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Bacterial endosymbionts are well characterized for plant growth promotion. In this study, the root, nodules, and stem of the Cicer arietinum crop planted in a semi-arid zone were used as a source to isolate potential plant growth bacteria. The ability to grow under salt stress was determined, and the potential isolate was screened for plant growth promotion traits. The selected isolate was identified by the 16S rDNA method. Pot trials were conducted to know the ability of the isolate to promote plant growth in-vivo. Among various isolates obtained, a bacterial isolate obtained from root showed the ability to grow in the presence of 10 % Sodium fluoride (NaF). The isolate produced Indole Acetic acid in an amount of 72 mg per liter in production medium. The bacteria solubilized phosphate and produce exopolysaccharide (2.12 g per liter). The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas sihuiensis. The result of pot trials reveals that the endophyte promotes plant growth under stress conditions and may be used as a bio-fertilizer.

In the present study, dye decolorizing bacteria were isolated from water and soil samples, collected from textile industries in Jodhpur province, India. Two bacterial species namely, Bacillus pumilis and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus were screened and identified based on biochemical characterization. The degradation efficiency of these two microorganisms was compared through optimization of pH, incubation time, initial dye concentration and inoculum size. B. pumilis and P. thiominolyticus were able to degrade 61% and 67% Red HE3B, 81% and 75% Orange F2R, 49.7% and 44.2% Yellow ME4GL and 61.6% and 59.5% Blue RC CT dyes of 800mg/l concentration respectively. The optimum pH and time were found to be 8 within 24 hours. The FT-IR analysis confirmed that microorganisms were able to degrade toxic azo dyes into a non-toxic product as proved through structural modifications to analyze chemical functions in materials by detecting the vibrations that characterize chemical bonds. It is based on the absorption of infrared radiation by the microbial product. Therefore, Bacillus pumilis and Paenibacillus thiaminolyticus are a promising tool for decolorization of dyes due to its potential to effectively decolorize higher azo dye concentrations (10-800 mg/L) and can be exploited for bioremediation.

The major battle that the human civilization is facing in the present era is regarding pollution; one of a serious threat among these pollutions is the contamination of water bodies due to oil spills. Oil spills from ships, tankers, or leaks in marine oil pipes are something that is needed to deal with to make the earth a better place. To protect the water and the environment, this oil should be removed from the water or the surface. The chances for oil spills have reduced as we have observed there is a significant change in the pattern with the decrease of the use of tankers and pipelines for oil and petroleum derivatives. The point should be that according to the researchers, the marine ecosystem is damaged even more by the other sources of pollution even though the event of oil spills is certainly much sensational. There is an urgent requirement of advanced eco-friendly tools to eliminate spilled oil. Some studies suggest that the use of organic matter may be an effective step in such an oil spilled scenario. Organic matter acts as a sorbent, a surfactant, and a separator and can make using a variety of ingredients such as organic, inorganic, synthetic, or different, but they must interact with the biological system. Some organic materials can contaminate the water more than the oil that is spread, so eco-friendly, non-toxic, low-cost organic matter should be used for oil removal and recovery. If the oil is recovered from the environmental surface, then after the successful removal of that oil, it can be conducive to sustainable development. This review summarizes the overall perspective on the potential of different biomaterials for the removal of accidentally spilled oils.

Lactic acid bacteria are commonly found in the fermented dairy products. Lactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria and described as heterogeneous group of regular, non-spore forming, gram-positive, rod shaped, non-motile bacteria and absence of catalase enzyme. The aim of this study was to isolate Lactobacillus from different curd samples. A total of 14 curd samples were collected from the local areas of Gurgaon (Haryana) and Lakshmangarh (Rajasthan). From these, 28 isolates were obtained by growing on de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar medium and characterised by their phenotypic characteristics. The Lactobacillus isolates also possess homofermentative and heterofermentative characteristics. Key words : Lactobacillus , curd, microorganism