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Melinjo (gnetum gnemon) peel extract is believed to have potential as antihyperuricemic agent, however, in vivo assays have yet to be conducted to prove the antihyperuricemic activity. The objectives of this research were to analyze antihyperuricemic activity of melinjo peel extract in Sprague Dawley male white rat. A total of 24 rats were divided into 6 groups, which are a normal, positive, and negative group, 70% ethanolic extract of melinjo peel dose 450 mg/kg BW (ET I) and dose 900 mg/kg BW (ET II), and water extract of melinjo peel dose 93.35 mg/kg BW (EA). The results show that antihyperuricemic potency of 70% ethanolic extract of melinjo peel (ET1 and ET2) was more effective than allopurinol dose 90 mg/kg BW with a percentage decrease of 50% and 54%. Ethanol extract of melinjo peel was able to reduce uric acid levels to be in the range of normal values (

Diabetes mellitus is often caused by damage to pancreatic beta cells which play a role in secreting insulin in the body. Damage to pancreatic beta cells causes the body to lack insulin. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a peptidase enzyme complex located on the surface of the cell membrane. Inhibition of the DPP4 enzyme will increase blood GLP-1 levels and induce regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Senggani leaf (Melastoma malabathricum) boiled water is believed by the people of the Ciamis area to be used as a diabetes medicine. There have been many studies and reviews related to Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum) and its potential. This review focuses on the discussion of Senggani as an antidiabetic by analyzing the reduction in glucose levels and the repair ability of pancreatic beta cells. The results of the literature study that show that senggani leaves have the ability to reduce blood glucose levels and repair activity of pancreatic beta cells through the DPP-4 enzyme inhibition mechanism supported by molecular docking simulation data. There are 12 active compounds that have a binding site similarity above 50% with the comparison compound vildagliptin. Rutin is the best active compound which has a 100% similarity of the binding site. Based on in vivo research and toxicity analysis on the admetsar database, senggani leaf extract and active compounds of senggani leaves have low toxicity, making it safe to be used as antidiabetic herbal preparations.

The coating substance on tomato, apple, and kiwi from carrageenan of Eucheuma cottonii that originated from Aceh was made with additional PEG (polyethylene glycol) plasticizer to increase the fruit shelf life. Carrageenan of Eucheuma cottonii was extracted using 14% alkaline solution (KOH) and precipitated using IPA (isopropyl alcohol). The coating substance was made using various combination of carrageenan (0,1%, 0,2% 0,3%) and PEG (polyethylene glycol) with concentration 0,5% (v/v). Fruit coating process was carried out by immersion until the whole fruit well submerge. The examination was carried out through functional groups identification of carrageenan from Eucheuma cottonii and the coating substance. The coating substance was observed toward fruits resistance to see changes in physical shape and hardness of fruit and used a microscope with 450 times enlargement to observe the fruit surface at 0 day, 6 th day, 12 th day and 18 th day. As the result, carrageenan that extracted from red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) shown the suitable structure with the commercial carrageenan. From the observation result, coated fruits resistance which was observed at 12 th day shown apple and tomato have a better hardness and physical appearance with 0,3% carrageenan than with 0,1%, 0,2%, and control, meanwhile for kiwi with 0,2% carrageenan.

Banana (Musaceaea) is one of the highest production fruits in Indonesia, which amounted to 7,162,685 tons in 2017. Banana peel waste produced can reach 40% of the total production of fresh bananas. Kepok banana peel contains a lot of nutrients and pectin. Pectin levels in banana peel ranged from 1.92% to 3.25% of dry weight. This study aims to characterize pectin from kepok banana peel (Musa balbisiana) extracted using nitric acid, citric acid, and HCl and screening potential of pectin bioactivity based on LC50 values. The highest pectin yield was obtained from extraction using pH 4 citrate buffer which was 3.68 ± 1.23%. In general, the characteristics of the best pectin from kepok banana peel are pectin extracted with HNO3 pH 4 with methoxyl degree 3.74 ± 0.34%, galacturonate content 87.64 ± 8.36%, and esterification degree 24.24 ± 0.098%. Based on the LC50 value the pectin extraction results can be classified into two, namely commercial pectin and pectin HCl pH 1.5 which is low bioactivity (LC50 > 100 ppm), and pH 4 HNO3 pectin and pH 4 citrate buffer pectin which has high bioactivity (LC50 ≤ 30 ppm). Keywords: Cytotoxicity, galakturonat, kepok banana pectin, methoxyl

Jati belanda ( Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk) leaves is traditionally used as slimming and cholesterol reducing agent. This research aims to determine the active component on jati belanda leaves as marker compound for cholesterol reducing agent. The quality of leaves was checked prior to use for next step of analysis. Jati belanda leaves with good quality was extracted by ethanol 30% and the extract was separated by chromatography technique such as open column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the quality of samples is meet to the requirement of Indonesian Food and Drug Agency ( Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM)) based on moisture content, ash content, and heavy metal content. Based on the separation results showed that the cholesterol reducing compound from jati belanda is quercetin

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi isolated Sir G5 from soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) in vivo breast tumor growth using Sprague-dawley (SD) female strains induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA). This study was an in vivo experiment using a completely randomized design method (RAL). This research was conducted from July 2016 to February 2017 in Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong-Bogor, and Research Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Bogor Agricultural University. Twenty-four female rats were divided into six groups; normal group (administered per os (p.o) with aquadest 2 ml for twenty two weeks), negative control (-) DMBA (administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) with 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene), positive control (+) Doxo (administered i.p with 20 mg/kg bw of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene and p.o. with 2 μg/20 0 g bw of Doxorubicin), DI (administered i.p. with 20 mg/kg bw of 7,12- dimethylbenz(α)anthracene and p.o. with extract of 20 mg/kg bw isolate Sir G5), DII (administered i.p. with 20 mg/kg bw of 7,12- dimethylbenz(α) anthracene and p.o. with 40 mg/kg bw extract of isolate Sir G5) and DIII (administered i.p. with 20 mg/kg b.w.of 7,12- dimethylbenz(α)anthracene and with 120 mg/kg bw of extract of isolate Sir G5). The result showed that body weight rats was not significantly different at each group (P>0.05). The quantity and volume of tumor samples from isolat Sir G5 extract treatment groups was significantly lower (P

Antioksidan diperlukan untuk menangkal radikal bebas dalam tubuh serta stress oksidatif yang mendorong proses penuaan dan berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Portulaca grandiflora Hook. diketahui memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Perbedaan bagian-bagian tanaman dapat menyebabkan perbedaan kandungan fitokimia, yang kemudian dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid pada organ daun, batang tua, batang muda, dan bunga dari tanaman krokot (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) yang diekstrak menggunakan etanol 96% serta menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak tersebut dengan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap organ tanaman krokot mengandung konsentrasi senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang berbeda. Kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid paling tinggi terdapat pada bagian daun (113.26 ± 3.85 mg GAE/g dan 97.99 ± 1.28 mg QE/g), tetapi aktivias antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada bagian batang tua dengan nilai IC50 122.15 ± 1.30 ppm (tergolong antioksidan sedang). Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Fenolik, Flavonoid, Portulaca grandiflora Hook.

Gross Collagen is fibrous protein that becomes the main component of connective tissues. An alternative source of collagen derived from marine animals as a source of antioxidants is needed. Utilization waste from skin of parang-parang fish (Chirocentrus dorab) as a source of collagen can increase the sale value of waste. The purpose of this research were to extract the collagen from skin of parang-parang fish with acid soluble collagen method include salting out and dialysis, also to test the antioxidant activity of collagen with DPPH and CUPRAC method. Collagen extraction steps consisted of pretreatmented with 0.1 M NaOH for 12 hours, hydrolysed with CH3COOH 0.5 M for 48 hours, salting out with 1 M NaCl for 12 hours, and dialysed with distilled water for 12 hours. Concentration of dissolved protein for 12 hours pretreatment was 0.791 ppm. The yield of collagen was 0.9%. The characteristic of collagen analysed by FTIR spectra showed amide A (3425), B (2924.09), I (1647.21), II (1543.05), and III (1246.02) (cm-1). The yield amino acid of collagen was glycine (26.69%), proline (12.24%), glutamic acid (11.72%), arginine (9.81%), alanine (9.51%). IC50 from DPPH method was 926.25 ppm. The antioxidant capacity of 100 ppm collagen was 104.14 μmol trolox / g extract.

Engine oil waste is a pollutant that causes environmental pollution and risk for human health. Bioremediation is one of the solutions to solve this problem. In this research, engine oil waste was remediation by composting method. The composting process was conducted in Environmental Engineering laboratory for 35 days. Water Content and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was analyzed in Chemical Engineering laboratory to show the degrada-tion of engine oil waste by combining of liquid fertilizer and compost. The result showed that Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of engine oil waste degradation reached 81% in sample 8 (by combined 8 mL of liquid or-ganic fertilizer and 300 g of compost soil). Sample 12 (by combined 2 mL of liquid organic fertilizer and 500 g of compost soil) also showed the same result