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1. Perspectives of the Eye-Tracking Application to Understand Access to Representational Levels in Chemistry

Author

Solange W. Locatelli, Larissa Souza de Oliveira, Raimundo da Silva S. Junior, and João R. Sato

Abstract

According to several studies, the three levels of representation in chemistry are the fundamental aspects of effective learning and understanding of chemistry. In this study, we aim to illustrate how students identify changes in the matter using eye-tracking and verbalizations. Five students observed chemical and physical phenomena depicted by using the three representational levels under eye-tracking monitoring. This allows making inferences about which representation received students' attention for the longest time. In order to enrich this illustrative experiment, data were triangulated with think-aloud techniques and researchers' observations during the procedure. Our results suggest that eye-tracking experiments may provide some relevant insights into students' cognition regarding representational levels. The multiple case study presented hereby pointed out that the levels observed for the longest time were the macro and the submicro levels, although only the macro level was relevant to the student's answers, according to their verbalizations. Finally, qualitative analyses of these illustrations are also presented and discussed.

Published
2024
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2. Teaching Descriptive Statistics and Hypothesis Tests Measuring Water Density

Author

Roberto Silva de Souza and Endler Marcel Borges

Abstract

This laboratory experiment was divided into four parts. In the first part, students evaluate previously published data and check their normality using histograms, Q-Q plots, the Shapiro-Wilk test, and boxplots. In the second part, two different groups were compared. First, data normality and homoskedasticity were checked by using the Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test, respectively. Then the group mean was compared using the Student, Welch, and Mann-Whitney tests. In the third part, the famous Iris flower data set was analyzed, where data normality and homoskedasticity were checked. Then, three independent groups were compared using ANOVA, without correction, and using the Welch and Brown-Forsythe corrections. The Iris flowers data set was also compared using the nonparametric version of ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis test) and post hoc tests such as the Tukey test (parametric) and Dunn's test (nonparametric). In the fourth part, students measured the density of water using four pieces of glassware (a beaker, a graduated cylinder, a volumetric pipet, and a graduated pipet). After the experiment, the data' normality and homoskedasticity were checked. Then, the data was compared using ANOVA and post hoc tests. The results of these tests were visually interpreted using raincloud and discriminant plots. These data provide a starting point for teaching precision, accuracy, descriptive statistics, and hypothesis tests. Statistical analysis was carried out using Jeffreys's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), which is free and open-source software that provides several graphical interpretations of the hypothesis test.

Published
2023
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3. Motivation to Learn Chemistry: A Thorough Analysis of the CMQ-II within the Brazilian Context

Author

de Souza, Renata T. M. P., da Silva, Matheus dos Santos Barbosa, Barbato, Daniela M. L., Ruggiero de Guzzi, Mara Eugênia, and Kasseboehmer, Ana Cláudia

Abstract

Studies on students' motivation to learn Chemistry in developed countries are largely common in the literature. However, very few studies have been carried out with a view to investigating students' motivation to learn Chemistry in places like Latin America, and specifically in Brazil. The present study sought to translate the Chemistry Motivation Questionnaire II (CMQ-II) with a view to evaluating the motivation to learn Chemistry among Brazilian high school students. The study was conducted using responses obtained from 510 high school students who completed the CMQ-II during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of model invariance between genders were carried out in order to compare the results obtained with those of the other studies conducted using the CMQ-II. The results obtained from this investigation showed that the CMQII had a five-factor structure with factor loadings [greater than or equal to] 0.52 and Cronbach's [alpha] [greater than or equal to] 0.81. Multivariate analysis was also carried out with respect to gender differences, and the results obtained showed that Brazilian boys had higher confidence when it comes to learning Chemistry, while the girls mostly studied Chemistry to obtain a good grade or because of the importance of the discipline in their imagined future career. The findings show that the Brazilian version of CMQ-II applied in this study seems to provide a consistent scale of analysis compared to that reported in the literature.

Published
2022
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4. The Thalidomide Mystery: A Digital Escape Room Using Genially and WhatsApp for High School Students

Author

de Souza, Renata Torres Mattos P. and Kasseboehmer, Ana Cla´udia

Abstract

This paper reports the development of a digital escape room for high school students using Genially, a web-based media platform. The escape room was used to aid understanding of basic concepts in chemistry and mostly enhance students' classes participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The activity entitled "The thalidomide mystery" covered the concepts of chemical bonding, pH, acid and base, and laboratory glassware. The narrative of the game revolves around the drug named thalidomide; this drug was developed in the 1960s and its use caused several cases of phocomelia. WhatsApp chat groups were formed to stimulate an active engagement of the participants and maintain a collaborative and cooperative learning experience among them. Students were required to solve four chemistry puzzles to obtain the final password to reach the end of the game. The results obtained showed that the game was very useful for students mainly because it presented an innovative way of teaching chemistry, different from the traditional way in which the students are usually taught in their classrooms. The game helped the students to review the contents covered and was able to stimulate the active participation of both the students who like to study chemistry and those who do not.

Published
2022
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5. An Interdisciplinary Activity to Teach the Concept of pH in Chemistry

Author

Pereira, Waylla de Souza and Fernandes, Julio C. B.

Abstract

This work describes an alternative approach for introducing the concept of pH in high school. We develop an experimental protocol to demonstrate in classroom as pH affects the life of microorganisms. At the same time, we constructed low-cost equipment and a homemade culture media using ordinary products, which they are easily found by the teachers in any commercial store. It was observed that in pH lower than 3 and higher than 13 the growth of microorganisms is inhibited. We applied this interdisciplinary activity to students from six different schools. The results showed that teaching the concept of pH, contextualized with its effect on the growth of microorganism, was significant for the students. Our goal with this kind of activity is to allow students to understand the concept of pH through the application of knowledge allowing them to intervene in their daily lives.

Published
2022
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6. Approaching Diesel Fuel Quality in Chemistry Lab Classes: Undergraduate Student's Achievements on Determination of Biodiesel Content in Diesel Oil Applying Solvatochromic Effect

Author

Cavalcante dos Santos, Rafael, Cavalcanti, Juliane Natalizi Cabral, Werneck do Carmo, Elisa Carneiro, de Souza, Fernando Costa, Soares, Wesley Garcia, de Souza, Cristiane Gimenes, de Andrade, Débora França, and d'Avila, Luiz Antonio

Abstract

An experimental procedure is presented that was developed by fifth-year chemical engineering and industrial chemistry undergraduates at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro doing the discipline on Experimental Organic Technology. The aim of this study was to apply the solvatochromic effect of the dye Nile Blue chloride to the characterization of biodiesel/diesel blends with different biodiesel content, using an alternative image processing analysis method involving low-cost, simple, and rapid assays. The effect of the solvatochromic dye Nile Blue chloride was monitored using the software ImageJ, which is being used currently, yielding rapid and effective responses. As an outcome, the students proposed a procedure that had potential application to colorimetric determination of biodiesel content in diesel oil. This gave students the opportunity to put the knowledge acquired in the course into practice, by dealing with issues concerning the fuels industry, making the learning process more dynamic, engaging, and effective.

Published
2020
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7. The Use of Different Translation Devices to Analyze Knowledge-Building in a University Chemistry Classroom

Author

Barreto, Lucas Passos, Rodrigues, Adriana Araújo Dutra, de Oliveira, Giordanna Camilla Bié, de Almeida, Laila Thayanne Gomes, Felix, Matheus Augusto Campelo, Silva, Penha de Souza, Quadros, Ana Luiza, Macedo, Andrea Mara, and Mortimer, Eduardo Fleury

Abstract

This research draws on Legitimation Code Theory (LCT) to understand the epistemic dimension of the higher education classroom discourse of a professor who is well evaluated by his students. In expository science classroom discourse, concepts are loaded with different meanings, a process that is called "condensation of meanings" in LCT, and are expressed using the concept of epistemic semantic density (ESD). The ESD can vary in classroom discourse, generating what is called a semantic wave in the LCT context. In this work, we initially compare two different translation devices, which are ways of systematically exploring the characteristics of the knowledge expressed in the classroom and how they vary, generating semantic waves. We were able to observe the strengths and weaknesses of both devices. They proved to be powerful tools in revealing how the complexity of science knowledge varies in a lesson. However, neither one demonstrates how meanings are connected in the lesson or how the semantic density of a particular concept changes over time. In this sense, we explore how everyday words at times become loaded with technical meaning when other concepts are connected to them. To achieve that, we use third device based on network science, an approach that analyzes and represents the systems of interactions of a wide range of physical and social phenomena. This allows us to evaluate how a term commonly used in everyday language, such as "lamp," can play a central role in the construction of meanings related to the episteme of chemistry. In addition, while LCT assumes that semantic waves necessarily optimize learning, the results obtained herein revealed that constellation of meanings does not directly relate to semantic waves.

Published
2021
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8. Determination of Al Content in Commercial Samples through Stoichiometry: A Simple Experiment for an Advanced High-School Chemistry Olympiad Preparatory Course

Author

de Lima, Kassio M. G., da Silva, Amison R. L., and de Souza, Joao P. F.

Abstract

Stoichiometry has always been a puzzling subject. This may be partially due to the way it is introduced to students, with stoichiometric coefficients usually provided in the reaction. If the stoichiometric coefficients are not given, students find it very difficult to solve problems. This article describes a simple 4-h laboratory experiment for the determination of aluminum content in commercial samples through the stoichometric relationship between aluminum and released hydrogen gas. The experiment was performed by high-school students at an advanced preparation course for the Chemistry Olympiad. The aluminum content in foil samples was determined by measuring the amount of formed hydrogen gas through mass balance of the reaction system. The experiment is appropriate for high-school chemistry or a first-semester general chemistry course.

Published
2014
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9. Chemistry and Chemical Education through Text and Image: Analysis of Twentieth Century Textbooks Used in Brazilian Context

Author

Souza, Karina Ap F. D. and Porto, Paulo Alves

Abstract

Assuming that textbooks give literary expression to cultural and ideological values of a nation or group, we propose the analysis of chemistry textbooks used in Brazilian universities throughout the twentieth century. We analyzed iconographic and textual aspects of 31 textbooks which had significant diffusion in the context of Brazilian universities at that period. As a result of the iconographic analysis, nine categories of images were proposed: (1) laboratory and experimentation, (2) industry and production, (3) graphs and diagrams, (4) illustrations related to daily life, (5) models, (6) illustrations related to the history of science, (7) pictures or diagrams of animal, vegetable or mineral samples, (8) analogies and (9) concepts of physics. The distribution of images among the categories showed a different emphasis in the presentation of chemical content due to a commitment to different conceptions of chemistry over the period. So, we started with chemistry as an experimental science in the early twentieth century, with an emphasis change to the principles of chemistry from the 1950s, culminating in a chemistry of undeniable technological influence. Results showed that reflections not only on the history of science, but on the history of science education, may be useful for the improvement of science education.

Published
2012
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10. Questioning Profiles in Secondary Science Classrooms

Author

Almeida, Patricia and de Souza, Francisle Neri

Abstract

In this paper, we are concerned with the role of both teachers and students' questioning in classroom interaction. Bearing in mind that the current guidelines point out to student centred teaching, our aim is to analyse and characterise the questioning patterns of contemporary secondary science classes and compare them to the questioning profiles found some decades ago, when teacher-centred strategies were prevalent. Data was collected by audio recording one class for each teacher (two chemistry and physics teachers participated in this study) and by interviewing each one. The overall results suggest that both teachers and students questioning profiles are similar to the ones reported in the literature along the last decades and, ultimately, not promoting the desirable students' active learning. (Contains 3 tables.)

Published
2010
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11. Actin Immobilization on Chitin for Purifying Myosin II: A Laboratory Exercise That Integrates Concepts of Molecular Cell Biology and Protein Chemistry

Author

de Souza, Marcelle Gomes, Grossi, Andre Luiz, and Pereira, Elisangela Lima Bastos

Abstract

This article presents our experience on teaching biochemical sciences through an innovative approach that integrates concepts of molecular cell biology and protein chemistry. This original laboratory exercise is based on the preparation of an affinity chromatography column containing F-actin molecules immobilized on chitin particles for purifying skeletal myosin II. It favors the active learning of protein extraction and purification, the learning of concepts such as muscle contraction, cytoskeleton structure, and its importance for the living cell. This laboratory exercise also promotes learning biotechnological applications of chitin and the applications of protein immobilization in different industrial fields. Furthermore, the activities target the development of laboratorial abilities, problem-solving skills, and the ability to write a scientific report, following the model of a scientific article. The trials are mainly proposed for either an undergraduate project for advanced students in the life sciences or a postgraduate practical training course. In both the cases, the students must have had biochemistry as part of their regular curriculum. Alternatively, the affinity chromatography method can fit in any regular biochemistry course if active chitin, F-actin, and a myosin II extract are provided. It is very important to mention that this laboratory exercise can be used even in places where a facility such as ultracentrifugation is lacking. For that, the steps of actin purification are skipped, and actin is commercially obtained. Therefore, it is an adequate approach for the active learning of biochemical and molecular cell biology principles and techniques even in poor countries. (Contains 5 figures and 8 references for further reading.)

Published
2008
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12. Organising the Chemistry of Question-Based Learning: A Case Study

Author

de Jesus, Helena Pedrosa, de Souza, Francisle Neri, Teixeira-Dias, Jose J. C., and Watts, Mike

Abstract

Designing inquiry-based-learning with and for university students develops problem-solving skills and logical reasoning, as well as reflective thinking. It involves working as a member of a team, questioning, being creative, shaping the skills for continued intellectual development. It is argued that inquiry-based group work is one of the most important learning experiences because it enables the exploration of theoretical ideas and conceptual change. This paper presents results about the use of students' questions to shape these processes. This research involved one group of three students developing a mini-project on "thermo-chemistry of fitness". Data were collected through participant observation of group meetings and of meetings with the tutor, through semi-structured interviews with members of the group and the group as a whole, through an analysis of the questions asked by the group in the development of the project (oral and written) and through an oral presentation by the students. The results show that the questions formulated during the development of group mini-projects performed several important functions in the structure of the students' work, such as organising ideas, delimiting the scale of the project, identifying and reflecting on the many strands and sources of information, and reflecting on the project as a whole. The questions have contributed to students' engagement in the discipline, bringing an increase of interaction between teacher and students, an increase in the confidence and trust of the students in the asking of questions, and therefore an increase in the quality of classroom interactions in the learning and teaching of chemistry.

Published
2005

13. Teaching for Quality Learning in Chemistry. Research Report

Author

Teixeira-Dias, Jose J. C., Pedrosa de Jesus, Helena, Neri de Souza, Francisle, and Watts, Mike

Abstract

In Portugal, the number of students in higher education increased from 80,000 in 1975 to 381,000 in 2000 (a change from 11% to 53% in the age group 18-22), meaning a major change in the diversity of student population with consequences well known and studied in other countries. The teaching of chemistry at the University of Aveiro, for the first-year students of science and engineering, has been subjected to continuous attention to implement quality and student-centred approaches. The work devoted to excellence and deep learning by several authors has been carefully followed and considered. This communication reports research work on chemistry teaching, associated with those developments for first-year students. The work included the design of strategies and the adoption of teaching and learning activities exploring ways to stimulate active learning by improving the quality of classroom interactions. In addition to regular lectures, large classes' teaching based on student-generated questions was explored. In order to improve students' motivation and stimulate their curiosity, conference-lectures were adopted to deal with selected topics of wide scientific, technological and social interest. Quantitative analysis and discussion of selected case studies, together with the organization of laboratory classes based on selected enquiry-based experiments, planned and executed by students, stimulated deep learning processes. A sample of 32 students was followed in the academic year of 2000/01 and the results obtained are here discussed in comparison with those of a sample of 100 students followed in 2001/02. Particular attention was paid to the quality of classroom interactions, the use of questions by students and their views about the course design.

Published
2005

14. On the application of knoevenagel condensation for the synthesis of benzylidene benzothiazine compounds and structural study

Author

Souza Ana Maria Alves de, Guarda Vera Lucia de Miranda, Leite Lúcia Fernanda Cavalcanti da Costa, Barbosa Filho José Maria, Lima Maria do Carmo Alves de, Galdino Suely Lins, and Pitta Ivan da Rocha

Subjects
benzothiazines, benzylidene benzothiazines, AM1 conformational and configurational analysis, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The synthesis and physico-chemical properties of new 6-acetylamino or 6-benzoyl-amino 2-benzylidene-4-methyl-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-ones and 6-benzoylamino or 6-nitro 2-benzylidene-4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-ones are described. These benzylidene benzothiazine compounds were prepared by the Knoevenagel condensation with benzaldehydes. The configurations and conformations of benzylidene benzothiazine derivatives were optimised using the semi-empirical method AM1.

Published
2006

15. A escolha da faixa espectral no uso combinado de métodos espectroscópicos e quimiométricos

Author

Oliveira Flavia C. C., Souza Antônio T. P. C. de, Dias José A., Dias Silvia C. L., and Rubim Joel C.

Subjects
FTNIR, PLS, spectral region selection, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A method is presented for the choice of spectral regions when absorption measurements are coupled to chemometric tools to perform quantitative analyses. The method is based on the spectral distribution of the relative standard deviation of concentration (s c/c). It has been applied to the development of PLS-FTNIR calibration models for the determination of density and MON of gasoline, and ethanol content and density of ethanol fuel. The new method was also compared with the correlation (R²) method and has proved to generate PLS calibration models that present better accuracy and precision than those based on R².

Published
2004

16. Formation of nickel vanadates as a function of pH

Author

Prasad Shiva, Leite Valderí D., Santana Renato A. C., Moura Elisângela da S., A. Neto Ambrósio F., and Souza Antonio G.

Subjects
vanadates, polyvanadates, nickel vanadates, electrometry, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The precise nature of the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium ortho-vanadate solution has been studied by means of electrometric techniques involving potentiometric and conductometric titrations. The well defined inflections and breaks in the titration curves confirm the existence of the anions, pyro-V2O7(4-) , meta-VO3- and poly-H2V10O28(4-) corresponding to the ratios of VO4(3-):H+ as 1:1, 1:2 and 1:2.6 in the neighborhood of pH 10.5, 7.4 and 3.6, respectively. The interaction of nickel chloride with sodium vanadate solutions, at specific pH levels 12.4, 10.5, 7.4 and 3.6 was also studied by potentiometric and conductometric titrations between the reactants. The end-points obtained from the sharp inflections in the titration curves provide definite evidence for the formation of ortho-3NiO.V2O5, pyro-2NiO.V2O5 and meta-NiO.V2O5 vanadates of nickel in the vicinity of pH 8.9, 8.0 and 6.8, respectively. Analytical investigations on the precipitates formed confirm the results of the electrometric study.

Published
2004

17. Synthesis of Cyclohexyl 6-O-Trityl-a-D-Threo-Hexopyranosid-4-ulo-(2,3:3',4')-2-Pyrazoline

Author

Srivastava Rajendra M., Souza Ana Maria A. de, Silva Ladjane P. da, Freitas Filho João R. de, Hallwass Fernando, and Doboszewski Bogdan

Subjects
aminodeoxy sugars, Ferrier's rearrangement, 3-dipolar cycloaddition, diazomethane, allylic oxidation, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Reaction of tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (1) with cyclohexanol (2) using Ferrier's method provided the unsaturated cyclohexyl glucoside 3, which furnished the title compound 12 in a sequence involving hydrolysis, selective tritylation of oxygen at C-6, allylic oxidation with MnO2 and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with diazomethane. Starting from 6, product 17 was obtained in four steps. Semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations (AM1) were carried out for compound 12 which gave an idea about its stable conformation, and also supported the existence of the anomeric effect. Attempts to open the pyrazoline ring in 12 and 17 failed. Partial negative charge at C-3 was responsible for the lack of reactivity of 12 towards reduction of C=N bond.

Published
2002

18. Electroanalytical investigations on formation of thallium(I) molybdates as a function of pH

Author

Prasad Shiva, Brito André L.F., Leite Valderí D., and Souza Antônio G.

Subjects
molybdates, thallium(I) molybdates, electrometry, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The formation of thallium(I) molybdates obtained by interaction of thallium(I) nitrate and sodium molybdate at specific pH levels 7.6, 5.5 and 4.1 has been studied by electrometric techniques involving potentiometric and conductometric titrations, in aqueous and alcoholic media using each reagent as titrant. Well defined breaks and inflections in the titration curves provide cogent evidence for formation of thallium normal-Tl2O.MoO3, para-3Tl2O.7MoO3 and octa-2Tl2O.8MoO3 molybdates in the vicinity of pH 6.8, 5.9 and 5.2, respectively. Analytical investigations of the precipitates of thallium(I) molybdates have also been carried out, which substantiate the results of the electrometric study.

Published
2002

19. Estudo da adsorção de hidrogênio e sulfeto na superfície de paládio: aspectos experimentais (eletroquímica) e teóricos (ab initio e Teoria do Funcional da Densidade)

Author

Ângelo Antônio Carlos D., Souza Aguinaldo R. de, Morgon Nelson H., and Sambrano Júlio R.

Subjects
ab initio, DFT, cyclic voltammetry, adsorption, hydrogen, sulfide, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The adsorption of H and S2- species on Pd (100) has been studied with ab initio, density-functional calculations and electrochemical methods. A cluster of five Pd atoms with a frozen geometry described the surface. The computational calculations were performed through the GAUSSIAN94 program, and the basis functions adapted to a pseudo-potential obtained by using the Generator Coordinate Method adapted to the this program. Using the cyclic voltammetry technique through a Model 283 Potentiostat/Galvanostat E.G.&G-PAR obtained the electrochemical results. The calculated chemisorption geometry has a Pd-H distance of 1.55Å, and the potential energy surface was calculated using the Becke3P86//(GCM/DFT/SBK) methodology. The adsorption of S2- ions on Pd surface obtained both through comparison between the experimental and theoretical results, at MP2 level, suggest a S2- absorption into the metallic cluster. The produced Pd-(S2-) system was show to be very stable under the employed experimental conditions. The paper has shows the powerful aid of computational methods to interpret adsorption experimental data.

Published
2001

20. Estudo termogravimétrico e calorimétrico da algaroba

Author

Silva Suely Alves da, Souza Antonio Gouveia, Conceição Marta Maria da, Alencar Alisson L. S., Prasad Shiva, and Cavalheiro José Marcelino Oliveira

Subjects
thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, algaroba, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Humidity and ash content of powder and bran of algaroba pods are important quality parameters for biological control during storage. The studies of humidity and ash content were carried out conventional and thermogravimetric methods. Different values were obtained by the various methods. The thermogravimetric method was faster and required less sample for the humidity and ash analyses of the powder and bran of algaroba pods. The differential scanning calorimetry curves of the powder and bran of algaroba pods, dryed at 55 ºC, showed two peaks, one corresponding to the gelatinization of starch and the other to the vaporization of water. The samples dryed at 65, 75, 85, 95 and 105 ºC showed one peak, corresponding to the vaporization of water.

Published
2001

21. Estudo ab-initio da a-alanina em meio aquoso

Author

Sambrano Júlio Ricardo, Souza Aguinaldo Robinson de, Queralt Joaquim Josep, Andrés Juan, and Longo Elson

Subjects
ab initio, a-alanine, solvent, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF), Density Functional (B3LYP) and electron correlation (MP2) methods have been used to caracterize the aqueous medium intramolecular hydrogen bond in a-alanine. The 6-31G* and 6-31++G** were taken from Gaussian94 library. We were concerned on the structure of three conformers of a-alanine, in their neutral form plus on the structure of the zwitterionic form (Z). The Z structure is a stationary point at the HF/6-31G* level but it is not when diffuse functions and electron correlation are included. This results shows that the Z form does not exist in the gas phase. The inclusion of solvent effects changed significantly the results obtained in gas phase, therefore this inclusion make the Z form a stationary point within all level of theory, and the relative energy depends dramatically on the level of calculation.

Published
1999

22. A comparative study of antioxidant capacity of amino acids using the Fe(II)/1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic complex and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent: application in blood serum

Author

Carvalho, Luisa Menezes de, Souza, Maryane Woth de, Fonseca, Fernando Luiz Afonso, and Moya, Horacio Dorigan

Subjects
Serum -- Testing, Antioxidants -- Composition -- Testing, Amino acids -- Properties, Chemistry
Abstract

The oxidation of 20 amino acids (AA; alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine (Cys), glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, Scrine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine) by Fe(III) in a buffered aqueous solution (pH 8.0, Tris) containing 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid ([H.sub.2]NRS) was spectrophotometrically evaluated. Under the employed conditions, Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II) to afford greenish Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-], the absorbance of which at [[lambda].sub.max] = 730nm was correlated to AA reducing capacity and expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents (A[S.sub.E]). Comparison of the thus obtained A[S.sub.E] values with those determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) revealed that all analyzed AA preferentially reacted with Fe(III)-[H.sub.2]NRS rather than with the FCR. The obtained insights were utilized to develop a spectrophotometric procedure for the quantitation of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of blood serum samples in solution containing Fe(III) and [H.sub.2]NRS (pH 8.0, Tris). The TAC values (in m[g.sub.Cys] m[L.sup.-1] serum) of 22 serum samples determined by the Fe(III)-NRS method were well correlated with those determined using the FCR method (r = 0.788), which suggested that the proposed procedure can be used to quantify the TAC of other protein-rich biological samples. Key words: antioxidant capacity, amino acid, 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid, Fe(II), Fe(III), blood serum Nous avons evalue par spectrophotometrie l'oxydation de 20 acides amines (AA; l'alanine, l'arginine, l'asparagine, l'acide aspartique, la cysteine (Cys), l'acide glutamique, la glutamine, la glycine, l'histidine, l'isoleucine, la leucine, la lysine, la methionine, la phenylalanine, la proline, la serine, la threonine, le tryptophane, la tyrosine et la valine) par le Fe(III) dans une solution aqueuse tamponnee (pH 8,0; Tris) contenant de l'acide 1 nitroso-2-naphtol-3,6-disulfonique ([H.sub.2]NRS). Dans les conditions employees, le Fe(III) a subi une reduction en Fe(II) pour former le compose verdatre Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-], dont l'absorbance a [[lambda].sub.max] = 730 nm a ete correlee a la capacite de reduction des AA et exprimee en equivalents d'acide ascorbique (A[S.sub.E]). En comparant les valeurs d'A[S.sub.E] ainsi obtenues avec celles determinees a l'aide du reactif de Folin Ciocalteau (RFC), nous avons constate que tous les AA analyses reagissent preferentiellement avec le Fe(III) [H.sub.2]NRS plutot qu'avec le RFC. Nous avons utilise les connaissances que nous avons acquises pour mettre au point une methode spectrophotometrique permettant de quantifier la capacite antioxydante totale (CAT) d'echantillons de serum sanguin dans des solutions contenant du Fe(III) et du [H.sub.2]NRS (pH 8,0; Tris). Les valeurs de CAT (en m[g.sub.Cys] m[L.sup.-1] de serum) provenant de 22 echantillons de serum que nous avons determinees par la methode du Fe(III)-NRS ont revele une forte correlation avec celles determinees par la methode du RFC (r = 0,788), ce qui permet d'entrevoir la possibilite d'utiliser la methode proposee pour quantifier la CAT d'autres echantillons biologiques riches en proteines. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : capacite antioxydante, acide amine, 1-nitroso-2-naphtol-3,6-disulfonique, Fe(II), Fe(III), serum sanguin, Introduction The reducing capacity of amino acids (AA) is an index associated with the generation of important metabolites. (1-5) Moreover, AA form peptides and proteins that may exhibit reasonable antioxidant [...]

Published
2023
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23. Dereplication of polar extracts from Croton antisyphiliticus Mart. roots and its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potential.

Author

Simão, Jorge Luiz Souza, Prado, Stephanie Vilela, Pereira, Alana Kelyene, Alexandre, Gerso Pereira, Pires Gomide, Núbia Alves Mariano Teixeira, Matos da Silva, Marcia, Almeida, Dionys de Souza, Martins, Aline Nazareth, Bueno da Silva, Daiany Priscilla, Costa, Elson Alves da, and Pasqualotto Severino, Vanessa Gisele

Subjects
PLANT extracts, CROTON (Genus), LABORATORY mice, MYELOPEROXIDASE, MASS spectrometers, ANTIARTHRITIC agents, DEXAMETHASONE
Abstract

Croton antisyphiliticus Mart. is a plant popularly used in folk medicine by traditional communities from Brazilian savannah to treat general inflammation. According to ethnopharmacological data, this specie can be considered a source of biologically active molecules for the development of new drugs. Thereby, this study reports the results of the dereplication approach of C. antisyphiliticus roots extracts and the in vivo evaluation of its potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory in albino Swiss mice. Based on HPLC coupled to Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer and using GNPS, a total of thirteen polyphenolic compounds were noticed, including four compounds that have been reported for the first time in the genus Croton. Ethanolic and aqueous roots extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition for the number of writes, reduced pain induced by formalin and hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. These extracts also reduced paw edema, cell migration, and myeloperoxidase activity, with effects similar to indomethacin and dexamethasone drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Resistência de híbridos de sorgo energia bmr à broca-da-cana-de-açúcar e lagarta-do-cartucho

Author

C. S. F. Souza, B. H. S. Souza, R. A. C. Parrella, M. L. F. Simeone, P. T. Nascimento, J. C. O. França, P. F. Lima, S. M. Mendes, Universidade Federal de Lavras, RAFAEL AUGUSTO DA COSTA PARRELLA, CNPMS, MARIA LUCIA FERREIRA SIMEONE, CNPMS, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, and SIMONE MARTINS MENDES, CNPMS.

Subjects
QH301-705.5, Science, Diatraea saccharalis, Sorgo, resistência de plantas, Biomass, Greenhouse, Moths, Spodoptera, complex mixtures, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animals, Diatraea Saccharalis, Lignin, Biology (General), Sorghum, Hybrid, biology, Cana de Açúcar, energy sorghum, fungi, Botany, food and beverages, Spodoptera frugiperda, biology.organism_classification, plant resistance, Saccharum, Resistência de planta, QL1-991, Praga de Planta, chemistry, Agronomy, Biofuel, Larva, QK1-989, sorgo energia, Fall armyworm, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Zoology, Spodoptera Frugiperda
Abstract

The lower lignin content in plants species with energy potential results in easier cellulose breakdown, making glucose available for ethanol generation. However, higher lignin levels can increase resistance to insect attack. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of a bmr-6 biomass sorghum (a mutant genotype with a lower concentration of lignin) to important pests of energy sorghum, Diatraea saccharalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Experiments were performed in the laboratory and greenhouse to evaluate the development of these pests on the biomass sorghum bmr hybrids BR007, BR008, and TX635 and their respective conventional near-isogenic genotypes (without the bmr gene). The lignin content was higher in non-bmr hybrids, but the evaluated insect variables varied between treatments, not being consistent in just one hybrid or because it is bmr or not. The lowest survival of S. frugiperda was observed in the BR008 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr. The S. frugiperda injury scores on plants in the greenhouse were high (>7) in all treatments. For D. saccharalis, there was no difference in larval survival in the laboratory, but in the greenhouse, the BR007 hybrid, both bmr and non-bmr, provided greater survival. Due the need to diversify the energy matrix and the fact that greater susceptibility of the bmr hybrids to either pests was not found in this study, these results hold promise for cultivation of these biomass sorghum hybrids for the production of biofuels. Resumo O menor teor de lignina em espécies de plantas com potencial energético resulta na maior facilidade de quebra da celulose, disponibilizando glicose para geração de etanol. Porém, maiores teores de lignina representa um fator de resistência ao ataque de insetos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar como importantes pragas do sorgo energia, Diatraea saccharalis e Spodoptera frugiperda, se comportam quanto à alimentação e desempenho em sorgo bmr-6, um genótipo mutante com menor concentração de lignina. Foram realizados experimentos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, avaliando o desenvolvimento destas pragas nos híbridos de sorgo biomassa bmr 007, 008, TX635 e seus respectivos genótipos isogênicos convencionais (sem o gene bmr). O teor de lignina foi maior nos híbridos não bmr, mas nos parâmetros avaliados nos insetos, houve variação entre os tratamentos, não sendo consistente em apenas um híbrido e nem por ser ou não bmr. A menor sobrevivência de S. frugiperda foi verificada no híbrido BR008 tanto bmr quanto não bmr. As notas de injúria por S. frugiperda no sorgo em casa de vegetação foram altas (>7) em todos os tratamentos. Para D. saccharalis, não houve diferença significativa para a sobrevivência larval em laboratório, mas em casa de vegetação o híbrido BR007 tanto bmr quanto não bmr proporcionaram maior sobrevivência. Diante da necessidade de diversificar a matriz energética e o fato de que não foi comprovada neste estudo maior suscetibilidade dos híbridos bmr a ambas as pragas, estes resultados são promissores para o cultivo desses híbridos de sorgo biomassa para produção de biocombustíveis.

Published
2024
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25. Morphophysiological aspects of ornamental sunflowers cultivated in different growing seasons under semi-arid conditions

Author

Sheila D. P. da Silva, Gracielle P. de Souza, Agnaldo R. de M. Chaves, Marcelle A. da Silva, Rafaela R. de Souza, Márkilla Z. Beckmann-Cavalcante, SHEILA D. P. DA SILVA, UNIVASF, GRACIELLE P. DE SOUZA, UNIVASF, AGNALDO RODRIGUES DE MELO CHAVES, CPATSA, MARCELLE A. DA SILVA, UNIVASF, RAFAELA R. DE SOUZA, UNIVASF, and MÁRKILLA Z. BECKMANN CAVALCANTE, UNIVASF.

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Agriculture (General), Randomized block design, Growing season, sazonalidade, Biology, S1-972, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ornamental plant, Cultivar, Girassol, Transpiration, cutting flower, Morfologia Vegetal, photosynthesis, Helianthus annuus L, fotossíntese, Arid, Sunflower, Helianthus Annuus, Agronomy, chemistry, flores de corte, Chlorophyll, seasonal changes, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ornamental plants
Abstract

Knowledge of how climatic conditions affect plant morphophysiology is essential for understanding how to manage the growth cycles of different crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the growing seasons in a semi-arid area on the morphophysiological variables of ornamental sunflower plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Six cultivars (‘Bonito de Outono Sortido’, ‘Sol Noturno’, ‘Sol Vermelho’, ‘Jardim Amarelo Alto’, ‘Girassol F1 Sunbright Supreme’ and ‘Girassol F1 Vincents Choice’) were evaluated in the main plots and two different growing seasons (GS) in the subplots (GS1 - warm climate and GS2 - mild climate). Evaluations of gas exchange, chlorophyll indices, and leaf surface area were carried out at the reproductive stage (R5.5). The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers in semi-arid regions was significantly affected by the growing season. Changes in gas exchange variables and the morphophysiology of ornamental sunflower plants in the two growing seasons reflected the high phenotypic plasticity characteristic of this species. The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers under semi-arid conditions in the growing season, when air temperature and solar radiation are high, could be limited due to elevated transpiration rates. Therefore, it is recommended that they are grown mainly during the moderate climatic season in semi-arid regions. RESUMO O conhecimento de como as condições climáticas afetam a morfofisiologia das plantas é essencial para compreender como manejar os ciclos de crescimento das diferentes culturas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de épocas de cultivo em condições semiáridas sobre os parâmetros morfofisiológicos e de trocas gasosas de plantas de girassol ornamental. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos casualizados arranjado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados seis cultivares (‘Bonito de Outono Sortido’, ‘Sol Noturno’, ‘Sol Vermelho’, ‘Jardim Amarelo Alto’, ‘Girassol F1 Sunbright Supreme’ e ‘Girassol F1 Vincents Choice’) na parcela principal e duas diferente épocas de cultivo (GS) nas subparcelas (GS1 - clima quente e GS2 - clima ameno). As avaliações de trocas gasosas, índices de clorofilas e área foliar foram realizadas na fase reprodutiva (R5.5). O cultivo de girassol de corte no semiárido é afetado significativamente pela época de cultivo. Mudanças nas variáveis de trocas gasosas e morfofisiologia das plantas de girassol ornamental em duas epócas de cultivo, refletem uma característica de alta plasticidade fenotípica dessa espécie. O cultivo de girassol ornamental sobre condições semiáridas em época de cultivo quando a temperatura do ar e radiação solar são altas, pode ser limitada devido às altas taxas de transpiração. Recomenda-se o cultivo de girassol ornamental em épocas de clima moderado em regiões semiáridas.

Published
2022

26. Seminal Plasma Does Not Influence Canine Semen Stored at 5°C for Long-Term Conservation

Author

Miriam Harumi Tsunemi, Michelle Silva Araujo, Fernanda Paulini, O. L. O. H. Paulo, Fabiana Ferreira de Souza, Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani, Camila de Paula Freitas Dell'Aqua, Frederico Ozanam Papa, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

Subjects
Male, Chemistry, Medicine (miscellaneous), Semen, macromolecular substances, Cell Biology, General Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Egg Yolk, Spermatozoa, Sperm, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Andrology, Dogs, Human fertilization, spermatozoa, dog, Sperm Motility, chilled, medicine, Animals, oxidative stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative stress, Semen Preservation
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T17:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-09 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Seminal plasma has several components that protect the sperm cells and assist in the fertilization process. In contrast, the exact role carried out by seminal plasma during the cooling of canine semen remains controversial. Moreover, concerning the long estrus period, the possibility to store chilled semen at 5 degrees C for more than 72 hours and maintain good sperm quality for additional inseminations could increase fertilization rates. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the seminal plasma influence on quality and oxidative stress of the extended canine semen stored at 5 degrees C for 7 days. Three ejaculate pools from eight healthy dogs were collected by digital manipulation of the penis. The sperm kinetics, sperm vitality (eosin/nigrosin stain), integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, morphology, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production, mitochondrial potential, lipid peroxidation, and oxygen reactive species production (induced and spontaneous thiobarbituric acid [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS] assay) were evaluated every 48 hours (M0, M48, M96, and M168) until 7 days (168 hours) in cooled extended (TRIS egg yolk) semen of dogs at 5 degrees C with (+SP) or without (-SP) autologous seminal plasma. No statistical difference was found for sperm kinetics in cooled samples with +SP and -SP during the experimental time period, except for the progressive motility of +SP samples that was higher at M48 than M96 (p = 0.023). The seminal plasma did not influence any other evaluated sperm characteristics. Finally, our results demonstrated that the presence or lack of seminal plasma during cooling the semen of dogs does not influence sperm quality at 5 degrees C. Moreover, the components of the semen extender may contribute to maintaining good sperm quality and low reactive oxygen species production during the long period of the dog's semen cooling, even after semen centrifugation. Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Surg & Anim Reprod, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18681681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Brasilia, Inst Biol Sci, Dept Physiol Sci, Brasilia, DF, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Reprod, Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Biosci Inst, Dept Biostat, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Fac Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Surg & Anim Reprod, Rua Prof Dr Walter Mauricio Correa S-N, BR-18681681 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Biosci Inst, Dept Biostat, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2017/02530-8 CAPES: 33004064086P1

Published
2022
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27. Method for quantification of antioxidant capacity of processed fruit juices exploring the formation of the Fe(II)/3-hydroxy-4-nitroso-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic complex

Author

de Souza, Maryane Woth and Moya, Horacio Dorigan

Subjects
Juices (Beverages) -- Nutritional aspects, Antioxidants (Nutrients) -- Identification and classification, Food testing -- Methods, Chemistry
Abstract

The formation of the Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] complex was used in a modified spectrophotometric method to quantify the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of processed fruit juice samples. The procedure is based on the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in aqueous buffered solution (Tris; pH 8.0) containing the 3-hydroxy-4-nitroso-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid ([H.sub.2]NRS). The absorbance values at 730 nm ([A.sub.730 nm]) of the Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] complex obtained with juice samples were compared with [A.sub.730 nm] values obtained with a standard ascorbic acid solution and then subsequently used to quantify and express the TAC of the samples. Good positive relationship between TAC values in the analysed samples (grape, orange, passion fruit, cashew, peach, and strawberry) was found for both the Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] complex method (proposed method) and [ABTS.sup.*+] radical-free method (used as reference method). The TAC values obtained with Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] and [ABTS.sup.*+] also showed a positive correlation with the Folin--Ciocalteu index values. Fructose, glucose, BHT, and BHA did not interfere in the TAC quantification of the processed fruit juice samples with the proposed method. However, ascorbic acid (natural or added as additive, E300) and its derivatives (E301, E302, E303, E315, and E316) did interfere positively. As a 10-fold dilution is required and the absorbance measurements are performed at 730 nm, the proposed method was not subject to colour interference from the tested samples. The procedure suggested here is simple, easy to perform, reproducible, does not use organic solvents, and does not need expensive equipment.Key words: processed juice, total antioxidant capacity, 3-hydroxy-4-nitroso-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, Fe(III).Nous avons utilise la formation du complexe de Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] dans une methode spectrophotometrique modifiee pour quantifier la capacite antioxydante totale (CAT) d'echantillons de jus de fruits transforme. La procedure repose sur la reduction du Fe(III) en Fe(II) dans une solution aqueuse tamponnee (Tris; pH 8,0) contenant un complexe d'acide 3-hydroxy-4-nitroso-2,7-naphtalenedisulfonique ([H.sub.2]NRS). Nous avons mesure l'absorbance a 730 nm ([A.sub.730 nm]) du complexe de Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] dans les echantillons de jus et avons compare les valeurs a celles obtenues a partir d'une solution standard d'acide ascorbique, puis nous avons utilise ces valeurs pour quantifier et exprimer la CAT des echantillons. Les valeurs de CAT des echantillons analyses (raisin, orange, fruit de la passion, noix de cajou, peche et fraise) ont presente une bonne relation positive entre les deux methodes, soit celle du complexe de Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] (methode proposee) et celle du radical libre [ABTS.sup.*+] (utilisee comme methode de reference). Les valeurs de CAT obtenues avec le Fe[(NRS).sub.3.sup.4-] et le [ABTS.sup.*+] ont egalement revele une correlation positive avec les valeurs de l'indice de Folin-Ciocalteu. Le fructose, le glucose, le BHT et le BHA n'ont pas interfere avec la quantification de la CAT des echantillons de jus de fruits transforme dans la methode proposee. Cependant, l'acide ascorbique (naturel ou ajoute sous forme d'additif E300) et ses derives (E301, E302, E303, E315 et E316) interferent de maniere positive. Puisque la methode proposee requiert une dilution par un facteur 10 et que les mesures d'absorbance se font a 730 nm, la couleur des echantillons testes ne risque pas de causer d'interferences. La procedure que nous presentons est simple, facile a realiser, reproductible et ne requiert aucun solvant organique ou equipement coûteux. [Traduit par la Redaction]Mots-cles : jus transforme, capacite antioxydante totale, acide 3-hydroxy-4-nitroso-2,7-naphtalenedisulfonique, Fe(III)., IntroductionThe so-called oxidative stress, which is attributed to the harmful effects caused by the excess of free radicals, can damage proteins and DNA and is also correlated with the generation [...]

Published
2019
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28. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Winkler, Manuela, Plichta, Roman, Buysse, Pauline, Lohila, Annalea, Spicher, Fabien, Boeckx, Pascal, Wild, Jan, Feigenwinter, Iris, Olejnik, Janusz, Risch, Anita, Khuroo, Anzar, Lynn, Joshua, di Cella, Umberto, Schmidt, Marius, Urbaniak, Marek, Marchesini, Luca, Govaert, Sanne, Uogintas, Domas, Assis, Rafael, Medinets, Volodymyr, Abdalaze, Otar, Varlagin, Andrej, Dolezal, Jiri, Myers, Jonathan, Randall, Krystal, Bauters, Marijn, Jimenez, Juan, Stoll, Stefan, Petraglia, Alessandro, Mazzolari, Ana, Ogaya, Romà, Tyystjärvi, Vilna, Hammerle, Albin, Wipf, Sonja, Lorite, Juan, Fanin, Nicolas, Benavides, Juan, Scholten, Thomas, Yu, Zicheng, Veen, G., Treier, Urs, Candan, Onur, Bell, Michael, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Siebicke, Lukas, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Eugster, Werner, Grelle, Achim, Stemkovski, Michael, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Matula, Radim, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Alatalo, Juha, Fenu, Giuseppe, Arzac, Alberto, Homeier, Jürgen, Porro, Francesco, Robinson, Sharon, Ghosn, Dany, Haugum, Siri, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Camargo, José, Zhao, Peng, Niittynen, Pekka, Liljebladh, Bengt, Normand, Signe, Dias, Arildo, Larson, Christian, Peichl, Matthias, Collier, Laura, Myers-Smith, Isla, Zong, Shengwei, Kašpar, Vít, Cooper, Elisabeth, Haider, Sylvia, von Oppen, Jonathan, Cutini, Maurizio, Benito-Alonso, José-Luis, Luoto, Miska, Klemedtsson, Leif, Higgens, Rebecca, Zhang, Jian, Speed, James, Nijs, Ivan, Macek, Martin, Steinwandter, Michael, Poyatos, Rafael, Niedrist, Georg, Curasi, Salvatore, Yang, Yan, Dengler, Jürgen, Géron, Charly, de Pablo, Miguel, Xenakis, Georgios, Kreyling, Juergen, Forte, Tai, Bailey, Joseph, Knohl, Alexander, Goulding, Keith, Wilkinson, Matthew, Kljun, Natascha, Roupsard, Olivier, Stiegler, Christian, Verbruggen, Erik, Wingate, Lisa, Lamprecht, Andrea, Hamid, Maroof, Rossi, Graziano, Descombes, Patrice, Hrbacek, Filip, Bjornsdottir, Katrin, Poulenard, Jérôme, Meeussen, Camille, Guénard, Benoit, Venn, Susanna, Dimarco, Romina, Man, Matěj, Scharnweber, Tobias, Chown, Steven, Pio, Casimiro, Way, Robert, Erickson, Todd, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Pușcaș, Mihai, Orsenigo, Simone, Di Musciano, Michele, Enquist, Brian, Newling, Emily, Tagesson, Torbern, Kemppinen, Julia, Serra-Diaz, Josep, Gottschall, Felix, Schuchardt, Max, Pitacco, Andrea, Jump, Alistair, Exton, Dan, Carnicer, Jofre, Aschero, Valeria, Urban, Anastasiya, Daskalova, Gergana, Santos, Cinthya, Goeckede, Mathias, Bruna, Josef, Andrews, Christopher, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Ewers, Robert, Pärtel, Meelis, Sagot, Clotilde, Herbst, Mathias, De Frenne, Pieter, Milbau, Ann, Gobin, Anne, Alexander, Jake, Kopecký, Martin, Buchmann, Nina, Kotowska, Martyna, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Penuelas, Josep, Gigauri, Khatuna, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Moiseev, Pavel, Jentsch, Anke, Klisz, Marcin, Barrio, Isabel, Ammann, Christof, Panov, Alexey, Van Geel, Maarten, Finckh, Manfred, Vaccari, Francesco, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Backes, Amanda, Robroek, Bjorn, Campoe, Otávio, Ahmadian, Negar, Boike, Julia, Thomas, Haydn, Pastor, Ada, Smith, Stuart, Pauli, Harald, Kollár, Jozef, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Michaletz, Sean, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, Urban, Josef, Greenwood, Sarah, Lens, Luc, Van de Vondel, Stijn, Vitale, Luca, Remmele, Sabine, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Meusburger, Katrin, Cremonese, Edoardo, Barros, Agustina, Bokhorst, Stef, Svátek, Martin, Allonsius, Camille, Høye, Toke, Smiljanic, Marko, Hik, David, Canessa, Rafaella, van den Hoogen, Johan, Altman, Jan, Björkman, Mats, Cesarz, Simone, Blonder, Benjamin, Kazakis, George, Opedal, Øystein, Assmann, Jakob, Tanentzap, Andrew, Sidenko, Nikita, le Maire, Guerric, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Montagnani, Leonardo, Muffler, Lena, Hederová, Lucia, Rubtsov, Alexey, Pauchard, Aníbal, Tielbörger, Katja, Sørensen, Mia, Crowther, Thomas, Remmers, Wolfram, Pitteloud, Camille, Zyryanov, Viacheslav, Nilsson, Matts, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Sallo-Bravo, Jhonatan, Moiseev, Dmitry, Spasojevic, Marko, Haase, Peter, Pearse, William, Tutton, Rosamond, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Siqueira, David, Ardö, Jonas, Nardino, Marianna, Tomaselli, Marcello, Pavelka, Marian, García, Rafael, Nosetto, Marcelo, Bon, Matteo, Semenchuk, Philipp, Choler, Philippe, Scott, Tony, Halbritter, Aud, Dušek, Jiří, Mackenzie, Roy, Stanisci, Angela, Nouvellon, Yann, Kovács, Bence, Haesen, Stef, Veenendaal, Elmar, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Verheijen, Frank, de Andrade, Ana, Verbeeck, Hans, Bader, Maaike, RENAULT, David, Zimmermann, Reiner, Ferlian, Olga, Medinets, Sergiy, Walz, Josefine, Rossi, Christian, Rocha, Adrian, Lembrechts, Jonas, Jactel, Hervé, Brum, Barbara, Aartsma, Peter, Kobler, Johannes, Eisenhauer, Nico, Bjerke, Jarle, Pellissier, Loïc, Ueyama, Masahito, Manca, Giovanni, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Meysman, Filip, Niessner, Armin, Curtis, Robin, Six, Johan, Saccone, Patrick, Wang, Runxi, Ahrends, Antje, Okello, Joseph, Kolle, Olaf, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Laska, Kamil, Freeman, Erika, Di Cecco, Valter, Ashcroft, Michael, Steinbauer, Klaus, Della Chiesa, Stefano, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Herberich, Maximiliane, Loubet, Benjamin, Barančok, Peter, Hermanutz, Luise, Souza, Bartolomeu, Contador, Tamara, Zhang, Zhaochen, Aerts, Rien, Stephan, Jörg, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Manco, Antonio, Larson, Keith, Mondoni, Andrea, Palaj, Andrej, Schmeddes, Jonas, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Järveoja, Järvi, Manise, Tanguy, Barthel, Matti, Marciniak, Felipe, Weigel, Robert, Rixen, Christian, Turtureanu, Pavel, Hoffrén, Raúl, Iwata, Hiroki, Vittoz, Pascal, Wedegärtner, Ronja, Penczykowski, Rachel, Phartyal, Shyam, Sitková, Zuzana, Nagy, Laszlo, Ujházy, Karol, Heinesch, Bernard, Berauer, Bernd, Ogée, Jérôme, Malfasi, Francesco, Greise, Caroline, Helfter, Carole, Mosedale, Jonathan, Senior, Rebecca, Magliulo, Enzo, Nuñez, Martin, García, María, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Carbognani, Michele, Thomas, Andrew, Eklundh, Lars, Erfanian, Mohammad, Villar, Luis, Maier, Regine, Dahlberg, C., Guglielmin, Mauro, Jucker, Tommaso, Kelly, Julia, Olesen, Jørgen, Lang, Simone, Tanneberger, Franziska, Gharun, Mana, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Convey, Peter, Aalto, Juha, Scheffers, Brett, Ujházyová, Mariana, Andres, Christian, Arriga, Nicola, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Kanka, Róbert, Dick, Jan, Leihy, Rachel, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Maclean, Ilya, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Pampuch, Timo, Čiliak, Marek, Guillemot, Joannès, Sarneel, Judith, Souza, José, Svoboda, Miroslav, Björk, Robert, Merinero, Sonia, Zellweger, Florian, Simpson, Elizabeth, Cannone, Nicoletta, Abedi, Mehdi, Seipel, Tim, Klinges, David, Máliš, František, Basham, Edmund, Sewerniak, Piotr, Schwartz, Naomi, Trouillier, Mario, Vandvik, Vigdis, Shekhar, Ankit, Munoz-Rojas, Miriam, Nicklas, Lena, Goded, Ignacio, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Radujković, Dajana, Yu, Kailiang, Phoenix, Gareth, Cifuentes, Edgar, Seeber, Julia, Deronde, Bart, Lenoir, Jonathan, Frei, Esther, Wilmking, Martin, Hylander, Kristoffer, Graae, Bente, Calzado, M., Wang, Yifeng, Hampe, Arndt, Somers, Ben, Mörsdorf, Martin, Jastrzebowski, Szymon, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 12P1819N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), ANR-13-ISV7-0004,ODYSSEE,De nouvelles voies pour la modélisation des dynamiques d'assemblages d'espèces intégrant l'écologie et l'évolution: le cas des écosystèmes de montagne des Alpes et des Carpates(2013), ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), European Project: 774124 , H2020,H2020-SFS-2017-2,SUPER-G (2018), European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 641918,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,AfricanBioServices(2015), European Project: 678841,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,NICH(2016), European Project: 871128,eLTER PLUS (2020), European Project: 861974, H2020,SOCIETAL CHALLENGES - Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine, maritime and inland water research, and the bioeconomy,SustainSahel(2020), Lembrechts, Jonas J [0000-0002-1933-0750], van den Hoogen, Johan [0000-0001-6624-8461], Aalto, Juha [0000-0001-6819-4911], De Frenne, Pieter [0000-0002-8613-0943], Kemppinen, Julia [0000-0001-7521-7229], Kopecký, Martin [0000-0002-1018-9316], Luoto, Miska [0000-0001-6203-5143], Maclean, Ilya MD [0000-0001-8030-9136], Crowther, Thomas W [0000-0001-5674-8913], Bailey, Joseph J [0000-0002-9526-7095], Haesen, Stef [0000-0002-4491-4213], Klinges, David H [0000-0002-7900-9379], Niittynen, Pekka [0000-0002-7290-029X], Scheffers, Brett R [0000-0003-2423-3821], Van Meerbeek, Koenraad [0000-0002-9260-3815], Aartsma, Peter [0000-0001-5086-856X], Abdalaze, Otar [0000-0001-8140-0900], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Aerts, Rien [0000-0001-6694-0669], Ahmadian, Negar [0000-0002-7427-7198], Ahrends, Antje [0000-0002-5083-7760], Alatalo, Juha M [0000-0001-5084-850X], Alexander, Jake M [0000-0003-2226-7913], Allonsius, Camille Nina [0000-0003-2599-9941], Altman, Jan [0000-0003-4879-5773], Ammann, Christof [0000-0002-0783-5444], Andres, Christian [0000-0003-0576-6446], Andrews, Christopher [0000-0003-2428-272X], Ardö, Jonas [0000-0002-9318-0973], Arriga, Nicola [0000-0001-5321-3497], Arzac, Alberto [0000-0002-3361-5349], Aschero, Valeria [0000-0003-3865-4133], Assis, Rafael L [0000-0001-8468-6414], Assmann, Jakob Johann [0000-0002-3492-8419], Bader, Maaike Y [0000-0003-4300-7598], Bahalkeh, Khadijeh [0000-0003-1485-0316], Barančok, Peter [0000-0003-1171-2524], Barrio, Isabel C [0000-0002-8120-5248], Barros, Agustina [0000-0002-6810-2391], Basham, Edmund W [0000-0002-0167-7908], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Bazzichetto, Manuele [0000-0002-9874-5064], Marchesini, Luca Belelli [0000-0001-8408-4675], Bell, Michael C [0000-0002-3401-7746], Benavides, Juan C [0000-0002-9694-2195], Benito Alonso, José Luis [0000-0003-1086-8834], Berauer, Bernd J [0000-0002-9472-1532], Bjerke, Jarle W [0000-0003-2721-1492], Björk, Robert G [0000-0001-7346-666X], Björkman, Mats P [0000-0001-5768-1976], Björnsdóttir, Katrin [0000-0001-7421-9441], Blonder, Benjamin [0000-0002-5061-2385], Boeckx, Pascal 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[0000-0002-8597-8221], Dahlberg, C Johan [0000-0003-0271-3306], Daskalova, Gergana N [0000-0002-5674-5322], de Pablo, Miguel Angel [0000-0002-4496-2741], Della Chiesa, Stefano [0000-0002-6693-2199], Dengler, Jürgen [0000-0003-3221-660X], Descombes, Patrice [0000-0002-3760-9907], Di Cecco, Valter [0000-0001-9862-1267], Di Musciano, Michele [0000-0002-3130-7270], Dick, Jan [0000-0002-4180-9338], Dolezal, Jiri [0000-0002-5829-4051], Dorrepaal, Ellen [0000-0002-0523-2471], Dušek, Jiří [0000-0001-6119-0838], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Eklundh, Lars [0000-0001-7644-6517], Erickson, Todd E [0000-0003-4537-0251], Erschbamer, Brigitta [0000-0002-6792-1395], Eugster, Werner [0000-0001-6067-0741], Exton, Dan A [0000-0001-8885-5828], Fanin, Nicolas [0000-0003-4195-855X], Fazlioglu, Fatih [0000-0002-4723-3640], Feigenwinter, Iris [0000-0001-7493-6790], Fenu, Giuseppe [0000-0003-4762-5043], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo [0000-0002-4743-9577], Finckh, 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Wilkinson, Matthew [0000-0002-3858-553X], Wilmking, Martin [0000-0003-4964-2402], Wingate, Lisa [0000-0003-1921-1556], Winkler, Manuela [0000-0002-8655-9555], Wipf, Sonja [0000-0002-3492-1399], Wohlfahrt, Georg [0000-0003-3080-6702], Xenakis, Georgios [0000-0002-2950-4101], Yang, Yan [0000-0003-0858-7603], Yu, Zicheng [0000-0003-2358-2712], Yu, Kailiang [0000-0003-4223-5169], Zellweger, Florian [0000-0003-1265-9147], Zhang, Jian [0000-0003-0589-6267], Zhao, Peng [0000-0003-3289-5067], Ziemblińska, Klaudia [0000-0003-4070-6553], Zimmermann, Reiner [0000-0002-8724-941X], Zong, Shengwei [0000-0002-3583-6110], Zyryanov, Viacheslav I [0000-0002-1748-4801], Nijs, Ivan [0000-0003-3111-680X], Lenoir, Jonathan [0000-0003-0638-9582], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Biology (University of Antwerp), and University of Antwerp (UA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Q1, 01 natural sciences, Global map, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Soil temperature, Zone climatique, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, bioclimatic variables, global maps, microclimate, near-surface temperatures, soil temperature, soil-dwelling organisms, temperature offset, weather stations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GB, Geology, PE&RC, 6. Clean water, Near-surface soil temperature, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 551: Geologie und Hydrologie, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Température du sol, Near-surface temperature, Near-surface temperatures, Biologie, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, MITIGATION, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology|Climate, Bioclimatic variables, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, 577: Ökologie, Biology, Ecosystem, Ekologi, Changement climatique, Cartographie, Biology and Life Sciences, Microclimate, 15. Life on land, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences|Environmental Monitoring, Agriculture and Soil Science, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Temperature offset, Weather stations, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, bepress|Life Sciences, ddc:550, Geología, Ecology, Temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biological Sciences, FOREST, Weather station, Variation saisonnière, Chemistry, Bioclimatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, 1171 Geosciences, Technology and Engineering, Climate Change, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, MOISTURE, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, PERMAFROST, ddc:570, SUITABILITY, G1, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Global maps, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Environmental Chemistry, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Soil-dwelling organisms, Aquatic Ecology, P30 - Sciences et aménagement du sol, Bioclimatic variable, SNOW-COVER, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Soil Science, Earth sciences, PLANT-RESPONSES, CLIMATIC CONTROLS, Soil-dwelling organism, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Réchauffement global, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

JJL received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grant nr. 12P1819N). The project received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grants nrs, G018919N, W001919N). JVDH and TWC received funding from DOB Ecology. JA received funding from the University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM, grant nr. 7510145) and Academy of Finland Flagship (grant no. 337552). PDF, CM and PV received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Starting Grant FORMICA 757833). JK received funding from the Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu and Academy of Finland (318930, Profi 4), Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet and Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. MK received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). TWC received funding from National Geographic Society grant no. 9480-14 and WW-240R-17. MA received funding from CISSC (program ICRP (grant nr:2397) and INSF (grant nr: 96005914). The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. JMA received funding from the Funding Org. Qatar Petroleum (grant nr. QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19). JMA received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant no. 678841) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_176044). JA was supported by research grants LTAUSA19137 (program INTER-EXCELLENCE, subprogram INTER-ACTION) provided by Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and 20-05840Y of the Czech Science Foundation. AA was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant FSRZ-2020-0014). SN, UAT, JJA, and JvO received funding from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (7027-00133B). LvdB, KT, MYB and RC acknowledge funding from the German Research Foundation within the Priority Program SPP-1803 'EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota' (grant TI 338/14-1&2 and BA 3843/6-1). PB was supported by grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences No. 2/0132/18. Forest Research received funding from the Forestry Commission (climate change research programme). JCB acknowledges the support of Universidad Javeriana. JLBA received funding from the Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon; JLBA acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Ana Acin, the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, and the Servicio de Medio Ambiente de Soria de la Junta de Castilla y Leon. RGB and MPB received funding from BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate. MPB received funding from The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 657627 and The Swedish Research Council FORMAS - future research leaders No. 2016-01187. JB received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). NB received funding from the SNF (grant numbers 40FA40_154245, 20FI21_148992, 20FI20_173691, 407340_172433) and from the EU (contract no. 774124). ICOS EU research infrastructure. EU FP7 NitroEurope. EU FP7 ECLAIRE. The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. This is the study 829 of the BDFFP Technical Series. to The EUCFLUX Cooperative Research Program and Forest Science and Research Institute-IPEF. NC acknowledges funding by Stelvio National Park. JC was funded by the Spanish government grant CGL2016-78093-R. ANID-FONDECYT 1181745 AND INSTITUTO ANTARTICO CHILENO (INACH FR-0418). SC received funding from the German Research Foundation (grant no. DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). The National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project. SLC received funding from the South African National Research Foundation and the Australian Research Council. FM, M, KU and MU received funding from Slovak Research and Development Agency (no. APVV-19-0319). Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH_RT-48_16), Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio Nucleo Milenio de Salmonidos Invasores INVASAL, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008. PC is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS 'Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation Team. EJC received funding from the Norwegian Research Council (grant number 230970). GND was supported by NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant (NE/L002558/1) at the University of Edinburgh and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. Monitoring stations on Livingston Island, Antarctica, were funded by different research projects of the Gobern of Spain (PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E; ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E; PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R), and the PERMATHERMAL arrangement between the University of Alcala and the Spanish Polar Committee. GN received funding from the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA). The infrastructure, part of the UK Environmental Change Network, was funded historically in part by ScotNature and NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE; NE/R016429/1). JD was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA17-19376S) and MSMT (LTAUSA18007). ED received funding from the Kempe Foundation (JCK-1112 and JCK-1822). The infrastructure was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I), grant number LO1415 and by the project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS Reg. No. LM2015061. NE received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). BE received funding from the GLORIA-EU project no EVK2-CT2000-00056, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), from the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds and from the University of Innsbruck. RME was supported by funding to the SAFE Project from the Sime Darby Foundation. OF received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). EFP was supported by the Jardin Botanico Atlantico (SV-20-GIJON-JBA). MF was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the context of The Future Okavango (Grant No. 01LL0912) and SASSCAL (01LG1201M; 01LG1201N) projects. EFL received funding from ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. RAG received funding from Fondecyt 11170516, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MBG received funding from National Parks (DYNBIO, #1656/2015) and The Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON, #CGL2017-90040-R). MG received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691). FG received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). KG and TS received funding from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (grant = 206/D16053). SG was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (project G0H1517N). KJ and PH received funding from the EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS (871128), the project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung, project number 858024) and the Austrian Climate Research Program (ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960). SH and ARB received funding through iDiv funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). LH received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). MH received funding from the Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts via the project DRIeR (Drought impacts, processes and resilience: making the in-visible visible). LH received funding from International Polar Year, Weston Foundation, and ArcticNet. DH received funding from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (Canada) (RGPIN-06691). TTH received funding from Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant no. 8021-00423B) and Villum Foundation (grant no. 17523). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078, VAN2020/01 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). KH, CG and CJD received funding from Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University and from the Swedish research council Formas [grant n:o 2014-00530 to KH]. JJ received funding from the Funding Org. Swedish Forest Society Foundation (grant nr. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant nr. 2018-00792). AJ received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (Grant Nr. FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS) and the Oberfrankenstiftung (Grant Nr. OFS FP00237). ISJ received funding from the Energy Research Fund (NYR-11 - 2019, NYR-18 - 2020). TJ was supported by a UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant number: NE/S01537X/1). RJ received funding from National Science Centre of Poland (grant number: 2016/21/B/ST10/02271) and Polish National Centre for Research and Development (grant number: Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013). VK received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). AAK received funding from MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project F. No. 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax). NK received funding from FORMAS (grants nr. 2018-01781, 2018-02700, 2019-00836), VR, support from the research infrastructure ICOS-SE. BK received funding from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary (grant nr. K128441). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). Project B1-RNM-163-UGR-18-Programa Operativo FEDER 2018, partially funded data collection. Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants #184912 and #244525) awarded to Vigdis Vandvik. MM received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). Project CONICYT-PAI 79170119 and ANID-MPG 190029 awarded to Roy Mackenzie. This work was partly funded by project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA. RM received funding from the SNF project number 407340_172433. FM received funding from the Stelvio National Park. PM received funding from AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme supported by the Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration (grant agreement no 609033) and the Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark. RM received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LTT17033). SM and VM received funding from EU FP6 NitroEurope (grant nr. 17841), EU FP7 ECLAIRE (grant nr. 282910), the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (projects nr. 505, 550, 574, 602), GEF-UNEP funded "Toward INMS" project (grant nr. NEC05348) and ENI CBC BSB PONTOS (grant nr. BSB 889). The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. FJRM was financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI grant 016.VICI.170.072) and Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO grant S000619N). STM received funding from New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration (grant nr. NFRF-2018-02043) and NSERC Discovery. MMR received funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (grant nr. DE180100570). JAM received funding from the National Science Foundation (DEB 1557094), International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, ForestGEO, and Tyson Research Center. IM-S was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project (NE/M016323/1). MBN received funding from FORMAS, VR, Kempe Foundations support from the research infrastructures ICOS and SITES. MDN received funding from CONICET (grant nr. PIP 112-201501-00609). Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00 and Catalan government grant 2017-1005. French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Cluster of Excellence COTE (project HydroBeech, ANR-10-LABX-45). VLIR-OUS, under the Institutional University Coorperation programme (IUC) with Mountains of the Moon University. Project LAS III 77/2017/B entitled: \"Estimation of net carbon dioxide fluxes exchanged between the forest ecosystem on post-agricultural land and between the tornado-damaged forest area and the atmosphere using spectroscopic and numerical methods\", source of funding: General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland. Max Planck Society (Germany), RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-45-242908. Estonian Research Council (PRG609), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). Canada-Denmark Arctic Research Station Early Career Scientist Exchange Program, from Polar knowledge Canada (POLAR) and the Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education. AP received funding from Fondecyt 1180205, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MP received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant nr. 2015.0047), and acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (VR) with contributing research institutes to both the SITES and ICOS Sweden infrastructures. JP and RO were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00, the fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, and the Catalan government grant 2017-1005. MPB received funding from the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund (grant project number 15/128) and the Research Council of Norway (Arctic Field Grant, project number 269957). RP received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant INTER-TRANSFER nr. LTT20017). LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes; Federation FREE-Alpes. RP received funding from a Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers. Prokushkin AS and Zyryanov VI contribution has been supported by the RFBR grant #18-05-60203-Arktika. RPu received founding from the Polish National Science Centre (grant project number 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316). ODYSSEE project (ANR-13-ISV7-0004, PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012). KR was supported through an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Fieldwork was supported by the Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, the ARC the Australian Antarctic Division and INACH. DR was funded by the project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' (ANR-20-EBI5-0004). SAR received funding from the Australian Research Council. NSF grant #1556772 to the University of Notre Dame. Pavia University (Italy). OR received funding from EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II), EU-DESIRA (CASSECS), EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS and TOTAL Foundations (DSCATT), CGIAR (GLDC). AR was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 18-74-10048). Parc national des Ecrins. JS received funding from Vetenskapsradet grant nr (No: 2014-04270), ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project (LIFE08 NAT/S/000266), Flexpeil. Helmholtz Association long-term research program TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories). PS received funding from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant nr. N N305 304840). AS acknowledges funding by ETH Zurich project FEVER ETH-27 19-1. LSC received funding from NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program; LSC was also supported by ArcticNet-NCE (insert grant #). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (141513/2017-9); FundacAo Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (E26/200.84/2019). ZS received funding from the SRDA (grants nos. APVV-16-0325 and APVV-20-0365) and from the ERDF (grant no. ITMS 313011S735, CE LignoSilva). JS, MB and CA received funding from core budget of ETH Zurich. State excellence Program M-V \"WETSCAPES\". AfricanBioServices project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 grant number 641918. The authors from KIT/IMK-IFU acknowledge the funding received within the German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association and from the Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health (UGV06080204000). Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project number 192626868, in the framework of the collaborative German-Indonesian research project CRC 990 (SFB): 'EFForTS, Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)'. MS received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant nr. INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018). TT received funding from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB Dnr 95/16) and the CASSECS project supported by the European Union. HJDT received funding from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC doctoral training partnership grant NE/L002558/1). German Science Foundation (DFG) GraKo 2010 \"Response\". PDT received funding from the MEMOIRE project (PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925). Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865). JU received funding from Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 21-11487S). TU received funding from the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research (CCCDI - UEFISCDI -project PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 and PN2019-2022/19270201-Ctr. 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV). AV acknowledge funding from RSF, project 21-14-00209. GFV received funding from the Dutch Research Council NWO (Veni grant, no. 863.14.013). Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award DE140101611. FGAV received funding from the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) under CEECIND/02509/2018, CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), FCT/MCTES through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park. MVI received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a doctoral grant (FPU17/05869). JW received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). CR and SW received funding from the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and the de Giacomi foundation. YY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41861134039 and 41941015). ZY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nr. 41877458). FZ received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nr. 172198 and 193645). PZ received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant no. 2015.0047). JL received funding from (i) the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under the framework of the young investigators (JCJC) funding instrument (ANR JCJC Grant project NoANR-19-CE32-0005-01: IMPRINT) (ii) the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (Defi INFINITI 2018: MORFO); and the Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE). Fieldwork in the Arctic got facilitated by funding from the EU INTERACT program. SN, UAT, JJA and JvO would like to thank the field team of the Vegetation Dynamics group for their efforts and hard work. We acknowledge Dominique Tristan for letting access to the field. For the logistic support the crew of INACH and Gabriel de Castilla Station team on Deception Island. We thank the Inuvialuit and Kluane First Nations for the opportunity to work on their land. MAdP acknowledges fieldwork assistance and logistics support to Unidad de Tecnologia Marina CSIC, and the crew of Juan Carlos I and Gabriel de Castilla Spanish Antarctic Stations, as well as to the different colleagues from UAH that helped on the instrument maintenance. ERF acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Martin Heggli. MBG acknowledges fieldwork and technical assistance by P Abadia, C Benede, P Bravo, J Gomez, M Grasa, R Jimenez, H Miranda, B Ponz, J Revilla and P Tejero and the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park staff. LH acknowledges field assistance by John Jacobs, Andrew Trant, Robert Way, Darroch Whitaker; we acknowledge the Inuit of Nunatsiavut, and the Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park for their support of this project and acknowledge that the field research was conducted on their traditional lands. We thank our many bear guides, especially Boonie, Eli, Herman, John and Maria Merkuratsuk. AAK acknowledges field support of Akhtar Malik, Rameez Ahmad. Part of microclimatic records from Saxony was funded by the Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration. Tyson Research Center. JP acknowledges field support of Emmanuel Malet (Edytem) and Rangers of Reserves Naturelles de Haute-Savoie (ASTERS). Practical help: Roel H. Janssen, N. Huig, E. Bakker, Schools in the tepaseforsoket, Forskar fredag, Erik Herberg. The support by the Bavarian Forest National Park administration is highly appreciated. LvdB acknowledges CONAF and onsite support from the park rangers from PN Pan de Azucar, PN La Campana, PN Nahuelbuta and from communidad agricola Quebrada de Talca. JL and FS acknowledge Manuel Nicolas and all forest officers from the Office National des Forets (ONF) who are in charge of the RENECOFOR network and who provided help and local support for the installation and maintenance of temperature loggers in the field., Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 p ixels ( summarized f rom 8 519 u nique t emperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications., FWO G018919N W001919N 12P1819N, DOB Ecology, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM) 7510145, European Research Council (ERC) FORMICA 757833, Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu, Academy of Finland 318930 337552, Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet, Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-28119S 20-05840Y GA17-19376S 21-11487S, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO 67985939, National Geographic Society 9480-14 WW-240R-17, CISSC (program ICRP) 2397, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) 96005914, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division, Qatar Petroleum QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 678841, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), European Commission 172198 193645 31003A_176044, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA19137, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation FSRZ-2020-0014, Independent Research Fund Denmark 8021-00423B 7027-00133B, German Research Foundation (DFG) DFG- FZT 118 202548816 TI 338/14-1 TI 338/14-2 BA 3843/6-1, grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic Slovak Academy of Sciences 2/0132/18, Forestry Commission, Universidad Javeriana, Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant 657627 SNF 407340_172433 40FA40_154245 20FI21_148992 20FI20_173691, European Commission 17841 774124, MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT 68/2013, Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal', Spanish Government, European Commission CGL2016-78093-R, ANID-FONDECYT 1181745, National Science Foundation, Poland UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228, National Research Foundation - South Africa, Australian Research Council, Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV-19-0319, Instituto Antartico Chileno INACH_RT-48_16 INACH FR-0418, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008 PIA AFB170008, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Research Council of Norway, European Commission 230970, NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant at the University of Edinburgh NE/L002558/1, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Gobern of Spain PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R, University of Alcala, Spanish Polar Committee, Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), ScotNature, NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE NE/R016429/1, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA18007, Kempe Foundation JCK-1112 JCK-1822, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I) LO1415, project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS LM2015061 GLORIA-EU EVK2-CT2000-00056, Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds, University of Innsbruck, Sime Darby Foundation, Jardin Botanico Atlantico SV-20-GIJON-JBA, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 01LL0912 01LG1201M 01LG1201N, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 11170516 1180205, ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006, National Parks (DYNBIO) 1656/2015, Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON) CGL2017-90040-R, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 20FI20_173691, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 206/D16053 FWO G0H1517N, EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS 871128, project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung) 858024, Austrian Climate Research Program ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960, iDiv by the German Research Foundation DFG- FZT 118 202548816, Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts, Weston Foundation, ArcticNet, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-06691, Villum Foundation 17523, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LM2015078 VAN2020/01 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708 LTT17033 LTT20017 INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Swedish Research Council Swedish Research Council Formas 2014-00530 2018-00792 2016-01187, Swedish Forest Society Foundation 2018-485-Steg 2 2017, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS, Oberfrankenstiftung OFS FP00237, Energy Research Fund NYR-11 - 2019 NYR-18 - 2020, UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship NE/S01537X/1, National Science Centre, Poland 2016/21/B/ST10/02271, Polish National Centre for Research and Development Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013, MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project) 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax, Swedish Research Council Formas 2018-01781 2018-02700 2019-00836, research infrastructure ICOS-SE, National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary K128441, Programa Operativo FEDER 2018 B1-RNM-163-UGR-18, Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants) 184912 244525, CONICYT-PAI 79170119, ANID-MPG 190029, project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA, Stelvio National Park, AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme - Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration 609033, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark, EU FP6 NitroEurope 17841, EU FP7 ECLAIRE 282910, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine 505 550 574 602, GEF-UNEP NEC05348, ENI CBC BSB PONTOS BSB 889, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 016.VICI.170.072, New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration NFRF-2018-02043, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Australian Research Council DE180100570, National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 1557094, International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Tyson Research Center, UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project NE/M016323/1, Swedish Research Council Formas Swedish Research Council, Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure ICOS Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure SITES, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) PIP 112-201501-00609, Spanish Government PID2019-110521GB-I00, Catalan government 2017-1005, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-10-LABX-45, General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland, Max Planck Society, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), Krasnoyarsk Territory Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science 20-45-242908, Estonian Research Council PRG609, Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation 2015.0047, Swedish Research Council, fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund 15/128, Research Council of Norway 269957, Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) 18-05-60203-Arktika, Polish National Science Centre 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316, ODYSSEE project (PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012) ANR-13-ISV7-0004, Australian Government, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, ARC the Australian Antarctic Division, INACH, project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' ANR-20-EBI5-0004, National Science Foundation (NSF) 1556772, EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II) EU-DESIRA (CASSECS) EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS, Total SA, CGIAR, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 18-74-10048, Swedish Research Council 2014-04270, ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project LIFE08 NAT/S/000266, Flexpeil, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N N305 304840, ETH Zurich FEVER ETH-27 19-1, NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program, ArcticNet-NCE, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 141513/2017-9, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) E26/200.84/2019, SRDA APVV-16-0325 APVV-20-0365, ERDF (CE LignoSilva) ITMS 313011S735, ETH Zurich, EU Horizon 2020 641918, German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association, Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health UGV06080204000 German Research Foundation (DFG) 192626868, Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) 95/16, CASSECS project by the European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/L002558/1, MEMOIRE project PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925, Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) JPMXD1420318865, Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS), Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 PN2019-2022/19270201, 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 21-14-00209., Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 863.14.013, Australian Research Council DE140101611, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology CEECIND/02509/2018 CESAM UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European Commission, FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, Compete 2020, Spanish Government FPU17/05869, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Giacomi foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41861134039 41941015 41877458, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-19-CE32-0005-01 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE), EU INTERACT program, Inuit of Nunatsiavut, Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park, Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration, Bavarian Forest National Park administration, BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO) S000619N

Published
2021
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29. CLINICAL VARIANTS OF PRESUMED ACUTE FOVEALITIS

Author

Remo Turchetti Moraes, Eduardo Cunha de Souza, Raul N. G. Vianna, and Lucas Silveira Moraes

Subjects
Fovea Centralis, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual acuity, genetic structures, Visual Acuity, Foveola, Lesion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Foveal, Ophthalmology, Electroretinography, medicine, Humans, Fluorescein Angiography, External limiting membrane, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retinal, General Medicine, Fluorescein angiography, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Visual Disturbance, Female, sense organs, medicine.symptom, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence
Abstract

PURPOSE To describe four eyes of three patients with presumed acute fovealitis to expand the clinical variants of this recently described disorder. METHOD The patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including multimodal imaging and electrophysiological tests. RESULTS Three female patients aged from 18 to 24 years presented sudden central visual disturbances in one or both eyes. The visual acuity ranged from 20/25 to 20/70 in the affected eyes. All of them showed a subtle yellowish lesion in the foveola. Fundus autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography were unremarkable. Optical coherence tomography disclosed focal disarrangement of the outer retinal layers restricted to the fovea and hyperrefective lesions above the external limiting membrane. Multifocal electroretinography responses were attenuated. The electrooculogram response was normal. All patients recovered normal visual acuity and the outer retinal layers. CONCLUSION Attenuated multifocal electroretinography foveal response and normal electrooculogram are newly described clinical findings in patients with acute fovealitis.

Published
2022
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30. In vitro Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation: Scanning electron microscopy and cytotoxic analysis

Author

Luciene Airy Nagashima, Ayako Sano, Eiko Nakagawa Itano, Mario Augusto Ono, Janneth Josefina Escobar Arcos, Celso Vataru Nakamura, and Bianca Dorana de Oliveira Souza

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), General Immunology and Microbiology, Plant Extracts, Chemistry, Scanning electron microscope, fungi, Biofilm, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, In vitro, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Immune system, Ascomycota, Cell culture, Biofilms, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Macrophage, Cytotoxicity
Abstract

To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of Arthrographis kalrae biofilm formation in vitro by scanning electron microscopy and the distinct cytotoxic activity between planktonic and biofilm extracts on RAW 264.7 cell line. Higher activity was observed with biofilm. It could impact host immune response, that require furthers study.

Published
2022
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31. Prospective Study on Microencapsulation of Oils and Its Application in Foodstuffs

Author

Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado, Vanessa de Lima Silva, Tayane de Jesus Freitas, Tainara Santos Oliveira, Ismara Santos Rocha Conceição, Itaciara Larroza Nunes, Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro, Larissa Santos Assunção, and Deborah Murowaniecki Otero

Subjects
food.ingredient, Food industry, business.industry, General Engineering, Industrial property, Capsules, Condensed Matter Physics, Rice flour, Wall material, Modified starch, Biotechnology, Patents as Topic, Patent application, Gum Arabic, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, chemistry, Spray drying, Plant Oils, Gum arabic, General Materials Science, Prospective Studies, business
Abstract

Background: Edible oils have gained the interest of several industrial sectors for the different health benefits they offer, such as the supply of bioactive compounds and essential fatty acids. Microencapsulation is one of the techniques that has been adopted by industries to minimize the degradation of oils, facilitating their processing. Objective: To evaluate the intellectual property related to patent documents referring to microencapsulated oils used in foods. Methods and Results: This prospective study investigated the dynamics of patents filed in the Espacenet and National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) databases, and it mapped technological developments in microencapsulation in comparison with scientific literature. The years 2015 and 2018 showed the greatest growth in the number of patents filed in the Espacenet and INPI databases, respectively, with China leading the domains of origin, inventors, and owners of microencapsulation technology. The largest number of applications of microcapsules were observed in the food industry, and the foods containing microencapsulated oils were powdered seasonings, dairy products, rice flour, nutritional formulae, pasta, nutritional supplements, and bread. The increase in oxidative stabilities of oils was the most cited objective to microencapsulate oils. Spray drying was the most widely used microencapsulation technique, and maltodextrin, gum arabic, and modified starch were the most widely used wall materials. Conclusion: Microencapsulation of oils has been expanding over the years and increasing the possibilities of the use of microcapsules, but further investments and development of policies and incentive programs to boost this technology need to be made in less developed countries. For future perspectives, the microencapsulation technique is already a worldwide trend in the food industry, enabling the development of new products to facilitate their insertion in the consumer market.

Published
2022
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32. Clozapine induces astrocyte-dependent FDG-PET hypometabolism

Author

Luc Pellerin, Pedro Rosa Neto, Luiza Santos Machado, Gianina Teribele Venturin, Igor C. Fontana, Débora Guerini Souza, Eduardo R. Zimmer, Fernanda Urruth Fontella, Jaderson Costa da Costa, Diogo O. Souza, Bruna Bellaver, Manoela L. Schiavenin, Guilherme Schu, Diogo Miron, Andreia Silva da Rocha, and Samuel Greggio

Subjects
Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, Glutamic Acid, General Medicine, Rats, Glucose, medicine.anatomical_structure, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Astrocytes, Positron-Emission Tomography, medicine, Animals, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Rats, Wistar, Clozapine, Astrocyte, medicine.drug
Abstract

Purpose Advances in functional imaging allowed us to visualize brain glucose metabolism in vivo and non-invasively with [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In the past decades, FDG-PET has been instrumental in the understanding of brain function in health and disease. The source of the FDG-PET signal has been attributed to neuronal uptake, with hypometabolism being considered as a direct index of neuronal dysfunction or death. However, other brain cells are also metabolically active, including astrocytes. Based on the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, the activation of the glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) acts as a trigger for glucose uptake by astrocytes. With this in mind, we investigated glucose utilization changes after pharmacologically downregulating GLT-1 with clozapine (CLO), an antipsychotic drug. Methods Adult male Wistar rats (control, n = 14; CLO, n = 12) received CLO (25/35mg kg−1) for six weeks. CLO effects were evaluated in vivo with FDG-PET and cortical tissue was used to evaluate glutamate uptake, GLT-1 and GLAST levels. CLO treatment effects were also assessed in cortical astrocyte cultures (glucose and glutamate uptake, GLT-1 and GLAST levels) and in cortical neuronal cultures (glucose uptake). Results CLO markedly reduced in vivo brain glucose metabolism in several brain areas, especially in the cortex. Ex vivo analyses demonstrated decreased cortical glutamate transport along with GLT-1 mRNA and protein downregulation. In astrocyte cultures, CLO decreased GLT-1 density as well as glutamate and glucose uptake. By contrast, in cortical neuronal cultures, CLO did not affect glucose uptake. Conclusion This work provides in vivo demonstration that GLT-1 downregulation induces astrocyte-dependent cortical FDG-PET hypometabolism - mimicking the hypometabolic signature seen in people developing dementia - and adds further evidence that astrocytes are key contributors of the FDG-PET signal.

Published
2022
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33. Homeostatic plasticity induced by increased acetylcholine release at the mouse neuromuscular junction

Author

Silvia Guatimosim, FP Souza-Neto, Christopher Kushmerick, Nmv Souza, Mam Prado, Cristina Guatimosim, Wlg Cavalcante, Ekr Pinto, LA Naves, and WL Camargo

Subjects
Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins, Neuromuscular Junction, Gene Expression, Synaptic Transmission, Neuromuscular junction, Mice, Postsynaptic potential, Homeostatic plasticity, Vesicular acetylcholine transporter, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Homeostasis, Chemistry, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, General Neuroscience, fungi, Glutamate receptor, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Synaptic Potentials, Acetylcholine, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Cholinergic, Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, Muscle Contraction, Developmental Biology, medicine.drug, Muscle contraction
Abstract

At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), changes to the size of the postsynaptic potential induce homeostatic compensation. At the Drosophila NMJ, increased glutamate release causes a compensatory decrease in quantal content, but it is unknown if this mechanism operates at the cholinergic mammalian NMJ. We addressed this question by recording endplate potentials (EPP) and muscle contraction in 3-month and 24-month ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice that overexpress vesicular acetylcholine transporter and release more acetylcholine per vesicle. At 3 months, the quantal content of EPPs from ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice were not different from WT controls, however tetanic depression was greater, and quantal size during high-frequency stimulation and the size of the readily releasable pool (RRP) were decreased. At 24 months of age, quantal content was reduced in ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mice, which normalized synaptic depression despite smaller RRP. The effect of pancuronium on indirect evoked muscle twitch was not different between groups. These results indicate that an increase in the amount of acetylcholine per vesicle induces two distinct age-dependent homeostatic mechanisms compensating excessive acetylcholine release.

Published
2022
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34. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Genus Flindersia (Rutaceae)

Author

Mayara Barreto de Souza Arantes, Lara Pessanha Soares Nascimento, Samyra Imad da Silva Boeno, Thalya Soares Ribeiro Nogueira, Michel de Souza Passos, Almir Ribeiro de Carvalho, Antônio Sérgio Nascimento Moreira, Raimundo Braz-Filho, Ivo José Curcino Vieira, Noemi Oliveira Monteiro, and Milena Gonçalves Curcino Vieira

Subjects
Rutaceae, biology, Chemistry, Genus, Chemical constituents, Organic Chemistry, Botany, biology.organism_classification, Flindersia
Abstract

The genus Flindersia comprises 17 species distributed in Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, and the Maluku Islands. With a variety of classes of secondary metabolites, including terpenes, alkaloids, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, among other compounds, to date the genus has not been widely studied phytochemically, having more value in the timber industry. However, the objective of this review is to gather the necessary information for future research on this genus, for the inclusion of new chemical constituents and biological activities. Thus, we show that the genus Flindersia has more than 160 isolated or identified compounds. In addition, the alkaloids in this genus confer antimalarial activity.

Published
2022
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35. Influence of different preparation techniques on the composition and antioxidant action of curcumin and curcuminoids

Author

Samantha Wietzikoski, Juliana Marchi, Caio Franco de Araújo Almeida Campos, Ana Karina Vargas Soares, Andreia Assunção Soare, Cíntia de Souza Alferes Araújo, Glacy Jaqueline da Silva, Camila Moreno Giarolo, Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci, Ezilda Jacomassi, Evellyn Claudia Wietzikoski Lovato, José Eduardo Gonçalves, Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero, Zilda Cristiani Gazim, and Lauro Mera de Souza

Subjects
Pharmacology, Antioxidant, biology, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, Biological activity, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, law.invention, Rhizome, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutraceutical, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, law, Drug Discovery, medicine, Curcumin, Food science, Curcuma, Phytotherapy
Abstract

Epidemiological evidence indicates that plant antioxidants activity can treat or help to prevent the development of various diseases. One species with great potential as an antioxidant is Curcuma longa. However, different extraction techniques can influence isolated chemical compounds. This study investigated chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two rhizome extracts of C. longa: hydroethanolic, obtained by exhaustion (HECLex); and dried by a spray dryer (HECLsd). The phytochemical composition was evaluated by GC/MS. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Total phenolic compounds and soil analyses were performed. The main components of HECLex were ar-turmerone, γ-curcumene, α-turmerone, and β-sesquiphellandrene. The main components of HECLsd were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 2,3-bis([trimethylsilyl]oxy)propyl ester, verrucarol, and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether. HECLsd had significantly higher levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant capacity compared with HECLex. In conclusion, processes of the preparation of C. longa rhizomes alter the chemical components and consequently their biological activity.

Published
2022
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36. In vivo anti-inflammatory action evaluation of protease inhibitors from Cecropia hololeuca and their protein profile by electrophoretic and spectroscopic techniques

Author

Sandra B.R. Castro, Maria Patrícia do Nascimento, Márcia C. S. Faria, Emanuelle G. Machado, Cleonice Aparecida Souza, Alessandra P. Carli, Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira, Teresinha de J.A.S. Andrade, Caio César de Souza Alves, Heberson T. Silva, and Nerilson M. Lima

Subjects
Protease, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, In vitro toxicology, Plant Science, medicine.disease_cause, Anti-inflammatory, Carrageenan, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, In vivo, Edema, medicine, medicine.symptom, Ex vivo, Genotoxicity
Abstract

This work describes the electrophoretic and spectroscopic assessment of bioactive proteins from Cecropia hololeuca through SDS-PAGE, CE-UV, FT-IR and NMR, and their anti-inflammatory potential. In vitro assays were performed on murine macrophages J774A.1 and RAW 264.7 cells, and the in vivo anti-inflammatory potential on acute carrageenan edema in mice. The protein extract significantly inhibited the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and the expression of NF-κB in J774A.1 and RAW 264.7 cells, without causing toxicity to cells. In in vivo and ex vivo assay, the protein extract also reduced the formation of paw edema in animals, and the expression of IL-12 in macerate in the soft tissue of the paw. In the analysis of genotoxicity, the protein extract decreased the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes when compared to the group treated with Dexamethasone. The analysis by SDS-PAGE, CE-UV, FT-IR and NMR corroborated the presence of proteins in the analyzed samples.

Published
2022
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37. Optimization of Laccase Production, and Characterization of Lignin Degradation Products by Fusarium oxysporum JUMAD-053

Author

Igor S. Shiraishi, Renato P. Dorte, Beatriz R Ribeiro, Gabriela C.P.S. Souza, Robert F.H. Dekker, Luciana Furnaleto Maia, Aneli M. Barbosa-Dekker, Dionísio Borsato, Joseph A.M. Evaristo, Geisa P.C. Evaristo, Julliana I. Simionato, and Juliana Feijó de Souza Daniel

Subjects
Chemistry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), General Chemical Engineering, factorial design, Science, General Chemistry, biodegradation, QD1-999, kraft lignin, laccase, mass spectrometry
Abstract

The objective of this work was to optimize the culture conditions for laccase production in the presence of Kraft lignin by Fusarium oxysporum JUMAD-053, and to evaluate the biodegradation products of lignin. The fungal isolate that presented highest laccase activity had its production optimized by a statistical factorial design 33 in 15 experimental runs. F. oxysporum presented the highest constitutive laccase titer (5.37 U/mL). Statistical factorial design demonstrated a maximum laccase titer of 9.8 U/mL when assayed against ABTS under the conditions optimized: 1.125% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.5% (w/v) Kraft lignin and 10 days of cultivation. The maximum laccase titer when assayed on DMP was 8.4 U/mL, following the conditions optimized: 1.125% yeast extract, 0.25% Kraft lignin and 7 days of cultivation. The analysis of cultures led to identification of metabolites; two being aromatic: 2,6-dimethoxy benzoic acid and sesamin; also, fumonisin and long-chain fatty acids. As a result of the study, the maximum laccase activities of 9.8 and 8.4 U/mL measured from ABTS and DMP substrates, respectively. The search shows new sources of fungal laccase for obtaining new metabolites of biodegradation from Kraft lignin in culture medium. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i5.1623

Published
2021

38. Screening of mono and bimetallic catalysts for the dry reforming of methane

Author

João Monnerat Araujo Ribeiro de Almeida, José Faustino Souza de Carvalho Filho, Pedro Nothaft Romano, and Eduardo Falabella Sousa-Aguiar

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Physisorption, Carbon dioxide reforming, Chemisorption, Chemistry, General Chemistry, Dispersion (chemistry), Bimetallic strip, Catalysis, Incipient wetness impregnation, Methane, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

A series of nine different mono and bimetallic catalysts based on Ni, Rh and Pd supported on γ-Al2O3 or CeO2-Al2O3 was screened and compared in terms of activity and stability for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. All catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method and characterized by XRD, XRF, TPR, H2 chemisorption and N2 physisorption. The used techniques aimed at determining crystalline phases, metal loading and dispersion and textural properties, which are properties that will affect the catalytic performance. The reactions were carried out in a fixed bed quartz reactor with temperatures ranging from 700° to 800 °C, WHSV 30 L gcat−1 h−1 and CH4:CO2 = 1 for periods of at least 48 h. All monometallic Ni based catalyst suffered from deactivation by coke deposition in the first hours of reaction at 700 °C. However, the original catalytic performance of these catalysts was restored after a regeneration treatment. At higher temperatures (800 °C), the 15%Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst presented no obvious signs of deactivation over the course of 48 h. Monometallic Pd/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts, despite presenting higher turnover frequencies (TOF) when compared to monometallic and bimetallic Ni based catalysts, lost activity due to coke deposition. Both monometallic Rh based catalysts (0.5%Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 and 1%Rh/CeO2-Al2O3) presented a remarkable activity and stability with no signs of deactivation for 96 h TOS. The 0.5%Rh/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst presented the highest TOF values among all screened catalyst with TOFCH4 of 9.9 s−1 and TOFCO2 of 12 s−1.

Published
2022
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39. Mechanism of action involved in the anxiolytic-like effects of Hibalactone isolated from Hydrocotyle umbellata L

Author

José Realino de Paula, Larissa Córdova Turones, Matheus Gabriel de Oliveira, Lorrane Kelle da Silva Moreira, Aline Nazareth Martins, Dionys de Souza Almeida, Thiago Levi Silva Oliveira, Leonardo Luiz Borges, Vinicius Barreto da Silva, and Elson Alves Costa

Subjects
Elevated plus maze, Benzodiazepine, medicine.drug_class, Chemistry, GABAA receptor, Pharmacology, Anxiolytic, Complementary and alternative medicine, Mechanism of action, Flumazenil, medicine, medicine.symptom, Pharmacophore, Receptor, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background and aim Hibalactone (HB) is a lignan related to the anxiolytic-like effects of Hydrocotyle umbellata L. However, there is a need to understand better the mechanism of action of this lignan to support the ethnopharmacological uses of the species. This work aimed to evaluate by in vivo and in silico analysis the mechanism of action of HB involved in its anxiolytic-like effects. Experimental procedure The effects of HB in mice were evaluated on light-dark box (LDB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. The participation of 5-HT1A receptor and the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptor was evaluated to investigate the possible mechanism of action. In silico tools were used to better elucidate the anxiolytic-like effects of HB. Results Oral treatment with HB at a dose of 33 mg/kg showed an anxiolytic-like effect in the LDB and EPM tests. Besides that, the treatment altered the ethological parameters, frequency of head dips, and stretched-attend postures (SAP), important to better describe the anxiolytic profile of HB. Pretreatment with flumazenil (2 mg/kg) reverted the anxiolytic-like effect of HB on LDB and EPM tests. On the other hand, pretreatment with NAN-190 (0.5 mg/kg) not reverted the activity observed. In silico predictions revealed the potential of HB to increase GABAergic neurotransmission. Pharmacophore modelling and docking simulations showed that HB might interact with the α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor. Conclusion Together, the results presented herein suggest that activation of the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor contributes to the anxiolytic-like effect of HB.

Published
2022
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40. Modulation of Maize Rhizosphere Microbiota Composition by Inoculation with Azospirillum argentinense Az39 (Formerly A. brasilense Az39)

Author

Anahí Coniglio, Giovanni Larama, Romina Molina, Verónica Mora, Daniela Torres, Anelis Marin, Andrés Ignacio Avila, Coline Lede NoirCarlan, Leonardo Erijman, Eva Lucía Figuerola, Emanuel Maltempi de Souza, and Fabricio Cassán

Subjects
Chemistry, Soil Science, Plant Science, Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Azospirillum is one of the most important plant growths promoting rhizobacteria used in agriculture worldwide. However, few reports are available describing the effects of this bacterial genus on the inoculated plant microbiome. In order to determine whether A. argentinense inoculation modifies the bacterial microbiota associated with the maize rhizosphere, we performed a high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis under experimental controlled conditions. Rhizosphere metagenomic DNA was obtained from plants inoculated and non-inoculated with A. argentinense Az39, and bulk soil was used as a reference treatment. Biodiversity, microbial community composition, co-occurrence network and predicted function analyses (FAPROTAX) were performed. Azospirillum was the most abundant genus occurring in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants. Regarding the alpha diversity, a significant reduction in the bacteria evenness was observed in the inoculated rhizosphere. The beta diversity analysis showed a differential structure of the communities of each treatment. According to the LEfSe index, the three most abundant genera associated with Az39 inoculation were Burkholderia, Massilia and Sphingobium. An increase in the relative abundance of some members of the Hyphomicrobiales (ex Rhizobiales) order was observed in inoculated plants. Co-occurrence networks showed a positive interaction between Azospirillum and Pseudomonas and a negative correlation with Hyphomicrobium. The FAPROTAX analysis associated Azospirillum inoculation with some functions related to chemoheterotrophy, phototrophy and the nitrogen cycle. Our results allowed us to conclude that Azospirillum is able to colonize the maize rhizosphere after inoculation and that this colonization process induces an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, also commonly used as biofertilizers in agriculture.

Published
2022
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42. ANTECIPAÇÃO DO CONTROLE DA FERRUGEM-DO-CAFEEIRO (Hemileia vastatrix) COM DIFERENTES FUNGICIDAS

Author

Kleso Silva Franco Junior, Hernane de Souza, Giselle Prado Brigante, Márcio de Souza Dias, and Natália Scalco Ferreira

Subjects
Coffee rust, Fungicide, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, chemistry, Azoxystrobin, Cyproconazole, Epoxiconazole, Biology, Rust, Plant stem
Abstract

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a antecipação do controle da ferrugem do cafeeiro (Catuai Amarelo IAC 62) com diferentes fungicidas, sendo realizada em uma lavoura de aproximadamente 23 anos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (DBC), constituído de 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições, totalizando 20 parcelas experimentais. Os tratamentos foram: controle (água); Ciproconazol + Azoxistrobina, Piraclostrobina + Epoxiconazol, Flutriafol, Ciproconazol. Foi avaliado o nível incidência de ferrugem no ramo plagiotrópico e o crescimento de internódios aos 14, 28, 42, 56 e 70 dias após a aplicação (DAA). O controle antecipado da ferrugem com fungicidas Piraclostrobina + Epocoxiconal e Flutrifol aos 28DAA, 56DAA resultaram em menores níveis, aos 56DAA os mesmos fungicidas e também o Ciproconazol e aos 70DAA o Flutriafol, com o menor nível de ferrugem. Já em relação ao número de internódios dos ramos plagiotrópicos aos 70DAA o Flutriafol foi o que acarretou menor número.

Published
2021
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43. Silicon leaf spraying increases biofortification production, ascorbate content and decreases water loss post-harvest from land cress and chicory leaves

Author

Júlio Garcia Neto, Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior, Thiago Palhares Farias, Renato de Mello Prado, José Zénóbio de Souza, Sylvia Letícia Oliveira Silva, Science and Technology of Maranhão, and Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

Subjects
Chichorium intybus, leaf silicate, Horticulture, Silicon, chemistry, Physiology, Biofortification, chemistry.chemical_element, Production (economics), Barbarea verna, Agronomy and Crop Science, beneficial element
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Silicon (Si) leaf spraying can benefit the production and post-harvest quality of leafy vegetables, however the effect of Si application in land cress and chicory is unknown. This study aimed to verify Si supplementation by foliar spraying when using different sources and concentrations in content of Si and ascorbate in leaves, fresh and dry mass production, and water loss of chicory and land cress during storage. The experimental design was randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with potassium silicate and sodium and potassium silicate stabilized with sorbitol, and four concentrations: 0 (control), 0.84, 1.68, and 2.52 g L −1 of Si. Tree foliar applications were carried out in four replications. Si foliar sprayings were applied every ten days; with the first application at 28 days after transplanting. It was determined that applying Si as a foliar spray was practical to increase the Si accumulation, plant growth, and biofortification as well as decrease the post-harvest water loss of land cress and chicory leaves. The Si concentration of 2.52 g L−1 as potassium silicate was recommended for foliar application in land cress and chicory. Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranhão, MA Department of Agricultural Production Science State University of São Paulo, SP

Published
2021
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44. Sumatran fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis) resistant to PSI-inhibiting herbicides and physiological responses to paraquat

Author

Jéssica Ferreira Lourenço Leal, Ana Carolina Oliveira Chapeta, Gabriela de Souza da Silva, Eduardo Souza de Amorim, Todd A. Gaines, Junior Borella, Ana Claudia Langaro, L.H.S. Zobiole, Sarah Morran, André Lucas Simões Araujo, Camila Ferreira de Pinho, and Amanda dos Santos Souza

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Paraquat, chemistry, Botany, Plant Science, Biology, Erigeron sumatrensis, Agronomy and Crop Science, Physiological responses
Abstract

Herbicide-resistant weed management is one of the greatest agricultural challenges in crop production. Thus, the quick identification of herbicide-resistant weeds is extremely important for management. This study aimed to evaluate resistance to PSI-inhibiting herbicides (diquat) and physiological response to paraquat application in Sumatran fleabane [Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker; syn.: Erigeron sumatrensis Retz.]. The research was conducted with two C. sumatrensis biotypes, one susceptible and the other with multiple resistance to herbicides from five different modes of action (glyphosate, paraquat, diuron, saflufenacil, and 2,4-D). A dose–response assay was carried out to evaluate herbicide resistance to diquat in the paraquat-resistant C. sumatrensis biotype. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence were measured in both biotypes after paraquat (400 g ai ha−1) application. The dose–response assay confirmed resistance of C. sumatrensis to diquat with resistance factor levels of 26-fold and 6-fold for LD50 and GR50 values, respectively, compared with the susceptible biotype. Accumulation of H2O2 occurred more rapidly in the paraquat-susceptible biotype than in the resistant one. Paraquat treatment caused an increase in SOD and APX activity in the susceptible biotype, but antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by paraquat in the resistant one at 5 h after application (HAA). Chl a fluorescence increased across the first 4 HAA in both resistant and susceptible biotypes. However, at 24 HAA, the resistant biotype showed a decline in fluorescence close to untreated plants, while the susceptible biotype died, confirming resistance to diquat in the paraquat-resistant C. sumatrensis biotype. The paraquat-resistant biotype does not induce antioxidative enzymes, as a possible mechanism of resistance to paraquat, but shows rapid recovery of photosynthesis and continuous growth when subjected to paraquat, while the paraquat-susceptible biotype does not survive.

Published
2021
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45. Initial performance of Achillea millefolium in response of humic acids

Author

Jéssica Rosário de Souza Dutra, Aline da Costa Souza, Marihus Altoé Baldotto, Lílian Estrela Borges Baldotto, and Amanda Cristina Gonçalves de Oliveira

Subjects
Achillea millefolium, General Veterinary, Chemistry, organic fertilization, Agriculture (General), Ecological farming, Biomass, Health benefits, Manure, complex mixtures, S1-972, Horticulture, Dry weight, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Medicinal plants, biostimulant, Poultry litter, TP248.13-248.65, medicinal plants, Biotechnology
Abstract

Owing to numerous health benefits, the cultivation of medicinal plants has significantly increased. Achillea millefolium L. (common names: milefoil, yarrow) is attributed important medicinal properties. Consumers of herbal medicinal products demand for production systems based on ecological farming principles, thus an interesting technology would be application biostimulant based on humic acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting and initial performance of Achillea millefolium in response to the use of humic acids (HA) isolated from composted cattle manure and poultry litter and applied in different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mmolL-1 of HA) at the propagation phase. Rooting and plant biomass accumulation were analyzed. Humic acids derived from poultry litter promoted root development and increase of fresh biomass and total dry mass, proving their biostimulant effect. The optimal concentration of humic acids estimated for the initial development of A. millefolium was 22.25 mmolL-1.

Published
2021

46. Development of LaMnO3 and LaNiO3 type materials with calcium doping by the modified proteic method and evaluation for the dye removal efficiency

Author

J. B. R. Fernandes, Marcelo J. B. Souza, Andreza Alves Souza, A. M. Garrido Pedrosa, and Joenesson Fílip Santos Ribeiro

Subjects
LaMnO3, Materials science, calcium, biology, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, biology.organism_classification, modified proteic method, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Congo red, dye removal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nickel, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Specific surface area, Phase (matter), Ceramics and Composites, Lanio, TA1-2040, LaNiO3, Perovskite (structure)
Abstract

Materials by the modified proteic method based on calcium doped LaMnO3 and LaNiO3, with perovskite structure were prepared. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the presence of the perovskite phase in all materials, whose specific surface area values varied between 27 and 37 m2.g-1. The materials presented efficiency for the removal of Congo red dye and those with site B occupied by nickel presented better adsorptive efficiency. The incorporation of calcium on LaMnO3 or LaNiO3 materials caused an improvement in the performance of the materials for the dye removal from water. The materials maintained perovskite structure after the adsorption tests, allowing their reuse in new adsorption tests with high efficiency.

Published
2021

47. Effect of biostimulant on yield characters of common bean cultivars under Southwestern Goiás conditions

Author

Murilo Vieira Loro, Núbia Sousa Carrijo, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Luiz Leonardo Ferreira, Gileade Costa Leonel Amaral, Juliana Naves de Campos, Adriano Teixeira Souza, Valúcia Teodoro Pereira, Augusto Antonio de Souza Tomazele, and Giordano Gelain Conte

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, Point of delivery, chemistry, Phenology, Yield (wine), Seed treatment, Dendrogram, Randomized block design, General Medicine, Cultivar, Biology, Plant regulators
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of biostimulant positioning on common bean cultivars in the southwestern Goiás conditions. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Mineiros-GO. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 6x3, corresponding to the positioning of the Triplus® biostimulator (R5, R5 + R8 and water) in six common bean cultivars (BRS Campeiro, BRS Esteio, BRS Estilo, BRS Marfim, BRS Notavel and BRS Perola) in 4 replicates. The following productive attributes were evaluated: number of pod, number total of grains, number of commercial grains, number of non-commercial grains, mass of commercial grains, thousand grains mass. There was a significant interaction between cultivar x biostimulant as well as the factors alone. At the end of the experiment, it was concluded that the positioning of the biostimulant via foliar in the R5 phenological phase provided the highest yields for all common bean cultivars, especially BRS Estilo (43.87 sc ha-1) and BRS Notavel (43.02 sc ha-1). Biostimulant applications at stage R5 promoted the best results for number of non-commercial grains, mass of commercial grains, thousand grains mass. In the three stratifications used in the dendrogram, it was possible to form two groups of genotypes. Number total of grains, number of commercial grains and number of pod positively correlate with yield.

Published
2021
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48. Evaluation of seed germination development and initial growth of cotton plants exposed to cadmium

Author

Pedro S. Dos Santos, Maria de Fátima de Souza Guilherme, Laianne de Souza Guilherme, Edevaldo da Silva, and José Lucas dos Santos Oliveira

Subjects
Cadmium, Contaminación, 5 - Ciencias puras y naturales::57 - Biología [CDU], Gossypium hirsutum, chemistry.chemical_element, Metal pesado, Contamination, Biology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Horticulture, Heavy metal, chemistry, Germination
Abstract

Esta investigación evaluó los efectos fitotóxicos del cadmio en el desarrollo germinativo y el crecimiento inicial de Gossypium hirsutum L. Se evaluaron los efectos ecotoxicológicos de 13 concentraciones experimentales de cadmio (0.0-50.0 mM) sobre variables de respuesta como porcentaje de germinación (IVG), tiempo promedio de germinación (TMG) y longitud de la raíz de las plántulas. Las semillas de G. hirsutum expuestas al cadmio mostraron una disminución en el porcentaje de germinación y un aumento en el número de plántulas anormales con las concentraciones 18.0 y 3.0 mM, respectivamente, además de inhibir el crecimiento de la raíz y elevar el TMG de la exposición a 0,5 mM, reduciendo el IVG. G. hirsutum es una especie tolerante al cadmio durante su desarrollo germinativo. This research evaluated the phytotoxic effects of cadmium on the germination development and initial growth of Gossypium hirsutum L. The ecotoxicological effects of 13 experimental concentrations of cadmium (0.0-50.0 mM) on variables like germination percentage, GSI, average germination time (AGT) and root length were evaluated. G. hirsutum seeds exposed to cadmium showed a decrease in germination percentage and an increase in the number of normal plantules from the concentrations 18.0 and 3.0 mM, respectively. It also inhibited root growth and increased the AGT from the exposure to the concentration 0.5 mM, reducing the GSI. G. hirsutum is tolerant to cadmium during its germinal stage.

Published
2021
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49. Copper mining in the eastern Amazon: an environmental perspective on potentially toxic elements

Author

Markus Gastauer, Edna Santos de Souza, Cecílio Frois Caldeira, Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes, Roberto Dall'Agnol, Silvio Junio Ramos, Gabriel Caixeta Martins, Pedro Walfir M. Souza-Filho, Prafulla Kumar Sahoo, Suellen Nunes de Araújo, and Renato Alves Teixeira

Subjects
Pollution, China, Environmental Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Risk Assessment, Mining, Soil, Geochemistry and Petrology, Metals, Heavy, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Cadmium, Mercury, General Medicine, Soil contamination, Soil quality, Tailings, Mercury (element), chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, Copper, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Mining activity is of great economic and social importance; however, volumes of metallic ore tailings rich in potentially toxic elements (PTEs) may be produced. In this context, managing this environmental liability and assessing soil quality in areas close to mining activities are fundamental. This study aimed to compare the concentrations of PTEs-arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn)-as well as the fertility and texture of Cu tailings and soils of native, urban and pasture areas surrounding a Cu mining complex in the eastern Amazon. The levels of PTEs were compared with soil prevention values, soil quality reference values, global average soil concentrations and average upper continental crust concentrations. The contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), potential ecological risk index (RI), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated. The levels of Co, Cu and Ni in the tailings area exceeded the prevention values, soil quality reference values and average upper continental crust concentrations; however, the tailings area was considered unpolluted according to PLI and RI and presented a low potential ecological risk. The high concentrations of PTEs are associated with the geological properties of the area, and the presence of PTEs-rich minerals supports these results. For the urban and pasture areas, none of the 11 PTEs analyzed exceeded the prevention values established by the Brazilian National Environment Council.

Published
2021
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50. Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in a structured bed reactor subjected to intermittent aeration ( <scp>SBRIA</scp> ): effect of support material diameter and bed porosity

Author

Rafael Brito de Moura, Carla Ed dos Santos, Theo So de Souza, João Vr de Souza, and Bruno José Gonçalves Silva

Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, General Chemical Engineering, Organic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Pulp and paper industry, Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification, Pollution, Nitrogen removal, Inorganic Chemistry, Fuel Technology, chemistry, Aeration, Porosity, Waste Management and Disposal, Carbon, Biotechnology
Published
2021
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