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The influence of thermal shock behavior between 960 °C and room temperature on microstructure and tensile properties of IN718 alloy after three heat treatments was investigated in this paper. The experiments show that protective and dense oxide films with the composition of Cr2O3, Ti0.95Nb0.95O4 and (Cr, Fe)2O3 are formed on the surface of alloys. The average oxide films increased with the thermal shock cycle. The thermal shock behavior changed the distribution and quantities of δ phases, which have significantly reduced the strength and increased the elongation of IN718 alloy. The decrease of strength was mainly determined by the dissolution of strengthening phase and grain coarsening. High standard treatment alloy shows the best thermal shock resistance since the strength decreased smallest after thermal shock.

An oxa-[4+2] cyclization of quinone methides with alkynyl benzyl alcohols has been realized in the presence of a metal catalyst, and the reaction afforded spiroacetal products in overall high yields (up to 99%) and good diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 dr). By carrying out the reaction under gold catalysis and utilizing alkynyl benzyl alcohols as electron-rich reaction partners, this approach provides a useful strategy for settling the challenges in oxa-[4+2] cyclization of para-quinone methide derivatives. This reaction serves as a good example for metal-catalyzed oxa-[4+2] cyclizations of quinone methides. In addition, it also offers a useful method for the construction of spiroacetal skeletons.

A catalytic asymmetric α-arylation of aldehydes using 2-indolylmethanols as arylation reagents has been established. This reaction was enabled by a cooperative catalytic system consisting of a gold complex, a Bronsted acid, and a chiral amine, which have a synergistic effect in the reaction process. By using this strategy, a series of α-arylation products of aldehydes were generated in overall acceptable yields and good enantioselectivities (up to 69%, 91:9 er). The control experiments demonstrated that the addition of PPh3AuCl as a gold complex was helpful to improve the yield, and trifluoroacetic acid as a Bronsted acid played a crucial role in the reaction by promoting the generation of carbocation and chiral enamine intermediates, which are two key intermediates of the asymmetric α-arylation reaction. In addition, the enantioselectivity of the reaction was mainly controlled by the chiral amine catalyst via forming a chiral enamine intermediate. This reaction has not only provided a useful protocol for...

A new tunable Cu(I)-catalyzed site-selective dehydrogenative amination of β,γ-unsaturated hydrazones has been established using readily accessible dioxygen as a green oxidant. The presence of Cu2O/O2 regiospecifically accessed densely functionalized pyrazol-4-ones with one quaternary carbon-amino functionality, in which O2 acted as both a reaction component and an oxidant, whereas the employment of CuI/O2 as a catalytic oxidation system resulted in 1,6-dihydropyradazines with good yields.

A sustainable and efficient visible-light-induced Ir(III)-catalyzed annulation of 1,7-diynes with ICF2CO2Et is reported under mild neutral-redox conditions, furnishing a wide range of difluoromethyl-containing (1E,2E)-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ols bearing two exocyclic double carbon–carbon bonds as major stereoisomers in good yields with high stereoselectivity. Notably, the high stereoselectivity could be observed in most cases. The photocyclization protocol has attractive characteristics of complete atom economy, good compatibility with different types of substituents, and the efficient control of stereochemistry.

The catalytic asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 2-indolylmethanols to p-hydroxystyrenes was established in the presence of a chiral phosphoramide, and this reaction provided chiral cyclopenta[b]indole scaffolds in generally high yields and with good enantioselectivities (up to 98% yield, 99:1 er). The control experiments demonstrated that the dual hydrogen-bonding activation mode of the chiral catalyst toward the two substrates played an important role in the reaction. In addition, the large-scale reaction indicated that this catalytic asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition could be scaled up for the synthesis of chiral cyclopenta[b]indole derivatives.

A new C-center radical-triggered bicyclization cascade of N-tethered 1,7-enynes for forming 28 examples of biologically interesting spirocyclohexadienone-containing cyclopenta[c]quinolin-4-ones with two all-carbon quaternary stereocenters has been established under mild conditions. The in situ generated diazonium salts from 4-methoxyanilines and t-BuONO are served as 4-methoxyphenyl precursors without additional oxidant, enabling 6-exo-dig cyclization/5-exo-trig ipso-cyclization to construct three new C-C bonds through metal-free dearomatization. The reaction also features broad substrate scope, annulation efficiency, and high functional group tolerance.

A new Ag-catalyzed oxidative bicyclization of N-tethered 1,7-enynes with alkylcarboxylic acids for forming 41 examples of polycyclic 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones has been established using readily accessible K2S2O8 as an oxidant. The reaction pathway involves a silver-catalyzed decarboxylation/in situ-generated C-center radical-triggered α,β-conjugated addition/6-exo-dig cyclization/H-abstraction/5-endo-trig cyclization/SET sequence, allowing direct site-selective decarboxylative C(sp3)–H functionalization toward the formation of multiple C–C bonds and rapid construction of complex spiroheterocycles.

A novel three-component bicyclization strategy for the metal-free synthesis of densely functionalized indeno[1,2-c]furans with generally good yields has been established from readily accessible o-phthalaldehydes (OPA), isocyanides, and α-diazoketones. The reaction pathway involves aldol-type addition, 1,2-hydride shift, 5-exo-trig cyclization, and 1,4-addition as well as an oxo-5-exo-dig cyclization sequence, resulting in continuous multiple bond-forming events including C-C and C-O bonds to rapidly build up functional oxo-heterocycles.

A new metal-free three-component 1,5-enyne-bicyclization has been established for the stereoselective construction of sulfonylated anti-indeno[1,2-d]pyridazines using I2/TBHP catalytic oxidative system, in which arylsulfonyl hydrazides function as both the ring component and sulfonyl radical precursor. This reaction pathway involves a Michael addition, 5-exo-dig carbocyclization, H-abstraction and 6-endo-trig aza-cyclization sequence, resulting in continuous multiple bond-forming events including C–S, C–C, and C–N bonds to readily build up functional aza-heterocycles.

A multi-component bicyclization strategy has been established, allowing a flexible and practical approach to 29 examples of skeletally diverse fused quinazolines from low-cost and readily accessible aldehydes with cycloketones and cyanoamides. The reaction is easy to perform simply by mixing three common reactants and Cs2CO3 in ethylene glycol under microwave irradiation and can be finished within 25 min with water as a sole byproduct. A sequence cascade process consisting of Knoevenagel condensation/[4+2] cyclization/intramolecular aza-Michael addition/aza-nucleophilic reaction-ring opening is involved in this new scaffold generating reaction. During this sequence, four stereogenic centers with one quaternary carbon-amino functionality have been controlled very well; and the stereochemistry has been unequivocally determined by X-ray structural analysis.

The thermodynamic assessments of the Au–Gd and Au–Yb binary systems have been carried out by the Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) method based on the available experimental data. The Gibbs free energies of the solution phases including liquid, fcc, bcc, and hcp were described by the substitutional solution models with the Redlich–Kister equation. All the intermetallic compounds except the βAuYb phase were treated as stoichiometric phases, and the βAuYb phase was modeled using the sublattice model. The thermodynamic parameters of each phase in the Au–Gd and Au–Yb binary systems were obtained, and an agreement between the calculated results and experimental data was obtained in each binary system.

A new base-promoted bicyclization strategy for the synthesis of functionalized indeno[1,2-b]pyran-2-ones has been established from readily accessible o-phthalaldehydes (OPA) and the preformed 1-arylethylidenemalononitriles. The reaction pathway involves an aldol addition, 5-exo-trig carbocyclization and 6-exo-dig oxo-cyclization sequence, resulting in continuous multiple C–C and C–O bond formation.

Three-component [3 + 3] heterocyclizations have been established under microwave irradiation, providing a flexible synthetic approach toward bicyclic fused pyridines. 3,5-Dibenzylidenedihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-ones were subject with malononitrile and aromatic amines in cosolvent of HOAc and N,N-dimethylformamide, affording 10 examples of pyrano[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields. Similarly, seven examples of thiopyrano[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives were obtained using sulfur-tethered heterocyclones as a reaction partner.

The pitting behavior of 304 stainless steel in the simulated condensate with different salt content (4 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 16 mg/L, 32 mg/L, 64 mg/L) and sulfur content (1.2 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L) was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curve and static immersion methods. The simulated condensate was simulating the condensed water in the unit of refining heavy oil with high salt and high sulfur. The results showed that with the increase in chloride ions concentration, the pitting potential of 304 stainless steel decreased and the pitting sensitivity increased. The pitting sensitivity of 304 stainless steel also increased with the increase in sulfide ions concentration. In several experimental mediums, when the concentration of chloride ions and sulfide ions were 64 mg/L, 5 g/L respectively, the number and the size of corrosion pits both were the largest, the pitting behavior was the most serious.

Base-promoted transannulation of heterocyclic enamines and 2,3-epoxypropan-1-ones has been successfully achieved, providing a new access to structurally diverse fused pyridines and pyrroles with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. Treatment with N-aryl 4-aminofuran-2(5H)-ones and 2,3-epoxypropan-1-ones under microwave heating resulted in functional furo[3,2-b]pyridines in good yields. The N-aryl 4-aminopyrrol-2(5H)-ones bearing an electron-withdrawing group engaged in the reaction afforded pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridines, whereas their counterparts with an electron-neutral or an electron-donating group underwent a different reaction pathway to form pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles through C-C bond cleavage.

A catalytic bicyclization reaction of 1,5-enynes anchored by α,β-conjugates with arylsulfonyl radicals generated in situ from sulfonyl hydrazides has been established using TBAI (20 mol%) and Cu(OAc)2 (5 mol%) as co-catalysts under convenient conditions. In addition, the use of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the oxidant and pivalic acid (PivOH) as an additive was proven to be necessary for this reaction. The reactions occurred through 5-exo-dig/6-endo-trig bicyclizations and homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) cascade mechanisms to give benzo[b]fluorens regioselectively. A similar catalytic process was developed for the synthesis of γ-ketosulfones. These reactions feature readily accessible starting materials and simple one-pot operation.

Dual cobalt(II)/silver catalysis enables multicomponent bicyclization cascades of 2-ethynylanilines, tert-butyl isocyanide, and arylamines, resulting in subsequent multiple bond-forming events to rapidly build up aryliminated pyrrolo[2,3-b]indoles. The reaction pathway involves bimetal-catalyzed isocyanide insertion/1,3-dipolar cycloaddition/imination substitution sequence.

New multicomponent domino reactions of arylglyoxals with pyrazol-5-amines have been established, providing selective access to unprecedented pyrazolo-fused 1,7-naphthyridines, 1,3-diazocanes, and pyrroles (up to 52 examples). The unreported dipyrazolo-fused 1,7-naphthyridines were regioselectively synthesized through a special double [3 + 2 + 1] heteroannulation accompanied by direct C–C formation between two electrophilic sites of arylglyoxals. The unusual [3 + 3 + 1 + 1] cyclization resulted in 20 examples of novel dipyrazolo-fused 1,3-diazocanes, whereas pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyrazoles were obtained in good yields by varying arylglyoxals 1 and pyrazol-5-amines 2 in the ratio 1:2. Mechanisms of formation of these three new types of heterocycles are also proposed.

Concise and efficient base-promoted domino formal (3+3) cycloaddition has been established for the formation of tetracyclic indolo[2,3-b]quinoline derivatives under microwave heating. The present methodology shows attractive properties, such as the maximum efficiency of a process, short reaction periods, and operational simplicity, and it can avoid time-consuming and costly syntheses, tedious work-up and isolation of intermediate. This chemistry provides a facile and promising synthetic strategy to construction of tetracyclic indolo[2,3-b]quinoline skeleton.

A novel four-component strategy for the selective synthesis of fused azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles and pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridines has been established. The bond-forming efficiency, accessibility of starting materials and substrate scope provide invaluable access to tetra-, and bis-heterocyclic scaffolds.

A new base-promoted bicyclization strategy for the synthesis of functionalized indeno[1,2-b]pyran-2-ones has been established from readily accessible o-phthalaldehydes (OPA) and the preformed 1-arylethylidenemalononitriles. The reaction pathway involves an aldol addition, 5-exo-trig carbocyclization and 6-exo-dig oxo-cyclization sequence, resulting in continuous multiple C–C and C–O bond formation.

Three-component [3 + 3] heterocyclizations have been established under microwave irradiation, providing a flexible synthetic approach toward bicyclic fused pyridines. 3,5-Dibenzylidenedihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-ones were subject with malononitrile and aromatic amines in cosolvent of HOAc and N,N-dimethylformamide, affording 10 examples of pyrano[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields. Similarly, seven examples of thiopyrano[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives were obtained using sulfur-tethered heterocyclones as a reaction partner.

The thermodynamic assessments of the Au-Tb and Au-Lu binary systems were carried out by means of the CALPHAD method based on the experimental data including the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria. The Gibbs free energies of the liquid, bcc, fcc and hcp phases were described by the substitutional solution model, while all of the intermetallic compounds (Au6Tb, Au51Tb14, Au3Tb, Au2Tb, Au10Tb7, Au4Tb3, αAuTb, βAuTb, AuTb2, Au4Lu, Au3Lu, Au2Lu, AuLu and AuLu2 phases) in these two binary systems were treated as the sublattice model. Consequently, a set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of each phase in the Au-Tb and Au-Lu binary systems has been obtained, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.

The selective formation of pyrazole-substituted fused pyrroles through HOAc-mediated multicomponent reactions of enaminones with arylglyoxal monohydrates and generated in situ pyrazole-3-carboxylates was developed. It constructed a variety of bis-heterocyclic pairs under mild conditions in a domino process. Reaction driving tandem cyclization/allylic esterification/allylic substitution was achieved through the formation of in situ generation of allyl esters and pyrazole-3-carboxylates from readily available starting materials. Up to two new five-membered heterocyclic rings and five new sigma bonds including a C(sp3)–C(sp2) bond were formed in a single reaction without isolated intermediates.

An efficient methodology for highly diastereoselective synthesis of poly-substituted 4,5-dihydropyrrole derivatives from readily available common reactants in water has been developed. During domino processes, the formation of pyrrole skeleton and its C2-hydroxylation and C3-arylamination were readily achieved via metal-free [3+2] heterocyclization in a one-pot operation.

In this study, a pH/temperature sensitive polymeric hydrogel from poly (lysine methyl ester-diacetoxy tartaric acid) and sodium alginate (PLMD-SA) was prepared via the condensation polymerization. Using indomethacin as the model drug, the controlled drug-release from the resulting pH/temperature sensitive PLMD-SA was evaluated as functions of pH, PLMD content and temperature by UV spectrophotometer. It was found that the release amount of indomethacin in pH=7.4 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was evidently higher than in pH=2.3 PBS.

Concise and efficient N-arylation-based domino [3+2] heterocyclization promoted by p-TsOH has been established for the synthesis of 27 examples of 3-arylamino substituted fused pyrrole derivatives in 70–90% yields. The present methodology shows attractive properties, such as mild reaction conditions, concise one-pot operation, short reaction periods of 15–30 min, and easy purification. It can avoid time-consuming and costly syntheses, tedious work-up procedures and isolation of intermediate.

A novel synergistic rhodium/copper catalysis has been established, enabling de-diazotized cycloadditions of 1,5-enynes and α-diazocarbonyls toward the selective formation of densely functionalized benzo[b]fluorenes and 2-naphthalenylmethanones. α-Aryldiazoesters result in the formation of triple C–C bonds through bimetallic catalysis whereas a range of functionalized naphthalenes with a 1,5-dicarbonyl unit were accomplished using α-diazocarbonyls without any substituent at the α-position, indicating that substituents at the α-position of the α-diazocarbonyl unit could control the selectivity of the reaction.

A new cascade three-component haloazidation of benzene-tethered 1,7-enynes for the formation of biologically interesting azidylated 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones has been achieved under mild and metal-free conditions using TMSN3 as a N3 source and NIS (or NBS or NCS) as a halogen source. The reaction pathway involves in situ-generated azidyl radical-triggered α,β-conjugated addition/6-exo-dig cyclization/radical coupling sequence, resulting in successive multiple bond-forming events, including carbon–nitrogen, carbon–carbon, and carbon–halogen bonds to rapidly construct complex heterocyclic molecules. Furthermore, the resulting products would be useful building blocks in the discovery of lead compounds and other biologically interesting N3-containing heterocycles.

A catalytic bicyclization reaction of enynes with arylsulfonyl radicals generated in situ from sulfonyl hydrazides is established in the presence of TBAI and Cu(OAc)2 as catalysts.

A novel three-component bicyclization strategy for the efficient synthesis of densely functionalized pyrano[3,4-c]pyrroles has been established from readily accessible 3-aroylacrylic acids, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and isocyanides. The reaction pathway involves Huisgen 1,3-dipole formation, Passerini-type reaction, Mumm rearrangement and an oxo-Diels–Alder reaction sequence, resulting in continuous multiple bond-forming events including C–N, C–O and C–H bonds to rapidly build up molecular complexity.

The construction of polysubstituted allenyl sulfones is achieved in a functional-group-compatible manner via TBHP/TBAI-mediated reaction of propargyl alcohols with sulfonyl hydrazide in the presence of AcOH.

A series of new poly-functionalized dihydroquinoline derivatives (26 examples) were synthesized via three-component reactions of aldehydes (1 equiv) and 1-arylethylidenemalononitriles (2 equiv) in ethylene glycol using NaOH as a base promoter under microwave irradiation. During these reaction processes, the domino construction of dihydroquinoline skeleton with concomitant formation of two new cycles was readily achieved in a one-pot operation and in an intermolecular manner.

Bronsted acid-promoted divergent approaches for the synthesis of multi-functionalized fused pyrroles with different substituted patterns (44 examples) have been established. The divergent pathways were controlled by varying the charging sequence to give a series of new fused pyrroles selectively. The direct C(sp3)S bond formation was achieved for the two-step, one-pot reaction.

New three-component domino reaction providing divergent approaches to multifunctionalized fused pyrroles with different substituted patterns have been established (40 examples). The direct C(sp(3))-N bond formation was achieved through intermolecular allylic amination in a one-pot operation, and N-arylation of amines was realized by varying N-amino acid enaminones. The reaction is easy to perform simply by mixing three common reactants in acetic acid under microwave heating. The reaction proceeds at fast rates and can be finished within 30 min, which makes workup convenient to give good chemical yields.

A mild and an efficient method for the synthesis of 4-arylfuro[2,3-a][4,7]phenanthroline derivatives via three-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde, quinolin-6-amine and 2,3-dihydrofuran is described using iodine as catalyst. The features of this procedure are mild reaction conditions, good yields and operational simplicity.

A novel and efficient access to 2-(argio(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives from readily available substrates in neat water is described with aid of microwave irradiation. The results of our study provide a green, simple and practical one-pot approach to the synthesis of 3-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione analogs in excellent yields without further purification.

A new cascade three-component haloazidation of benzene-tethered 1,7-enynes for the formation of biologically interesting azidylated 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones has been achieved under mild and metal-free conditions using TMSN3 as a N3 source and NIS (or NBS or NCS) as a halogen source. The reaction pathway involves in situ-generated azidyl radical-triggered α,β-conjugated addition/6-exo-dig cyclization/radical coupling sequence, resulting in successive multiple bond-forming events, including carbon–nitrogen, carbon–carbon, and carbon–halogen bonds to rapidly construct complex heterocyclic molecules. Furthermore, the resulting products would be useful building blocks in the discovery of lead compounds and other biologically interesting N3-containing heterocycles.

A series of new functionalized pyrazolopyridine derivatives with different substituted patterns were synthesized via microwave-assisted multi-component divergent reactions of aldehydes, 5-aminopyrazoles, and cycloketones by controlling the reaction condition. The procedures are facile, avoiding time-consuming and costly syntheses, tedious work-up, and purifications of precursors as well as protection/deprotection of functional groups. This chemistry provides an efficient and promising synthetic strategy to construction of the pyrazolopyridine skeleton.

A tandem one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted 1,3-thiazines has been developed by reacting with cyanoacetamide and isothiocyanate derivatives to give rise to 2-cyano-3-mercaptoacrylamides, which are trapped in situ by various aldehydes or diversely substituted ketones through intermolecular cyclization, providing polysubstituted 1,3-thiazine derivatives in short reaction times with good to excellent yields. The salient features of this novel protocol are operational simplicity, accessing the desired products from the readily available starting materials and easy of product isolation and may find wide spread applications in medicinal chemistry.

A series of quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 2-aminobenzamides and triethyl orthoformate or triphosgene in ionic liquid of [BMIm]BF4 at 80 °C catalyzed by iodine in good yields. Compared to other methods, this new procedure has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, good yields, operational simplicity, and environmentally friendly procedure.

In this paper, a new pH/temperature sensitive beads with core-shelled structure, composed of sodium alginate and poly(N-acryloylglycinate), were prepared using as drug delivery carrier. Selecting indomethacin as a model drug, in vitro drug release behaviors were investigated at different temperatures, phosphate buffer solutions (PBS) and polymer content. At pH=2.1, the release amount of indomethacin loaded in the beads was only 2.46% while this value approached to 95.23% in pH=7.4 PBS. In addition, the release rate of indomethacin at 37°C is much higher than at 18°C.

In this paper, a new pH/temperature sensitive hydrogel bead (HME) with core-shelled structure as a drug delivery system was prepared using N-acryloylglycinate and sodium alginate. In caffeine release studies, the effect of different pH value, temperature and the polymer content were evaluated, respectively. The results showed that 62.2% drug was released from the sensitive beads in pH 2.1 within 300 min, whereas 99.3% drug diffused into the medium in pH 7.4 at 37°C. The significantly higher release was observed at higher temperature than at lower temperature. In addition the release amount of drug was decreased with increasing polymer content. The release behaviors of caffeine suggested a feasibility of the beads as pH/thermo-controlled drug release carrier.

New cycloaddition has been established for the synthesis of indoline-spiro benzofurodiazepine derivatives. Those reactions were conducted by reacting readily available and inexpensive starting materials, such as benzene-1,2-diamines, tetronic acid and indoline-2,3-diones, in aqueous solution under microwave irradiation. When mono-substituted benzene-1,2-diamines as an amine component was employed, the reaction regioselectively resulted in the poly-functionalized indoline-spiro benzofurodiazepine with good yields. The present green synthesis shows attractive characteristics such as the use of water as reaction media, concise one-pot conditions, short reaction periods, easy work-up/purification and reduced waste production without the use of any strong acids or metal promoters.

In this study, a pH/temperature sensitive polymeric hydrogel from poly(N-acryloylglycine) and natural chitosan (PNAG-CS) was prepared via the radical polymerization. The effects of temperature and pH on the swelling behavior of PNAG-CS were systematically studied. Using caffeine as the model drug, the controlled caffeine-release from the resulting pH/temperature sensitive PNAG-CS was evaluated as functions of pH, polymer content and temperature by UV spectrophotometer.

A microwave-assisted solvent-dependent chemoselective reaction dealing with 4-arylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5-ones and diverse ortho-diamines to achieve three types of molecular scaffolds, 3-benzylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, benzimidazole and β-amino dipeptides is reported. The procedures feature short reaction time, good to excellent yields, operational simplicity, as well as easily available starting materials. These compounds are of importance for organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry research.

Amphiphobic vaterite with a size of about 50 nm, was prepared via crystallization of CaCO3with perfluorooctane surfapropyl betaine（DF-921）in methanol by mimicking the process of biomineralization. The products were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle analysis. The results indicate that the CaCO3powder samples had both hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. The DF-921 used in this research not only controlled the crystal type of the CaCO3particles but also changed the surface properties of the final products.