, had an estimated molecular weight of 1.55 x 106. This RNA had a molar base composition (5 analyses) of G 24.8 ± 0.3; A 28.1 ± 0.6; C 21.8 ± 1.0; U 25.3 ± 0.7. GMV virion protein migrated as a single species in PAGE experiments and had a mean molecular weight (3 estimates) of 36.4 (± 1.8) x 10 • The percentage molar composition and 'best fitting' integral number of amino acids were assessed from samples hydrolysed for 1, 2 and 4 days and others oxidised with performic acid. The resulting estimates were Ala 7.07 (26), Arg 4.44 (16), Asx 9.30 (34), Cys 1.61 (6), Glx 8.08 (29), Gly 9.97 (36), His 2.14 (8), lie
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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