6,708 results on '"Moss, A"'
Search Results
2. THE TRACHEAL FLUID IN THE FETAL LAMB.
- Author
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ADAMS FH, MOSS AJ, and FAGAN L
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- Animals, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Sheep, Amniotic Fluid, Body Fluids, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Chlorides, Embryology, Fetus, Lung, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Potassium, Proteins, Research, Sheep, Domestic, Sodium, Trachea, Urea
- Published
- 1963
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3. Using Lessons from a Comparative Study of Chemistry & Bioscience Pre-Lab Activities to Design Effective Pre-Lab Interventions : A Case Study
- Author
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S. J. Rayment, J. Evans, K. Moss, M. Coffey, S. H. Kirk, and S. D. Sivasubramaniam
- Abstract
Laboratory classes form an important aspect of bioscience education. However, this environment is challenging for students due to cognitive load and lack of confidence. Familiarising students with aspects of their laboratory classes prior to the session can improve this. This study compares the pre-laboratory scaffolding that bioscience and chemistry students experience across UK HE institutions. Typically, bioscience modules used fewer types of activities than chemistry although reading the protocol was the most common activity for both disciplines. Within bioscience, pre-laboratory activities differed by level: first year undergraduates were more likely to be asked to read the protocol, watch videos or do calculation practice in their modules whereas final year undergraduates were more likely to experience experimental design or contextualised activities. Alongside this, this paper discusses an institutional case study of the development and evaluation of technical laboratory videos as pre-laboratory scaffolding for first year students. These were found to benefit both student focus and enhance confidence: implying that using the videos impacted on cognitive load and hence learning. Exploring barriers to the uptake of these resources identified a lack of awareness of them as a major factor, suggesting that greater integration of such resources would enhance engagement and impact.
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- 2023
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4. Accessible Research Experiences: A New Paradigm for In-Lab Chemical Education
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Baum, Marc M., Krider, Elizabeth S., and Moss, John A.
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The preliminary efforts to engage students in the physical sciences through research projects in environmental chemistry are described. The successful involvement of two demographics, community college (CC) students and female students in cutting-edge chemistry research suggests that recruiting methods were effective and the feedback from participants suggests that the chemistry projects selected by the students positively affected their career planning.
- Published
- 2006
5. Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Spontaneous Immortalization: A Comparative Analysis
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Jocshan Loaiza-Moss, Ursula Braun, and Michael Leitges
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spontaneous cell immortalization ,mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) ,RNA-seq ,transcriptome profiling ,gene regulatory network (GRN) ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Cell immortalization, a hallmark of cancer development, is a process that cells can undergo on their path to carcinogenesis. Spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been used for decades; however, changes in the global transcriptome during this process have been poorly described. In our research, we characterized the poly-A RNA transcriptome changes after spontaneous immortalization. To this end, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using DESeq2 and characterized by gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify the potential hub genes. In our study, we identified changes in the expression of genes involved in proliferation regulation, cell adhesion, immune response and transcriptional regulation in immortalized MEFs. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis with previously reported MEF immortalization data, where we propose a predicted gene regulatory network model in immortalized MEFs based on the altered expression of Mapk11, Cdh1, Chl1, Zic1, Hoxd10 and the novel hub genes Il6 and Itgb2.
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- 2024
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6. Performance evaluation of the LumiraDx quantitative microfluidic point-of-care CRP test
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Jayne Ellis, James Harnett, Gregor Cameron, Phil Moss, and Alasdair Gray
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C-reactive protein ,CRP ,Lower respiratory tract infection ,Point-of-care test ,Primary care ,Secondary care ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an established acute-phase marker for infection, inflammation and tissue injury, used to guide clinical decision-making in primary and secondary care. This study compared the analytical performance of the quantitative microfluidic point-of-care LumiraDx CRP Test to a laboratory-based reference method (Siemens RCRP Flex assay on the Dimension® Xpand®) and evaluated equivalence of sample matrices (blood versus plasma) in point-of-care settings using samples from patients presenting with symptoms of infection or inflammation. The LumiraDx CRP Test demonstrated close agreement with the lab reference test (range, 5.1 to 245.2 mg/L, r = 0.992, slope = 0.998, intercept = –0.476; n = 205) and notable agreement between fingerstick and venous blood and plasma (r = 0.974–0.983; n = 44). Paired replicate precision had mean coefficients of variation of 6.4 % (plasma), 6.6 % (capillary direct) and 8.1 % (venous blood); overall error rates were 2.9 %. The quantitative LumiraDx CRP Test showed robust analytical performance across sample matrices and close agreement compared to the laboratory reference method when used at the point of care.
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- 2024
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7. Effects of Feeding Recycled Food Waste-Based Diets on Gut Health, Nutrient Digestibility, and Bone Quality in Laying Hens
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Hiep Thi Dao, Nishchal K. Sharma, Eunjoo Kim, Reza Barekatain, Robert A. Swick, and Amy F. Moss
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chicken ,digestibility ,poultry nutrition ,food waste ,mineral ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This study explored feeding recycled food waste-based diets for gut health, nutrient digestibility, bone morphology, and bone mineral level in laying hens. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 150) were randomly allocated to three experimental treatments consisting of a commercial control diet, a recycled food waste-based diet, and a 50:50 blend of the control and food waste-based diets, with 50 replicates of a single bird per cage per treatment from 24 to 63 weeks of age. Egg production was recorded daily and feed intake was measured weekly. The gut pH, jejunal and ileal morphology, nutrient digestibility, bone morphology, and mineral composition were measured at 63 weeks of age. Hens on the food waste-based treatment had similar egg production but lower feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.948 vs. 2.172 kg feed/kg egg, p < 0.001) and higher ileal pH (p < 0.001) and bone ash content (p < 0.001) compared to birds on the control treatment. Moreover, hens fed the food waste-based diets had higher ileal digestible energy (p < 0.001); ileal energy digestibility (p < 0.01); tibia S, Fe, Mn, and Zn levels (p < 0.05); and Mg, K, S, Mn, and Mo digestibility (p < 0.05) compared to hens fed the control diets. Hens offered the 50:50 blend diets had higher tibia P, Mg, and Mo levels (p < 0.05) and higher Ca digestibility (p < 0.05) compared to those fed the control diets. Thus, feeding recycled food waste-based diets is effective to improve laying performance, nutrient digestibility, and bone mineralization in laying hens.
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- 2024
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8. Effects of AM/PM Diets on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Utilisation in Free-Range Laying Hens
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Afsana A. Jahan, Thi Hiep Dao, Natalie K. Morgan, Tamsyn M. Crowley, and Amy F. Moss
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chicken ,ileal digestibility ,poultry nutrition ,precision feeding ,split feeding ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Laying hen nutrient requirements change throughout the day, due to the cyclic nature of egg formation. Generally, more energy and protein are required in the morning when the albumen is deposited around the yolk, and more calcium is required in the evening when the eggshell is formed. The aim of this study was to determine if feeding laying hens diets tailored to their specific nutritional and physiological requirements throughout the day, by feeding higher levels of protein and energy in the morning and higher levels of calcium in the evening, is more beneficial than feeding one diet all day. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 360) were housed in free-range floor pens (18 pens with 20 hens/pen) from 34 to 53 weeks of age (WOA). Half of the birds (n = 180, nine replicate pens) were fed a conventional layer hen diet all day (control) and the remaining birds (n = 180, nine replicate pens) were fed an AM diet from 08:00 h to 16:00 h and PM diet from 16:00 h to 08:00 h (AM/PM). From 39 WOA, hens were given access to an outdoor range from 09:00 h to 18:00 h via pop holes. Egg weight and hen-day egg production were measured daily, and feed consumption and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly. Hen weight and egg size uniformity were determined at 43 and 53 WOA, and egg quality was measured at 53 WOA. A total of 72 hens (4 hens/pen, 36 hens/treatment) were euthanised at 53 WOA to determine ileal apparent energy and nitrogen digestibility. A cost–benefit analysis for the study period, based on feed costs and egg mass, was calculated. Overall, the results showed that the AM/PM treatment increased egg mass by 2.15% (60.4 vs. 59.1 g/hen/day, p = 0.086) and improved feed efficiency by 8.34% (2.231 vs. 2.436 kg feed/kg egg, p = 0.030) compared with the control. A higher yolk colour score was observed in eggs from hens on the AM/PM treatment (p = 0.002), but no other significant effects of the treatments on egg quality were observed. Ileal digestible energy and digestible nitrogen coefficient were lower in hens on the AM/PM treatment compared with the control treatment (both p < 0.001). However, the AM/PM treatment was attributed to a lower feed cost to egg mass compared with the control treatment (p < 0.001). In conclusion, using an AM/PM feeding strategy was found to be economically beneficial.
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- 2024
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9. Hydrogel-Based Strategies for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Advances, Challenges and Clinical Prospects
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Shivam U. Desai, Sai Sadhananth Srinivasan, Sangamesh Gurappa Kumbar, and Isaac L. Moss
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intervertebral disc degeneration ,hydrogels ,regeneration ,Science ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Inorganic chemistry ,QD146-197 ,General. Including alchemy ,QD1-65 - Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from low back pain and disability associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. IVD degeneration is highly correlated with aging, as the nucleus pulposus (NP) dehydrates and the annulus fibrosus (AF) fissures form, which often results in intervertebral disc herniation or disc space collapse and related clinical symptoms. Currently available options for treating intervertebral disc degeneration are symptoms control with therapy modalities, and/or medication, and/or surgical resection of the IVD with or without spinal fusion. As such, there is an urgent clinical demand for more effective disease-modifying treatments for this ubiquitous disorder, rather than the current paradigms focused only on symptom control. Hydrogels are unique biomaterials that have a variety of distinctive qualities, including (but not limited to) biocompatibility, highly adjustable mechanical characteristics, and most importantly, the capacity to absorb and retain water in a manner like that of native human nucleus pulposus tissue. In recent years, various hydrogels have been investigated in vitro and in vivo for the repair of intervertebral discs, some of which are ready for clinical testing. In this review, we summarize the latest findings and developments in the application of hydrogel technology for the repair and regeneration of intervertebral discs.
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- 2024
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10. The Order of Limiting Amino Acids in a Wheat–Sorghum-Based Reduced-Protein Diet for Laying Hens
- Author
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Afsana A. Jahan, Thi Hiep Dao, Nasima Akter, Sukirno, Robert A. Swick, Natalie K. Morgan, Tamsyn M. Crowley, and Amy F. Moss
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amino acid ,egg production ,egg quality ,low protein ,microbiota ,nutrition ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Understanding the order of limiting amino acids (AA) in reduced-protein (RP) diets for laying hens will facilitate precise feed formulation and ensure that AA requirements are met cost-effectively. The order of the first three limiting AAs—lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), and threonine (Thr)—has been well established in RP laying hen diets. This study aimed to determine the priority order of eight additional limiting AAs (critically important AAs) when formulating wheat–sorghum-based RP diets for laying hens: tryptophan (Trp), valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile), arginine (Arg), leucine (Leu), histidine (His), phenylalanine (Phe), and glycineequivalent (Gly). A total of 330 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to 11 dietary treatments (30 replicates of individual birds per treatment) from 20 to 39 weeks of age (WOA). Treatments were a standard-protein (17.24% CP) diet as the control (SP); a reduced-protein (15.00% CP) diet with sufficient levels of Lys, Met, and Thr but insufficient levels of the eight experimental essential AA (RP); a reduced-protein diet with sufficient levels of all essential AAs (RP-EAA); and eight subsequent dietary treatments of the RP-EAA diet with one of the experimental essential AAs removed: Trp (RP-EAA-Trp), Val (RP-EAA-Val), Ile (RP-EAA-Ile), Arg (RP-EAA-Arg), Leu (RP-EAA-Leu), His (RP-EAA-His), Phe (RP-EAA-Phe), and Gly (RP-EAA-Gly). Eggs were collected and weighed daily, and feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated weekly. External and internal egg quality was measured at 29 and 39 WOA. Nutrient digestibility, serum uric acid concentration, caecal microbiota composition, and tibia parameters were measured at 40 WOA. Overall, hens fed the RP-EAA-Val, RP-EAA-Ile, and RP diets presented significantly lower egg mass compared to hens fed the SP, RP-EAA-His, and RP-EAA-Gly diets (p < 0.001). Hens fed the RP diet and RP-EAA-Val diet had a higher FCR compared to those offered the RP-EAA, RP-EAA-Leu, RP-EAA-Phe, and RP-EAA-Gly diets (p = 0.046). Lower protein intake and excretion were observed in hens offered the RP diets compared to hens fed the SP diet (p = 0.001 and 0.018, respectively). Based on the egg mass, Ile may be considered the fourth and Val the fifth limiting AA, after Lys, Met, and Thr, in laying hens fed wheat–sorghum-based RP diets during peak lay. However, if ranked based on FCR, Val may be considered the fourth limiting AA, followed by Trp, Ile, Arg, and His as the co-fifth limiting AAs. Leu, Phe, and Gly may be considered as non-essential AAs for laying hens fed RP diets.
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- 2023
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11. Segmenting Cervical Arteries in Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Convolutional Encoder–Decoder Networks
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Britney Campbell, Dhruv Yadav, Ramy Hussein, Maria Jovin, Sierrah Hoover, Kim Halbert, Dawn Holley, Mehdi Khalighi, Guido A. Davidzon, Elizabeth Tong, Gary K. Steinberg, Michael Moseley, Moss Y. Zhao, and Greg Zaharchuk
- Subjects
deep learning ,phase contrast MRI ,blood flow ,Moyamoya ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Phase contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a primary method used to quantify blood flow. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is an important hemodynamic parameter to characterize cerebrovascular and neurological diseases. However, a critical step in CBF quantification using PC MRI is vessel segmentation, which is largely manual, and thus time-consuming and prone to interrater variability. Here, we present encoder–decoder deep learning models to automate segmentation of neck arteries to accurately quantify CBF. The PC-MRI data were collected from 46 Moyamoya (MM) patients and 107 healthy control (HC) participants. Three segmentation U-Net models (Standard, Nested, and Attention) were compared. The PC MRI images were taken before and 15 min after vasodilation. The models were assessed based on their ability to detect the internal carotid arteries (ICAs), external carotid arteries (ECAs), and vertebral arteries (VAs), using the Dice score coefficient (DSC) of overlap between manual and predicted segmentations and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) metric. Analysis of variance, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and paired t-test were used for comparisons. The Standard U-NET, Attention U-Net, and Nest U-Net models achieved results of mean DSCs of 0.81 ± 0.21, and 0.85 ± 0.14, and 0.85 ± 0.13, respectively. The ROC curves revealed high area under the curve scores for all methods (≥0.95). While the Nested and Attention U-Net architectures accomplished reliable segmentation performance for HC and MM subsets, Standard U-Net did not perform as well in the subset of MM patients. Blood flow velocities calculated by the models were statistically comparable. In conclusion, optimized deep learning architectures can successfully segment neck arteries in PC MRI images and provide precise quantification of their blood flow.
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- 2023
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12. Free-Radical Polymerization Using the Rotating-Sector Method.
- Author
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Moss, Stephen J.
- Abstract
Discusses principles of a particular approach in teaching elementary kinetics of polymerization. Although the treatment discussed is more difficult for students to grasp, problems may be reduced using a computer program. The program, written in Applesoft Basic, is available from the author together with sample output. (JN)
- Published
- 1982
13. Computer Series 41: Potential-Energy Surfaces and Transition-State Theory.
- Author
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Moss, S. J. and Coady, C. J.
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Describes computer programs involving the London-Eyring-Polany-Sato method (LEPS). The programs provide a valuable means of introducing students to potential energy surfaces and to the foundations of transition state theory. Program listings (with copies of student scripts) or programs on DOS 3.3 disc are available from authors. (JN)
- Published
- 1983
14. First Study of a HEXITEC Detector for Secondary Particle Characterisation during Proton Beam Therapy
- Author
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Maria L. Perez-Lara, Jia C. Khong, Matthew D. Wilson, Ben D. Cline, and Robert M. Moss
- Subjects
HEXITEC detector ,Geant4 ,proton beam therapy ,prompt gamma detection ,proton range monitoring ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Online proton range verification is a rapidly emerging field characterised by its ability to reduce the error margins during proton beam therapy, as it is patient-specific and in vivo. In particular, secondary prompt gamma detection is a promising tool to monitor the dose delivery. The present research evaluates the capability of a HEXITEC detector to identify the prompt gammas produced during proton beam therapy, and assesses its potential for online range verification. To achieve this, the detector is placed at one side of a water phantom, which is irradiated at different proton energies in the University College London Hospital Proton Centre. For further analysis, Monte Carlo simulations are performed using Geant4 and the same geometry as the experiment. The results show that HEXITEC has the potential to be part of a detection system that could identify secondary prompt gammas within the secondary field produced inside the target, allowing for the in-detector discrimination of these particles via cluster size analysis. The comparison between data sets shows that there is a high level of accuracy between the model and the experimental measurements in terms of secondary flux and charge diffusion inside the detector, which poses the model as a fundamental tool for future optimisation studies.
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- 2023
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15. Making pH Tangible.
- Author
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McIntosh, Elizabeth and Moss, Robert
- Abstract
Presents a laboratory exercise in which students test the pH of different substances, study the effect of a buffer on acidic solutions by comparing the behavior of buffered and unbuffered solutions upon the addition of acid, and compare common over-the-counter antacid remedies. (MKR)
- Published
- 1995
16. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 Mediates Rab5 Inactivation after DNA Damage
- Author
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Masato Mashimo, Akane Morozumi, Akari Nobeyama, Misato Kanzaki, Shigeru Negi, Jiro Kato, Joel Moss, Atsuo Nomura, and Takeshi Fujii
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endocytosis ,parthanatos ,poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase ,Rab5 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Parthanatos is programmed cell death mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) after DNA damage. PARP1 acts by catalyzing the transfer of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers to various nuclear proteins. PAR is subsequently cleaved, generating protein-free PAR polymers, which are translocated to the cytoplasm where they associate with cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins, altering their functions and leading to cell death. Proteomic studies revealed that several proteins involved in endocytosis bind PAR after PARP1 activation, suggesting endocytosis may be affected by the parthanatos process. Endocytosis is a mechanism for cellular uptake of membrane-impermeant nutrients. Rab5, a small G-protein, is associated with the plasma membrane and early endosomes. Once activated by binding GTP, Rab5 recruits its effectors to early endosomes and regulates their fusion. Here, we report that after DNA damage, PARP1-generated PAR binds to Rab5, suppressing its activity. As a result, Rab5 is dissociated from endosomal vesicles, inhibiting the uptake of membrane-impermeant nutrients. This PARP1-dependent inhibition of nutrient uptake leads to cell starvation and death. It thus appears that this mechanism may represent a novel parthanatos pathway.
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- 2022
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17. Self-Assembled Peptide Habitats to Model Tumor Metastasis
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Noora Al Balushi, Mitchell Boyd-Moss, Rasika M. Samarasinghe, Aaqil Rifai, Stephanie J. Franks, Kate Firipis, Benjamin M. Long, Ian A. Darby, David R. Nisbet, Dodie Pouniotis, and Richard J. Williams
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self-assembly ,peptide ,hydrogel ,functionalisation ,cancer ,matrix ,Science ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Inorganic chemistry ,QD146-197 ,General. Including alchemy ,QD1-65 - Abstract
Metastatic tumours are complex ecosystems; a community of multiple cell types, including cancerous cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells that exist within a supportive and specific microenvironment. The interplay of these cells, together with tissue specific chemical, structural and temporal signals within a three-dimensional (3D) habitat, direct tumour cell behavior, a subtlety that can be easily lost in 2D tissue culture. Here, we investigate a significantly improved tool, consisting of a novel matrix of functionally programmed peptide sequences, self-assembled into a scaffold to enable the growth and the migration of multicellular lung tumour spheroids, as proof-of-concept. This 3D functional model aims to mimic the biological, chemical, and contextual cues of an in vivo tumor more closely than a typically used, unstructured hydrogel, allowing spatial and temporal activity modelling. This approach shows promise as a cancer model, enhancing current understandings of how tumours progress and spread over time within their microenvironment.
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- 2022
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18. V2O5 as magnesium cathode material with extended cyclic stability
- Author
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Charalampos Drosos, Benjamin Moss, Andreas Kafizas, and Dimitra Vernardou
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Magnesium ion batteries ,chemical vapor deposition ,electrode morphology ,coating adherence ,corrosive environment ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical performance of aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposited vanadium pentoxide cathodes at 600 °C, is presented. The as-grown oxides indicate specific discharge capacity of 300 mA h g-1 with capacity retention of 92 % after 10000 scans, coulombic efficiency of 100 %, noble structural stability and high reversibility. The present study shows the possibility to grow large-area magnesium cathode material with extended cycle stability via utilization of an aqueous electrolyte under a corrosive environment. This enhanced performance may be a combination of electrode morphology and adherence, when compared to previous work employing electrode growth temperature at 500 °C.
- Published
- 2020
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19. Sixty years of radiocarbon dioxide measurements at Wellington, New Zealand: 1954–2014
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J. C. Turnbull, S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher, I. Ansell, G. W. Brailsford, R. C. Moss, M. W. Norris, and K. Steinkamp
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Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
We present 60 years of Δ14CO2 measurements from Wellington, New Zealand (41° S, 175° E). The record has been extended and fully revised. New measurements have been used to evaluate the existing record and to replace original measurements where warranted. This is the earliest direct atmospheric Δ14CO2 record and records the rise of the 14C bomb spike and the subsequent decline in Δ14CO2 as bomb 14C moved throughout the carbon cycle and increasing fossil fuel CO2 emissions further decreased atmospheric Δ14CO2. The initially large seasonal cycle in the 1960s reduces in amplitude and eventually reverses in phase, resulting in a small seasonal cycle of about 2 ‰ in the 2000s. The seasonal cycle at Wellington is dominated by the seasonality of cross-tropopause transport and differs slightly from that at Cape Grim, Australia, which is influenced by anthropogenic sources in winter. Δ14CO2 at Cape Grim and Wellington show very similar trends, with significant differences only during periods of known measurement uncertainty. In contrast, similar clean-air sites in the Northern Hemisphere show a higher and earlier bomb 14C peak, consistent with a 1.4-year interhemispheric exchange time. From the 1970s until the early 2000s, the Northern and Southern Hemisphere Δ14CO2 were quite similar, apparently due to the balance of 14C-free fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the north and 14C-depleted ocean upwelling in the south. The Southern Hemisphere sites have shown a consistent and marked elevation above the Northern Hemisphere sites since the early 2000s, which is most likely due to reduced upwelling of 14C-depleted and carbon-rich deep waters in the Southern Ocean, although an underestimate of fossil fuel CO2 emissions or changes in biospheric exchange are also possible explanations. This developing Δ14CO2 interhemispheric gradient is consistent with recent studies that indicate a reinvigorated Southern Ocean carbon sink since the mid-2000s and suggests that the upwelling of deep waters plays an important role in this change.
- Published
- 2017
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20. CD4+ T-Cell Epitope Prediction by Combined Analysis of Antigen Conformational Flexibility and Peptide-MHCII Binding Affinity
- Author
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Daniel L. Moss, Samuel J. Landry, Kummer A Nicholas, Tysheena P. Charles, Pawan Bhat, Avik Bhattacharya, Ramgopal R. Mettu, and Peyton W Moore
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,biology ,Protein Conformation ,Chemistry ,Antigen processing ,Proteolytic enzymes ,Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ,Peptide binding ,Major histocompatibility complex ,Biochemistry ,Epitope ,Cell biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Antigen ,Mice, Inbred CBA ,biology.protein ,Animals ,Humans ,LcrV ,Antibody ,Peptides ,Peptide Hydrolases - Abstract
Antigen processing in the class II MHC pathway depends on conventional proteolytic enzymes, potentially acting on antigens in native-like conformational states. CD4+ epitope dominance arises from a competition between antigen folding, proteolysis, and MHCII binding. Protease-sensitive sites, linear antibody epitopes, and CD4+ T-cell epitopes were mapped in the plague vaccine candidate F1-V to evaluate the various contributions to CD4+ epitope dominance. Using X-ray crystal structures, antigen processing likelihood (APL) predicts CD4+ epitopes with significant accuracy without considering peptide-MHCII binding affinity. The profiles of conformational flexibility derived from the X-ray crystal structures of the F1-V proteins, Caf1 and LcrV, were similar to the biochemical profiles of linear antibody epitope reactivity and protease-sensitivity, suggesting that the role of structure in proteolysis was captured by the analysis of the crystal structures. The patterns of CD4+ T-cell epitope dominance in C57BL/6, CBA, and BALB/c mice were compared to epitope predictions based on APL, peptide binding to MHCII proteins, or both. For a sample of 13 diverse antigens larger than 200 residues, accuracy of epitope prediction by the combination of APL and I-Ab-MHCII-peptide affinity approached 40%. When MHCII allele specificity is also diverse, such as in human immunity, prediction of dominant epitopes by APL alone approached 40%. Since dominant CD4+ epitopes tend to occur in conformationally stable antigen domains, crystal structures typically are available for analysis by APL; and thus, the requirement for a crystal structure is not a severe limitation.
- Published
- 2022
21. Curcumin improves reversal learning in middle-aged rhesus monkeys
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Douglas L. Rosene, Ajay R. Uprety, Mark B. Moss, Ronald J. Killiany, and Tara L. Moore
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Aging ,Curcumin ,business.industry ,Working memory ,Reversal Learning ,Cognition ,Macaca mulatta ,Middle age ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Memory, Short-Term ,chemistry ,Animals ,Medicine ,Animal cognition ,Cognitive decline ,Prefrontal cortex ,business ,Neuroscience ,Neuroinflammation - Abstract
Age-related impairments in cognitive function occur in multiple animal species including humans and nonhuman primates. Humans and rhesus monkeys exhibit a similar pattern of cognitive decline beginning in middle age, particularly within the domain of executive function. The prefrontal cortex is the brain region most closely associated with mediating executive function. Previous studies in rhesus monkeys have demonstrated that normal aging leads to an increase in myelin degradation in the prefrontal regions that correlates with cognitive decline. This myelin deterioration is thought to result, at least in part, from the age-related emergence of chronic low levels of inflammation. One therapeutic that may arrest the deleterious effects of neuroinflammation is curcumin (CUR), the primary component of the spice turmeric. CUR has been shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and improves performance on tasks for working memory and motor function. In the present study, middle-aged monkeys (12-21 years old) were given daily dietary supplementation of 500 mg of curcumin or vehicle over a period of 3-4 years. Here, we present data from a series of both object and spatial reversal tasks. Compared to vehicle, the CUR group showed enhanced performance on object, but not spatial reversal learning. These findings suggest that curcumin may improve specific aspects of executive function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2022
22. Discoveries in Human Biology Through Kinase Signaling
- Author
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Moss, Steven Michael
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Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,analog-sensitive ,Chemical Biology ,effector protein ,Kinases ,Legionella pneumophila - Abstract
Kinases are signaling proteins that are involved in many different cellular processes. There are over 500 different kinases to accomplish these various tasks. Abnormal kinase signaling can lead to severe disease outcomes. Studying these disruptions have led to fundamental discoveries about human and cellular biology. Chapter 1 introduces a number of cases in both cancer and infectious disease where kinase signaling is disrupted. The subsequent studies used to elucidate why these disruptions occur have helped advance our current knowledge of human biology. In Chapter 2 I describe about some of our studies with eukaryotic-like ser/thr protein kinases used as effector proteins by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaires’ disease. This chapter explores in vitro and in vivo assays to characterize four of the known and conserved effector kinases from Legionella. Chapter 3 takes a comprehensive look at Legionella kinase 4 (LegK4), one of the effector kinases that showed an interesting Golgi fragmentation phenotype. We discovered that LegK4 targets host Hsp70, reduced the chaperone’s refolding activity, and subsequently reduced global translation of the host cell. Further work showed that phosphorylation of Hsp70 by LegK4 increases the amount of the chaperone present on highly translating polysomes. Chapter 4 reviews the available kinase substrate identification techniques, and explain how we used one of them to explore substrates of Protein Kinase A (PKA) in cell lines of small cell lung cancer. While many substrates were found, a general theme emerged where a number of the direct targets of PKA were involved in cell cycle and cell proliferation. Follow-up experiments performed by our collaborators showed that these results align well with a global phosphoproteomic analysis carried out for PKA in a small cell lung cancer setting. All of these examples show kinase signaling that helped to inform us about new human biology.
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- 2019
23. Biosynthetic strategies for chemodiversity generation in marine filamentous cyanobacteria
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Moss, Nathan Aaron
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Chemistry ,biosynthesis ,cyanobacteria ,neofunctionalization ,non-collinear assembly-line ,polyketides - Abstract
Organisms throughout the natural world have evolved different methods for biosynthesis of natural products, utilized in their native environs for defense, structure and signaling. One such method is the employment of modular polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase enzymes to produce molecules from acetate and amino acid building blocks. The combinatorial capacity of these modules, combined with associated tailoring enzymes and unique protein-protein interaction strategies, has enabled a wide diversity of chemical structures and scaffolds. Many secondary metabolites or semi-synthetic derivatives have strong affinity for enzymatic targets and are used therapeutically to treat certain diseases. Photosynthetic marine filamentous cyanobacteria are prominent sources of bioactive natural products and present unique enzymatic methods for generating new chemical structures. This thesis describes the use of chemical biology techniques, including biochemistry, genomics, stable-isotope labeled feeding studies, NMR and mass spectrometry-based isolation and structure elucidation to explore and understand these novel methods for generating chemical structure diversity in cyanobacteria. Following an introduction and background in chapter one, chapter two describes new strategies for biosynthesis in the production of type A malyngamides in the species Okeania hirsuta sp. PAB10Feb10-1 and sp. PAP21Jun06-1, including neofunctionalization of a lipoic acid synthesis enzyme and ketoreductase domain inactivation. Chapter three of this thesis describes an unprecedented combinatorial approach to natural products biosynthesis in Moorea producens sp. ASI16Jul14-2: identical protein-protein interaction motifs guide a polyketide synthase-generated fatty acid tail to disparate downstream NRPS modules in the same biosynthetic gene cluster, representing a new mechanism for generating combinatorial chemical diversity in the productions of vatiamides A-F. Chapter four of this thesis highlights investigations toward understanding the biosynthesis of the t-butyl group in apratoxin A, a cyclic lipopeptide derived from cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii PNG5-198. Lastly, chapter five presents a comprehensive overview of the findings described here, and discusses future avenues for research in microbial biosynthesis and natural products drug discovery as a whole.
- Published
- 2019
24. Characterisation of undigested components throughout the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat- or maize-based diet
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Mingan Choct, Peter Ader, Lily Li, Eunjoo Kim, Amy F. Moss, and Natalie Morgan
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Starch ,Broiler chicken ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,Ileum ,Biology ,SF1-1100 ,Small intestine ,Animal culture ,Nutrient digestibility ,Jejunum ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,chemistry ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Original Research Article ,Undigested dietary component ,Common wheat ,Gizzard - Abstract
This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat- or maize-based diets, with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive efficiency. Wheat- and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers (10 birds/pen; n = 12) from 1 to 35 d post–hatch. Digestibility of dry matter, starch, crude protein and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) were measured in the crop, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caeca and excreta at d 12 and 35 post–hatch. Analysis of nutrient levels in the excreta presented that more than 30% of nutrients provided in the feed was wasted, irrespective of wheat or maize diet type. On average, 92 g/kg crude protein, 92 g/kg insoluble NSP and 14 g/kg oligosaccharides were not utilised by birds at d 12 post–hatch. The quantity of water-insoluble NSP in the small intestine at d 12 was lower in birds offered the wheat-based diet compared to those fed the maize-based diet (P
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- 2022
25. Supplemental protease with phytase and xylanase and cereal grain source affected nutrient digestibility and performance of broilers
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Amy F. Moss, K.W. McCafferty, Mingan Choct, Natalie Morgan, and Aaron J. Cowieson
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Nutrient digestibility ,Protease ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,Ileum ,Cereal grain ,Jejunum ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Xylanase ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Phytase ,Food science - Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplemental protease and cereal grain type on nutrient digestibility (jejunum and ileum) and performance of broilers offered diets with reduced amino acid concentrations and supplemental xylanase and phytase. A total of 624 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into 48 floor pens (13 chicks/pen; 0.07 m2/bird) and offered one of six dietary treatments with eight replicates per treatment. Dietary treatments were either maize- or wheat-based with a positive control (PC) reference diet, a negative control diet without protease (NC; 60 g/kg lower amino acid density than PC), and an NC diet with protease. The reduction in amino acid density affected (P
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- 2022
26. Systematic Exploration of WO3/TiO2 Heterojunction Phase Space for Applications in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
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Francesca Pinto, Anna Wilson, Benjamin Moss, Andreas Kafizas, and The Royal Society
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Technology ,Materials Science ,Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ,CATALYSTS ,FILMS ,Physical Chemistry ,NANOTUBE ARRAYS ,09 Engineering ,10 Technology ,WO3 ,PHOTOLYSIS ,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,TIO2 NANOTUBES ,KINETICS ,Science & Technology ,STABILITY ,Chemistry, Physical ,PHOTOANODES ,PERFORMANCE ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Chemistry ,General Energy ,Physical Sciences ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,03 Chemical Sciences - Abstract
Recent work has shown that heterojunction photoelectrodes can achieve synergistically higher water splitting activity than their parent materials. To optimize the performance in such layered systems, it is necessary to develop new methods capable of assessing heterojunction phase space. Herein, we explore WO3/TiO2 heterojunction phase space as a model system. Using chemical vapor deposition, 71 unique photoanodes were grown (15 single-layer; 56 heterojunctions). The materials were physically characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, and ultraviolet–visible transmission spectroscopy. Various key performance indicators were measured. Within this WO3/TiO2 heterojunction phase space, the onset potentials ranged from ∼0.45 to ∼0.81 VRHE; the incident-photon-to-current efficiencies at 350, 375, and 400 nm ranged from ∼0.6 to ∼50.9, ∼0.1 to ∼30.0, and ∼0 to ∼15.6%, respectively; and the theoretical solar photocurrents ranged from ∼0.01 to ∼0.94 mA cm–2. Contour plots allowed us to identify regions of heterojunction phase space with high activity and establish trends. We identified an electronic barrier to charge transfer between the heterojunction layers that required a sufficiently high applied potential (≥1.0 VRHE) to be surpassed for synergetic improvements in activity to be observed. We recommend that the methods developed herein, for assessing the performance of sample libraries of heterojunction photoelectrodes, be used alongside combinatorial synthesis methods and high-throughput photoelectrochemical measurements to optimize promising heterojunction systems more rigorously and rapidly.
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- 2022
27. Effects of Coated Trace Minerals and the Fat Source on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens
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Yujing Zhu, Yong Zhang, Yin Dafei, Amy F. Moss, Tiejin Tong, Fangfang Li, Yinggu Kuang, and Zhang Ruiyang
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Antioxidant ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Broiler ,fat source ,food and beverages ,Full Papers ,broiler ,antioxidant status ,meat quality ,Trace Minerals ,medicine ,trace minerals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Quality (business) ,Food science ,performance ,media_common - Abstract
Inorganic trace minerals may exacerbate lipid peroxidation, thereby impacting lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare the effects of inorganic and coated trace minerals in diets with different fat sources, on the performance, slaughter characteristics, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. A total of 576 21-day-old Abor Acres broiler birds were randomly divided into four dietary treatment groups in a 2 (non-coated and coated trace minerals)×2 (soybean oil and lard) factorial design. Each treatment was replicated 12 times (12 birds per replicate). The results showed that coated minerals significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) in weight and the feed conversion ratio (P
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- 2022
28. Differential Defense Responses of Upland and Lowland Switchgrass Cultivars to a Cereal Aphid Pest
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Lise Pingault, Nathan A. Palmer, Kyle G. Koch, Tiffany Heng-Moss, Jeffrey D. Bradshaw, Javier Seravalli, Paul Twigg, Joe Louis, and Gautam Sarath
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switchgrass ,Panicum virgatum ,yellow sugarcane aphid ,Sipha flava ,RNA-seq ,transcriptome ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Yellow sugarcane aphid (YSA) (Sipha flava, Forbes) is a damaging pest on many grasses. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial C4 grass, has been selected as a bioenergy feedstock because of its perceived resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses. Aphid infestation on switchgrass has the potential to reduce the yields and biomass quantity. Here, the global defense response of switchgrass cultivars Summer and Kanlow to YSA feeding was analyzed by RNA-seq and metabolite analysis at 5, 10, and 15 days after infestation. Genes upregulated by infestation were more common in both cultivars compared to downregulated genes. In total, a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the YSA susceptible cultivar (Summer), and fewer DEGs were observed in the YSA resistant cultivar (Kanlow). Interestingly, no downregulated genes were found in common between each time point or between the two switchgrass cultivars. Gene co-expression analysis revealed upregulated genes in Kanlow were associated with functions such as flavonoid, oxidation-response to chemical, or wax composition. Downregulated genes for the cultivar Summer were found in co-expression modules with gene functions related to plant defense mechanisms or cell wall composition. Global analysis of defense networks of the two cultivars uncovered differential mechanisms associated with resistance or susceptibility of switchgrass in response to YSA infestation. Several gene co-expression modules and transcription factors correlated with these differential defense responses. Overall, the YSA-resistant Kanlow plants have an enhanced defense even under aphid uninfested conditions.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Acute Consumption of Alcohol and Discrete Atrial Fibrillation Events
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Christina D. Fang, Randall J. Lee, Rachel A. Gladstone, Kelsey Ogomori, Vivian Yang, Eric Vittinghoff, Byron K. Lee, Gregory M. Marcus, Emily Lee, Gregory Nah, Isaac R. Whitman, Edward P. Gerstenfeld, Shannon M Fan, Vasanth Vedantham, Henry H. Hsia, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Sean Joyce, Zian H. Tseng, Robin Fatch, Joshua D. Moss, Judith A. Hahn, and Melvin M. Scheinman
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Population ,Alcohol abuse ,Alcohol ,Odds ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Atrial Fibrillation ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Prospective Studies ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Cross-Over Studies ,business.industry ,Area under the curve ,Atrial fibrillation ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,Ambulatory ,Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ,Blood Alcohol Content ,Female ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' self-reports suggest that acute alcohol consumption may trigger a discrete atrial fibrillation (AF) event. OBJECTIVE To objectively ascertain whether alcohol consumption heightens risk for an AF episode. DESIGN A prospective, case-crossover analysis. SETTING Ambulatory persons in their natural environments. PARTICIPANTS Consenting patients with paroxysmal AF. MEASUREMENTS Participants were fitted with a continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor and an ankle-worn transdermal ethanol sensor for 4 weeks. Real-time documentation of each alcoholic drink consumed was self-recorded using a button on the ECG recording device. Fingerstick blood tests for phosphatidylethanol (PEth) were used to corroborate ascertainments of drinking events. RESULTS Of 100 participants (mean age, 64 years [SD, 15]; 79% male; 85% White), 56 had at least 1 episode of AF. Results of PEth testing correlated with the number of real-time recorded drinks and with events detected by the transdermal alcohol sensor. An AF episode was associated with 2-fold higher odds of 1 alcoholic drink (odds ratio [OR], 2.02 [95% CI, 1.38 to 3.17]) and greater than 3-fold higher odds of at least 2 drinks (OR, 3.58 [CI, 1.63 to 7.89]) in the preceding 4 hours. Episodes of AF were also associated with higher odds of peak blood alcohol concentration (OR, 1.38 [CI, 1.04 to 1.83] per 0.1% increase in blood alcohol concentration) and the total area under the curve of alcohol exposure (OR, 1.14 [CI, 1.06 to 1.22] per 4.7% increase in alcohol exposure) inferred from the transdermal ethanol sensor in the preceding 12 hours. LIMITATION Confounding by other time-varying exposures that may accompany alcohol consumption cannot be excluded, and the findings from the current study of patients with AF consuming alcohol may not apply to the general population. CONCLUSION Individual AF episodes were associated with higher odds of recent alcohol consumption, providing objective evidence that a modifiable behavior may influence the probability that a discrete AF event will occur. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
- Published
- 2021
30. A novel endoplasmic stress mediator, Kelch domain containing 7B (KLHDC7B), increased Harakiri (HRK) in the SubAB-induced apoptosis signaling pathway
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Makoto Ohnishi, Joel Moss, Sunao Iyoda, Hiroyasu Tsutsuki, Kohei Ogura, and Kinnosuke Yahiro
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Cancer Research ,Gene knockdown ,QH573-671 ,Kinase ,Chemistry ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Immunology ,ATF4 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Apoptosis ,Cell Biology ,Article ,Cell biology ,Stress signalling ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Unfolded protein response ,CEBPB ,Apoptotic signaling pathway ,Cytology ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Locus for Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)-positive Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) contributes to many global foodborne diseases, with infection characterized by severe gastrointestinal symptoms, including bloody diarrhea. The incidence of LEE-negative STEC-mediated disease is also increasing globally. Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) is released by some LEE-negative STEC strains. It cleaves BiP, which is a chaperone protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thereby causing apoptosis induced by ER stress. To date, the apoptotic signaling pathway mediated by SubAB has not been identified. In the current study, RNA-seq analysis showed that SubAB significantly induced the expression of Kelch domain containing 7B (KLHDC7B). We explored the role of KLHDC7B in the SubAB-induced apoptotic pathway. SubAB-induced KLHDC7B mRNA expression was increased after 12 h of incubation of toxin with HeLa cells. KLHDC7B expression was downregulated by knockdown of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CEBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and CEBP β (CEBPB). KLHDC7B knockdown suppressed SubAB-stimulated CHOP expression, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and cytotoxicity. The over-expressed KLHDC7B was localized to the nucleus and cytosolic fractions. Next, we used RNA-seq to analyze the effect of KLHDC7B knockdown on apoptosis induced by SubAB, and found that the gene encoding for the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, Harakiri (HRK), was upregulated in SubAB-treated control cells. However, this effect was not observed in SubAB-treated KLHDC7B-knockdown cells. Therefore, we identified the pathway through which SubAB-induced KLHDC7B regulates HRK expression, which is essential for apoptosis in toxin-mediated ER stress.
- Published
- 2021
31. Myeloid Mineralocorticoid Receptor Transcriptionally Regulates P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and Promotes Monocyte Trafficking and Atherosclerosis
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Gail K. Adler, Joshua J. Man, Marina Anastasiou, M. Elizabeth Moss, Brigett Carvajal, Pilar Alcaide, Roy Freeman, Qing Lu, Njabulo Ngwenyama, Wendy Baur, Iris Z. Jaffe, and Amanda E Garza
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Adult ,Male ,Myeloid ,Transcription, Genetic ,Mice, Knockout, ApoE ,Aortic Diseases ,Aorta, Thoracic ,Inflammation ,Spironolactone ,Article ,Monocytes ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,Mineralocorticoid receptor ,Leukocyte Trafficking ,Cell Adhesion ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Leukocyte Rolling ,Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,Aldosterone ,business.industry ,Monocyte ,Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration ,U937 Cells ,Middle Aged ,Atherosclerosis ,Hypoglycemia ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,HEK293 Cells ,Receptors, Mineralocorticoid ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Macrophages, Peritoneal ,Cancer research ,Female ,P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Selectin ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Objective: MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) activation associates with increased risk of cardiovascular ischemia while MR inhibition reduces cardiovascular-related mortality and plaque inflammation in mouse atherosclerosis. MR in myeloid cells (My-MR) promotes inflammatory cell infiltration into injured tissues and atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by unclear mechanisms. Here, we examined the role of My-MR in leukocyte trafficking and the impact of sex. Approach and Results: We confirm in vivo that My-MR deletion (My-MR-KO) in ApoE-KO mice decreased plaque size. Flow cytometry revealed fewer plaque macrophages with My-MR-KO. By intravital microscopy, My-MR-KO significantly attenuated monocyte slow-rolling and adhesion to mesenteric vessels and decreased peritoneal infiltration of myeloid cells in response to inflammatory stimuli in male but not female mice. My-MR-KO mice had significantly less PSGL1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1) mRNA in peritoneal macrophages and surface PSGL1 protein on circulating monocytes in males. In vitro, MR activation with aldosterone significantly increased PSGL1 mRNA only in monocytes from MR-intact males. Similarly, aldosterone induced, and MR antagonist spironolactone inhibited, PSGL1 expression in human U937 monocytes. Mechanistically, aldosterone stimulated MR binding to a predicted MR response element in intron-1 of the PSGL1 gene by ChIP-qPCR. Reporter assays demonstrated that this PSGL1 MR response element is necessary and sufficient for aldosterone-activated, MR-dependent transcriptional activity. Conclusions: These data identify PSGL1 as a My-MR target gene that drives leukocyte trafficking to enhance atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. These novel and sexually dimorphic findings provide insight into increased ischemia risk with MR activation, cardiovascular protection in women, and the role of MR in atherosclerosis and tissue inflammation. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
- Published
- 2021
32. A phase I study of veliparib with cyclophosphamide and veliparib combined with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in advanced malignancies
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Nancy Chan, Jiuping Ji, Antoinette R. Tan, Janice M. Mehnert, Alice P. Chen, Jan H. Beumer, Mansi Shah, Joseph Aisner, Murugesan Gounder, Jyoti Malhotra, Rebecca A. Moss, Yong Lin, Brian F. Kiesel, Hongxia Lin, Mark N. Stein, and Michael P. Kane
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Adult ,Male ,Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose ,Cancer Research ,Maximum Tolerated Dose ,Veliparib ,Cyclophosphamide ,Breast Neoplasms ,Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ,Neutropenia ,Pharmacology ,Toxicology ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Circulating tumor cell ,Pharmacokinetics ,Neoplasms ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Doxorubicin ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Metastatic breast cancer ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Benzimidazoles ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose Veliparib (V), an oral poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, potentiates effects of alkylating agents and topoisomerase inhibitors in preclinical tumor models. We conducted a phase I trial of V with iv cyclophosphamide (C) and V plus iv doxorubicin (A) and C. Methods Objectives were to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combinations, characterize V pharmacokinetics (PK) in the presence and absence of C, measure PAR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and γH2AX in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In Group 1, dose escalations of V from 10 to 50 mg every 12 h Days 1-4 plus C 450 to 750 mg/m2 Day 3 in 21-day cycles were evaluated. In Group 2, V doses ranged from 50 to 150 mg every 12 h Days 1-4 with AC (60/600 mg/m2) Day 3 in 21-day cycles. In Group 3, patients received AC Day 1 plus V Days 1-7, and in Group 4, AC Day 1 plus V Days 1-14 was given in 21-day cycles to evaluate effects on γH2AX foci. Results Eighty patients were enrolled. MTD was not reached for V and C. MTD for V and AC was V 100 mg every 12 h Days 1-4 with AC (60/600 mg/m2) Day 3 every 21 days. V PK appears to be dose-dependent and has no effect on the PK of C. Overall, neutropenia and anemia were the most common adverse events. Objective response in V and AC treated groups was 22% (11/49). Overall clinical benefit rate was 31% (25/80). PAR decreased in PBMCs. Percentage of γH2AX-positive CTCs increased after treatment with V and AC. Conclusion V and AC can be safely combined. Activity was observed in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
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- 2021
33. Design and Optimization of Four-Wave Mixing in Microring Resonators Integrated With 2D Graphene Oxide Films
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Yuning Zhang, Linnan Jia, Baohua Jia, Jiayang Wu, David J. Moss, and Yang Qu
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Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Oxide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Four-wave mixing ,Resonator ,chemistry ,law ,Q factor ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Self-phase modulation - Abstract
We theoretically investigate and optimize the performance of four-wave mixing (FWM) in microring resonators (MRRs) integrated with two-dimensional (2D) layered graphene oxide (GO) films. Owing to the interaction between the MRRs and the highly nonlinear GO films as well as to the resonant enhancement effect, the FWM efficiency in GO-coated MRRs can be significantly improved. Based on previous experiments, we perform detailed analysis for the influence of the GO film parameters and MRR coupling strength on the FWM conversion efficiency (CE) of the hybrid MRRs. By optimizing the device parameters to balance the trade-off between the Kerr nonlinearity and loss, we achieve a high CE enhancement of ∼18.6 dB relative to the uncoated MRR, which is ∼8.3 dB higher than previous experimental results. The influence of photo-thermal changes in the GO films as well as variations in the MRR parameters such as the ring radius and waveguide dispersion on the FWM performance is also discussed. These results highlight the significantly improved FWM performance that can be achieved in MRRs incorporating GO films and provide a guide for optimizing their FWM performance.
- Published
- 2021
34. It Takes a Village to Make a Scientist: Reflections of a Faculty Learning Community
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Cervato, Cinzia, Gallus, William, Slade, Michael, Kawaler, Steve, Marengo, Massimo, Woo, Keith, Krumhardt, Barbara, Flory, Dave, Clough, Mike, Campbell, Alexis, Moss, Elizabeth, and Acerbo, Martin
- Published
- 2015
35. Deep Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Dynamic Developmental Progression during Early Development of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
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Xiaoli Ma, Baofeng Su, Yuan Tian, Nathan J. C. Backenstose, Zhi Ye, Anthony G. Moss, Thuy-Yen Duong, Xu Wang, and Rex A. Dunham
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early development ,channel catfish ,RNA sequencing ,WGCNA ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The transition from fertilized egg to larva in fish is accompanied with various biological processes. We selected seven early developmental stages in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, for transcriptome analysis, and covered 22,635 genes with 590 million high-quality RNA-sequencing (seq) reads. Differential expression analysis between neighboring developmental timepoints revealed significantly enriched biological categories associated with growth, development and morphogenesis, which was most evident at 2 vs. 5 days post fertilization (dpf) and 5 vs. 6 dpf. A gene co-expression network was constructed using the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) approach and four critical modules were identified. Among candidate hub genes, GDF10, FOXA2, HCEA and SYCE3 were involved in head formation, egg development and the transverse central element of synaptonemal complexes. CK1, OAZ2, DARS1 and UBE2V2 were mainly associated with regulation of cell cycle, growth, brain development, differentiation and proliferation of enterocytes. IFI44L and ZIP10 were critical for the regulation of immune activity and ion transport. Additionally, TCK1 and TGFB1 were related to phosphate transport and regulating cell proliferation. All these genes play vital roles in embryogenesis and regulation of early development. These results serve as a rich dataset for functional genomic studies. Our work reveals new insights of the underlying mechanisms in channel catfish early development.
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- 2020
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36. Improving Anti-Neurodegenerative Benefits of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease: Are Irreversible Inhibitors the Future?
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Donald E. Moss
- Subjects
Alzheimer’s disease ,acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ,acetylcholinesterase ,butyrylcholinesterase ,atrophy ,donepezil ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Decades of research have produced no effective method to prevent, delay the onset, or slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In contrast to these failures, acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) inhibitors slow the clinical progression of the disease and randomized, placebo-controlled trials in prodromal and mild to moderate AD patients have shown AChE inhibitor anti-neurodegenerative benefits in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal forebrain. CNS neurodegeneration and atrophy are now recognized as biomarkers of AD according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association (NIA-AA) criteria and recent evidence shows that these markers are among the earliest signs of prodromal AD, before the appearance of amyloid. The current AChE inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) have short-acting mechanisms of action that result in dose-limiting toxicity and inadequate efficacy. Irreversible AChE inhibitors, with a long-acting mechanism of action, are inherently CNS selective and can more than double CNS AChE inhibition possible with short-acting inhibitors. Irreversible AChE inhibitors open the door to high-level CNS AChE inhibition and improved anti-neurodegenerative benefits that may be an important part of future treatments to more effectively prevent, delay the onset, or slow the progression of AD.
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- 2020
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37. Optically-Thin Broadband Graphene-Membrane Photodetector
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Tania Moein, Darius Gailevičius, Tomas Katkus, Soon Hock Ng, Stefan Lundgaard, David J. Moss, Hamza Kurt, Vygantas Mizeikis, Kȩstutis Staliūnas, Mangirdas Malinauskas, and Saulius Juodkazis
- Subjects
optically thin photodetector ,graphene ,si3n4 membrane ,thermopower ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A broadband graphene-on-Si3N4-membrane photodetector for the visible-IR spectral range is realised by simple lithography and deposition techniques. Photo-current is produced upon illumination due to presence of the build-in potential between dissimilar metal electrodes on graphene as a result of charge transfer. The sensitivity of the photo-detector is ∼ 1 . 1 μ A/W when irradiated with 515 and 1030 nm wavelengths; a smaller separation between the metal contacts favors gradient formation of the built-in electric field and increases the efficiency of charge separation. This optically-thin graphene-on-membrane photodetector and its interdigitated counterpart has the potential to be used within 3D optical elements, such as photonic crystals, sensors, and wearable electronics applications where there is a need to minimise optical losses introduced by the detector.
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- 2020
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38. Analysis of the Separator Thickness and Porosity on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Dhevathi Rajan Rajagopalan Kannan, Pranaya Krishna Terala, Pedro L. Moss, and Mark H. Weatherspoon
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this paper, investigation on the effect of separator thickness and porosity on the performance of Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries are analyzed. In recent years there have been intensive efforts to improve the performance of the lithium-ion batteries. Separators are important component of lithium-ion batteries since they isolate the electrodes and prevent electrical short-circuits. Separators are also used as an electrolyte reservoir which is used as a medium for ions transfer during charge and discharge. Electrochemical performance of the batteries is highly dependent on the material, structure, and separators used. This paper compares the effects of material properties and the porosity of the separator on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Four different separators, polypropylene (PP) monolayer and polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE/PP) trilayer, with the thickness of 20 μm and 25 μm and porosities of 41%, 45%, 48%, and 50% were used for testing. It was found that PP separator with porosity of 41% and PP/PE/PP separator of 45% porosity perform better compared to other separators.
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- 2018
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39. Chemical and biochemical thermodynamics reunification (IUPAC Technical Report)
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Gerard P. Moss, Antonio Sabatini, Stefano Iotti, Marco Borsari, Sabatini A., Borsari M., Moss G.P., and Iotti S.
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0301 basic medicine ,chemical equilibrium ,030103 biophysics ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Chemical nomenclature ,Thermodynamics ,General Chemistry ,magnesium ,010402 general chemistry ,Chemical equilibrium ,Magnesium ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,03 medical and health sciences - Abstract
According to the 1994 IUBMB-IUPAC Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) on chemical and biochemical reactions, two categories of thermodynamics, based on different concepts and different formalisms, are established: (i) chemical thermodynamics, which employ conventional thermodynamic potentials to deal with chemical reactions [1], [2], [3]; and (ii) biochemical thermodynamics, which employ transformed thermodynamic quantities to deal with biochemical reactions based on the formalism proposed by Alberty [4], [5], [6], [7]. We showed that the two worlds of chemical and biochemical thermodynamics, which so far have been treated separately, can be reunified within the same thermodynamic framework. The thermodynamics of chemical reactions, in which all species are explicitly considered with their atoms and charge balanced, are compared with the transformed thermodynamics generally used to treat biochemical reactions where atoms and charges are not balanced. The transformed thermodynamic quantities suggested by Alberty are obtained by a mathematical transformation of the usual thermodynamic quantities. The present analysis demonstrates that the transformed values for Δr G′0 and Δr H′0 can be obtained directly, without performing any transformation, by simply writing the chemical reactions with all the pseudoisomers explicitly included and the elements and charges balanced. The appropriate procedures for computing the stoichiometric coefficients for the pseudoisomers are fully explained by means of an example calculation for the biochemical ATP hydrolysis reaction. It is concluded that the analysis reunifies the “two separate worlds” of conventional thermodynamics and transformed thermodynamics.
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- 2020
40. Protease supplementation in maize-based diet influenced net energy and nutrient digestibility in broilers
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Mingan Choct, Amy F. Moss, Aaron J. Cowieson, Natalie Morgan, and K.W. McCafferty
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrient digestibility ,Protease ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Net energy ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Amino acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,chemistry ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of supplemental protease in maize-based diets formulated with reduced density of digestible amino acids (dAA) on net energy (NE) utilisation and nutrient digestibility in broilers. A total of 312, one-day-old, male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into 24 floor pens and fed one of three treatments, with eight pen replicates per treatment throughout the starter (1 to 14 d of age) and grower (15 to 28 d of age) phases. Dietary treatments consisted of a positive control (PC) reference diet, a negative control diet (NC; dAA density 60 g/kg less than PC diet), and a NC diet with supplemental protease (200 mg/kg). All diets contained supplemental phytase (200 mg/kg) and xylanase (200 mg/kg). The reduction in dAA density between the PC and NC did not affect (P>0.05) NE, but protease supplementation in the NC diet increased (P0.05) affect nitrogen, starch, or DE in the jejunum or ileum. Likewise, no differences (P>0.05) in jejunal (nitrogen, starch, and DE) and ileal (starch and DE) digestibility values were observed between those offered the NC diets without or with protease, but a small difference (P
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- 2021
41. Potential anticancer activity of Acetone extracts of Toona cilliata, Seriphium plumosum and Schkuhria pinnata on HeLa cervical cancer cells
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Victor Patrick Bagla, Thabe Moss Matsebatlela, Matlou Phenius Mokgotho, Mxolisi Justice Ndlovu, and M.E. Makgatho
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Antioxidant ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Cell growth ,DPPH ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Flavonoid ,General Medicine ,Secondary metabolite ,biology.organism_classification ,HeLa ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,medicine ,Ferric ,business ,Medicinal plants ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is common in women in less developed regions of the world. The plant biomolecules can be employed for synergistic activity with chemo- and radiotherapy. This combinations might result in reduced toxicity and increased efficacy of the treatment regimen. Objectives: The anti-HeLa cells activity of the acetone extracts of S. plumosum, T. cilliata and S. pinnata was assessed using different parameters. Methods: Secondary metabolite detection and antioxidant activity quantification were determined using the DPPH and ferric iron reducing assays. HeLa cell growth inhibition and mechanistics were assessed by employing MTT and Annexin-V flous assays. Results: Observations revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins steroids and coumarins in all the plants ex- tracts. High amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content were detected in S. plumosum and T. cilliata. S. plumosum extract had the best DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing powers. Conclusion: Observable concentration dependent cell proliferation inhibition by test materials was exhibited. The leaf ex- tracts from T. cilliata, S. plumosum and S. pinnata contain compounds of various polarities with free-radical, antioxidant and anti-cancerous activities that may play a beneficial role in treatment. Keywords: Medicinal plants; anticancer activity; antioxidant activity.
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- 2021
42. Optimizing the Kerr Nonlinear Optical Performance of Silicon Waveguides Integrated With 2D Graphene Oxide Films
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Yuning Zhang, Jiayang Wu, Baohua Jia, David J. Moss, Linnan Jia, and Yang Qu
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Silicon ,Graphene ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Saturable absorption ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Nonlinear system ,chemistry ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Chirp ,Figure of merit ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Waveguide ,Doppler broadening - Abstract
The Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon nanowire waveguides integrated with 2D layered graphene oxide (GO) films is theoretically studied and optimized based on experimentally measured linear and nonlinear optical parameters of the GO films. The strong mode overlap between the silicon nanowires and highly nonlinear GO films yields a significantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity for the hybrid waveguides. A detailed analysis for the influence of waveguide geometry and GO film thickness on the propagation loss, nonlinear parameter, and nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) is performed. The results show that the effective nonlinear parameter and nonlinear FOM can be increased by up to 52 and 79 times relative to bare silicon nanowires, respectively. Self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced spectral broadening of optical pulses is used as a benchmark to evaluate the nonlinear performance, examining the tradeoff between enhancing Kerr nonlinearity and minimizing loss. By optimizing the device parameters to balance this, a high spectral broadening factor of 27.8 can be achieved, more than 6 times that achieved in previous experiments. Finally, the influence of pulse chirp, material anisotropy, and the interplay between saturable absorption and SPM is also discussed, together with the comparison between the spectral broadening after going through GO-coated and graphene-coated silicon waveguides. These results provide useful guidance for optimizing the Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon waveguides integrated with 2D layered GO films.
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- 2021
43. Overexpression of the MRI Reporter Genes Ferritin and Transferrin Receptor Affect Iron Homeostasis and Produce Limited Contrast in Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Sofia M. Pereira, Diana Moss, Steve R. Williams, Patricia Murray, and Arthur Taylor
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reporter genes ,magnetic resonance ,biogenic nanoparticles ,cell tracking ,chick embryo ,ferritin ,transferrin receptor ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Imaging technologies that allow the non-invasive monitoring of stem cells in vivo play a vital role in cell-based regenerative therapies. Recently, much interest has been generated in reporter genes that enable simultaneous monitoring of the anatomical location and viability of cells using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we investigate the efficacy of ferritin heavy chain-1 (Fth1) and transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) as reporters for tracking mesenchymal stem cells. The overexpression of TfR1 was well tolerated by the cells but Fth1 was found to affect the cell’s iron homeostasis, leading to phenotypic changes in the absence of iron supplementation and an upregulation in transcript and protein levels of the cell’s endogenous transferrin receptor. Neither the sole overexpression of Fth1 nor TfR1 resulted in significant increases in intracellular iron content, although significant differences were seen when the two reporter genes were used in combination, in the presence of high concentrations of iron. The supplementation of the culture medium with iron sources was a more efficient means to obtain contrast than the use of reporter genes, where high levels of intracellular iron were reflected in transverse (T2) relaxation. The feasibility of imaging iron-supplemented cells by MRI is shown using a 3R-compliant chick embryo model.
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- 2015
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44. Caffeine Supplementation Strategies Among Endurance Athletes
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Robyn Braun-Trocchio, Meena Shah, Kamiah Moss, Austin J Graybeal, and Andreas Kreutzer
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,chemistry ,Athletes ,business.industry ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Caffeine ,business ,Sports nutrition - Abstract
Caffeine is widely accepted as an endurance-performance enhancing supplement. Most scientific research studies use doses of 3–6 mg/kg of caffeine 60 min prior to exercise based on pharmacokinetics. It is not well understood whether endurance athletes employ similar supplementation strategies in practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate caffeine supplementation protocols among endurance athletes. A survey conducted on Qualtrics returned responses regarding caffeine supplementation from 254 endurance athletes (f = 134, m =120; age = 39.4 ± 13.9 y; pro = 11, current collegiate athlete = 37, recreational = 206; running = 98, triathlon = 83, cycling = 54, other = 19; training days per week = 5.4 ± 1.3). Most participants reported habitual caffeine consumption (85.0%; 41.2% multiple times daily). However, only 24.0% used caffeine supplements. A greater proportion of men (31.7%) used caffeine supplements compared with women (17.2%; p = 0.007). Caffeine use was also more prevalent among professional (45.5%) and recreational athletes (25.1%) than in collegiate athletes (9.4%). Type of sport (p = 0.641), household income (p = 0.263), education (p = 0.570) or working with a coach (p = 0.612) did not have an impact on caffeine supplementation prevalence. Of those reporting specific timing of caffeine supplementation, 49.1% and 34.9% reported consuming caffeine within 30 min of training and races respectively; 38.6 and 36.5% used caffeine 30–60 min before training and races. Recreational athletes reported consuming smaller amounts of caffeine before training (1.6 ± 1.0 mg/kg) and races (2.0 ± 1.2 mg/kg) compared with collegiate (TRG: 2.1 ± 1.2 mg/kg; RACE: 3.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg) and professional (TRG: 2.4 ± 1.1 mg/kg; RACE: 3.5 ± 0.6 mg/kg) athletes. Overall, participants reported minor to moderate perceived effectiveness of caffeine supplementation (2.31 ± 0.9 on a four-point Likert-type scale) with greatest effectiveness during longer sessions (2.8 ± 1.1). It appears that recreational athletes use lower caffeine amounts than what has been established as ergogenic in laboratory protocols; further, they consume caffeine closer to exercise compared with typical research protocols. Thus, better education of recreational athletes and additional research into alternative supplementation strategies are warranted.
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- 2022
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45. An entropic safety catch controls hepatitis C virus entry and antibody resistance
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David S. Moss, Myrto Kremyda-Vlachou, Lucas Walker, Machaela Palor, Tina Daviter, Joe Grove, William Rosenberg, William D. Lees, Christopher J. R. Illingworth, Lenka Stejskal, Zisis Kozlakidis, Mphatso D Kalemera, Adrian J. Shepherd, Kalemera, Mphatso D [0000-0001-9461-1117], Bailey, Dalan [0000-0002-5640-2266], Rosenberg, William [0000-0002-2732-2304], Illingworth, Christopher [0000-0002-0030-2784], Shepherd, Adrian J [0000-0003-0194-8613], Grove, Joe [0000-0001-5390-7579], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Illingworth, Christopher JR [0000-0002-0030-2784]
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Hepatitis C virus ,Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics ,infectious disease ,Entropy ,Cell ,Hepacivirus ,virus entry ,bcs ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,Viral entry ,medicine ,molecular biophysics ,antibodies ,structural biology ,Humans ,viruses ,Receptor ,protein disorder ,Microbiology and Infectious Disease ,biology ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,microbiology ,General Medicine ,Conformational entropy ,hepatitis c virus ,Virus Internalization ,Virology ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,Hepatitis C ,molecular dynamics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,Function (biology) ,Research Article - Abstract
E1 and E2 (E1E2), the fusion proteins of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), are unlike that of any other virus yet described, and the detailed molecular mechanisms of HCV entry/fusion remain unknown. Hypervariable region-1 (HVR-1) of E2 is a putative intrinsically disordered protein tail. Here, we demonstrate that HVR-1 has an autoinhibitory function that suppresses the activity of E1E2 on free virions; this is dependent on its conformational entropy. Thus, HVR-1 is akin to a safety catch that prevents premature triggering of E1E2 activity. Crucially, this mechanism is turned off by host receptor interactions at the cell surface to allow entry. Mutations that reduce conformational entropy in HVR-1, or genetic deletion of HVR-1, turn off the safety catch to generate hyper-reactive HCV that exhibits enhanced virus entry but is thermally unstable and acutely sensitive to neutralising antibodies. Therefore, the HVR-1 safety catch controls the efficiency of virus entry and maintains resistance to neutralising antibodies. This discovery provides an explanation for the ability of HCV to persist in the face of continual immune assault and represents a novel regulatory mechanism that is likely to be found in other viral fusion machinery.
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- 2022
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46. Tuneable Hybrid Hydrogels via Complementary Self-Assembly of a Bioactive Peptide with a Robust Polysaccharide
- Author
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Anita F. Quigley, Robert M. I. Kapsa, Richard J. Williams, Mitchell Boyd-Moss, David R. Nisbet, Chaitali Dekiwadia, William Hoskin, Elena Pirogova, Kate Firipis, and Benjamin M. Long
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Phenylalanine ,0206 medical engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biocompatible Materials ,Peptide ,02 engineering and technology ,Biomaterials ,Extracellular matrix ,3D cell culture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tissue engineering ,Polysaccharides ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Hydrogels ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Fibronectin ,chemistry ,Self-healing hydrogels ,biology.protein ,Biophysics ,Agarose ,Peptides ,0210 nano-technology ,Self-assembling peptide - Abstract
Synthetic materials designed for improved biomimicry of the extracellular matrix must contain fibrous, bioactive, and mechanical cues. Self-assembly of low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) peptides Fmoc-DIKVAV (Fmoc-aspartic acid-isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine-valine) and Fmoc-FRGDF (Fmoc-phenylalanine-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-phenylalanine) creates fibrous and bioactive hydrogels. Polysaccharides such as agarose are biocompatible, degradable, and non-toxic. Agarose and these Fmoc-peptides have both demonstrated efficacy in vitro and in vivo. These materials have complementary properties; agarose has known mechanics in the physiological range but is inert and would benefit from bioactive and topographical cues found in the fibrous, protein-rich extracellular matrix. Fmoc-DIKVAV and Fmoc-FRGDF are synthetic self-assembling peptides that present bioactive cues "IKVAV" and "RGD" designed from the ECM proteins laminin and fibronectin. The work presented here demonstrates that the addition of agarose to Fmoc-DIKVAV and Fmoc-FRGDF results in physical characteristics that are dependent on agarose concentration. The networks are peptide-dominated at low agarose concentrations, and agarose-dominated at high agarose concentrations, resulting in distinct changes in structural morphology. Interestingly, at mid-range agarose concentration, a hybrid network is formed with structural similarities to both peptide and agarose systems, demonstrating reinforced mechanical properties. Bioactive-LMWG polysaccharide hydrogels demonstrate controllable microenvironmental properties, providing the ability for tissue-specific biomaterial design for tissue engineering and 3D cell culture.
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- 2021
47. The Serpin-like Loop Insertion of Ovalbumin Increases the Stability and Decreases the OVA 323–339 Epitope Processing Efficiency
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Daniel L. Moss, Samuel J. Landry, and Ramgopal R. Mettu
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Binding Sites ,Protease ,biology ,Ovalbumin ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Processing efficiency ,Serpin ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Peptide Fragments ,In vitro ,Epitope ,Cell biology ,Epitopes ,Kinetics ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Animals ,Thermodynamics ,Chickens ,Reactive center ,Serpins ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Chicken ovalbumin (cOVA) has been studied for decades primarily due to the robust genetic and molecular resources that are available for experimental investigations. cOVA is a member of the serpin superfamily of proteins that function as protease inhibitors, although cOVA does not exhibit this activity. As a serpin, cOVA possesses a protease-sensitive reactive center loop that lies adjacent to the OVA 323–339 CD4+ T-cell epitope. We took advantage of the previously described single-substitution variant, OVA R339T, which can undergo the dramatic structural transition observed in serpins, to study how changes in loop size and protein stability influence the processing and presentation of the OVA 323–339 epitope. We observed that the OVA R339T loop insertion increases the stability and protease resistance, resulting in the reduced presentation of the OVA 323–339 epitope in vitro. These findings have implications for the design of more effective vaccines for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer as well as the development of more robust CD4+ T-cell epitope prediction tools.
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- 2021
48. Analysis of Four-Wave Mixing in Silicon Nitride Waveguides Integrated With 2D Layered Graphene Oxide Films
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Yuning Zhang, Jiayang Wu, Yang Qu, Yao Liang, Linnan Jia, Baohua Jia, and David J. Moss
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Oxide ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,Silicon nitride ,chemistry ,Coating ,law ,Dispersion (optics) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Waveguide - Abstract
We theoretically investigate and optimize four-wave mixing (FWM) in silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides integrated with two-dimensional (2D) layered graphene oxide (GO) films. Based on extensive previous measurements of the material parameters of the GO films, we perform detailed analysis for the influence of device parameters including waveguide geometry, GO film thickness, length, and coating position on the FWM conversion efficiency (CE) and conversion bandwidth (CB). The influence of dispersion and photo-thermal changes in the GO films is also discussed. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SiN waveguides and the highly nonlinear GO films, FWM in the hybrid waveguides can be significantly enhanced. We obtain good agreement with previous experimental results and show that by optimizing the device parameters to balance the trade-off between Kerr nonlinearity and loss, the FWM CE can be improved by as much as ~20.7 dB and the FWM CB can be increased by ~4.4 folds, relative to the uncoated waveguides. These results highlight the significantly enhanced FWM performance that can be achieved in SiN waveguides by integrating 2D layered GO films.
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- 2021
49. Nano-scale morphology of cardiomyocyte t-tubule/sarcoplasmic reticulum junctions revealed by ultra-rapid high-pressure freezing and electron tomography
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Eva A. Rog-Zielinska, Robin Moss, Gunnar Seemann, W. Kaltenbacher, Peter Kohl, Joachim Greiner, Mark B. Cannell, and Paul Verkade
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Electron Microscope Tomography ,Heart Ventricles ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,T-tubule ,law.invention ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Freezing ,Pressure ,medicine ,Animals ,Myocyte ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,Terminal cisternae ,Molecular Biology ,Excitation Contraction Coupling ,Chemistry ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Cardiac muscle ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Electron tomography ,Biophysics ,Ultrastructure ,Original Article ,Rabbits ,Electron microscope ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the ultrastructure of intracellular compartments is a prerequisite for our understanding of how cells function. In cardiac muscle cells, close apposition of transverse (t)-tubule (TT) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes supports stable high-gain excitation-contraction coupling. Here, the fine structure of this key intracellular element is examined in rabbit and mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes, using ultra-rapid high-pressure freezing (HPF, omitting aldehyde fixation) and electron microscopy. 3D electron tomograms were used to quantify the dimensions of TT, terminal cisternae of the SR, and the space between SR and TT membranes (dyadic cleft). In comparison to conventional aldehyde-based chemical sample fixation, HPF-preserved samples of both species show considerably more voluminous SR terminal cisternae, both in absolute dimensions and in terms of junctional SR to TT volume ratio. In rabbit cardiomyocytes, the average dyadic cleft surface area of HPF and chemically fixed myocytes did not differ, but cleft volume was significantly smaller in HPF samples than in conventionally fixed tissue; in murine cardiomyocytes, the dyadic cleft surface area was higher in HPF samples with no difference in cleft volume. In both species, the apposition of the TT and SR membranes in the dyad was more likely to be closer than 10 nm in HPF samples compared to CFD, presumably resulting from avoidance of sample shrinkage associated with conventional fixation techniques. Overall, we provide a note of caution regarding quantitative interpretation of chemically-fixed ultrastructures, and offer novel insight into cardiac TT and SR ultrastructure with relevance for our understanding of cardiac physiology., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image, Highlights • The cardiac dyadic cleft, where T-tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum are closely opposed, is key to cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. • Most knowledge about the ultrastructure of the dyad comes from electron microscopic studies, traditionally involving chemical fixation. • By using ultra-fast vitrification, we demonstrate that the dyadic cleft has dramatic qualitative and quantitative differences in morphology.
- Published
- 2021
50. Onset of effect and impact on health-related quality of life, exacerbation rate, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (ANDHI): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial
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Harrison, Tim W, Chanez, Pascal, Menzella, Francesco, Canonica, Giorgio Walter, Louis, Renaud, Cosio, Borja G, Lugogo, Njira L, Mohan, Arjun, Burden, Annie, McDermott, Lawrence, Garcia Gil, Esther, Zangrilli, James G, Wolfgang Pohl, Robert Voves, Maud Deschampheleire, Renaud Louis, Jean-Benoit Martinot, Rudi Peché, Kenneth Chapman, Amarjit Cheema, Delbert Dorscheid, J Mark FitzGerald, Remi Gagnon, William Patrick Killorn, Ronald Olivenstein, George Philteos, Clare Ramsey, J Douglass Rolf, Brandie Walker, Ole Hilberg, Tina Skjold, Ingrid Titlestad, Auli Hakulinen, Maritta Kilpeläinen, Michèle Ben Hayoun, Philippe Bonniaud, Arnaud Bourdin, Pascal Chanez, Frédéric De Blay, Gaëtan Deslee, Gilles Devouassoux, Alain Didier, Youcef Douadi, Stéphanie Fry, Gilles Garcia, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Christophe Leroyer, Antoine Magnan, Guillaume Mahay, Cécilia Nocent, Christophe Pison, Pauline-Marie Roux, Camille Taillé, Juliana-Angelica Tiotiu, Ekkehard Beck, Margret Jandl, Christian Kaehler, Frank Kässner, Frank Koesters, Juliane Kronsbein, Thomas Schaum, Christian Schulz, Dirk Skowasch, Christian Taube, Tobias Welte, Andrés de Roux, Bianca Beghé, Francesco Blasi, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Giovanna Carpagnano, Cristiano Caruso, Angelo Guido Corsico, Elio Constantino, Nunzio Crimi, Piero Maestrelli, Francesco Menzella, Manlio Milanese, Alberto Papi, Girolamo Pelaia, Laura Pini, Pierachille Santus, Eleonora Savi, Nicola Scichilone, Gianenrico Senna, Giuseppe Spadaro, Adriano Vaghi, Steven Gans, Jurgen Hölters, B Langeveld, Willem Pieters, G H A Staaks, Ilonka van Veen, J W K van den Berg, Gunnar Einvik, Sverre Lehmann, Ismael Ali García, Carlos Almonacid, Irina Bobolea, Paloma Campo Mozo, Gustavo de Luiz, Christian Domingo Ribas, José María Echave-Sustaeta María-Tomé, Juan Luis García Rivero, Borja García-Cosío Piqueras, Ana Gómez-Bastero Fernández, Ruperto González Pérez, Aythamy Henríquez Santa, Carlos Martínez Rivera, Xavier Muñoz Gall, Jacinto Ramos, Jose Gregorio Soto Campos, Carmen Vidal Pan, Nikolai Stenfors, Alf Tunsäter, Ines Vinge, Rekha Chaudhuri, Timothy Harrison, Adel Mansur, Shuaib Nasser, Monica Nordstrom, Paul Pfeffer, Dinesh Saralaya, Philip Short, Arun Adlakha, Oral Alpan, Francis Averill, Anil Badhwar, Jose Bardelas, Barbara Baxter, George Bensch, William Berger, Jonathan Bernstein, Tracy Bridges, Ryan Brimeyer, William Calhoun, Edward Campbell, William Brett Cherry, Geoffrey Chupp, Lee Clore, John Cohn, Jeremy Cole, John Condemi, James Cury, Benjamin Davis, Samuel DeLeon, Luis Delacruz, Joseph Diaz, David Erb, Emeka Eziri, Faisal Fakih, Douglas Fiedler, David Fost, Stephen Fritz, Erika Gonzalez, Brad Goodman, Peter Gottlieb, Gregory Gottschlich, Richard Gower, Rizan Hajal, James Harris, Hengameh Heidarian-Raissy, Albrecht Heyder, David Hill, Fernando Holguin, Iftikhar Hussain, Jonathan Illowite, Joshua Jacobs, Mikell Jarratt, Harold Kaiser, Neil Kao, Ravindra Kashyap, David Kaufman, Edward Kent, Kenneth Kim, Ryan Klein, Monica Kraft, Ritsu Kono, Shahrukh Kureishy, Jeffrey Leflein, Mila Leong, Huamin Li, Robert Lin, Njira Lugogo, Michael Marcus, Diego Jose Maselli Caceres, Vinay Mehta, Curtis Mello, Mark Millard, Aaron Milstone, Arjun Mohan, Wendy Moore, Mark Moss, Nayla Mumneh, Thomas O'Brien, David Ostransky, Michael Palumbo, Purvi Parikh, Sudhir Parikh, Amit Patel, Guido Perez, Warren Pleskow, Bruce Prenner, Dileep Puppala, John Ramey, Joan Reibman, Ramon Reyes, Emory Robinette, Ileana Rodicio, Stephen Ryan, Sudhir Sekhsaria, Barry Sigal, Vinay Sikand, Weily Soong, Selwyn Spangenthal, Roy St John, Gary Steven, Vijay Subramaniam, Kaharu Sumino, Eric Sztejman, Ricardo A Tan, Tonny Tanus, Charles Thompson, Carl Thornblade, Manuel Villareal, Sally Wenzel, Heidi Zafra, Tomasz Ziedalski, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire - UMR-S 1250 (P3CELL), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Tim W, Harrison, Pascal, Chanez, Francesco, Menzella, Giorgio Walter, Canonica, Renaud, Loui, Borja G, Cosio, Njira L, Lugogo, Arjun, Mohan, Annie, Burden, Lawrence, Mcdermott, Esther, Garcia Gil, Zangrilli, G, Jame, Pohl, Wolfgang, Voves, Robert, Deschampheleire, Maud, Louis, Renaud, Martinot, Jean-Benoit, Peché, Rudi, Chapman, Kenneth, Cheema, Amarjit, Dorscheid, Delbert, Mark FitzGerald, J, Gagnon, Remi, Patrick Killorn, William, Olivenstein, Ronald, Philteos, George, Ramsey, Clare, Douglass Rolf, J, Walker, Brandie, Hilberg, Ole, Skjold, Tina, Titlestad, Ingrid, Hakulinen, Auli, Kilpeläinen, Maritta, Ben Hayoun, Michèle, Bonniaud, Philippe, Bourdin, Arnaud, Chanez, Pascal, De Blay, Frédéric, Deslee, Gaëtan, Devouassoux, Gille, Didier, Alain, Douadi, Youcef, Fry, Stéphanie, Garcia, Gille, Girodet, Pierre-Olivier, Leroyer, Christophe, Magnan, Antoine, Mahay, Guillaume, Nocent, Cécilia, Pison, Christophe, Roux, Pauline-Marie, Taillé, Camille, Tiotiu, Juliana-Angelica, Beck, Ekkehard, Jandl, Margret, Kaehler, Christian, Kässner, Frank, Koesters, Frank, Kronsbein, Juliane, Schaum, Thoma, Schulz, Christian, Skowasch, Dirk, Taube, Christian, Welte, Tobia, de Roux, André, Beghé, Bianca, Blasi, Francesco, Walter Canonica, Giorgio, Carpagnano, Giovanna, Caruso, Cristiano, Guido Corsico, Angelo, Constantino, Elio, Crimi, Nunzio, Maestrelli, Piero, Menzella, Francesco, Milanese, Manlio, Papi, Alberto, Pelaia, Girolamo, Pini, Laura, Santus, Pierachille, Savi, Eleonora, Scichilone, Nicola, Senna, Gianenrico, Spadaro, Giuseppe, Vaghi, Adriano, Gans, Steven, Hölters, Jurgen, Langeveld, B, Pieters, Willem, A Staaks, G H, van Veen, Ilonka, K van den Berg, J W, Einvik, Gunnar, Lehmann, Sverre, Ali García, Ismael, Almonacid, Carlo, Bobolea, Irina, Campo Mozo, Paloma, de Luiz, Gustavo, Domingo Ribas, Christian, María Echave-Sustaeta María-Tomé, José, Luis García Rivero, Juan, García-Cosío Piqueras, Borja, Gómez-Bastero Fernández, Ana, González Pérez, Ruperto, Henríquez Santa, Aythamy, Martínez Rivera, Carlo, Muñoz Gall, Xavier, Ramos, Jacinto, Gregorio Soto Campos, Jose, Vidal Pan, Carmen, Stenfors, Nikolai, Tunsäter, Alf, Vinge, Ine, Chaudhuri, Rekha, Harrison, Timothy, Mansur, Adel, Nasser, Shuaib, Nordstrom, Monica, Pfeffer, Paul, Saralaya, Dinesh, Short, Philip, Adlakha, Arun, Alpan, Oral, Averill, Franci, Badhwar, Anil, Bardelas, Jose, Baxter, Barbara, Bensch, George, Berger, William, Bernstein, Jonathan, Bridges, Tracy, Brimeyer, Ryan, Calhoun, William, Campbell, Edward, Brett Cherry, William, Chupp, Geoffrey, Clore, Lee, Cohn, John, Cole, Jeremy, Condemi, John, Cury, Jame, Davis, Benjamin, Deleon, Samuel, Delacruz, Lui, Diaz, Joseph, Erb, David, Eziri, Emeka, Fakih, Faisal, Fiedler, Dougla, Fost, David, Fritz, Stephen, Gonzalez, Erika, Goodman, Brad, Gottlieb, Peter, Gottschlich, Gregory, Gower, Richard, Hajal, Rizan, Harris, Jame, Heidarian-Raissy, Hengameh, Heyder, Albrecht, Hill, DAVID STANLEY, Holguin, Fernando, Hussain, Iftikhar, Illowite, Jonathan, Jacobs, Joshua, Jarratt, Mikell, Kaiser, Harold, Kao, Neil, Kashyap, Ravindra, Kaufman, David, Kent, Edward, Kim, Kenneth, Klein, Ryan, Kraft, Monica, Kono, Ritsu, Kureishy, Shahrukh, Leflein, Jeffrey, Leong, Mila, Li, Huamin, Lin, Robert, Lugogo, Njira, Marcus, Michael, Jose Maselli Caceres, Diego, Mehta, Vinay, Mello, Curti, Millard, Mark, Milstone, Aaron, Mohan, Arjun, Moore, Wendy, Moss, Mark, Mumneh, Nayla, O'Brien, Thoma, Ostransky, David, Palumbo, Michael, Parikh, Purvi, Parikh, Sudhir, Patel, Amit, Perez, Guido, Pleskow, Warren, Prenner, Bruce, Puppala, Dileep, Ramey, John, Reibman, Joan, Reyes, Ramon, Robinette, Emory, Rodicio, Ileana, Ryan, Stephen, Sekhsaria, Sudhir, Sigal, Barry, Sikand, Vinay, Soong, Weily, Spangenthal, Selwyn, St John, Roy, Gary, Steven, Subramaniam, Vijay, Sumino, Kaharu, Sztejman, Eric, A Tan, Ricardo, Tanus, Tonny, Thompson, Charle, Thornblade, Carl, Villareal, Manuel, Wenzel, Sally, Zafra, Heidi, Ziedalski, Tomasz, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, Harrison T.W., Chanez P., Menzella F., Canonica G.W., Louis R., Cosio B.G., Lugogo N.L., Mohan A., Burden A., McDermott L., Garcia Gil E., Zangrilli J.G., Pohl W., Voves R., Deschampheleire M., Martinot J.-B., Peche R., Chapman K., Cheema A., Dorscheid D., FitzGerald J.M., Gagnon R., Killorn W.P., Olivenstein R., Philteos G., Ramsey C., Rolf J.D., Walker B., Hilberg O., Skjold T., Titlestad I., Hakulinen A., Kilpelainen M., Ben Hayoun M., Bonniaud P., Bourdin A., De Blay F., Deslee G., Devouassoux G., Didier A., Douadi Y., Fry S., Garcia G., Girodet P.-O., Leroyer C., Magnan A., Mahay G., Nocent C., Pison C., Roux P.-M., Taille C., Tiotiu J.-A., Beck E., Jandl M., Kaehler C., Kassner F., Koesters F., Kronsbein J., Schaum T., Schulz C., Skowasch D., Taube C., Welte T., de Roux A., Beghe B., Blasi F., Carpagnano G., Caruso C., Corsico A.G., Constantino E., Crimi N., Maestrelli P., Milanese M., Papi A., Pelaia G., Pini L., Santus P., Savi E., Scichilone N., Senna G., Spadaro G., Vaghi A., Gans S., Holters J., Langeveld B., Pieters W., Staaks G.H.A., van Veen I., van den Berg J.W.K., Einvik G., Lehmann S., Ali Garcia I., Almonacid C., Bobolea I., Campo Mozo P., de Luiz G., Domingo Ribas C., Echave-Sustaeta Maria-Tome J.M., Garcia Rivero J.L., Garcia-Cosio Piqueras B., Gomez-Bastero Fernandez A., Gonzalez Perez R., Henriquez Santa A., Martinez Rivera C., Munoz Gall X., Ramos J., Gregorio Soto Campos J., Vidal Pan C., Stenfors N., Tunsater A., Vinge I., Chaudhuri R., Harrison T., Mansur A., Nasser S., Nordstrom M., Pfeffer P., Saralaya D., Short P., Adlakha A., Alpan O., Averill F., Badhwar A., Bardelas J., Baxter B., Bensch G., Berger W., Bernstein J., Bridges T., Brimeyer R., Calhoun W., Campbell E., Cherry W.B., Chupp G., Clore L., Cohn J., Cole J., Condemi J., Cury J., Davis B., DeLeon S., Delacruz L., Diaz J., Erb D., Eziri E., Fakih F., Fiedler D., Fost D., Fritz S., Gonzalez E., Goodman B., Gottlieb P., Gottschlich G., Gower R., Hajal R., Harris J., Heidarian-Raissy H., Heyder A., Hill D., Holguin F., Hussain I., Illowite J., Jacobs J., Jarratt M., Kaiser H., Kao N., Kashyap R., Kaufman D., Kent E., Kim K., Klein R., Kraft M., Kono R., Kureishy S., Leflein J., Leong M., Li H., Lin R., Lugogo N., Marcus M., Maselli Caceres D.J., Mehta V., Mello C., Millard M., Milstone A., Moore W., Moss M., Mumneh N., O'Brien T., Ostransky D., Palumbo M., Parikh P., Parikh S., Patel A., Perez G., Pleskow W., Prenner B., Puppala D., Ramey J., Reibman J., Reyes R., Robinette E., Rodicio I., Ryan S., Sekhsaria S., Sigal B., Sikand V., Soong W., Spangenthal S., St. John R., Steven G., Subramaniam V., Sumino K., Sztejman E., Tan R.A., Tanus T., Thompson C., Thornblade C., Villareal M., Wenzel S., Zafra H., Ziedalski T., and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Spirometry ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Exacerbation ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio ,Placebo ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,Patient Reported Outcome Measures ,education ,Sinusitis ,Asthma ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Benralizumab ,3. Good health ,Eosinophils ,030228 respiratory system ,chemistry ,Asthma Control Questionnaire ,Disease Progression ,Quality of Life ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background: ANDHI was done to assess the efficacy of benralizumab, including onset of effect and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), exacerbation rate, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms. Methods: This phase 3b, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled ANDHI study was completed in adults (aged 18–75 years) with severe eosinophilic asthma with at least 2 exacerbations in the previous year, despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroid plus additional controllers, screening blood eosinophil counts of at least 150 cells per μL, and an Asthma Control Questionnaire 6 (ACQ-6) score of 1·5 or more. Patients who met eligibility criteria were randomly assigned (2:1; stratified by previous exacerbation count [two, or three or more], maintenance oral corticosteroid use, and region), using an integrated web-based response system, to receive benralizumab at 30 mg every 8 weeks (first three doses given 4 weeks apart) or matched placebo for 24 weeks. Primary efficacy measure was annualised asthma exacerbation rate, with rate ratio (RR) calculated over the approximate 24-week follow-up. Secondary efficacy measures included change from baseline to end of treatment (week 24) in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score (key secondary endpoint), FEV1, peak expiratory flow (PEF), ACQ-6, Predominant Symptom and Impairment Assessment (PSIA), Clinician Global Impression of Change (CGI-C), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C), and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22). All efficacy analyses, except for SNOT-22, were summarised and analysed using the full analysis set on an intention-to-treat population (all randomly assigned patients receiving investigational product, regardless of protocol adherence or continued participation in the study). SNOT-22 was summarised for the subgroup of patients with physician-diagnosed nasal polyposis with informed consent. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03170271. Findings: Between July 7, 2017, and Sept 25, 2019, 656 patients received benralizumab (n=427) or placebo (n=229). Baseline characteristics were consistent with severe eosinophilic asthma. Benralizumab significantly reduced exacerbation risk by 49% compared with placebo (RR estimate 0·51, 95% CI 0·39–0·65; p5%) were nasopharyngitis (30 [7%]), headache (37 [9%]), sinusitis (28 [7%]), bronchitis (22 [5%]), and pyrexia (26 [6%]). Fewer serious adverse events were reported for benralizumab (23 [5%]) versus placebo (25 [11%]), and the only common serious adverse event (experienced by >1% of patients) was worsening of asthma, which was reported for nine (2%) patients in the benralizumab group and nine (4%) patients in the placebo group. Interpretation: Our results extend the efficacy profile of benralizumab for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, showing early clinical benefits in patient-reported outcomes, HRQOL, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms. Funding: AstraZeneca.
- Published
- 2021
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