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Today food and various food supplements of fungal origin are consumed all over the world in vast quantities, and its commercial production is part of a rapidly growing industry. Fungi are of excellent value nutritionally and of great importance whether as a direct food source, as a medicine or as a processed food. Edible mushrooms are easily cultivable and are excellent sources of protein, have low-fat content and are free of cholesterol. They are consumed either in fresh or processed form. To combat the problem of food shortage, single cell proteins were produced using yeast cells which are protein extracts with high amino acid content potentially favourable for use in human nutrition. Similarly, mycoprotein marketed as Quorn™ is now available in supermarkets, as a high-protein, low-fat, cholesterol-free ‘meat alternative’. In this book chapter various commercial applications of fungi have been discussed for the production of nutritionally important food products and food supplements.

Pollution of water by heavy metals has become a matter of serious concern. Reclamation of heavy-metal-polluted water is quite challenging, as the metals are nonbiodegradable in nature and persistent in the environment. Heavy metals such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) when present in the water at a concentration above the permissible limit can have severe deleterious effects on both plants and animals. They are cytotoxic at a very low concentration and can cause several life-threatening diseases in humans. Conventional techniques for their removal include chemical precipitation, chelation, oxidation-reduction, ion-exchange, etc. These methods are costly and produce toxic sludge as secondary pollutant. Bioremediation has thus emerged as an attractive, economical, and eco-friendly alternative. The role of different microbes such as bacteria and algae in the remediation of heavy metal pollution is currently being enormously investigated. These microbes have shown great adaptability with respect to tolerance and survival in the presence of elevated concentrations of these metals. Bacterial and algal biomasses act as potential biosorbents that can be effectively applied as a part of sustainable treatment for the reclamation of heavy-metal-contaminated water in different wastewater treatment plants.