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Quality Evaluation of Biogas and Selected Methods of its Analysis There were presented technological and ecological aspects of biogas quality evaluation and introduced an overview of the limits of its selected parameters. There were characterized analytical methods for determining the basic composition of biogas, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, condensation, dust, oils, siloxanes, and aggregated content of sulfur, chlorine and fluorine. The result of comparative analysis and literature studies are proposes of the most adequate to the studies of biogas - analytical methodologies.

Reaction of ZnCl2 and 2-thiophenecarboxylic hydrazide (tch), in ethanol resulted in the crystalline product [Zn(tch)3][ZnCl4] · 2EtOH, which slowly decomposes losing solvent molecules. The structure of the first compound has been determined by the single crystal X-ray method. Analysing the IR spectra of both compounds it has been found that the complex [Zn(tch)3]2+ cation and [ZnCl4]2− anion are preserved after crystal decomposition. Vibrational spectra of the obtained substances were interpreted with the assistance of DFT calculations and metal isotope as well as deuterium replacement.

Capacities of the pleustophytes in the purification of the aquatic environments in Polish climatic zone have been evaluated. Studies of bioaccumulation of copper(II) from culture media contaminated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu/dm by the plants of Salvinia natans species were performed. The process was carried out for 14 days with the use of artificial plant-breeding species. The balance of the content of copper(II) in dry matter of plants and in the culture media was investigated. Capabilities of Salvinia natans to bioaccumulate copper(II) have been confirmed in all contaminated culture media.

Metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr) in soils and plants around the metallurgical waste landfill of Siechnice, Poland, have been determined. The soil samples were collected from the surface layer of 0-25 cm. The soils and plants were digested in HNO 3 , 60%, using the Microwave Digestion System (Milestone Start D). The analysis of metals has been carried out through the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) method. The pH and the conductivity of the soil solutions were measured. The pollution index (Wn) and the bioaccumulation coefficient (WB) have been determined. The permissible content of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in soils were exceeded compared to the geochemical background in uncontaminated soils of Poland. Chromium concentrations have also been exceeded relative to the standard for soils, according to the Polish Ministry of Environment Regulation from September 1 st , 2016. The assessment of the bioaccumulation coefficients of metals in plants ( Plantagolanceolata L. and Zea mays L.) has shown significant bioaccumulation of copper and zinc compared to the permissible concentrations of undesirable substances in feed in agreement with the Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Regulation from January 23 rd , 2007.

The concentrations of heavy metals in soils along the motorway bypass of Wroclaw (AOW) and the Eastern Ring Road of Wroclaw (WOW), Poland, have been determined. The soil samples were collected from the levels of 0-25 cm within 2 m from the edge of the road. The mineralizates were prepared in HNO 3 , 60%, using the Microwave Digestion System. The content of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb in soils were determined using FAAS method. The physicochemical parameters, the conductivity and pH of the soil solutions were measured to evaluate the salinity of the soils and their active and exchangeable acidity. The pollution indexes (W N ) showing the enrichment of soils in metals have been determined. Excess of metal concentrations in soils compared to the geochemical background in uncontaminated soils of Poland has been observed. Permissible concentrations of heavy metals relative to the standard for soils, according to the Polish Ministry of Environment Regulation from September 1 st , 2016, have not been exceeded.