Author: "Rémi de Bettignies" / Topic: chemistry - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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28 results on '"Rémi de Bettignies"'

1. SnS thin films realized from colloidal nanocrystal inks

Author: Adam Pron, Peter Reiss, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Antoine de Kergommeaux, Rémi de Bettignies, Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Spin coating, Materials science, Metals and Alloys, Trioctylphosphine, Nanotechnology, Heterojunction, Surfaces and Interfaces, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surface coating, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Nanocrystal, Oleylamine, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Direct and indirect band gaps, Thin film
Abstract: Tin sulfide (SnS), having a direct band gap of 1.3 eV, is a promising absorber material for solar energy conversion. We synthesized colloidal SnS nanocrystals with a size tuneable from 5 to 20 nm and low size dispersion. These nanocrystals can be processed as thin films using low-cost solution phase methods. They also offer the possibility of controlling the crystalline phase before deposition. With the goal to obtain dense and crack-free films of high conductivity, we used a layer-by-layer deposition technique. In the first step, the substrate was dipped in the nanocrystal colloidal solution (“ink”). Next, exchange of the nanocrystal surface ligands (oleylamine, trioctylphosphine, oleic acid) was carried out by dipping the substrate into a solution of small cross-linking molecules (1,4-benzenedithiol). This exchange enhances the electronic coupling and charge carrier mobilities by reducing the interparticle distance. At the same time it assures the immobilization of the nanocrystals to avoid their removal during subsequent depositions. The thickness of the nanocrystal thin films was controlled in a range of 100–250 nm by varying the number of the alternating nanocrystal deposition and ligand exchange steps. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy investigations show that the obtained films are dense and homogeneous with a surface roughness as low as 3 to 4 nm root mean square. Using an inverted structure, the heterojunction of a SnS nanocrystals film with n-type ZnO nanocrystals shows a strongly increased current density under white light irradiation with respect to the dark.
Published: 2013
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2. Synthesis and characterizations of benzotriazole based donor–acceptor copolymers for organic photovoltaic applications

Author: Lara Perrin, Vajjiravel Murugesan, Stéphane Guillerez, Régis Mercier, and Rémi de Bettignies
Subjects: Benzotriazole, Materials science, Organic solar cell, Carbazole, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, Fluorene, Condensed Matter Physics, Photochemistry, Acceptor, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polymerization, Mechanics of Materials, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, Palladium
Abstract: Donor–acceptor alternated conjugated copolymers based on benzotriazole acceptor units and electron-donating units such as fluorene, carbazole and silyl fluorene, were synthesized through palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling polymerization. NMR and elemental analyses were achieved to confirm the structure of each copolymer. Their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties are also reported. The photovoltaic characteristics of these polymers determined from bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells are discussed.
Published: 2012
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3. Impedance spectrometry of optimized standard and inverted P3HT-PCBM organic solar cells

Author: Gérard Perrier, Rémi de Bettignies, Stéphane Guillerez, Solenn Berson, and Noëlla Lemaître
Subjects: Organic solar cell, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Equivalent circuit, Charge carrier, Low frequency, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Capacitance, Acceptor, Ohmic contact, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: A study of the optical and impedance behavior of optimized standard and inverted photovoltaic solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM active nano composites is presented. The standard cells sequence is ITO/HTL1/P3HT:PCBM/Ca/Al and the inverted cells one is ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/HTL2/Ag where HTL1 and HTL2 are Hole Transport Layers. Absorption and action spectra, together with I–V characteristics, are shown to be quite similar and lead to 4.05% and 3.90% energy conversions, for standard and inverted cells, respectively. Built-in potentials of 0.82–0.89 V and acceptor impurities concentrations of 1.6–2.4 1015 cm−3 are found through capacitance measurements. Impedance spectrometry shows the classical two-circle complex plan curves, one being related to the effective lifetime of charge carriers before recombination at low frequency, and the other one to the diffusion time of these carriers at high frequency. The shape of the curves is identical, showing the ohmic role of the ZnO layer. It is shown that overall resistances in the dark are higher for inverted cells as compared to standard ones, and that this feature is inverted under illumination, with a thousand-time decrease. Global mobilities are in the range 3.8–4.6 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is slightly higher as compared to the literature. Four different equivalent circuit models are tested on experimental results, and it is concluded that the classical RCPE model (or its Garcia–Belmonte variant) is suitable for this kind of cells.
Published: 2012
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4. New Alternating Copolymers of 3,6-Carbazoles and Dithienylbenzothiadiazoles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Photovoltaics

Author: Nicolas Berton, Christophe Morell, Chiara Ottone, Vanessa Labet, Séverine Bailly, Frédéric Chandezon, André Grand, Saïd Sadki, and Rémi de Bettignies
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic solar cell, Band gap, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Polymer solar cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, Photovoltaics, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Thiophene, Copolymer, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Carbazole, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Hybrid solar cell, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Three new low-bandgap copolymers containing 3,6-linked carbazole units are synthesized and characterized using a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques and DFT calculations. The electron-withdrawing effect of the BTD units leads to a significant decrease of the optical bandgap from 2.59 eV for PBTC to 1.81 eV for PCDTBT, whereas pendant octyl chains on the thiophene ring lead to an increase of the gap to 2.05 eV for PCDOTBT due to steric hindrance. PBTC:PCBM photovoltaic devices exhibit a PCE of 0.35% with an EQE reaching 35% in the blue region of the solar spectrum whereas PCDTBT:PCBM blends are efficient over a wider spectral range due to the lower bandgap of PCDTBT.
Published: 2011
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5. Effect of carbonitrile and hexyloxy substituents on alternated copolymer of polythiophene–Performances in photovoltaic cells

Author: Solenn Berson, Martial Billon, Stéphane Guillerez, Samy Cecioni, Rémi de Bettignies, Yann Kervella, and Séverine Bailly
Subjects: Materials science, Organic solar cell, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Band gap, Photochemistry, Polymer solar cell, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polymerization, chemistry, Polymer chemistry, Copolymer, Thiophene, Polythiophene, HOMO/LUMO
Abstract: A novel series of regioregular bithiophene disubstituted with a carbonitrile group as electron acceptor and a hexyl or hexyloxy chain as electron donor, have been synthesized. The position and the regioregularity of substituents on bithiophene have been controlled via a head-to-head (HH) or head-to-tail (HT) coupling reaction to give four monomers: the HH and the HT carbonitrilehexylbithiophene monomers and the HH and the HT carbonitrilehexyloxybithiophene monomers. Each of them lead, by chemical polymerization, to four polymers constituted by a polythiophene backbone containing alternating electron-donating and electron-withdrawing units directly connected to the polythiophene. Optical and electrochemical characterizations reveal that all these polymers have a low band gap and absorb at longer wavelengths in comparison with a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film. The planarity of the polythiophene backbone was increased by introduction of sulphur–oxygen (S–O) interactions between hexyloxy chains and thiophene units. In addition, the introduction of carbonitrile groups allows to stabilize the LUMO and the HOMO energy levels of polymers at around −3.10 eV for the LUMO and −5.0/−5.3 eV for the HOMO, which were lower than the ones of P3HT (−2.19 eV for the LUMO and ∼−4.9 eV for the HOMO). Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices were fabricated using blends of these polymers with PCBM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). Power conversion efficiency of 1.07% was obtained under solar illumination AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2) from a device containing the polymer synthesized from HT 3-carbonitrile-4′-hexyloxyl-2,2′-bithiophene monomers and PCBM as the active layer.
Published: 2010
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6. Alternatively linking fullerene and conjugated polymers

Author: Jocelyne Leroy, Abdel Khoukh, Carole Sentein, Muriel Firon, Pierre Iratçabal, Didier Bégué, Hervé Martinez, Hugues Preud'homme, Christine Dagron-Lartigau, Rémi de Bettignies, Roger C. Hiorns, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atom transfer radical addition, Electronic controls, Fullerene, Condensation polymer, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Polymers, Free radical reactions, 02 engineering and technology, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, Linking groups, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Poly(3-hexylthiophene), Copolymerization, Alternating copolymer, Power electronics, Polymer chemistry, conjugated polymers, Materials Chemistry, Copolymer, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electronics industry, Polymer photovoltaic devices, chemistry.chemical_classification, Telechelic polymer, Atom-transfer radical-polymerization, Computer modeling, Copolymers, Organic polymers, Organic Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Polymer, Computer simulation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Pyrrolidine rings, chemistry, Photovoltaic effects, Carrier mobility, Fullerenes, AFM, 0210 nano-technology, Macromolecule
Abstract: International audience; The stereo-electronic control over bisadditions of conjugated polymers to fullerene (C60) is explored in the formation of alternating copolymers. The chemistry, resulting configuration, and properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene)- alt-C60 copolymers prepared by either classic pyrrolidine ring formation or an atom transfer radical addition are compared. Both routes result in controlled additions of polymers to C60. Extensive macromolecular modeling through PM6 methods indicate that there is no conjugation between P3HT and C60 in the systems studied. This along with 2D-NMR, AFM, and photovoltaic characterizations of the materials indicate the importance of the structure of the modified C60 and the nature of the linking group between C60 and P3HT segments in determining the morphology of the copolymers in the solid state. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Published: 2009
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7. Fluorenone-Based Molecules for Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Properties

Author: Rémi de Bettignies, Martial Billon, Renaud Demadrille, Nicolas Delbosc, Séverine Bailly, Adam Pron, Frédéric Lincker, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Propriétés Optiques des Matériaux et Applications (POMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Faculty of Chemistry Technology (Warsaw, Poland), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Polymer solar cell, law.invention, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, Solar cell, Electrochemistry, Thiophene, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, Organic chemistry, HOMO/LUMO, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Electron acceptor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Fluorenone, Physical chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: A series of four conjugated molecules consisting of a fluorenone central unit symmetrically coupled to different oligothiophene segments are conceptually designed and synthesized to provide new electroactive materials for application in photovoltaic devices. The combination of electron-donating oligothiophene building blocks with an electron-accepting fluorenone unit results in the emergence of a new band assigned to an intramolecular charge transfer transition that gives rise to the extension of the absorption spectral range of the resulting molecules. Detailed spectroscopic and voltammetric investigations show that all studied molecules have highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level positions, which make them good candidates for the application as electron-donors in bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic cells, with (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)-C60 as electron acceptor component. Moderate device performances, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) comprised between 0.3 and 0.6%, were obtained with rigid molecules, containing either the bridging units between the thiophene rings, i.e., (2,7-bis(4,4 0 -dioctyl-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b 0 ]dithiophen-2yl)-fluoren-9-one (SCPTF) and 2,7-bis(4-(dioctylmethylene)-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b 0 ]dithiophen-5-yl)-fluoren-9-one (MCPTF) or a vinylene unit 2,7-bis(5-[(E)-1,2-bis(3-octylthien-2-yl)ethylene])-fluoren-9-one (TVF), whereas with (2,7-bis-(3,3 000 -dioctyl[2,2 0 ;5 0 ,2 00 ;5 00 ,2 000 ]quaterthiophen-5-yl)-fluoren-9-one (QTF) PCE up to 1.2% (under AM 1.5 illumination, 100mW cm � 2 , active area 0.28cm 2 ) was obtained. The strong p-stacking interactions in the solid state for this oligomer leading to improved morphology could explain the good performances of QTF-based devices, which rank among the highest recorded for nonpolymeric materials. Consequently, fluorenone-based non-polymeric molecules constitute highly attractive materials for solution-processable solar cell applications.
Published: 2008
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8. Photovoltaic cells based on polythiophenes carrying lateral phenyl groups

Author: Christine Dagron-Lartigau, Rémi de Bettignies, Farid Ouhib, Jacques Desbrières, Roger C. Hiorns, Séverine Bailly, Laboratoire de Chimie des polymères organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallinity, Differential scanning calorimetry, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thermal stability, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Thermogravimetry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Polythiophene, Crystallite, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: cited By 30; International audience; Highly regioregular poly[3-(4-octylphenylthiophene)] (POPT) was prepared to study the influence of phenyl groups as substituents on photovoltaic and thermal properties with respect to poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The UV-visible absorption spectra of spin-coated films of POPT exhibited an extended absorption towards the near infrared. Differential scanning calorimetry showed the poor tendency of POPT to crystallise. In order to retain the extension in absorption and increase crystallinity, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(3-tolylthiophene) (P3HT-b-P3TT) samples with varying ratios of P3HT and P3TT were prepared. Thermal fractionation by successive self-nucleation and annealing indicated that crystallites of P3HT were influenced by the P3TT block within the copolymers. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal stabilities increased with increasing fractions of phenyl groups. Photovoltaic results of these materials blended with [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are presented and discussed. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2008
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9. Molecular and supramolecular engineering of π-conjugated systems for photovoltaic conversion

Author: Pierre Frère, Philippe Leriche, Jean Roncali, Sophie Roquet, Yohann Nicolas, Mathieu Turbiez, Philippe Blanchard, and Rémi de Bettignies
Subjects: Absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, Chemistry, Photovoltaic system, Energy conversion efficiency, Metals and Alloys, Supramolecular chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, Conjugated system, Polymer solar cell, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Terthiophene, law, Solar cell, Materials Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Various series of conjugated systems have been used as donor in hetero-junction solar cells. The results obtained with EDOT-containing π-conjugated oligomers show that besides their direct effect on the electronic properties of the conjugated chain, the number and position of the EDOT units control to a large extent the orientation of the molecules on the substrate and hence the performances of the derived solar cells. The characteristics of the cells based on oligothienylenevinylenes donors show that in this case structural control of orientation can be achieved by means of substitution of the conjugated structure by alkyl chains. Donors based on star-shaped oligothiophenes provide another example of control of horizontal molecular orientation by design. The photovoltaic characteristics of bi-layer hetero-junctions show that the combined effects of controlled molecular orientation and planarization of the structure by the use of a fused tri-thienobenzene central core lead to power conversion efficiencies approaching 1%. In order to avoid the need to control molecular orientation first examples of bulk hetero-junctions based on PCBM and three-dimensional conjugated systems with isotropic electronic properties have been realized. A power conversion efficiency of 0.30% has been obtained under 79 mW cm− 2 white light illumination. This result obtained with a 3D donor based on a terthiophene conjugated chain with very limited absorption of the visible spectrum demonstrates the large potentialities of this novel concept.
Published: 2006
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10. Accelerated lifetime measurements of P3HT:PCBM solar cells

Author: Carole Sentein, Muriel Firon, Jocelyne Leroy, and Rémi de Bettignies
Subjects: Conductive polymer, Arrhenius equation, Organic solar cell, Chemistry, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Photovoltaic system, Energy conversion efficiency, Metals and Alloys, Condensed Matter Physics, Polymer solar cell, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Optics, Mechanics of Materials, law, Yield (chemistry), Solar cell, Materials Chemistry, symbols, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: We describe in this article the quick optimization of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on poly-3-hexylthiophene and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methylester blend. Best cells are found to be based on 1:1 in weight ratio and yield 3.6% power conversion efficiency under air-mass 1.5, 100 mW/cm2 illumination. On the optimized cells, ageing measurements have been realized to collect the absolute values of photovoltaic parameters along the time. On this study, accelerated lifetime has been calculated using the Arrhenius model for a first-order kinetic of degradation. According to the model, we can predict a long lifetime keeping more than 80% of the initial short-circuit current density after 1000 h of working.
Published: 2006
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11. Development of air stable polymer solar cells using an inverted gold on top anode structure

Author: Rémi de Bettignies, Jean-Michel Nunzi, Salima Alem, and Yücel Şahin
Subjects: Photocurrent, Organic solar cell, Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, Polymer solar cell, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Anode, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, law, Diimide, Solar cell, Materials Chemistry, Phthalocyanine, Perylene
Abstract: We developed indium-tin-oxide/perylene diimide (or bathocuproine (BCP))/poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) and [6,6]-phenyl C60 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/Au interpenetrated network polymer solar cells in order to improve air stability. The stability properties of the cells were characterized by current–voltage measurements under the influence of light and air. We achieved long lifetime solar cells which work at least 2 weeks under ambient air conditions without encapsulation. Solar energy conversion efficiency of the cells decrease 30% of the first day value at the end of 2 weeks. Photocurrent absorption properties of the devices were also investigated.
Published: 2005
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12. Electrochemical Synthesis of C60-Derivatized Poly(thiophene)s from Tailored Precursors

Author: Bruno Jousselme, Eric Levillain, Jean Roncali, Philippe Blanchard, and Rémi de Bettignies
Subjects: Photocurrent, Conductive polymer, chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Polymer, Electrochemistry, Combinatorial chemistry, Ion, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electrode, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Thiophene, Platinum
Abstract: New series of C60-derivatized bithiophenic precursors with low oxidation potential have been synthesized using the thiolate deprotection chemistry. The analysis of the electropolymerization of these compounds shows that the use of two-site precursors leads to polymers combining enhanced conjugation length, faster switching time, and improved stability under redox cycling. The unsuccessful attempts to identify the optical signature of the reduced forms of the attached C60 by spectroelectrochemistry suggest that the PT backbone is unstable in the presence of the C60 anion radical. Preliminary photoelectrochemical experiments on films deposited on platinum electrode reveal a significant enhancement of the photocurrent for the C60-derivatized polymer when compared to a nonsubstituted reference polymer, indicating that these new materials are potentially useful for photovoltaic energy conversion.
Published: 2003
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13. Origin of the S‑Shape upon Aging in Standard Organic Solar Cells with Zinc Oxide as Transport Layer

Author: Jocelyne Leroy, Gérard Perrier, Balthazar Lechêne, Olivier Tosoni, Rémi de Bettignies, Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement (LOCIE), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Département des Technologies des NanoMatériaux (DTNM), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN UMR 3685), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Kelvin probe force microscope, Materials science, Organic solar cell, Energy conversion efficiency, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Zinc, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 7. Clean energy, Cathode, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Active layer, law.invention, General Energy, Chemical engineering, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, law, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; In standard organic solar cells, an electron transporting layer (ETL) is often inserted between the active layer and the cathode in order to achieve good performances. In this work, a zinc oxide (ZnO) ETL is used with an aluminum cathode, yielding functional fresh cells. However, upon storage in the dark and inert atmosphere, an S-shape quickly appears in the J−V curves, leading to a sharp decline of the solar conversion efficiency. By building cells with various ETL sequences, we show that the S-shape stems from a modification of the ZnO/Al interface. Further experiments using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggest that the source of this phenomenon is the appearance of an aluminum oxide layer at the ZnO/Al interface, which could result from a red−ox reaction between the two materials.
Published: 2014
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14. A nonvolatile memory element based on an organic field-effect transistor

Author: Sylvie Dabos-Seignon, Jean-Michel Nunzi, Rémi de Bettignies, and K.N. Narayanan Unni
Subjects: Materials science, Organic field-effect transistor, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Transistor, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Ferroelectricity, Ferroelectric capacitor, law.invention, Non-volatile memory, Pentacene, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Hardware_GENERAL, law, Electrode, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Optoelectronics, Field-effect transistor, business, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract: Organic field-effect transistors were fabricated with pentacene as the active material and a ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) as the gate insulator. As-prepared devices showed normal p-type transistor operation. The ON- and OFF-states could be written to the device by applying appropriate voltages to the gate with respect to short-circuited source and drain electrodes. The devices exhibited excellent memory retention properties.
Published: 2004
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15. Highly conductive CuInSe2 nanocrystals with inorganic surface ligands

Author: Angela Fiore, Frédéric Chandezon, Peter Reiss, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Antoine de Kergommeaux, Rémi de Bettignies, Adam Pron, Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Ligand, Chalcogenide, Inorganic chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Nanocrystal, Oleylamine, Phase (matter), visual_art, Anhydrous, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Thin film
Abstract: All-inorganic 12-nm CuInSe 2 nanocrystals, surface functionalized with metal chalcogenide complex ligands, were prepared via phase transfer ligand exchange in a biphasic (anhydrous hydrazine/hexane) mixture. I – V characteristics of thin films of these nanocrystals showed a four order of magnitude increase in current density as compared to nanocrystals capped with initial oleylamine ligands.
Published: 2012
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16. Surface Oxidation of Tin Chalcogenide Nanocrystals Revealed by 119 Sn–Mössbauer Spectroscopy

Author: Adam Pron, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Antoine de Kergommeaux, Rémi de Bettignies, Bernard Malaman, Peter Reiss, Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Annealing (metallurgy), Chalcogenide, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Surface engineering, Biochemistry, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, chemistry, Nanocrystal, Oxidation state, Mössbauer spectroscopy, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Tin
Abstract: Narrow band gap tin(II) chalcogenide (SnS, SnSe, SnTe) nanocrystals are of high interest for optoelectronic applications such as thin film solar cells or photodetectors. However, charge transfer and charge transport processes strongly depend on nanocrystals' surface quality. Using (119)Sn-Mossbauer spectroscopy, which is the most sensitive tool for probing the Sn oxidation state, we show that SnS nanocrystals exhibit a Sn((IV))/Sn((II)) ratio of around 20:80 before and 40:60 after five minutes exposure to air. Regardless of the tin or sulfur precursors used, similar results are obtained using six different synthesis protocols. The Sn((IV)) content before air exposure arises from surface related SnS(2) and Sn(2)S(3) species as well as from surface Sn atoms bound to oleic acid ligands. The increase of the Sn((IV)) content upon air exposure results from surface oxidation. Full oxidation of the SnS nanocrystals without size change is achieved by annealing at 500 °C in air. With the goal to prevent surface oxidation, SnS nanocrystals are capped with a cadmium-phosphonate complex. A broad photoluminescence signal centered at 600 nm indicates successful capping, which however does not reduce the air sensitivity. Finally we demonstrate that SnSe nanocrystals exhibit a very similar behavior with a Sn((IV))/Sn((II)) ratio of 43:57 after air exposure. In the case of SnTe nanocrystals, the ratio of 55:45 is evidence of a more pronounced tendency for oxidation. These results demonstrate that prior to their use in optoelectronics further surface engineering of tin chalcogenide nanocrystals is required, which otherwise have to be stored and processed under inert atmosphere.
Published: 2012
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17. Effect of molar mass and regioregularity on the photovoltaic properties of a reduced bandgap phenyl-substituted polythiophene

Author: Abdel Khoukh, Roger C. Hiorns, Guillaume Dupuis, Hervé Martinez, Jacques Desbrières, Farid Ouhib, Rémi de Bettignies, Christine Dagron-Lartigau, Séverine Bailly, Propriétés Optiques des Matériaux et Applications (POMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Photovoltaic devices, [6, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic solar cell, Grignard metathesis, 02 engineering and technology, Chain-growth polymerization, Butyric acid, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Polymer solar cell, Methyl esters, Polymerization, chemistry.chemical_compound, Atomic force microscopy, Thiophene, Polymer chemistry, Diagnosis, Materials Chemistry, conjugated polymers, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molar mass, chain growth polymerization polythiophenes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Esterification, Organic polymers, Organic Chemistry, Energy conversion efficiency, Heterojunction, Esters, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Energy gap, poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene], chemistry, Chemical engineering, Photovoltaic effects, Grignard metathesis chain growth polymerizations, Heterojunctions, Screening, Polythiophene, 0210 nano-technology, Conversion efficiency, 6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)
Abstract: International audience; Among the numerous reduced bandgap polymers currently being developed, poly[3-(4-octylphenyl)thiophene)]s (POPT) may present attractive properties for organic solar cells due to its facile preparation and improved absorption with respect to poly(3-hexylthiophene). This article appraises methods of preparation, including the use of diphenyl ether as a reaction medium, and discusses the effects of variations in molar masses, from about 3200 to 65,000 g mol -1 and regioregularity on its optoelectronic properties. The photovoltaic properties of POPT with [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in bulk heterojunction devices are also discussed in the light of morphological variations, as indicated by atomic force microscopy characterizations. With an initial screening of conditions, namely POPT:PCBM ratios and deposition solvent, a power conversion efficiency of 1.58% was obtained using a relatively high molar mass POPT sample.
Published: 2012
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18. Synthesis and characterization of fullerene based systems for photovoltaic applications: Evidence for percolation threshold

Author: Nicole Alberola, Lionel Flandin, Rémi de Bettignies, Ali Nourdine, Lara Perrin, Stéphane Guillerez, Matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques (LMOPS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Electron mobility, Materials science, Fullerene, Polymers and Plastics, Organic solar cell, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Organic Chemistry, Percolation threshold, Polymer, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Acceptor, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Acceptor polymers for photovoltaic applications were synthesized by grafting fullerene C 60 onto polystyrene. The quality of the reaction was verified by various analytical techniques after each of the three steps of the reaction: nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and UV–visible spectroscopies, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. In order to determine the optimal amount of C 60 , a series of polymers were prepared containing from 4 to 59 vol.% of fullerene. The optical (absorption, optical gap energy) and electrical (electron mobility, conductivity) properties have been measured. A percolation threshold at around 4 vol.% was identified for both conductivity and mobility measurements. This provides the lowest amount of C 60 required for solar cells applications.
Published: 2011
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19. Synthesis of colloidal CuInSe2 nanocrystals films for photovoltaic applications

Author: Peter Reiss, Angela Fiore, Jérôme Faure-Vincent, Frédéric Chandezon, Antoine de Kergommeaux, Rémi de Bettignies, Nicolas Bruyant, Adam Pron, Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Selenourea, Layer by layer, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Indium tin oxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Oleylamine, Aluminium, Copper chloride, Indium
Abstract: We synthesise 7 nm CuInSe2 nanocrystals of low size and shape dispersion using copper(I) chloride, indium(III) chloride and selenourea as the precursors. The obtained nanocrystals are deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) covered glass by means of layer-by-layer dip-coating. After each deposition step, a ligand exchange process with 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) is carried out. The new ligands interconnect the nanocrystals, which therefore become insoluble during subsequent dip-coating steps. Furthermore, the small EDT molecules replace the long insulating alkyl chains of the oleylamine stabilizing ligands used during the synthesis. I/V measurements of a 1 μm thick film sandwiched between the ITO substrate and an aluminium electrode show a current density of 1 μA/cm2 at 1 V in the dark, which increases to 16 μA/cm2 under illumination with white light.
Published: 2011
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20. Fluorenone core donor–acceptor–donor π-conjugated molecules end-capped with dendritic oligo(thiophene)s: synthesis, liquid crystalline behaviour, and photovoltaic applications

Author: Patrice Rannou, Bertrand Donnio, Benjamin Grévin, Renaud Demadrille, Benoît Heinrich, Adam Pron, Frédéric Lincker, Rémi de Bettignies, Jacques Pécaut, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Propriétés Optiques des Matériaux et Applications (POMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Reconnaissance Ionique et Chimie de Coordination (RICC), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Faculty of Chemistry Technology (Warsaw, Poland), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Materials science, Aucun, 02 engineering and technology, Triclinic crystal system, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Differential scanning calorimetry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Thiophene, Molecule, Organic chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Energy conversion efficiency, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Organic semiconductor, Crystallography, Fluorenone, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We have synthesized a new series of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) pi-conjugated molecules, consisting of fluorenone core end-capped with dendritic oligo(thiophene)s of increasing generation (abbreviated as FG0, FG1, and FG2). In view of the application of these new organic semiconductors in photovoltaic devices, we have explored their spectroscopic, redox, and structural properties. The thermal behaviour of the new organic semiconductors was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarized-light optical microscopy. Liquid crystalline behaviour has been found in the case of FG1, corresponding to a smectic ordering with a triclinic symmetry (Sm(obl)) upon heating, as confirmed by variable temperature small-angle X-ray diffraction studies. In order to evaluate their photovoltaic performances, devices with an active area of 0.28 cm(2) were fabricated. Under AM1.5 simulated sunlight (100 mW cm(-2)) conditions, a device containing FG1/[70]PCBM blends showed a power conversion efficiency of ca. 0.8%.
Published: 2011
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21. Relationship between encapsulation barrier performance and organic solar cell lifetime

Author: Noëlla Lemaître, Séverine Bailly, Rémi de Bettignies, Stéphane Cros, Stéphane Guillerez, and P. Maisse
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Organic solar cell, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Polymer, Permeation, Durability, Cathode, law.invention, Optical coating, chemistry, Chemical engineering, law, Solar cell, business, Permeameter
Abstract: This article describes a method to have a better knowledge of barrier performances needed for encapsulating materials, particularly in the case of organic solar cells devices. We have developed a high sensitivity permeameter which enables simultaneous measurements of water and oxygen permeation. Various polymers and inorganic coatings on polymer substrates have been measured. Experimental barrier parameters have been plotted considering the steady and transient states of permeation curves and compared to theoretical values. In addition, we have performed ageing experiments on encapsulated organic solar cells to establish a barrier requirement directly related to the device. Finally, we have performed such experiments using different cathode materials and encapsulating materials.
Published: 2008
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22. Conjugated alternating copolymer of dialkylquaterthiophene and fluorenone: synthesis, characterisation and photovoltaic properties

Author: Nicolas Delbosc, Rémi de Bettignies, Renaud Demadrille, Muriel Firon, Martial Billon, Adam Pron, Yann Kervella, Patrice Rannou, SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Physique (LSP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Composants Solaires (LCS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Propriétés Optiques des Matériaux et Applications (POMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Structures et propriétés d'architectures moléculaire (SPRAM - UMR 5819), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Faculty of Chemistry Technology (Warsaw, Poland), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)
Subjects: Organic solar cell, Absorption spectroscopy, Stereochemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Photovoltaic effect, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, HOMO/LUMO, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, General Chemistry, Electron acceptor, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Fluorenone, Cyclic voltammetry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: New π-conjugated alternating copolymers containing thienylene and fluorenone units, namely poly[(5,5‴-dioctyl-[2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴]quaterthiophene)-alt-(2,7-fluoren-9-one)] (PQTF8), as well as its analogue without fluorenone groups (PQT8), have been synthesized. Absorption studies carried out both in solution and in thin films indicate that the presence of fluorenone chromophores in PQTF8 leads to a significant extension of the absorption spectrum in the visible range as compared to PQT8. The redox properties of both polymers, in particular their LUMO and HOMO levels, have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry and have been found suitable for potential use of these systems in organic solar cells. Finally, these materials have been tested as donor components in bulk-heterojunction-type photovoltaic cells using PCBM as an electron acceptor. We demonstrate a strong effect of the polymer's molecular weight on crucial cell parameters, such as the short-circuit current density Jsc, and therefore on the overall cell efficiency. This effect is particularly pronounced for PQTF8-based cells leading to power conversion efficiencies up to 1.5% for the highest molecular weights.
Published: 2007
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23. Study of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells: influence of components ratio and of the nature of electrodes on performances and lifetime

Author: Jocelyne Leroy, Carole Sentein, Muriel Firon, and Rémi de Bettignies
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Organic solar cell, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, Energy conversion efficiency, Heterojunction, Polymer, Polymer solar cell, Cathode, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, Electrode, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Among the class of conjugated polymers, polythiophenes and in particular 3-alkyl-substituted thiophenes seem to focus all the attention in the domain of photovoltaic conversion. At CEA, we are working on the optimization of bulk heterojunction solar cells made of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT)and [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methylester (PCBM) blend. First we will describe the influence of the ratio of P3HT and PCBM blend on the efficiency of the resulting bulk heterojunction solar cells. Best cells based on 1:1 in weight ratio yield 3.6 % power conversion efficiency under air-mass 1.5, 100 mW/cm 2 illumination. Then we will compare the efficiency and lifetime of different cells by changing the nature and thickness of cathode (Aluminum or Calcium/Silver). On the optimized cells, we have proceeded to ageing and accelerated lifetime measurements on devices with Ca/Ag cathode. It shows that the current densities decrease less than 3 % and that efficiency is still higher than 1.7 %, after 400 hours under AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm 2 illuminations and at high temperature (60°C).
Published: 2005
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24. Lifetime analysis and degradation study of polymer solar cells

Author: Jocelyne Leroy, Lionel Sicot, Muriel Firon, Carole Sentein, Sylvain Chambon, Rémi de Bettignies, and Laurence Lutsen
Subjects: Controlled atmosphere, Materials science, Organic solar cell, Silicon, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Heterojunction, Polymer solar cell, law.invention, chemistry, law, Solar cell, Optoelectronics, Organic chemistry, business, Electrical efficiency, Diode
Abstract: Though being much less efficient than silicon cells, organic solar cells exhibit a unique combination of interesting properties: low cost, flexibility, and the possibility of large surface coverage. Large progresses have been made over the last years using MDMO-PPV (Poly[2-methoxy-5-(3’,7’-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) reaching efficiencies of 2.9% and recently efficiencies over 3%, using poly(3-hexyl thiophene). A great deal of research however has still to be invested to improve the current state of the art. Among the main key-points to be addressed are namely the stability and lifetime of such devices. We are currently working on bulk heterojunction solar cells made from MDMO-PPV and PCBM (methano-fullerene[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester). Different batches of MDMO-PPV, originating from different synthesis modes (classical "Gilch" synthesis and "Sulphinyl" synthesis led by IMEC-IMOMEC) have been tested. Evolution of the power efficiency following continuous illumination (AM1.5, 80 mW.cm-2) was characterized under controlled atmosphere of nitrogen. In parallel, photodegradation studies are also investigated and electrical modeling is under way in order to get a better understanding of the relations between photochemical and electrical parameters of the diode that can be deduced from I/V curves.
Published: 2004
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25. Does Charge Carrier Dimensionality Increase in Mixed-Valence Salts of Tetrathiafulvalene-Terminated Dendrimers?

Author: Philippe Leriche, Anne-Marie Caminade, Rémi de Bettignies, Jean-Pierre Majoral, Vladimir Khodorkovsky, Alain Gorgues, Alexander Kanibolotsky, Sophie Roquet, Michel Cariou, Cédric-Olivier Turrin, Chimie, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Matériaux d'Angers (CIMMA), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Valence (chemistry), 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Spectral line, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Dication, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electron transfer, chemistry, Dendrimer, Charge carrier, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Tetrathiafulvalene
Abstract: [structure: see text] In four new dendrimers terminated by 12 electroactive tetrathiafulvalenyl substituents, the tridimensional character of the inter- and intradendrimeric charge and electron transfer, and hence of the electroconductivity, is evidenced by examination of the electronic spectra of their corresponding neutral state and cation radical, dication, and mixed-valence salts, including a closed-shell anion.
Published: 2004
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26. Hybrid nanocomposites of CdSe nanocrystals distributed in complexing thiophene-based copolymers

Author: Tonggang Jiu, Frédéric Chandezon, Rémi de Bettignies, Dmitry Aldakov, Malgorzata Zagorska, Adam Pron, and Pierre-Henri Jouneau
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, Infrared spectroscopy, Polymer, Conjugated system, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Polymerization, Polymer chemistry, Thiophene, Polythiophene, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Hybrid material, Alkyl
Abstract: Two types of conjugated polymers were prepared with the goal to blend them with rod-like CdSe nanocrystals. The polymers of the first type were synthesized through copolymerization of 3-octylthiophene and 3-methylene-ethylcarboxylate-thiophene to give polythiophene with solubilizing alkyl groups and methylene ester functional groups (PE series). Post-polymerization hydrolysis of the ester type polymers yielded acid-type ones (PA series). Photoluminescence (PL) quenching in these polymers induced by their titration with nanocrystals solution was chosen as a measure of the polymer-nanocrystal interactions. PL of polyacids turned out to be more efficiently quenched as compared to the case of polymers with ester groups which was interpreted as an indication of better electronic communication between the hybrid components. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy confirmed efficient coordination of the carboxylic groups to CdSe. Voltammetric studies combined with UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry enabled the determination of energy levels alignment of the molecular composite components which turned out to be of staggered type-appropriate for photovoltaic applications. The obtained blends of polyacids with CdSe nanocrystals, when studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealed the presence of an interpenetrating network in which nanorods were homogeneously distributed within the polymer matrix without any indication of agglomerates formation both on the film surface and in the cross-section. Blends with polymers containing ester groups were less homogeneous which could be explained by weaker polymer-nanocrystals interactions. Photovoltaic cells based on these hybrid materials are also discussed.
Published: 2010
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27. Layer-by-layer assembled composite films of side-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) and CdSe nanocrystals: electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties

Author: Peter Reiss, Julia De Girolamo, Séverine Bailly, Malgorzata Zagorska, Rémi de Bettignies, Adam Pron, Serge Lefrant, Jean-Pierre Travers, Jean-Yves Mevellec, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire d'Electronique Moléculaire Organique et Hybride (LEMOH), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, and Infectious diseases
Subjects: Photochemistry, Polymers, Band gap, General Physics and Astronomy, Thiophenes, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cadmium Compounds, Electrochemistry, Nanotechnology, Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Selenium Compounds, Pendant group, HOMO/LUMO, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, Spectrum Analysis, Electric Conductivity, Hydrogen Bonding, Polymer, Hybrid solar cell, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Polymerization, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Nanoparticles, Hypsochromic shift, Cyclic voltammetry, Crystallization, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) containing one diaminopyrimidine side group per ten repeat units (P3HT-co-P3(ODAP)HT) can form molecular composites with 1-(6-mercaptohexyl)thymine capped CdSe nanocrystals (CdSe(MHT)) via hydrogen bonds directed molecular recognition. Here we report complementary spectroscopic, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigations of both the functionalized poly(thiophene) and its composite with the nanocrystals, the latter being fabricated using the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. UV-Vis-NIR and Raman spectroelectrochemical investigations unequivocally show that the onset of the first anodic peak in the cyclic voltammogram of the copolymer can be attributed to the oxidation of the pi-conjugated backbone in the polymer chains. For this reason, it is possible to determine the width and the position of its band gap (corresponding to the pi-pi* transition) by UV-Vis spectroscopy combined with cyclic voltammetry. These studies show that the polymer exhibits a slightly larger band gap with the HOMO level insignificantly lower in energy (by 0.03 eV) as compared to the case of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) of comparable degree of polymerization. Hydrogen bond interactions of the polymer with CdSe(MHT) in the molecular composite result in a hypsochromic shift of the band corresponding to the pi-pi* transition from 504 nm to 488 nm. This can be taken as a spectroscopic manifestation of the conformational changes induced by shortening of the conjugation length. The observed spectral modifications are consistent with electrochemically determined lowering of the polymer HOMO level (from -4.91 eV in the pure polymer to -4.99 eV in the composite). Cyclic voltammetry studies supported by spectroelectrochemistry also show that the redox stability of CdSe(MHT) in the molecular composite with P3HT-co-P3(ODAP)HT is lower than that determined for stearate-capped nanocrystals. Their irreversible oxidation starts at E = +0.7 V vs. Ag/0.1 M Ag(+)i.e. at potentials by ca. 0.3 V lower than the oxidation of stearate stabilized CdSe nanocrystals of the same size. We show that-despite these modifications-the alignment of the HOMO and LUMO levels of the composite components remains appropriate for its use in hybrid solar cells, which is demonstrated by the photovoltaic effect observed for the LbL-processed composite sandwiched between two electrodes.
Published: 2008
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28. Three-dimensional tetra(oligothienyl)silanes as donor material for organic solar cells

Author: Philippe Leriche, Antonio Cravino, Rémi de Bettignies, Jean Roncali, and Sophie Roquet
Subjects: Silanes, Silicon, Organic solar cell, Bilayer, Energy conversion efficiency, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Hybrid solar cell, Photochemistry, Acceptor, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Solar cell, Materials Chemistry, Organic chemistry
Abstract: Tetrahedral conjugated systems involving four conjugated oligothiophene chains fixed onto a central silicon node (1, 2) have been synthesized and used as donor materials in hetero-junction solar cells. Bilayer solar cells have been realized by thermal evaporation of compounds 1 and 2 as donors and N,N′-bis-tridecylperylenedicarboxyimide as an acceptor. Comparison of the performances of these devices to those of a reference system based on dihexylterthienyl (H3T) shows that despite comparable effective conjugation lengths, the 3D compounds 1 and 2 lead to a power conversion efficiency four–five times higher, suggesting better absorption of the incident light and better hole transport properties. Whereas fabrication of bulk hetero-junction with H3T was prevented by the lack of film forming properties, a prototype bulk hetero-junction based on compound 2 as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the acceptor has been realized. A short-circuit current density of 1.13 mA cm−2 and a power conversion efficiency of 0.30% has been measured under AM 1.5 simulated solar irradiation at 80 mW cm−2.
Published: 2006
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28 results on '"Rémi de Bettignies"'

1. SnS thin films realized from colloidal nanocrystal inks

2. Synthesis and characterizations of benzotriazole based donor–acceptor copolymers for organic photovoltaic applications

3. Impedance spectrometry of optimized standard and inverted P3HT-PCBM organic solar cells

4. New Alternating Copolymers of 3,6-Carbazoles and Dithienylbenzothiadiazoles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Photovoltaics

5. Effect of carbonitrile and hexyloxy substituents on alternated copolymer of polythiophene–Performances in photovoltaic cells

6. Alternatively linking fullerene and conjugated polymers

7. Fluorenone-Based Molecules for Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Properties

8. Photovoltaic cells based on polythiophenes carrying lateral phenyl groups

9. Molecular and supramolecular engineering of π-conjugated systems for photovoltaic conversion

10. Accelerated lifetime measurements of P3HT:PCBM solar cells

11. Development of air stable polymer solar cells using an inverted gold on top anode structure

12. Electrochemical Synthesis of C60-Derivatized Poly(thiophene)s from Tailored Precursors

13. Origin of the S‑Shape upon Aging in Standard Organic Solar Cells with Zinc Oxide as Transport Layer

14. A nonvolatile memory element based on an organic field-effect transistor

15. Highly conductive CuInSe2 nanocrystals with inorganic surface ligands

16. Surface Oxidation of Tin Chalcogenide Nanocrystals Revealed by 119 Sn–Mössbauer Spectroscopy

17. Effect of molar mass and regioregularity on the photovoltaic properties of a reduced bandgap phenyl-substituted polythiophene

18. Synthesis and characterization of fullerene based systems for photovoltaic applications: Evidence for percolation threshold

19. Synthesis of colloidal CuInSe2 nanocrystals films for photovoltaic applications

20. Fluorenone core donor–acceptor–donor π-conjugated molecules end-capped with dendritic oligo(thiophene)s: synthesis, liquid crystalline behaviour, and photovoltaic applications

21. Relationship between encapsulation barrier performance and organic solar cell lifetime

22. Conjugated alternating copolymer of dialkylquaterthiophene and fluorenone: synthesis, characterisation and photovoltaic properties

23. Study of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells: influence of components ratio and of the nature of electrodes on performances and lifetime

24. Lifetime analysis and degradation study of polymer solar cells

25. Does Charge Carrier Dimensionality Increase in Mixed-Valence Salts of Tetrathiafulvalene-Terminated Dendrimers?

26. Hybrid nanocomposites of CdSe nanocrystals distributed in complexing thiophene-based copolymers

27. Layer-by-layer assembled composite films of side-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) and CdSe nanocrystals: electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties

28. Three-dimensional tetra(oligothienyl)silanes as donor material for organic solar cells

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