535 results on '"Ji, Yun"'
Search Results
2. Inhibition of Toll-like Receptors Alters Macrophage Cholesterol Efflux and Foam Cell Formation
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Jaemi Kim, Ji-Yun Kim, Hye-Eun Byeon, Ji-Won Kim, Hyoun-Ah Kim, Chang-Hee Suh, Sangdun Choi, MacRae F. Linton, and Ju-Yang Jung
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atherosclerosis ,toll-like receptor ,cholesterol efflux ,foam cells ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Arterial macrophage cholesterol accumulation and impaired cholesterol efflux lead to foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerosis. Modified lipoproteins interact with toll-like receptors (TLR), causing an increased inflammatory response and altered cholesterol homeostasis. We aimed to determine the effects of TLR antagonists on cholesterol efflux and foam cell formation in human macrophages. Stimulated monocytes were treated with TLR antagonists (MIP2), and the cholesterol efflux transporter expression and foam cell formation were analyzed. The administration of MIP2 attenuated the foam cell formation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) in stimulated THP-1 cells (p < 0.001). The expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters A (ABCA)-1, ABCG-1, scavenger receptor (SR)-B1, liver X receptor (LXR)-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ mRNA and proteins were increased (p < 0.001) following MIP2 administration. A concentration-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of p65, p38, and JNK was also observed following MIP2 administration. Moreover, an inhibition of p65 phosphorylation enhanced the expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, SR-B1, and LXR-α. TLR inhibition promoted the cholesterol efflux pathway by increasing the expression of ABCA-1, ABCG-1, and SR-B1, thereby reducing foam cell formation. Our results suggest a potential role of the p65/NF-kB/LXR-α/ABCA1 axis in TLR-mediated cholesterol homeostasis.
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- 2024
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3. Tubeimoside-1 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death through STAMBPL1-Mediated c-FLIP Downregulation
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So Rae Song, Seung Un Seo, Seon Min Woo, Ji Yun Yoon, Simmyung Yook, and Taeg Kyu Kwon
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TBMS-1 ,c-FLIP ,STAMBPL1 ,TRAIL ,deubiquitinase ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS-1), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is commonly used as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate its effect on the sensitization of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Our results revealed that even though monotherapy using TBMS-1 or TRAIL at sublethal concentrations did not affect cancer cell death, combination therapy using TBMS-1 and TRAIL increased apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, TBMS-1 destabilized c-FLIP expression by downregulating STAMBPL1, a deubiquitinase (DUB). Specifically, when STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP bound together, STAMBPL1 deubiquitylated c-FLIP. Moreover, STAMBPL1 knockdown markedly increased sensitivity to TRAIL by destabilizing c-FLIP. These findings were further confirmed in vivo using a xenograft model based on the observation that combined treatment with TBMS-1 and TRAIL decreased tumor volume and downregulated STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP expression levels. Overall, our study revealed that STAMBPL1 is essential for c-FLIP stabilization, and that STAMBPL1 depletion enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via c-FLIP downregulation.
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- 2023
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4. The Role of Macrophage Populations in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity: Current Understanding and Implications
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Min-Kyeong Lee, Heeyeon Ryu, Ji Yun Van, Myeong-Jin Kim, Hyeon Hak Jeong, Won-Kyo Jung, Joo Yun Jun, and Bonggi Lee
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macrophage populations ,skeletal muscle ,type 2 diabetes (T2D) ,insulin sensitivity ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Insulin resistance is a crucial factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic disorders. Skeletal muscle, the body’s largest insulin-responsive tissue, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of T2DM due to defects in insulin signaling. Recently, there has been growing evidence that macrophages, immune cells essential for tissue homeostasis and injury response, also contribute to the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the role of macrophages in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Firstly, it provides an overview of the different macrophage populations present in skeletal muscle and their specific functions in the development of insulin resistance. Secondly, it examines the underlying mechanisms by which macrophages promote or alleviate insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered metabolism. Lastly, the review discusses potential therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages to improve skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.
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- 2023
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5. YH29407 with anti-PD-1 ameliorates anti-tumor effects via increased T cell functionality and antigen presenting machinery in the tumor microenvironment
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Dong Kwon Kim, Chun-Bong Synn, Seung Min Yang, Seongsan Kang, Sujeong Baek, Se-Woong Oh, Gyu-Jin Lee, Ho-Woong Kang, Young-Sung Lee, Jong Suk Park, Jae Hwan Kim, Youngseon Byeon, Young Seob Kim, Doo Jae Lee, Hyun-Woo Kim, June Dong Park, Sung Sook Lee, Ji Yun Lee, Jii Bum Lee, Chang Gon Kim, Min Hee Hong, Sun Min Lim, Hey Ryun Kim, Kyoung-Ho Pyo, and Byoung Chul Cho
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IDO1 ,tryptophan ,kynurenine ,molecule inhibitor ,colon cancer ,immunotherapy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Among cancer cells, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) activity has been implicated in improving the proliferation and growth of cancer cells and suppressing immune cell activity. IDO1 is also responsible for the catabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. Depletion of tryptophan and an increase in kynurenine exert important immunosuppressive functions by activating regulatory T cells and suppressing CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, we compared the anti-tumor effects of YH29407, the best-in-class IDO1 inhibitor with improved pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, with first and second-generation IDO1 inhibitors (epacadostat and BMS-986205, respectively). YH29407 treatment alone and anti-PD-1 (aPD-1) combination treatment induced significant tumor suppression compared with competing drugs. In particular, combination treatment showed the best anti-tumor effects, with most tumors reduced and complete responses. Our observations suggest that improved anti-tumor effects were caused by an increase in T cell infiltration and activity after YH29407 treatment. Notably, an immune depletion assay confirmed that YH29407 is closely related to CD8+ T cells. RNA-seq results showed that treatment with YH29407 increased the expression of genes involved in T cell function and antigen presentation in tumors expressing ZAP70, LCK, NFATC2, B2M, and MYD88 genes. Our results suggest that an IDO1 inhibitor, YH29407, has enhanced PK/PD compared to previous IDO1 inhibitors by causing a change in the population of CD8+ T cells including infiltrating T cells into the tumor. Ultimately, YH29407 overcame the limitations of the competing drugs and displayed potential as an immunotherapy strategy in combination with aPD-1.
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- 2022
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6. Strategies for Natural Product Discovery by Unlocking Cryptic Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Fungi
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Ji Yun Hur, Eunju Jeong, Young Chan Kim, and Seoung Rak Lee
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fungi ,biosynthetic gene cluster ,natural products ,isolation ,bioactivities ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Recent advancements in genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of fungal genomes have revealed that fungi possess cryptic or silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This discovery suggests that our understanding of the universe of fungal secondary metabolomes is limited. In this review, we summarize recent strategies for activating cryptic BGCs in fungi, identify fungal secondary metabolites, and highlight their biological activities. We also briefly discuss the isolation and purification methods for these compounds. Our focus is on genetics-dependent and genetics-independent approaches for activating cryptic BGCs in fungi. Using the strategies discussed here, cryptic fungal natural products hold significant potential as a source for the discovery of new drug candidates.
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- 2023
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7. Ginseng Sprouts Attenuate Mortality and Systemic Inflammation by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling in an LPS-Induced Mouse Model of Sepsis
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Seung-Ju Hwang, Jing-Hua Wang, Jin-Seok Lee, Ji-Yun Kang, Dong-Cheol Baek, Geon-Ho Kim, Yo-Chan Ahn, and Chang-Gue Son
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sepsis ,ginseng sprout ,ginsenoside Rd ,inflammation ,TLR4/NF-κB pathway ,multi-organ failure ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Sepsis leads to multi-organ failure due to aggressive systemic inflammation, which is one of the main causes of death clinically. This study aimed to evaluate whether ginseng sprout extracts (GSE) can rescue sepsis and explore its underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J male mice (n = 15/group) were pre-administered with GSE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o) for 5 days, and a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 mg/kg, i.p) was administered to construct a sepsis model. Additionally, RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS with/without GSE/its main components (Rd and Re) to explain the mechanisms corresponding to the animal-derived effects. LPS injection led to the death of all mice within 38 h, while GSE pretreatment delayed the time to death. GSE pretreatment also notably ameliorated LPS-induced systemic inflammation such as histological destruction in both the lung and liver, along with reductions in inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in both tissues and serum. Additionally, GSE markedly diminished the drastic secretion of nitric oxide (NO) by suppressing the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in both tissues. Similar changes in TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, iNOS, and COX2 were observed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and protein expression data and nuclear translocation assays suggested GSE could modulate LPS-binding protein (LBP), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and NF-κB. Ginsenoside Rd could be a major active component in GSE that produces the anti-sepsis effects. Our data support that ginseng sprouts could be used as an herbal resource to reduce the risk of sepsis. The corresponding mechanisms may involve TLR4/NF-κB signaling and a potentially active component.
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- 2023
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8. USP41 Enhances Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Breast Cancer Cells through Snail Stabilization
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Ji-Yun Yoon, Seung-Un Seo, Seon-Min Woo, and Taeg-Kyu Kwon
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deubiquitinase ,USP41 ,snail ,EMT ,breast cancer ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Ubiquitination, one of many post-translational modifications, causes proteasome-mediated protein degradation by attaching ubiquitin to target proteins. Multiple deubiquitinases inhibit the ubiquitination pathway by removing the ubiquitin chain from protein, thus contributing to the stabilization of substrates. USP41 contributes to invasion, apoptosis and drug resistance in breast and lung cancer cells. However, the detailed mechanism and role of USP41 in breast cancer have not been elucidated. USP41 was overexpressed and showed poor prognosis according to the aggressive phenotype of breast cancer cells. Knockdown of USP41 inhibited migration and growth of breast cancer cells, whereas overexpression of USP41 increased cell growth and migration. In addition, depletion of USP41 downregulated Snail protein expression, an epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker, but not mRNA expression. Furthermore, USP41 interacted with and inhibited ubiquitination of Snail, resulting in the increase in Snail stabilization. Therefore, these data demonstrated that USP41 increases migration of breast cancer cells through Snail stabilization.
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- 2023
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9. Effects of acid hydrolysis waste liquid recycle on preparation of microcrystalline cellulose
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Xiu Huijuan, Cheng Rui, Li Jinbao, Ma Feiyan, Song Te, Yang Xue, Feng Pan, Zhang Xuefei, Kozliak Evguenii, and Ji Yun
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acid hydrolysis ,waste liquid ,recycling ,microcrystalline cellulose ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Large amounts of acidic waste are produced on the industrial scale during hydrolysis of partially amorphous cellulose to produce microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The essential disposal and treatment of this highly acidic liquid wastes the acid feedstock and increases the production cost. To maximize the use of acid without sacrificing the MCC product quality, this project reports a successful attempt to recycle the acid hydrolysis waste liquid, focusing on the impact of waste recycling on MCC morphology and reducing sugar in the hydrolysate. The results showed that when the waste liquid is recycled 1-5 times, no metal accumulation occurred while cellulose particles remained intact, maintaining their shape and size. Their extent of crystallinity remained nearly constant, even increasing slightly with up to three cycles. The concentration of reducing sugar showed growth when recycling the waste liquid up to three times, although not quite to the levels that would allow for its cost-effective fermentation. The acid amount to be added at the start of each cycle was near 50% of that used on the first stage.
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- 2019
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10. PTK7, a Catalytically Inactive Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Increases Oncogenic Phenotypes in Xenograft Tumors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma KYSE-30 Cells
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Won-Sik Shin, Mi-Kyung Park, Jae Hoon Kim, Si Won Oh, Ji-Yun Jang, Ho Lee, and Seung-Taek Lee
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esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ,KYSE-30 cells ,oncogene ,PTK7 ,receptor protein tyrosine kinase ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase, is upregulated in tumor tissues and cell lines of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We showed that PTK7 plays an oncogenic role in various ESCC cell lines. However, its role as an oncogene has not been demonstrated in vivo. Here, we examined the influence of PTK7 on the tumorigenic potential of ESCC KYSE-30 cells, which are known to establish xenograft tumors. Overexpression of PTK7 enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, wound healing, and migration of KYSE-30 cells, and these effects were reversed by the knockdown of PTK7. PTK7 overexpression and knockdown, respectively, increased and decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, and FAK, which are important for cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and migration. Additionally, PTK7 overexpression and silencing, respectively, increased and decreased the weight, volume, and number of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells in xenograft tumors of KYSE-30 cells. Therefore, we propose that PTK7 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of ESCC cells in vivo and is a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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- 2022
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11. The Small-Molecule Wnt Inhibitor ICG-001 Efficiently Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Stemness and Metastasis by Suppressing MEIS1 Expression
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Jang-Hyun Choi, Tae-Young Jang, So-El Jeon, Jee-Heun Kim, Choong-Jae Lee, Hyeon-Ji Yun, Ji-Youn Jung, So-Yeon Park, and Jeong-Seok Nam
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colorectal cancer ,cancer stem-like cells ,metastasis ,Wnt ,ICG-001 ,MEIS1 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis remain major obstacles in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Recent studies suggest that a small subpopulation of cells with a self-renewal ability, called cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), promotes recurrence and metastasis in CRC. Unfortunately, no CSC inhibitor has been demonstrated to be more effective than existing chemotherapeutic drugs, resulting in a significant unmet need for effective CRC therapies. In this study, transcriptomic profiling of metastatic tumors from CRC patients revealed significant upregulation in the Wnt pathway and stemness genes. Thus, we examined the therapeutic effect of the small-molecule Wnt inhibitor ICG-001 on cancer stemness and metastasis. The ICG-001 treatment efficiently attenuated self-renewal activity and metastatic potential. Mechanistically, myeloid ecotropic viral insertion site 1 (MEIS1) was identified as a target gene of ICG-001 that is transcriptionally regulated by Wnt signaling. A series of functional analyses revealed that MEIS1 enhanced the CSC behavior and metastatic potential of the CRC cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that ICG-001 efficiently inhibits CRC stemness and metastasis by suppressing MEIS1 expression. These results provide a basis for the further clinical investigation of ICG-001 as a targeted therapy for CSCs, opening a new avenue for the development of novel Wnt inhibitors for the treatment of CRC metastasis.
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- 2021
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12. Lucanthone, Autophagy Inhibitor, Enhances the Apoptotic Effects of TRAIL through miR-216a-5p-Mediated DR5 Upregulation and DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Downregulation
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Ji Yun Yoon, Seon Min Woo, Seung Un Seo, So Rae Song, Seul Gi Lee, and Taeg Kyu Kwon
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lucanthone ,DR5 ,miR-216a-5p ,Mcl-1 ,DUB3 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A lucanthone, one of the family of thioxanthenones, has been reported for its inhibitory effects of apurinic endonuclease-1 and autophagy. In this study, we investigated whether lucanthone could enhance tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in various cancer cells. Combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki and ACHN), prostate carcinoma (PC3), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells. However, combined treatment did not induce apoptosis in normal mouse kidney cells (TCMK-1) and normal human skin fibroblast (HSF). Lucanthone downregulated protein expression of deubiquitinase DUB3, and a decreased expression level of DUB3 markedly led to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of DUB3 inhibited combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, lucanthone increased expression level of DR5 mRNA via downregulation of miR-216a-5p. Transfection of miR-216a-5p mimics suppressed the lucanthone-induced DR5 upregulation. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that lucanthone enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation by downregulation of miR-216a-5p and DUB3-dependent Mcl-1 downregulation in human renal carcinoma cells.
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- 2021
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13. Eco-Friendly Water-Processable Polyimide Binders with High Adhesion to Silicon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Yujin So, Hyeon-Su Bae, Yi Young Kang, Ji Yun Chung, No Kyun Park, Jinsoo Kim, Hee-Tae Jung, Jong Chan Won, Myung-Hyun Ryou, and Yun Ho Kim
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lithium-ion batteries ,silicon anodes ,binder ,polyimide ,water-processable ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Silicon is an attractive anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its natural abundance and excellent theoretical energy density. However, Si-based electrodes are difficult to commercialize because of their significant volume changes during lithiation that can result in mechanical damage. To overcome this limitation, we synthesized an eco-friendly water-soluble polyimide (W-PI) precursor, poly(amic acid) salt (W-PAmAS), as a binder for Si anodes via a simple one-step process using water as a solvent. Using the W-PAmAS binder, a composite Si electrode was achieved by low-temperature processing at 150 °C. The adhesion between the electrode components was further enhanced by introducing 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, which contains free carboxylic acid (–COOH) groups in the W-PAmAS backbone. The –COOH of the W-PI binder chemically interacts with the surface of Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) by forming ester bonds, which efficiently bond the SiNPs, even during severe volume changes. The Si anode with W-PI binder showed improved electrochemical performance with a high capacity of 2061 mAh g−1 and excellent cyclability of 1883 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 1200 mA g−1. Therefore, W-PI can be used as a highly effective polymeric binder in Si-based high-capacity LIBs.
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- 2021
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14. Analysis of the Water Quality Characteristics of Urban Streams Using the Flow–Pollutant Loading Relationship and a Load Duration Curve (LDC)
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Ji-Yun Jang, Dae-Woong Kim, Ye-Ji Choi, and Dong-Woo Jang
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total maximum daily load ,flow–pollutant loading equation ,load duration curve ,nonpoint pollution source ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
For urban streams, wastewater inflow makes water quality management difficult. This study attempted to analyze the water quality characteristics and pollution sources for the efficient management of water quality in the upper, middle, and lower Gul-po stream reaches. The water quality and flow characteristics for each point were analyzed using five-year water quality and flow discharge data at Gul-po stream from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the flow increased and the water quality improved in the upper part of the stream, under the influence of a treated water discharge. The flow–pollutant loading equation revealed that the flow coefficient (slope of the regression equation) values of the water quality characteristics, except T-N, were lower than 1 in the upper part, indicating that the water quality decreased as the flow increased. In the middle and lower parts, the flow index values of the water quality characteristics, except T-N, were greater than 1, indicating that the water quality increased with the flow. For the middle and lower parts, the overage rate of target water quality by the Ministry of Environment was high for high-flow discharge sections, indicating the significant influence of nonpoint pollution sources. These results show that it is necessary to consider different pollution sources at each point for urban stream quality management.
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- 2021
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15. New Insights into the Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Involved in the Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Potassium Chlorate in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Nkulu Rolly Kabange, So-Yeon Park, Ji-Yun Lee, Dongjin Shin, So-Myeong Lee, Youngho Kwon, Jin-Kyung Cha, Jun-Hyeon Cho, Dang Van Duyen, Jong-Min Ko, and Jong-Hee Lee
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nitrogen use efficiency ,transcriptional regulation ,nitrate reductase ,nitrate transporter ,glutamate synthase ,potassium chlorate ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Potassium chlorate (KClO3) has been widely used to evaluate the divergence in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) between indica and japonica rice subspecies. This study investigated the transcriptional regulation of major genes involved in the NUE in rice treated with KClO3, which acts as an inhibitor of the reducing activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in higher plants. A set of two KClO3 sensitive nitrate reductase (NR) and two nitrate transporter (NRT) introgression rice lines (BC2F7), carrying the indica alleles of NR or NRT, derived from a cross between Saeilmi (japonica, P1) and Milyang23 (indica, P2), were exposed to KClO3 at the seedling stage. The phenotypic responses were recorded 7 days after treatment, and samples for gene expression, physiological, and biochemical analyses were collected at 0 h (control) and 3 h after KClO3 application. The results revealed that Saeilmi (P1, japonica) and Milyang23 (P2, indica) showed distinctive phenotypic responses. In addition, the expression of OsNR2 was differentially regulated between the roots, stem, and leaf tissues, and between introgression lines. When expressed in the roots, OsNR2 was downregulated in all introgression lines. However, in the stem and leaves, OsNR2 was upregulated in the NR introgression lines, but downregulation in the NRT introgression lines. In the same way, the expression patterns of OsNIA1 and OsNIA2 in the roots, stem, and leaves indicated a differential transcriptional regulation by KClO3, with OsNIA2 prevailing over OsNIA1 in the roots. Under the same conditions, the activity of NR was inhibited in the roots and differentially regulated in the stem and leaf tissues. Furthermore, the transcriptional divergence of OsAMT1.3 and OsAMT2.3, OsGLU1 and OsGLU2, between NR and NRT, coupled with the NR activity pattern in the roots, would indicate the prevalence of nitrate (NO3¯) transport over ammonium (NH4+) transport. Moreover, the induction of catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities in Saeilmi (P1, KClO3 resistant), and the decrease in Milyang23 (P2, KClO3 sensitive), coupled with the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicated the extent of the oxidative stress, and the induction of the adaptive response mechanism, tending to maintain a balanced reduction–oxidation state in response to KClO3. The changes in the chloroplast pigments and proline content propose these compounds as emerging biomarkers for assessing the overall plant health status. These results suggest that the inhibitory potential of KClO3 on the reduction activity of the nitrate reductase (NR), as well as that of the genes encoding the nitrate and ammonium transporters, and glutamate synthase are tissue-specific, which may differentially affect the transport and assimilation of nitrate or ammonium in rice.
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- 2021
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16. AAV-mediated PEX1 gene augmentation improves visual function in the PEX1-Gly844Asp mouse model for mild Zellweger spectrum disorder
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Jean-François Bouchard, Pierre Lachapelle, Samy Omri, Nancy Braverman, Devin S. McDougald, Ji Yun Song, Erminia Di Pietro, Bruno Cécyre, Catherine Argyriou, Anna Polosa, Joseph G. Hacia, Jean Bennett, and Bradford H. Steele
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medicine.medical_specialty ,AAV therapy ,QH426-470 ,Gene delivery ,medicine.disease_cause ,retinal gene therapy ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,metabolic disorder gene therapy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ophthalmology ,Genetics ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,PEX1 ,0303 health sciences ,Mutation ,Retina ,QH573-671 ,peroxisome biogenesis disorder ,business.industry ,Retinal ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Zellweger spectrum disorder ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Reflex ,Molecular Medicine ,Cytology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Retinopathy - Abstract
Patients with Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) commonly present with vision loss due to mutations in PEX genes required for peroxisome assembly and function. Here, we evaluate PEX1 retinal gene augmentation therapy in a mouse model of mild ZSD bearing the murine equivalent (PEX1-p[Gly844Asp]) of the most common human mutation. Experimental adeno-associated virus 8.cytomegalovirus.human PEX1.hemagglutinin (AAV8.CMV.HsPEX1.HA) and control AAV8.CMV.EGFP vectors were administered by subretinal injection in contralateral eyes of early (5-week-old)- or later (9-week-old)-stage retinopathy cohorts. HsPEX1.HA protein was expressed in the retina with no gross histologic side effects. Peroxisomal metabolic functions, assessed by retinal C26:0 lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) levels, were partially normalized after therapeutic vector treatment. Full-field flash electroretinogram (ffERG) analyses at 8 weeks post-injection showed a 2-fold improved retinal response in the therapeutic relative to control vector-injected eyes. ffERG improved by 1.6- to 2.5-fold in the therapeutic vector-injected eyes when each cohort reached 25 weeks of age. At 32 weeks of age, the average ffERG response was double in the therapeutic relative to control vector-injected eyes in both cohorts. Optomotor reflex analyses trended toward improvement. These proof-of-concept studies represent the first application of gene augmentation therapy to treat peroxisome biogenesis disorders and support the potential for retinal gene delivery to improve vision in these patients.
- Published
- 2021
17. Lucanthone, Autophagy Inhibitor, Enhances the Apoptotic Effects of TRAIL through miR-216a-5p-Mediated DR5 Upregulation and DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Downregulation
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Ji Yun Yoon, Seon Min Woo, Seung Un Seo, So Rae Song, Seul Gi Lee, and Taeg Kyu Kwon
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Cell Survival ,QH301-705.5 ,Down-Regulation ,Catalysis ,Article ,Inorganic Chemistry ,TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ,Mice ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Neoplasms ,Endopeptidases ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Humans ,DR5 ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Biology (General) ,Molecular Biology ,QD1-999 ,Spectroscopy ,Cell Proliferation ,lucanthone ,Organic Chemistry ,Mcl-1 ,Drug Synergism ,General Medicine ,miR-216a-5p ,Computer Science Applications ,Up-Regulation ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,MicroRNAs ,Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ,Chemistry ,DUB3 ,A549 Cells ,PC-3 Cells ,Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein - Abstract
A lucanthone, one of the family of thioxanthenones, has been reported for its inhibitory effects of apurinic endonuclease-1 and autophagy. In this study, we investigated whether lucanthone could enhance tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in various cancer cells. Combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki and ACHN), prostate carcinoma (PC3), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells. However, combined treatment did not induce apoptosis in normal mouse kidney cells (TCMK-1) and normal human skin fibroblast (HSF). Lucanthone downregulated protein expression of deubiquitinase DUB3, and a decreased expression level of DUB3 markedly led to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of DUB3 inhibited combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, lucanthone increased expression level of DR5 mRNA via downregulation of miR-216a-5p. Transfection of miR-216a-5p mimics suppressed the lucanthone-induced DR5 upregulation. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that lucanthone enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation by downregulation of miR-216a-5p and DUB3-dependent Mcl-1 downregulation in human renal carcinoma cells.
- Published
- 2022
18. Aquilariae Lignum Methylene Chloride Fraction Attenuates IL-1β-Driven Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglial Cells
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Jin-Seok Lee, Yoo-Jin Jeon, Ji-Yun Kang, Sam-Keun Lee, Hwa-Dong Lee, and Chang-Gue Son
- Subjects
Aquilariae Lignum ,neuroinflammation ,microglia ,NLRP3 inflammasome ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Microglial hyperactivation and neuroinflammation are known to induce neuronal death, which is one of the main causes of neurodegenerative disorders. We previously found that Aquilariae Lignum extract attenuated both neuronal excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation in vivo and in vitro. For further analysis, we extracted the methylene chloride fraction of Aquilariae Lignum to determine the bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of the Aquilariae Lignum fraction (ALF) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. BV2 cells were pretreated with ALF (0.5, 1, and 2.5 μg/mL) before treatment with LPS (1 μg/mL). Pretreatment with ALF significantly attenuated the LPS-induced overproductions of nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin (IL)-1β. These anti-inflammatory effects were supported by ALF-mediated modulation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Furthermore, ALF exerted strong anti-inflammasome effects, as shown by IL-1β-specific inhibitory activity, but not activity against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, along with inhibition of caspase-1 activity and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-related molecules. These results indicate the potent anti-neuroinflammatory activity of ALF and that its underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome-derived neuroinflammation in microglial cells.
- Published
- 2020
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19. Apelin-13 Inhibits Methylglyoxal-Induced Unfolded Protein Responses and Endothelial Dysfunction via Regulating AMPK Pathway
- Author
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Sujin Kim, Suji Kim, Ae-Rang Hwang, Hyoung Chul Choi, Ji-Yun Lee, and Chang-Hoon Woo
- Subjects
methylglyoxal ,apelin ,unfolded protein response ,endothelial dysfunction ,AMPK ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
It has been suggested that methylglyoxal (MGO), a glycolytic metabolite, has more detrimental effects on endothelial dysfunction than glucose itself. Recent reports showed that high glucose and MGO induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and myocyte apoptosis in ischemic heart disease was inhibited by apelin. The goal of the study is to investigate the molecular mechanism by which MGO induces endothelial dysfunction via the regulation of ER stress in endothelial cells, and to examine whether apelin-13, a cytoprotective polypeptide ligand, protects MGO-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction. MGO-induced ER stress and apoptosis were determined by immunoblotting and MTT assay in HUVECs. Aortic endothelial dysfunction was addressed by en face immunostaining and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation analysis with aortic rings from mice treated with MGO in the presence or absence of apelin ex vivo. TUDCA, an inhibitor of ER stress, inhibited MGO-induced apoptosis and reduction of cell viability, suggesting that MGO signaling to endothelial apoptosis is mediated via ER stress, which leads to activation of unfolded protein responses (UPR). In addition, MGO-induced UPR and aortic endothelial dysfunction were significantly diminished by apelin-13. Finally, this study showed that apelin-13 protects MGO-induced UPR and endothelial apoptosis through the AMPK pathway. Apelin-13 reduces MGO-induced UPR and endothelial dysfunction via regulating the AMPK activating pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of apelin-13 in diabetic cardiovascular complications.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Research status of transcription factors involved in controlling gene expression by nitrate signaling in higher plants
- Author
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Yu Jin Jung, Hyo Ju Lee, Kwon Kyoo Kang, Yong-Gu Cho, Jin Young Kim, Ji Yun Go, Ki Hong Nam, Joung Soon Park, and Ye Ji Lee
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,chemistry ,Gene expression ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Transcription factor ,Biotechnology ,Cell biology - Published
- 2021
21. Analysis of Ascorbic Acid, Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Contents of Parts from Selected Peach Cultivars
- Author
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Ji Yun Lee, Hae Ju Kang, Su Hyun Kwon, Mi Jang, Ji Yeong Kim, In Guk Hwang, and Gi Chang Kim
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,chemistry ,Anthocyanin ,Cultivar ,Ascorbic acid ,Carotenoid ,Food Science - Published
- 2021
22. Screening and Breeding for Biofortification of Rice with Protein and High Lysine Contents
- Author
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Sumin Jo, Ji-Yun Lee, Jonghee Lee, Jong-Min Ko, Dong-Soo Park, Ju-Won Kang, Dongjin Shin, Youngho Kwon, Sais-Beul Lee, So-Myeong Lee, and Jun-Hyeon Cho
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry ,Lysine ,Biofortification ,Plant Science ,Food science ,Biology ,Biotechnology ,Amino acid - Published
- 2021
23. Protective effects of folic acid on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in mice
- Author
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Dae Joong Kim, Sang Yoon Nam, Eun-Young Kim, Beom Jun Lee, Hyun Jik Lee, Ji Yun Sohn, and Jae-Hwang Jeong
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reactive oxygen species ,chemistry ,Folic acid ,Azoxymethane ,medicine ,Cancer research ,medicine.disease_cause ,Oxidative stress ,Colon carcinogenesis - Published
- 2021
24. Azaphilones from an Endophytic Penicillium sp. Prevent Neuronal Cell Death via Inhibition of MAPKs and Reduction of Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio
- Author
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Ki Sung Kang, Stephen T. Deyrup, Sang Hee Shim, Jae-Kyeong Kim, Ji Yun Baek, Hyukjae Choi, Sunghee Bang, SungJin Kim, and Geum Jin Kim
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Programmed cell death ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Cell ,Glutamate receptor ,Neurotoxicity ,Pharmaceutical Science ,medicine.disease ,Neuroprotection ,Analytical Chemistry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Apoptosis ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Molecular Medicine ,Phosphorylation ,Intracellular - Abstract
Fourteen azaphilone-type polyketides (1-14), including nine new ones (1-6 and 8-10), were isolated from cultures of Vitex rotundifolia-associated Penicillium sp. JVF17, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis together with computational methods and chemical reactions. Neuroprotective effects of the isolated compounds were evaluated against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Treatment with compounds 3, 6, 7, and 11-14 increased cell viabilities of hippocampal neuronal cells damaged by glutamate, with compound 12 being the most potent. Compound 12 markedly decreased intracellular Ca2+ and nuclear condensation levels. Mechanistically, molecular markers of apoptosis induced by treatment with glutamate, i.e., phosphorylation of MAPKs and elevated Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, were significantly lowered by compound 12. The azaphilones with an isoquinoline core structure were more active than those with pyranoquinones, but N-substitution decreased the activity. This study, including the structure-activity relationship, indicates that the azaphilone scaffold is a promising lead toward the development of novel neuroprotective agents.
- Published
- 2021
25. Validation of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) approaches as alternatives to skin sensitization risk assessment
- Author
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Ji Yun Kim, Kyu-Bong Kim, and Byung-Mu Lee
- Subjects
Quantitative structure–activity relationship ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Local lymph node assay ,Chemistry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Skin sensitization ,Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ,Reproducibility of Results ,Allergens ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,Risk Assessment ,Quantitative Structure Property Relationship ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Models, Chemical ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk assessment ,Sensitization ,Skin Tests - Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to validate the physicochemical properties of a total of 362 chemicals [305 skin sensitizers (212 in the previous study + 93 additional new chemicals), 57 non-skin sensitizers (38 in the previous study + 19 additional new chemicals)] for skin sensitization risk assessment using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)/quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approaches. The average melting point (MP), surface tension (ST), and density (DS) of the 305 skin sensitizers and 57 non-sensitizers were used to determine the cutoff values distinguishing positive and negative sensitization, and correlation coefficients were employed to derive effective 3-fold concentration (EC3 (%)) values. QSAR models were also utilized to assess skin sensitization. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80, 15, and 70%, respectively, for the Toxtree QSAR model; 88, 46, and 81%, respectively, for Vega; and 56, 61, and 56%, respectively, for Danish EPA QSAR. Surprisingly, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 60, 80, and 64%, respectively, when MP, ST, and DS (MP+ST+DS) were used in this study. Further, MP+ST+DS exhibited a sensitivity of 77%, specificity 57%, and accuracy 73% when the derived EC3 values were classified into local lymph node assay (LLNA) skin sensitizer and non-sensitizer categories. Thus, MP, ST, and DS may prove useful in predicting EC3 values as not only an alternative approach to animal testing but also for skin sensitization risk assessment.
- Published
- 2021
26. Proteomic analysis reveals the protective role of exogenous hydrogen sulfide against salt stress in rice seedlings
- Author
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Juan Chen, Ji-Yun Liu, Zhi-Jun Shen, Huan Li, Ming-Yue Wei, Xiang Liu, Hu Wenjun, Fang Qiao, Hai-Lei Zheng, and Chun-Quan Zhu
- Subjects
Proteomics ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Antioxidant ,Proteome ,Physiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Protein metabolism ,Sodium hydrosulfide ,Sulfides ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Protective Agents ,medicine.disease_cause ,Salt Stress ,Biochemistry ,Phosphoglycerate mutase ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Hydrogen Sulfide ,Protein Interaction Maps ,Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase ,Abiotic stress ,Chemistry ,Oryza ,equipment and supplies ,Enzymes ,Pyruvate carboxylase ,Plant Leaves ,030104 developmental biology ,Seedlings ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important gaseous signal molecule which participates in various abiotic stress responses. However, the underlying mechanism of H2S associated salt tolerance remains elusive. In this study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, donor of H2S) was used to investigate the protective role of H2S against salt stress at the biochemical and proteomic levels. Antioxidant activity and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of rice seedlings treated by NaCl or/and exogenous H2S were investigated by the methods of biochemical approaches and comparative proteomic analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was used for understanding the interaction networks of stress responsive proteins. In addition, relative mRNA levels of eight selected identified DEPs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The result showed that H2S alleviated oxidative damage caused by salt stress in rice seedling. The activities of some antioxidant enzymes and glutathione metabolism were mediated by H2S under salt stress. Proteomics analyses demonstrated that NaHS regulated antioxidant related proteins abundances and affected related enzyme activities under salt stress. Proteins related to light reaction system (PsbQ domain protein, plastocyanin oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein), Calvin cycle (phosphoglycerate kinase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase precursor, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and chlorophyll biosynthesis (glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase) are important for NaHS against salt stress. ATP synthesis related proteins, malate dehydrogenase and 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase were up-regulated by NaHS under salt stress. Protein metabolism related proteins and cell structure related proteins were recovered or up-regulated by NaHS under salt stress. The PPI analysis further unraveled a complicated regulation network among above biological processes to enhance the tolerance of rice seedling to salt stress under H2S treatment. Overall, our results demonstrated that H2S takes protective roles in salt tolerance by mitigating oxidative stress, recovering photosynthetic capacity, improving primary and energy metabolism, strengthening protein metabolism and consolidating cell structure in rice seedlings.
- Published
- 2021
27. Cryptotanshinone Prevents the Binding of S6K1 to mTOR/Raptor Leading to the Suppression of mTORC1-S6K1 Signaling Activity and Neoplastic Cell Transformation
- Author
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Nam Ho Jeoung, Ji Yun Jeong, and Bong Seok Kang
- Subjects
Cell growth ,Chemistry ,Growth factor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Raptor protein ,Cell ,P70-S6 Kinase 1 ,mTORC1 ,Cell biology ,cryptotanshinone ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cancer cell ,neoplastic cell transformation ,medicine ,Neoplastic transformation ,Original Article ,p70S6K ,PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway - Abstract
Cryptotanshinone is known for its inhibitory activity against tumorigenesis in various human cancer cells. However, exact mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of cryptotanshinone are not fully elucidated. Here, we propose a plausible molecular mechanism, wherein cryptotanshinone represses rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1/S6K1 mediated cancer cell growth and cell transformation. We investigated the various effects of cryptotanshinone on the mTORC1/S6K1 axis, which is associated with the regulation of cell growth in response to nutritional and growth factor signals. We found that cryptotanshinone specifically inhibited the mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of S6K1, which consequently suppressed the clonogenicity of SK-Hep1 cells and the neoplastic transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells induced by insulin-like growth factor-1. Finally, we observed that cryptotanshinone prevented S6K1 from binding to the Raptor/mTOR complex, rather than regulating mTOR and its upstream pathway. Overall, our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying anti-cancer effects cryptotanshinone targeting mTORC1 signaling, contributing to the development of anticancer agents involving metabolic cancer treatment.
- Published
- 2021
28. Urinary Free Metanephrines for Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- Author
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Soo-Youn Lee, Ji Yun Park, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim, Gyuri Kim, Jiyeon Ahn, and Kyu Yeon Hur
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Urinary system ,Adrenal Gland ,Urology ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Urine ,Pheochromocytoma ,Normetanephrine ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,Paraganglioma ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,medicine ,Humans ,Metanephrine ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Brief Report ,Area under the curve ,Metanephrines ,medicine.disease ,RC648-665 ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business - Abstract
Background Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) is diagnosed through biochemical confirmation of excessive catecholamines in urine and plasma. Recent technological developments have allowed us to measure urinary free metanephrines; however, the diagnostic accuracy of these new methods and the diagnostic cutoff values have not been evaluated. Methods This is a retrospective study of 595 subjects, including 71 PPGL cases and 524 controls. PPGL was based on pathological confirmation. Subjects with no evidence of PPGL over 2 years were included in the control group. Results Urinary free metanephrines yielded similar area under the curve (AUC) to urinary fractionated metanephrines and plasma free metanephrines. However, urinary free normetanephrine yielded a better AUC than did urinary fractionated normetanephrine. The optimal cutoff for urinary free metanephrine and normetanephrine corrected for urinary creatinine yielded 97.2% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity. Conclusion Urinary free metanephrines are a reliable method for diagnosing PPGL in Asian populations compared with existing biochemical methods.
- Published
- 2021
29. Cellular export of sugars and amino acids: role in feeding other cells and organisms
- Author
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Michael M. Wudick, Wolf B. Frommer, Eliza P I Loo, Tin Yau Pang, Ji-Yun Kim, and Martin J. Lercher
- Subjects
Sucrose ,Membranes, Transport and Bioenergetics ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01280 ,Physiology ,Plant Science ,Plasmodesma ,Phloem ,Update ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Genetics ,Raffinose ,Sieve tube element ,Amino Acids ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01270 ,Permease ,AcademicSubjects/SCI02288 ,AcademicSubjects/SCI02287 ,AcademicSubjects/SCI02286 ,Plasmodesmata ,food and beverages ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Nectar secretion ,Biological Transport ,Amino acid ,Focus Issue on Transport and Signaling ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Efflux ,Sugars - Abstract
Sucrose, hexoses, and raffinose play key roles in the plant metabolism. Sucrose and raffinose, produced by photosynthesis, are translocated from leaves to flowers, developing seeds and roots. Translocation occurs in the sieve elements or sieve tubes of angiosperms. But how is sucrose loaded into and unloaded from the sieve elements? There seem to be two principal routes: one through plasmodesmata and one via the apoplasm. The best-studied transporters are the H+/SUCROSE TRANSPORTERs (SUTs) in the sieve element-companion cell complex. Sucrose is delivered to SUTs by SWEET sugar uniporters that release these key metabolites into the apoplasmic space. The H+/amino acid permeases and the UmamiT amino acid transporters are hypothesized to play analogous roles as the SUT-SWEET pair to transport amino acids. SWEETs and UmamiTs also act in many other important processes—for example, seed filling, nectar secretion, and pollen nutrition. We present information on cell type-specific enrichment of SWEET and UmamiT family members and propose several members to play redundant roles in the efflux of sucrose and amino acids across different cell types in the leaf. Pathogens hijack SWEETs and thus represent a major susceptibility of the plant. Here, we provide an update on the status of research on intercellular and long-distance translocation of key metabolites such as sucrose and amino acids, communication of the plants with the root microbiota via root exudates, discuss the existence of transporters for other important metabolites and provide potential perspectives that may direct future research activities., An update on intercellular and long-distance translocation of sugars and amino acids, including plant-root microbiota communication, other metabolite transporters is provided, and perspectives are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
30. Determining the kinetics of sunflower hulls using dilute acid pretreatment in the production of xylose and furfural
- Author
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Kamireddy Srinivas Reddy, Kozliak Evguenii I., Tucker Melvin, and Ji Yun
- Subjects
arrhenius parameters ,hemicellulose ,kinetic model ,pretreatment ,sunflower hulls ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Pretreatment of sunflower hulls was conducted under varied dilute acid concentrations (0.5–2.0 wt%), reaction temperatures ranging between 140°C and 160°C and the reaction time up to 30 min. The conversion of xylan into xylose and furfural was investigated. The maximum xylose and furfural recoveries, 54.5±0.7 and 24.0±1.1 wt%, respectively, were obtained at different reaction times with 2.0 wt% acid concentration at 160°C. The experimental data were fitted into a two-step kinetic model based on irreversible pseudo-first-order kinetics at each step. The model was successfully validated using the F-test. Sunflower hulls showed a greater recalcitrance to acid pretreatment than other agricultural crops, such as kenaf, sorghum and sunn hemp. This feature was ascribed to the occurrence of a wax layer on the cell wall surface with a high lignin content, which may act as a barrier hindering the acid access to acetyl linkages in xylan.
- Published
- 2014
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31. Anti-cancer effects of Fenbendazole and Paclitaxel combination on HL-60 cells
- Author
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Ji Yun Sung and Hong-Gu Joo
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Programmed cell death ,Reactive oxygen species ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Paclitaxel ,chemistry ,Cell culture ,Annexin ,Fenbendazole ,medicine ,Propidium iodide ,Fluorescein isothiocyanate ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Fenbendazole (FBZ) is one of the safest anthelmintic drugs. FBZ has been found to have anti-cancer effects by destabilizing microtubules. In this study, a synergistic effect of paclitaxel (PA), a microtubule-stabilizing anti-cancer agent, and FBZ was investigated on HL-60 cells, a human leukemia cell line. The metabolic activity of cells significantly decreased and the nucleus morphology upon the treatment of FBZ and PA based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay and Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively. To investigate the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the metabolic activity of the cells after treatment of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was measured. Indeed, NAC significantly increased the metabolic activity of the cells treated with FBZ and PA, suggesting that both drugs affect at least in part via ROS. Furthermore, FBZ and PA increased cell death in an annexin V- fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining assay. Taken together, FBZ and PA have a synergistic anti-cancer activity on HL-60 cells at a certain concentration. These results may provide researchers and clinicians in cancer-related fields with some valuable information to broaden the use of FBZ.
- Published
- 2021
32. Characterization of the metabolites of trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucoside in monkeys and dogs
- Author
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Mao-Jin Zhou, Mei-Ying Su, Chao Dong, Ji-Yun Wan, and Wen-Dong Qu
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,endocrine system diseases ,Trans-resveratrol ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,organic chemicals ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Pharmaceutical Science ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Metabolic pathway ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Biochemistry ,Glucoside ,Drug Discovery ,Molecular Medicine - Abstract
In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem multi-stage mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) method was established to characterize the metabolites of TRG in monkeys and dogs. A total of seven metabolites of TRG besides the prototype were found, which were identified as TR (M1), TRN (M2), trans-resveratrol-4'-O-glucuronide (M2'), trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucoside-4'-O-glucuronide (M3), trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucoside-5-O-glucuronide (M3'), trans-resveratrol-3-sulfate (M4) and trans-resveratrol-4'-sulfate (M4'). Additionally, the metabolic pathways of TRG in monkeys and dogs were proposed. There were also species differences of metabolism of TRG between monkeys and dogs.
- Published
- 2021
33. Realization of Wafer‐Scale 1T‐MoS 2 Film for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
- Author
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Hee Joon Jung, Ji-Yun Moon, Dongmok Whang, Kyu-Young Park, Hyunho Seok, Vinayak P. Dravid, Jae-Hyun Lee, Jonghwan Park, Taesung Kim, Hyeong-U Kim, Byeong-Seon An, and Mansu Kim
- Subjects
Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,Sulfidation ,02 engineering and technology ,Chemical vapor deposition ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrocatalyst ,Electrochemistry ,Trigonal prismatic molecular geometry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,General Energy ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Molybdenum disulfide ,Hydrogen production - Abstract
The octahedral structure of 2D molybdenum disulfide (1T-MoS2 ) has attracted attention as a high-efficiency and low-cost electrocatalyst for hydrogen production. However, the large-scale synthesis of 1T-MoS2 films has not been realized because of higher formation energy compared to that of the trigonal prismatic phase (2H)-MoS2 . In this study, a uniform wafer-scale synthesis of the metastable 1T-MoS2 film is performed by sulfidation of the Mo metal layer using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) system. Thus, plasma-containing highly reactive ions and radicals of the sulfurization precursor enable the synthesis of 1T-MoS2 at 150 °C. Electrochemical analysis of 1T-MoS2 shows enhanced catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) compared to that of previously reported MoS2 electrocatalysts 1T-MoS2 does not transform into stable 2H-MoS2 even after 1000 cycles of HER. The proposed low-temperature synthesis approach may offer a promising solution for the facile production of various metastable-phase 2D materials.
- Published
- 2021
34. Carfilzomib in addition to lenalidomide and dexamethasone in Asian patients with RRMM outside of a clinical trial
- Author
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Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jin Seok Kim, Kihyun Kim, Ji Yun Lee, Young Rok Do, Dae Sik Kim, Ho Sup Lee, Jae-Cheol Jo, Je-Jung Lee, Yong Park, Won Sik Lee, Yoo Jin Lee, Dong-Yeop Shin, Myung Hee Chang, Ji Hyun Lee, Ka-Won Kang, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyeok Shim, Chang-Ki Min, Sung-Soo Yoon, and Youngil Koh
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Dexamethasone ,Disease-Free Survival ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Refractory ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Republic of Korea ,Humans ,Medicine ,education ,Adverse effect ,Lenalidomide ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Carfilzomib ,Progression-Free Survival ,Clinical trial ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cohort ,Female ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Multiple Myeloma ,business ,Oligopeptides ,030215 immunology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (KRd) effectively improve survival in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, the outcome of KRd treatment in Asian patients reflecting a general RRMM population outside of a clinical trial has not been reported. Fifty-five RRMM patients who were treated with carfilzomib in combination with Rd from the time of the first approval of KRd in the Republic of Korea were analyzed. The median age was 61 years. The percentage of patients with an ECOG performance status ≥ 3, creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min, high-risk cytogenetics, and ≥ 4 lines of prior treatment were 9%, 22%, 31%, and 27%, respectively. Forty-one patients started treatment with KRd, whereas the remaining 14 patients (25%) were added carfilzomib during the Rd treatment. In the whole cohort, the overall response rate was 73% and progression-free survival was 8.8 months. The addition of carfilzomib in patients who were refractory or had disease progression during Rd treatment reattained a response in half of the patients. The advantage of carfilzomib with Rd was significant in patients in the first relapse. Toxicity profile was acceptable, excluding severe infections. Carfilzomib in combination with Rd is effective and has a reasonable adverse event rate in Asian patients with RRMM.
- Published
- 2021
35. Evidence for phloem loading via the abaxial bundle sheath cells in maize leaves
- Author
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Colin P.S. Kruse, Wolf B. Frommer, Ji-Yun Kim, Margaret Bezrutczyk, Tobias Lautwein, Karl Köhrer, Thomas Hartwig, and Nora R. Zöllner
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Sucrose ,Arabidopsis ,Plant Science ,Phloem ,Biology ,Zea mays ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Parenchyma ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Research Articles ,Plant Proteins ,Phloem loading ,fungi ,food and beverages ,RNA ,Cell Biology ,Vascular bundle ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,Plant Leaves ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Hordeum vulgare ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Leaves are asymmetric, with different functions for adaxial and abaxial tissue. The bundle sheath (BS) of C3 barley (Hordeum vulgare) is dorsoventrally differentiated into three types of cells: adaxial structural, lateral S-type, and abaxial L-type BS cells. Based on plasmodesmatal connections between S-type cells and mestome sheath (parenchymatous cell layer below bundle sheath), S-type cells likely transfer assimilates toward the phloem. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate BS differentiation in C4 maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Abaxial BS (abBS) cells of rank-2 intermediate veins specifically expressed three SWEET sucrose uniporters (SWEET13a, b, and c) and UmamiT amino acid efflux transporters. SWEET13a, b, c mRNAs were also detected in the phloem parenchyma (PP). We show that maize has acquired a mechanism for phloem loading in which abBS cells provide the main route for apoplasmic sucrose transfer toward the phloem. This putative route predominates in veins responsible for phloem loading (rank-2 intermediate), whereas rank-1 intermediate and major veins export sucrose from the PP adjacent to the sieve element companion cell complex, as in Arabidopsis thaliana. We surmise that abBS identity is subject to dorsoventral patterning and has components of PP identity. These observations provide insights into the unique transport-specific properties of abBS cells and support a modification to the canonical phloem loading pathway in maize.
- Published
- 2021
36. Application of Internet of Things in a Kitchen Fire Prevention System
- Author
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Wei-Ling Hsu, Ji-Yun Jhuang, Chien-Shiun Huang, Chiu-Kuo Liang, and Yan-Chyuan Shiau
- Subjects
flame detector ,temperature sensor ,gas sensor ,gas shutoff device ,Line reporting system ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
When using a gas stove to cook, the food or oil in the pot or pan may catch fire because of an excessively high temperature. In addition, people may be uncertain as to whether they have turned off the gas stove before leaving home and therefore feel compelled to return home to check. To solve these problems, this study has developed a smart kitchen fire prevention system that possesses the following devices and functions. (1) Sensors are installed above the stove top. When they detect flames, high temperature, or a gas leak, they immediately activate the gas shutoff device to turn off the gas supply. (2) The alarm produces a loud sound and flashes to warn the residents. (3) The Line reporting system sends Line messages to notify the residents and the community management center, and the main entrance door is automatically unlocked to allow relevant personnel to enter the house to deal with the accident. (4) An Internet protocol camera is installed in the kitchen to enable the residents to monitor the gas stove on their mobile phones. If they find the gas stove is still turned on, they can activate the gas shutoff device to shut off the gas supply from their phones. The system developed in this study can effectively reduce the loss that results from a kitchen fire.
- Published
- 2019
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37. BGJ398, A Pan-FGFR Inhibitor, Overcomes Paclitaxel Resistance in Urothelial Carcinoma with FGFR1 Overexpression
- Author
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Se Hyun Kim, Haram Ryu, Chan-Young Ock, Koung Jin Suh, Ji Yun Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Soo-Mee Bang, Jee Hyun Kim, Jong Seok Lee, Joong Bae Ahn, Kui-Jin Kim, and Sun Young Rha
- Subjects
urothelial carcinoma ,paclitaxel ,FGFR ,epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ,BGJ398 ,FGFR inhibitor ,combination therapy ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is commonly used to treat urothelial carcinoma (UC) after platinum-based chemotherapy has failed. However, single-agent taxane therapy is not sufficient to inhibit tumor progression and drug resistance in advanced UC. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1 signaling has been proposed as a mechanism of PTX resistance, but it is unclear whether this can be overcome by FGFR1 inhibition. The present study investigated whether FGFR1 overexpression contributes to PTX resistance and whether FGFR inhibition can enhance PTX efficacy in UC. The effects of PTX combined with the FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 were evaluated in UC cell lines by flow cytometry; Western blot analysis; cell viability, migration, and colony forming assays; and RNA interference. PTX+BGJ398 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in UC cells with mesenchymal characteristics was accompanied by downregulation of cyclin D1 protein and upregulation of gamma-histone 2A family member X and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Additionally, PTX+BGJ398 synergistically suppressed UC cell migration and colony formation via regulation of EMT-associated factors, while FGFR1 knockdown enhanced the antitumor effect of PTX. These findings provide a basis for development of effective strategies for overcoming PTX resistance in UC through inhibition of FGFR1 signaling.
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- 2018
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- View/download PDF
38. Anti-inflammatory Property of Chicken Feet, Acanthopanax, and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver Mixture Extract in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells
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강기성 ( Ki Sung Kang ), 백지윤 ( Ji Yun Baek ), and 김현영 ( Hyun Young Kim )
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lipopolysaccharide ,Traditional medicine ,Chemistry ,ved/biology ,medicine.drug_class ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,medicine ,Macrophage ,Eucommia ulmoides ,Anti-inflammatory ,Nitric oxide - Published
- 2020
39. Implications of Tamoxifen Resistance in Palbociclib Efficacy for Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: Subgroup Analyses of KCSG-BR15-10 (YoungPEARL)
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Hee Kyung Ahn, Seok Yun Kang, Seock-Ah Im, Gun Min Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Yeon Hee Park, In Hae Park, Ji Yun Lee, and Kyung Hae Jung
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Oncology ,Cancer Research ,Pyridines ,Receptor, ErbB-2 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,CDK4/6 inhibitor ,Piperazines ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Exemestane ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Multicenter Studies as Topic ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Mastectomy ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,education.field_of_study ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,Metastatic breast cancer ,Progression-Free Survival ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ,Original Article ,Female ,Receptors, Progesterone ,medicine.drug ,Endocrine therapy ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ,Population ,Breast Neoplasms ,Palbociclib ,Capecitabine ,Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ,Internal medicine ,Breast Cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Androstadienes ,Tamoxifen ,chemistry ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business - Abstract
Purpose YoungPEARL (KCSG-BR15-10) trial demonstrated a significant progression-free survival (PFS) benefit for premenopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HR+/HER2–) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) for palbociclib plus exemestane with ovarian function suppression compared to capecitabine. However, the number of tamoxifen-sensitive premenopausal patients was small because most recurrences occurred early during adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), with tamoxifen being the only drug used; hence, the data for these patients were limited. Here we present a subgroup analysis according to tamoxifen sensitivity from the YoungPEARL study. Materials and Methods Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive palbociclib+ET (oral exemestane 25 mg/day for 28 days, palbociclib 125 mg/day for 21 days, plus leuprolide 3.75 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks) or chemotherapy (oral capecitabine 1,250 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 days every 3 weeks). Tamoxifen resistance was defined as: relapse while on adjuvant tamoxifen, relapse within 12 months of completing adjuvant tamoxifen, or progression while on first-line tamoxifen within 6 months for MBC.Results In total, 184 patients were randomized and 178 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. PFS improvement in the palbociclib+ET group was observed in tamoxifen-sensitive patients (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 1.19). Furthermore, palbociclib+ET prolonged median PFS compared with capecitabine in tamoxifen-sensitive (20.5 months vs. 12.6 months) and tamoxifen-resistant (20.1 months vs. 14.5 months) patients. Palbociclib+ET demonstrated a higher rate of objective response, disease control, and clinical benefit in tamoxifen-sensitive patients. Conclusion This post hoc exploratory analysis suggests that palbociclib+ET is a promising therapeutic option for premenopausal HR+/HER2– MBC patients irrespective of tamoxifen sensitivity.
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- 2020
40. Anti-inflammatory effect of neo-lignan isoamericanin A via suppression of NF-κB in liposaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells
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Ji Yun Yeo, So-Young Park, and Kwang Woo Hwang
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0301 basic medicine ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,medicine.drug_class ,Pharmaceutical Science ,NF-κB ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,NFKB1 ,040401 food science ,Molecular biology ,Anti-inflammatory ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Nitric oxide ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cytosol ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Western blot ,medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,RAW 264.7 Cells - Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of the seeds of Opuntina humifusa and its active constituents.Methods: The extract of O. humifusa seeds was tested for the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in liposaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using Griess reagent. The active constituents were isolated using bioassay-guided isolation methods. The effects of the active constituent on NO, proinflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor (IκB) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis.Results: The seed extract of O. humifusa significantly attenuated LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells (p < 0.05). Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of isoamericanin A as an active constituent. Isoamericanin A reduced LPS-induced production of NO, iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the effect was accompanied by decreased translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus and the decreased phosphorylation of IκB in the cytosol induced by LPS (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The seed extract of O. humifusa and its active constituent, isoamericanin A, have antiinflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting that they have potentials as antiinflammatory agents. Keywords: Opuntia humifusa seeds, Isoamericanin A, Nitric oxide, RAW 264.7 cells, NF-kappa B
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- 2020
41. Phytoglycoprotein isolated from Dioscorea batatas Decne promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing
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Young-Min Lee, Jong Pil Park, Kye-Taek Lim, Sei-Jung Lee, and Ji-Yun Kim
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Male ,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases ,Inflammation ,01 natural sciences ,Cell Line ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Protein kinase A ,Protein Kinase C ,Protein kinase C ,Glycoproteins ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Mice, Inbred ICR ,Dioscorea ,010405 organic chemistry ,Cell migration ,General Medicine ,Colitis ,Molecular biology ,0104 chemical sciences ,IκBα ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ,medicine.symptom ,Glycoprotein ,Wound healing ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD) has been used to heal various illnesses of the kidney and intestine as an herbal medicine in Asia. As a source of therapeutic agents, many glycoproteins have been isolated from mushrooms and plants, but the functional role of glycoprotein in intestinal epithelial wound healing has not been understood yet. In the present study, we investigated the wound healing potentials of the 30 kDa glycoprotein (DBD glycoprotein) isolated from DBD in human intestinal epithelial (INT-407) cells. We found that DBD glycoprotein (100 μg·mL-1) significantly increased the motility of INT-407 cells for 24 h by activating protein kinase C (PKC). DBD glycoprotein stimulated the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is responsible for the phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα). DBD glycoprotein increased the level of profilin-1 (PFN1), α-actinin and F-actin expression via activation of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) during its promotion of cell migration. Experimental mouse colitis was induced by adding dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the drinking water at a concentration of 4% (W/V) for 7 days. We figured out that administration of DBD glycoprotein (10 and 20 mg·kg-1) lowers the levels of disease activity index and histological inflammation in DSS-treated ICR mice. In this regard, we suggest that DBD glycoprotein has ability to promote the F-actin-related migration signaling events via activation of PKC and NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells and prevent inflammatory bowel disease.
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- 2020
42. Chronic Intestinal Inflammation Suppresses Brain Activity by Inducing Neuroinflammation in Mice
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Eunok Im, Marisa Patel, Cody Howe, Jaewon Lee, Ji Yun Her, Su Jin Kim, Sang Hoon Rhee, Jonathon Mitchell, Seulah Lee, and Gayoung Kim
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Lipopolysaccharides ,Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Memory, Long-Term ,Lipopolysaccharide ,Hippocampus ,Endogeny ,HMGB1 ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Permeability ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Cell Line ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Pyroptosis ,Animals ,HMGB1 Protein ,Neuroinflammation ,Inflammation ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Regular Article ,medicine.disease ,Colitis ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Intestines ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Blood-Brain Barrier ,Astrocytes ,Caspases ,Circulatory system ,Chronic Disease ,biology.protein ,Cytokines ,Microglia ,business - Abstract
Chronic gut inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease is believed to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases in humans. The direct evidence for and the underlying mechanism of this brain-gut interaction, however, remain elusive. We used manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to assess functional brain activity from awake and freely moving mice with chronic colitis. We found that manganese ion uptake (indicative of Ca2+ influx into neuronal cells) and accumulation were reduced in the hippocampus of chronic colitis mice compared with control mice. Long-term memory declined in mice with chronic colitis. Neuroinflammatory signals, including IL-1β production and activation of caspase-1, caspase-11, and gasdermin, were induced in the hippocampus of chronic colitis mice. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels were elevated both in the serum and in the hippocampus of chronic colitis mice; however, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels remained at low levels without significant changes in these samples. The blood-brain barrier permeability was increased in chronic colitis mice. In the presence of LPS, accordingly, HMGB1 treatment induced the activation of caspase-11 and gasdermin in the mouse microglial cell line SIM-A9. Our findings suggest that HMGB1 released from the inflamed intestine may move to the brain through the blood circulatory system; in conjunction with a low level of endogenous LPS, elevated HMGB1 can subsequently activate caspase-mediated inflammatory responses in the brain.
- Published
- 2022
43. Evaluation of sugar and organic acid composition and their levels in highbush blueberries from two regions of China
- Author
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Saqib Farooq, Jia Zhang, Jie Wang, Hui Zhang, Ji-yun Nie, Ye Li, Jing Li, and Syed Asim Shah Bacha
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0106 biological sciences ,Sucrose ,Agriculture (General) ,Titratable acid ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,S1-972 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Food Animals ,level ,Food science ,Sugar ,blueberry ,organic acid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,evaluation ,Ecology ,Fructose ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Quinic acid ,Shikimic acid ,chemistry ,sugar ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Citric acid ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science ,Organic acid - Abstract
Sweet and sour are the most important taste of blueberries, and they are produced by sugar and acid, respectively. Their contributions to the taste depend not only on the levels of sugar and acid, but also on the types and relative proportions of sugar and acid. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the composition and levels of sugar and acid in blueberries. Regional differences and variety diversity also affect the sugar and acid characteristics of fruits. Therefore, this study selected two main producing regions in northern China (Weihai and Yingkou) to examine the sugar and acid characteristics of 11 common blueberry cultivars. The indexes measured included soluble sugars, organic acids, soluble solid content and titratable acidity. The results showed that glucose and fructose were the major sugars, and citric acid and quinic acid were the major organic acids. Correlation analysis showed that glucose, fructose, and sucrose were positively correlated with total sugar content; the citric acid content was positively correlated with the titratable acidity and total organic acids. Titratable acidity, glucose, fructose, sucrose, total sugar content, citric acid, shikimic acid and total acid content of the blueberries varied significantly between regions (P
- Published
- 2020
44. Structure and Soft-Packed Cell Performance of Nano-Particle LiFePO4 Prepared by Spray-Drying Method
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Shuo Yin, Ji Yun Liu, Ling Li Zuo, Meng Wang, Yun Bo Chen, Yang Zhang, Lin Chen, Cheng Lu, Li Bo Zhang, and Yi Qiao Wang
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Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Lithium iron phosphate ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Spray drying ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Well-crystallized and nanosized LiFePO4/C composite have been successfully synthesized by spray-drying under N2 atmosphere. The morphology, physical and electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4/C were tested and analyzed. The charge transfer resistances (Rct) and chemical diffusion coefficients of lithium ions (DLi+) in LiFePO4/C was systematically tested by EIS. The results show that the lithium ions diffusion coefficients obtained from EIS is 1.58×10-14 cm2·s-1. The assembled soft-packed cell with LiFePO4/C show better rate capability and cycling stability. The average capacity retention of LiFePO4/C soft-packed cell decreases to 100%, 98.9%, 96.5%, 92.4%, and 90.3% when current rate increases to 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3C, respectively. The capacity retention after 80 cycles is retained at more than 99%.
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- 2020
45. Preparation and optical properties of linear polysiloxane-based glassy cholesteric liquid crystals with green reflected colour
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Ji-Yun Zhou, Ying-Gang Jia, and Chao-Guang Wu
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Polymethylhydrosiloxane ,Materials science ,010405 organic chemistry ,Hydrosilylation ,Mesogen ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Left handedness ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Monomer ,chemistry ,Liquid crystal ,Copolymer ,Selective reflection ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A new series of glassy chiral-nematic liquid crystals P-ChxNy, were synthesised by hydrosilylation reaction of chiral mesogenic monomer Ch and nematic monomer N grafted onto polymethylhydrosiloxane...
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- 2020
46. Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induces the Apoptotic Cell Death Mediated by Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Keratinocyte
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Ji-Yun Kim, Junghee Sung, Sei-Jung Lee, Yong-ung Kim, and Jeong-Bae Park
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reactive oxygen species ,chemistry ,Apoptotic cell death ,Extracellular signal-regulated kinases ,Phthalate ,Human keratinocyte ,Nuclear factor kappa b ,Cell biology - Published
- 2020
47. A short-term, hydroponic-culture of ginseng results in a significant increase in the anti-oxidative activity and bioactive components
- Author
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Tae Kyung Lee, Jong-Eun Kim, Jung Han Yoon Park, Chang Hyung Lee, Ji Won Seo, Ji Yun Lee, Hee Yang, Seo Yeong Kim, and Ki Won Lee
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Antioxidant ,Ginsenosides ,medicine.medical_treatment ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Article ,Panax ginseng CA Meyer ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ginseng ,Functional food ,medicine ,Food science ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Hydroponic culture ,010401 analytical chemistry ,food and beverages ,Phenolic compounds ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Ginsenoside ,Hydroponic cultivation ,Shoot ,Anti oxidative ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Panax ginseng CA Meyer has a variety of biological effects, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Ginseng requires long-term cultivation, but this can be shortened using hydroponic systems to facilitate the commercial development of ginseng as a functional food. However, the characteristics of short-term-cultured (
- Published
- 2020
48. Mechanical properties and machinability of GYGAG:Ce ceramic scintillators
- Author
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Haochuan Jiang, Zhaohua Luo, Ji-Yun Zhang, Xuting Qiu, and Jun Jiang
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Materials science ,Machinability ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Scintillator ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramic ,Gallium ,010302 applied physics ,Scintillation ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Doping ,Yttrium ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Photodiode ,chemistry ,visual_art ,Ceramics and Composites ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Cerium doped gadolinium yttrium gallium aluminum garnet ceramics, GYGAG:Ce for short, have drawn a lot of attention and showed a very promising application in medical CT detectors. This mainly attributes to their excellent scintillation properties, such as high light output, low afterglow, fast decay and high x-ray stopping power. In order to provide more accurate lesion location in real CT diagnosis, ceramic scintillators need to be machined into regular pixelated arrays, and the pixels should well match with the photodiode elements. Therefore, in addition to the scintillation characteristics, the mechanical properties and machinability of these ceramic scintillators should have been studied further, but such data and references are limited. In this research, we focused on the mechanical properties and the machinability behaviour of GYGAG:Ce ceramics. It was observed that GYGAG:Ce ceramics with grain size around 8 μm have the highest mechanical strength, and are highly suitable for machining process to achieve fine array pixels, for which a strict dimensional tolerance needs to be held.
- Published
- 2020
49. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonistic Effect and Ginsenoside Content of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Cultivar Root Extracts
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Je Hun Choi, Gwi Yeong Jang, Hyung Don Kim, Hyeon Soo Jeong, Dong Yun Hyun, Dong Hwi Kim, Jang Uk Kim, Seung-Eun Lee, and Ji Yun Jeong
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D aspartate ,Ginseng ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Ginsenoside ,Pharmaceutical Science ,NMDA receptor ,Anti inflammation ,Plant Science ,Cultivar ,Pharmacology ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2020
50. Safety and Physicochemical Activities of Allium Hookeri
- Author
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Min-Ju Kim, Ae-Jung Kim, and Ji-Yun Kim
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,ABTS ,Antioxidant ,biology ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flavonoid ,Allium hookeri ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,medicine ,MTT assay ,Composition (visual arts) ,Food science - Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical activities and safety of extracts of Allium hookeri (A. hookeri ). Methods: MTT assays of A. hookeri extracts (leaf and root, DW and EtOH) were conducted for evaluation of safety. With regard to physicochemical activity of general composition components, sulfur compounds (leaf and root, raw), anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant activity (leaf and root, DW and EtOH) were analyzed, and we tested whether there was any correlation between physicochemical substances and free radical scavenging activities (DPPH and ABTS). Results: In the MTT assay, the cell survival rate was >97% at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL of A. hookeri extracts, indicating that they were safe. All general composition components except for carbohydrate in raw leaf of A. hookeri were higher than in raw root, while sulfur level was highest in raw root. NO inhibitory effect of EtOH root extract was the highest. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of EtOH leaf extract were the highest. Conclusion: Physicochemical substance activities (total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and sulfur) were correlated with free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS) resulting in suppression of NO production that enhances free radical scavenging activity.
- Published
- 2019
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