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The new reagent N-methyl-N-((((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)thio)carbonothioyl)aniline (L) was synthesized via the reaction of sodium N-methyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate with 4-chlorobenzenediazonium salt. The reagent was identified with many techniques, such as CHNS elemental analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The Fe(II) ion was utilized to create a metal complex by reacting 2 mol of reagent with 1 mol of iron(II) chloride. Two approaches that were utilized for M:L ratio determination are mole ratio and Job methods. All of these refer to the 1:2 ratio for the complex. The solid complex was prepared and identified with the previous techniques, and additional electrical molar conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. A tetrahedral structure for the prepared complex was suggested based on spectroscopic measurements and elemental analysis results. Cloud point extraction was created for the preconcentration and separation of Fe(II) in drug samples by forming a rich phase using Triton X-114 at 80 °C temperature and pH 5 measurements utilizing flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometer at λmax 635 nm. The calibration curve of Fe(II) was linear in the extent of 0.2–1.0 μg/mL with r2 of 0.996. The detection limit and quantification are 0.0504 and 0.1530 μg/mL.

New compounds series of [M(TMP)(en)]X·nH2O and [M(TMP)(PD)]X·nH2O, where M = Ni2+, Cu2+, Zr4+, Ag+, Cd2+, TMP = trimethoprim, en = ethylenediamine, PD = o-phenylene and X= Cl− or NO3−, were prepared. The compounds were characterized using techniques including melting points, conductance, elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. FTIR spectra indicated TMP acted like a bi-dentate ligand, combining via the nitrogen atoms of azomethine and pyrimidine amino groups. Diamine ligands (en or o-PD) are coordinated via two nitrogen atoms. Prepared compounds showed monomeric behavior and adopted a 6-coordinate octahedral geometry based on magnetic susceptibility and UV spectra. Conductivity measurements revealed Zr(IV) compounds were 1:2 conductive, while Ag+ and Cd2+ were 1:1 conductive; Ni2+ and Cu2+ compounds were non-conductive. Antibacterial tests on compounds and ligands against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The mixed metal compounds revealed an observable tendency of antibacterial activity in the order Zr > Cd = Ag > Cu, making Zr(IV) compounds the most biologically active among them against S. aureus (Gram-positive) while the same compounds showed less antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (Gram-negative) than the free ligand.

The study involved extracting different fractions from black pepper using solvents of varying polarities. The three fractions obtained were the PEF, CHF, and AQF. The yield values of the fractions were determined, and it was found that PEF had the highest yield, while AQF had the lowest. Subsequently, three in vitro hypoglycemic tests were performed to evaluate the hypoglycaemic activity of black pepper. The IC50 value (the concentration required for 50 % inhibition) for the α-amylase inhibitory activity was found to be 1.191 for PEF and 3.591 for CHF where acarbose, a standard hypoglycaemic drug, was used as a reference in this test. The second test evaluated the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, where PEF exhibited an IC50 value of 1.47, and CHF had an IC50 value of 2.95 and again acarbose was utilized as the standard for comparison. The third test involved assessing glucose uptake by yeast cells. At 5 Mm glucose concentration and 5 mg/ml extract concentration, the percentage of glucose uptake by yeast cell was 69 for CHF and 76 for PEF. At 10 Mm glucose concentration and 5 mg/ml extract concentration, the percentage of glucose uptake by yeast cell was 43 for CHF and 57 for PEF. At 25 Mm glucose concentration and 5 mg/ml extract concentration, the percentage of glucose uptake by yeast cell was 28 for CHF and 30 for PEF. It was concluded that the PEF fraction of black pepper exhibited better hypoglycaemic activity compared to the standard metronidazole from the tests. However, further research and studies are necessary to isolate and identify the specific bioactive compounds responsible for the observed hypoglycaemic effects and to evaluate their efficacy and safety.

α-Glucosidase and urease inhibitors have emerged as crucial for developing therapeutic drugs targeting diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders. This study reports on new series of ibuprofen and mefenamic acid Schiff base derivatives incorporating isatin as dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and urease enzymes. These synthesized derivatives (7a-r) were structurally characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS (EI). Biological evaluation (IC50) identified several derivatives i.e., 7a (urease = 17.37 ± 1.37 µM, α-glucosidase = 44.1 ± 1.15 µM), 7j, (urease = 16.61 ± 1.37 µM, α-glucosidase = 81.2 ± 1.33 µM), 7o, (urease = 18.63 ± 1.27 µM, α-glucosidase = 70.3 ± 1.14 µM), 7r (urease = 11.36 ± 1.32 µM, α-glucosidase = 39.3 ± 1.17 µM), as dual inhibitors of urease (thiourea 21.37 ± 1.76 µM) and α–glucosidase (acarbose 375.82 ± 1.76 µM) enzymes. These bioactive derivatives were explored for cell viability studies against mononuclear cells revealing a good cytocompatibility. In silico molecular docking studies were also conducted to predict the binding mode of new derivatives with target enzymes that were found consistent with the results of in vitro research.

Background: Urolithiasis is a common urinary tract disease in buffaloes, almost exclusively affects young males, and has significant economic and production impacts. We have investigated hemato-biochemical and urinary changes in an attempt to deduce their correlation with struvite urolithiasis in buffaloes. Methods: Ten male buffalo calves with obstructive urolithiasis were used. Blood samples were used for hematology and elemental analysis. Urine samples were used for physico-chemical examination, microscopy, and elemental analysis. Uroliths were subjected to chemical functional group determination using the FTIR spectroscopy. Results: The mean neutrophil, leukocyte, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in urolithic buffaloes than in healthy controls. The mean blood calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) lower and higher in urolithic buffaloes than in healthy controls, respectively. Mean blood phosphorus concentration and calcium-phosphorus ratio were found to be non-significantly (p > 0.05) higher and lower in urolithic buffaloes than in healthy controls, respectively. The urine pH was highly alkaline. Multiple prismatic lid-shaped crystals, along with erythrocytes, leukocytes, and epithelial cells, were found in urine. The mean urinary magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were non-significantly (p < 0.05) higher in urolithic buffaloes than in healthy controls. A positive correlation of magnesium (r = 0.864, p = 0.001) and phosphorus (r = 0.849, p = 0.002) concentrations between the blood and urine was observed in urolithic buffaloes. The FTIR spectra of uroliths were similar to those of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate, MgNH4PO4·6H2O or struvite. Conclusion: The findings suggest that high plasma magnesium and phosphorus concentrations have a positive correlation with struvite urolithiasis in buffaloes.

Synthesized silver nanoparticles via laser liquid ablation were characterized using XRD, TEM, EDS, UV–Vis, and Raman spectroscopy. The AgNPs were then conjugated with HCQ at different concentrations. The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of HCQ against malaria and autoimmune diseases as well as how conjugating AgNPs with HCQ would broaden its activity against various infections and diseases, owing to the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs. The electronic and vibrational study of HCQ and its mixture showed a successful conjugation of the two, which would increase the potent of HCQ against SARS Coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) infection. Steady-state absorption measurements revealed a broadband peak at around 337.4 nm (3.68 eV), corresponding to a π to π* transition in the quinoline ring of the HCQ molecule. In addition, the AgNPs Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) band centred around 408 nm exhibited an intensity decrease with an increase in the concentration of HCQ. The experimental Raman spectra exhibited bands similar to the density function theory (DFT) calculated spectra centred at 392 cm−1, 768 cm−1, 1392 cm−1, 2928 cm−1, 3224 cm−1, 3656 cm−1, and 3808 cm−1. TEM, EDS, and XRD analysis confirmed the formation of 8.75 nm AgNPs. Understanding the electronic and vibrational spectroscopic properties of the interaction between HCQ and AgNPs, as deduced from the spectroscopic results supported by DFT, can significantly benefit researchers in the pharmaceutical industry. Researchers could apply this knowledge to overcome drug resistance, repurpose existing drugs, and reduce the side effects of conventional clinically approved drugs.

This study aims to prepare charge transfer complexes derived from organochalcogenide of arylamide derivatives with different quinones. A new charge-transfer complexes have been developed through a direct reaction between (PhNHCOCH2)2Se, (o-CH3PhNHCOCH2)2Se, and (PhCH2NHCOCH2)2E, where E = S, Se, and Te are electron donors and different quinones are electron acceptors. The quinones used in the reaction were 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinones (DDQ), 7,7’,8,8’-tetracyanoquinodimethane, and tetracyanoethane. The electron donors and electron acceptor mol were 1:1, and the reaction was conducted in acetonitrile. Infrared, 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data characterized all complexes. The complexes’ antioxidant activity was evaluated through α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl at 10–0.312 mg/mL. The results showed that all complexes exhibited promising antioxidant activities. Among them, (PhCH2NHCOCH2)2S·DDQ compound had the least IC50 value of 6.725 mg/mL, indicating a potent scavenging property compared to other compounds. The molecular structures of charge-transfer complexes were investigated using hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) and basis set 3-21G. We obtained geometrical structures' highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) surfaces and energy gaps through geometric optimization. We also investigated the molecular shapes and contours of the prepared compounds through geometrical optimization and compared the HOMO energy of the CT compounds to investigate donor and acceptor properties.

Abstract Exploring efficient, abundant, economical and stable materials for sustainable energy applications, such as electrochemical water splitting and supercapacitance, is a challenging task. Mixed transition metal spinel ferrites can rationally be customized to attain these features and deliver enhanced electrochemical activity. The catalytic performance of spinels is remarkably influenced by tuning the cationic occupancy at the tetrahedral or octahedral position. Herein, a set of spinel Ni1‐xZnxFe2O4 (0≤x≤1) nanocomposites were obtained via a scalable solventless thermolysis of metal acetylacetonate precursors at relatively mild temperatures. A suite of techniques such as powder p‐XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and SAED were employed to confirm the formation of the Ni−Zn ferrite solid solutions. It was found that small amounts of Ni at tetrahedral sites were beneficial for charge storage and hydrogen evolution. For instance, Ni0.2Zn0.8Fe2O4 nanocomposite demonstrated superior HER activity with a much lower overpotential of 87 mV compared to the pristine NiFe2O4 (213 mV) or ZnFe2O4 (164 mV) catalysts. However, Ni‐occupied tetrahedral sites were not suitable for OER, whereby the pristine ZnFe2O4 displayed high catalytic activity with an overpotential of 330 mV, outperforming other electrode compositions. The study helps to identify suitable compositions and site tuning for HER, OER and supercapacitors.

This research examines the influence of surface roughness and the incorporation of ZnO (0.05–0.20 mol%) on the magnesium sulfate: dysprosium oxide: boron oxide (0.1

The published molecule (S)-3-Benzyl-5-(phenylselanyl)-6-(p-tolyl)-3,4-dihydropyran-2-one (3B6PL) was selected for the identification of anticancer properties, and the computational calculations were employed using density function theory (DFT) with the B3LYP/6–311++G (d,p) basis set to validate the proposed molecular structure features by the theoretical computational calculations. Herein, the FT-IR, UV-800, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analytical techniques were used for the characterization of the selected molecule. In FT-IR, the characteristic frequencies of the molecule were compared using an appropriate scaling factor (0.961) for the potential energy distribution (PED) and simulated spectra of 3B6PL. Moreover, UV-800 and NMR spectral data were validated using the NBO that was demonstrated to the charge transfer in the molecules and exhibits a prominent second-order perturbation energy, E(2) value is 309.85 kcal/mol. HOMO-LUMO, Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) both find molecule's electrical properties, as well as its softness, hardness, and overall stability. To understand the reactive locations of the molecule, fukui functions have been employed. Moreover, the exceptional NLO (non-linear optical) characteristics of the molecule were demonstrated, and intermolecular interactions were evaluated using a Hirshfeld surface as well. On the contrary, the druglikeness of the molecule was evaluated under Lipinski's rule of five and ADME/T studies. In-silico analysis and molecular docking were also demonstrated for the anticancer potential of the proposed molecule against the kinase insert domain receptors of VEGFR and showed binding affinities of -6.3 kcal/mol for the VEGFR-ligand complex as a preliminary investigation. Therefore, this compound could be used for in-vitro and in-vivo analyses to find out its cytotoxicity and could also be derivatized to enhance its potent anticancer properties.

This research focuses on extracting cellulose from thorn pandan and evaluating its potential as a raw material for cellulose acetate. Thorn pandan contains polysaccharides, especially cellulose. In its fabrication process, cellulose acetate is produced from cellulose acetylation reaction. Cellulose is extracted using the Microwave-assisted Extraction method with variations in NaOH concentration (1, 2, and 3%), H2O2 concentration (10, 20, and 30%), and time variables (20, 40, and 60 minutes). Extraction optimization was performed with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model BBD (Box-Behken Design). Several characterizations were carried out to determine the characteristics of cellulose acetate, namely Degree of Acetylation, FT-IR spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The highest cellulose yield obtained in the extraction process was 50.7% with a variable of 3% NaOH, 30% H2O2 and 60 minutes. XRD analysis shows the angle value 2θ = 22.53798° of thorn pandan cellulose structure is almost similar to commercial cellulose. FTIR functional group identification of cellulose acetate showed the presence of carbonyl (C=O) and (C-O Acetyl) group, respectively seen at wave numbers 1734 cm-1 and 1256 cm-1. The acetyl content of cellulose acetate from thorn pandan produced is 35.475%. Therefore, thorn pandan biomass has the potential as a raw material for making cellulose acetate.

A new series of Schiff bases derived from pyrazole-thiocarbohydrazide, namely (4a-d), were well-synthesized. The synthesis is carried out using monothiocarbohydrazone derivative (3), which was prepared via coupling of 5-chloro-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (1) with thiocarbohydrazide (2) in absolute ethanol that contains a catalytic quantity of acetic acid. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were fully clarified by various spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra) and elemental analysis. Also, the molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding interactions of the synthesized compounds (1, 3 and 4a-d) with COX-2 active site. The results revealed that most of them have robust hydrogen bonding networks and favorable binding energies compared to compound (4b). Understanding the anti-inflammatory behavior through understanding the specific interactions of these compounds with COX-2 will aid in the design and development of more effective inhibitors for therapeutic applications.

Quality and safety of drugs are essential for effective therapeutic performance. Impurities can compromise the quality and safety of drugs, and they can arise during various stages of the development, production, storage and even transportation process. Therefore, detecting and measuring the number of impurities with high accuracy in drugs is necessary to ensure the quality and safety of drugs and to reduce the risks associated with taking them. Detecting and measuring impurities in drugs require advanced analytical techniques. The review highpoints a variety of analytical chemistry techniques include spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods in addition to some electrochemistry methods that have been applied for determination of certain drugs such as Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, Hydroxychloroquine and Cefotaxime in their pure form, combined form with other drugs, combined form with degradation products, and in biological fluids.

TextNetTopics is a novel topic modeling-based topic selection approach that finds highly ranked discriminative topics for training text classification models, where a topic is a set of semantically related words. However, it suffers from several limitations, including the retention of redundant or irrelevant features within topics, a computationally intensive topic-scoring mechanism, and a lack of explicit semantic modeling. In order to address these shortcomings, this paper proposes fasTNT, an enhanced version of TextNetTopics grounded in the Grouping–Scoring–Modeling approach. FasTNT aims to improve the topic selection process by preserving only informative features within topics, reforming LDA topics using fastText word embeddings, and introducing an efficient scoring method that considers topic interactions using Random Forest feature importance. Experimental results on four diverse datasets demonstrate that fasTNT outperforms the original TextNetTopics method in classification performance and feature reduction.

A 16-year-old patient, while an infant, incurred right-sided hemiparesis and had difficulty breast feeding. She was later diagnosed with a neonatal stroke and her genetic testing showed a missense mutation in her PROS1 (Protein S) gene. Both her grandfather and father, but not her mother, had hereditary Protein S (PS) deficiency. The patient was not prescribed any mediation due to her young age but was frequently checked by her physician. The patient’s plasma was first collected at the age of 13, and the isolated plasma from the patient and her father were analyzed by aPTT, thrombin generation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These analyses showed low PS activity and clotting time associated with the missense mutation in the PROS1 gene. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the patient received her first Pfizer vaccination dose in 2021, followed by a booster dose in 2022. The plasma samples were collected 8 weeks post-immunization, after which her clotting parameters had improved for up to 6 months following vaccination. The patient’s plasma showed a significant reduction in thrombin generation and an improved aPTT clotting time. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that her antithrombin-III level was significantly higher post-vaccination, and both thrombin and FXII levels were significantly lowered compared with her father. To our knowledge, this is the first report to document that COVID-19 vaccination can lower the risk of thrombosis in a patient with inherited thrombophilia. Although the effect was observed on a single mutation, it would be interesting to investigate the effect of COVID-19 vaccinations on other thrombophilia.

A hereditary component of breast (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been described in approximately one-third of these tumor types. BC patients have an increased risk of developing CRC as a second primary tumor and vice versa. Germline genomic variants (NextSeq550, Illumina) were investigated in 24 unrelated BC and/or CRC patients and 7 relatives from 3 index patients. Fifty-six pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 19 of 24 patients. We detected single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in CRC predisposition genes (MLH1 and MUTYH) and other promising candidates (CDK5RAP3, MAD1L1, NOS3, and POLM). Eighteen patients presented SNVs or copy number variants (CNVs) in DNA damage repair genes. We also identified SNVs recently associated with BC or CRC predisposition (PABPC1, TYRO3, MAP3K1, SLC15A4, and LAMA1). The PABPC1c.1255C>T variant was detected in nine unrelated patients. Each patient presented at least one SNV/CNV in a candidate gene, and most had alterations in more than one gene, reinforcing a polygenic model for BC/CRC predisposition. A significant fraction of BC/CRC patients with a family history of these tumors harbored deleterious germline variants in DNA repair genes. Our findings can lead to strategies to improve the diagnosis, genetic counseling, and treatment of patients and their relatives.

Concerns about pollution and global warming have grown in recent years. Efficient coal use is critical for reducing the environmental toll of fossil fuel consumption. This study aims to examine how transition metal chlorides affect the burn-off rate and thermal conversion efficiency of bituminous coal with a high ash content. The analytical methods used include proximate, thermo-gravimetric, morphological, and pyrolysis analyses. This research examined the effect of change in the carbonization temperature, carbonization time, and catalyst concentration on the thermal degradation of high-ash bituminous coal impregnated with ZnCl2. At various ratios, zinc chloride solution was adsorbed onto the coal surface. The treated coal was then heated at different temperatures ranging from 510 to 710°C, under atmospheric pressure, in a furnace without air. This process was carried out to enhance the rate of burnout or pyrolysis. The response surface approach reveals that the carbonization time is a crucial input parameter, followed by the carbonization temperature and catalyst concentration. The response surface methodology analysis yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.9734.

Background and objectives: As microbes are developing resistance to antibiotics, natural, botanical drugs or traditional herbal medicine are presently being studied with an eye of great curiosity and hope. Hence, complementary and alternative treatments for uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (uPID) are explored for their efficacy. Therefore, this study determined the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Sesamum indicum Linn seeds with Rosa damascena Mill Oil in uPID with standard control. Additionally, we analyzed the data with machine learning.Materials and methods: We included 60 participants in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized standard-controlled study. Participants in the Sesame and Rose oil group (SR group) (n = 30) received 14 days course of black sesame powder (5 gm) mixed with rose oil (10 mL) per vaginum at bedtime once daily plus placebo capsules orally. The standard group (SC), received doxycycline 100 mg twice and metronidazole 400 mg thrice orally plus placebo per vaginum for the same duration. The primary outcome was a clinical cure at post-intervention for visual analogue scale (VAS) for lower abdominal pain (LAP), and McCormack pain scale (McPS) for abdominal-pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcome included white blood cells (WBC) cells in the vaginal wet mount test, safety profile, and health-related quality of life assessed by SF-12. In addition, we used AdaBoost (AB), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers in this study to analyze the experimental data.Results: The clinical cure for LAP and McPS in the SR vs SC group was 82.85% vs 81.48% and 83.85% vs 81.60% on Day 15 respectively. On Day 15, pus cells less than 10 in the SR vs SC group were 86.6% vs 76.6% respectively. No adverse effects were reported in both groups. The improvement in total SF-12 score on Day 30 for the SR vs SC group was 82.79% vs 80.04% respectively. In addition, our Naive Bayes classifier based on the leave-one-out model achieved the maximum accuracy (68.30%) for the classification of both groups of uPID.Conclusion: We concluded that the SR group is cost-effective, safer, and efficacious for curing uPID. Proposed alternative treatment (test drug) could be a substitute of standard drug used for Female genital tract infections.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as promising candidates in various fields, especially in the realm of medical science. In the present experimental study, the co-precipitation method was used to synthesize chemical and green ZnO NPs. Zinc nitrate Zn (NO3)2 served as the main precursor, while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Nigella sativa extract were used to synthesize chemical and green Zinc Oxide nanoparticle, respectively. Then, the chemical and green fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were subjected to annealing at 400 °C and 550 °C temperature for a period of 2 hours respectively. After final product obtained, various characterization techniques were employed to validate the crystal structure, morphology, optical properties, and functional groups (e.g., OH stretching group, ZnO mode, etc.) via XRD, SEM, UV–Vis, and FTIR analysis. The Scherer formula was applied to calculate the average crystalline size of green and chemical fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles, which confirmed the presence of the hexagonal wurtzite phase. Moreover, the fabricated products were finally tested for anticancer activity using MTT assay by optimizing cellular absorption against concentration. The MTT assay confirmed significant antitumor/anticancer efficacy against HepG2 cancer cells for both green actively and chemical fabricated Zinc Oxide nanoparticles superficial. The current development of this novel experimental strategy is anticipated to make a substantial contribution in the field of biomedical sciences, particularly in anticancer activity.

The delay in wound healing caused by chronic wounds or pathological scars is a pressing issue in clinical practice, imposing significant economic and psychological burdens on patients. In particular, with the aging of the population and the increasing incidence of diseases such as diabetes, impaired wound healing is one of the growing health problems. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a crucial role in wound healing and regulates various biological processes. Our results show that miR–618 was significantly upregulated during the inflammatory phase of wound healing.Subsequently, miR–618 promotes the secretion of pro–inflammatory cytokines and regulates the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Mechanistically, miR–618 binds to the target gene–Atp11b and inhibits the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of keratinocytes. In addition, the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway induces the enrichment of nuclear miR–618, and miR–618 binds to the promoter of Lin7a to regulate gene transcription. Intradermal injection of miR–618 antagomir around full–thickness wounds in peridermal mice effectively accelerates wound closure compared to control. In conclusion, miR–618 antagomir can be a potential therapeutic agent for wound healing.

Heat stroke, a hazardous hyperthermia-related illness, is characterized by CNS injury, particularly long-lasting brain damage. A root cause for hyperthermic neurological damage is heat-induced proteotoxic stress through protein aggregation, a known causative agent of neurological disorders. Stress magnitude and enduring persistence are highly correlated with hyperthermia-associated neurological damage. We used an untargeted proteomic approach using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify and characterize time-series proteome-wide changes in dose-responsive proteotoxic stress models in medulloblastoma [Daoy], neuroblastoma [SH-SY5Y], and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells [SH(D)]. An integrated analysis of condition–time datasets identified global proteome-wide differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) as part of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response. The condition-specific analysis detected higher DEPs and upregulated proteins in extreme heat stress with a relatively conservative and tight regulation in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuron-like cells. Functional network analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified common intercellular pathways associated with the biological processes of protein, RNA, and amino acid metabolism and cellular response to stress and membrane trafficking. The condition-wise temporal pathway analysis in the differentiated neuron-like cells detects a significant pathway, functional, and disease association of DEPs with processes like protein folding and protein synthesis, Nervous System Development and Function, and Neurological Disease. An elaborate dose-dependent stress-specific and neuroprotective cellular signaling cascade is also significantly activated. Thus, our study provides a comprehensive map of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response associating proteome-wide changes with altered biological processes. This helps to expand our understanding of the molecular basis of the heat-induced proteotoxic stress response with potential translational connotations.

Sarcospan (SSPN) is a 25-kDa transmembrane protein that is broadly expressed at the cell surface of many tissues, including, but not limited to, the myofibers from skeletal and smooth muscles, cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, kidney epithelial cells, and neurons. SSPN is a core component of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC) that links the intracellular actin cytoskeleton with the extracellular matrix. It is also associated with integrin α7β1, the predominant integrin expressed in skeletal muscle. As a tetraspanin-like protein with four transmembrane spanning domains, SSPN functions as a scaffold to facilitate protein–protein interactions at the cell membrane. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy are caused by the loss of dystrophin at the muscle cell surface and a concomitant loss of the entire DGC, including SSPN. SSPN overexpression ameliorates Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the mdx murine model, which supports SSPN being a viable therapeutic target. Other rescue studies support SSPN as a biomarker for the proper assembly and membrane expression of the DGC. Highly specific and robust antibodies to SSPN are needed for basic research on the molecular mechanisms of SSPN rescue, pre-clinical studies, and biomarker evaluations in human samples. The development of SSPN antibodies is challenged by the presence of its four transmembrane domains and limited antigenic epitopes. To address the significant barrier presented by limited commercially available antibodies, we aimed to generate a panel of robust SSPN-specific antibodies that can serve as a resource for the research community. We created antibodies to three SSPN protein epitopes, including the intracellular N- and C-termini as well as the large extracellular loop (LEL) between transmembrane domains 3 and 4. We developed a panel of rabbit antibodies (poly- and monoclonal) against an N-terminal peptide fragment of SSPN. We used several assays to show that the rabbit antibodies recognize mouse SSPN with a high functional affinity and specificity. We developed mouse monoclonal antibodies against the C-terminal peptide and the large extracellular loop of human SSPN. These antibodies are superior to commercially available antibodies and outperform them in various applications, including immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence analysis, immunoprecipitation, and an ELISA. These newly developed antibodies will significantly improve the quality and ease of SSPN detection for basic and translational research.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming increasingly important novel materials for many purposes, including basic research, medicine, agriculture, and engineering. Increasing human and environmental exposure to these promising compounds requires assessment of their potential health risks. While the general direct cytotoxicity of NPs is often routinely measured, more indirect possible long-term effects, such as reproductive or developmental neurotoxicity (DNT), have been studied only occasionally and, if so, mostly on non-human animal models, such as zebrafish embryos. In this present study, we employed a well-characterized human neuronal precursor cell line to test the concentration-dependent DNT of green-manufactured copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles on crucial early events in human brain development. CuS NPs turned out to be generally cytotoxic in the low ppm range. Using an established prediction model, we found a clear DNT potential of CuS NPs on neuronal precursor cell migration and neurite outgrowth, with IC50 values 10 times and 5 times, respectively, lower for the specific DNT endpoint than for general cytotoxicity. We conclude that, in addition to the opportunities of NPs, their risks to human health should be carefully considered.

In this work, we report synthesis of thiosemicarbazones 1b-10b and their cyclic derivatives 1,3-Thiazoles 1c-10c. The prepared compounds were checked by FT-IR analysis, their characterization by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. Both series were then evaluated for their antibacterial behavior using ciprofloxacin and tetracycline as reference. MIC values displayed 1b, 3b, 4b, 5b, and 2c as potentially good antibacterial agents. Series 1c-10c was further investigated for antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays. Compounds 9c and Ic exhibited better antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of; 4.949 and 4.884 mg/mL lower than that of the standard BHT (5.083 mg/mL) in DPPH protocol while in ABTS protocol, compounds 3c, 4c and 6c showed greater activity than standard BHT (IC50 values; 4.943, 4.944 and 4.984 mg/mL, respectively, BHT; (5.086 mg/mL)). Molecular docking result revealed that 8b and 2c displayed the finest enactment against the GlcN-6-P synthase as reinforced by its lowest binding energy (–31.06 and –28.44 kcal mol respectively) as compared to other ligands. These compounds are potentially novel for researchers and pharmaceutical companies to investigate other biological activities and processing.

The pyrazoline scaffold plays a vital role in heterocyclic chemistry as a fundamental building block in both organic and medicinal chemistry. A pyrazoline scaffold is composed of an endocyclic double bond, two nitrogen atoms, and five different types of bonds. It is a significant chemical fragment and exhibits various bioavailabilities, allowing the synthesis of a range of diverse compounds with promising biological potential. Over the past decade, extensive research efforts have been devoted to investigating the therapeutic potentials of pyrazoline scaffolds, encompassing their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cytotoxic, and anti-tumor activities. Moreover, in the presence of a unique chemical structure, pyrazolines have made it easier to produce new substitutions with low toxicity as compared to their natural analogue. The current review focuses on the recent progress in the synthesis of pyrazoline scaffolds from chalcones, with an emphasis on their possible biological functions. The study identifies a diverse range of pyrazoline derivatives that exhibit promising biological properties and have been successfully reported in various studies. The primary objective is to determine the chemical groups and structural modifications that enhance their bioactivity, low toxicity, and handling. Furthermore, the review explores the bioavailability, synthetic challenges, and progress made in utilising pyrazoline derivatives in pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry from 2017 to 2023. The different biological potentials of various substituted pyrazolines are reported here such as 1,4-dimethylpiperazine, 2-(2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide, 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperazine, 4,5-dihydrooxazole, 2H-chromen-2-one, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole, benzo[d]thiazole, ethoxybenzene, and 1-bromo-4N,N-dimethylaniline. The review also discusses the effects of different functional groups, such as OCH3, OH, NO2, CF3, and halogens, added to different positions of the pyrazoline scaffold.

The anticorrosive qualities of a number of natural items have been researched because of the growing concern regarding the environmental contamination produced by conventional corrosion inhibitors. Through electrochemical measurements, the current study evaluated the effectiveness of chamomile flower extract (CFE) in preventing the corrosion of aluminum in an artificial seawater solution. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were used for surface examination. Utilizing FTIR, the chemical composition of CFE extract was investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to conduct theoretical analyses of its main constituents. According to the electrochemical tests, corrosion inhibition increased as inhibitor concentration increased and reached a moderate inhibition efficiency of 75.66% at 20 mL/L. Polarization curves showed that CFE molecules behaved as mixed-type inhibitors and that their adsorption process primarily followed the Freundlich isotherm. Examination of the corroded aluminum surface by SEM and AFM confirmed the adsorption of compounds present in the extract. The main constituents of the natural extract's electronic characteristics were determined using chemical quantum calculations, which also clarified interactions between inhibitors and metal surfaces as well as adsorption modalities.