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The nature and ways of isolation and cultivation in vitro of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the main cellular components of skin to prepare a new biomedical product, tissue dermal equivalent were considered. The main attention was payed to optimization of upbuilding dermal cell biomass including selection of medium compositions and conditions of cultivation. The information was given on main parameters of cell cultures as proliferation activity, viability and phenotype of the cells. Genotoxicity of fibroblasts and biocompatibility of the cells with organic matrixes to find the optimal carrier for cellular elements of tissue dermal equivalent were studied. The composition, the process of preparation of tissue dermal equivalent and perspectives of its practical application were discussed.

The changes in the parameters of oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and redox potential of the glutathione system in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia were studied. To correct metabolic disorders, the pantothenic acid derivatives were used in combination with precursors of glutathione biosynthesis and selenium substances.Cerebral ischemia was modeled by ligating the both common carotid arteries in rats for 2 h. Drugs were administered i.p. in the following doses: panthenol – 400 mg/kg, N-acetylcysteine – 150, nanoselen – 1 mg/kg, three times: 1 h before ligation of the carotid arteries, at the time of ligation and 1 hour after ligation. We showed that the development of oxidative stress caused by ischemia is accompanied by the changes in the parameters of energy metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway in the cerebral hemispheres. Simultaneously, there are a decrease in the GSH level, an increase in the GSSG content, a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and the activation of enzymes of redox transformations of glutathione.The redox potential of the glutathione system decreases and shifts towards oxidation, while the level of S-glutathionylated proteins increases. Thus, the value of the GSH/GSSG ratio and the protein glutathionylation intensity are the sensitive indicators of the redox potential in the brain tissue and can be used as markers of the extent of changes in the redox balance. The panthenol injection to animals leads to a decrease in the content of free radical oxidation products, violations of oxidative phosphorylation and restoration of thiol-disulfide balance in the brain. When panthenol is administered together with N-acetylcysteine and nanoselen, the corrective effect of panthenol is enhanced.

Permeability is important to ensure the protective properties of coatings based on styrene-acrylic dispersions. This indicator characterizes the complex of insulating properties of coatings, their ability to prevent the penetration of liquids, vapors and gases from the environment to the surface to be protected. It was studied the effect of aluminosilicate microspheres, which are characterized by the hydrophilic nature of the surface and highly dispersed silicate filler aerosil with a hydrophobised surface on the water absorption of styrene-acrylic coatings. Decreased of water absorption of styrene-acrylic coatings filled with aluminosilicate microspheres with the introduction of hydrophobised aerosil is linked to the fact that the fine aerosil with a high specific surface area provides the formation of a more densely packed structure. Thus, partially filling the interspherical space, which is formed by particles of microspheres with a diameter of 10-100 μm and reduces the surface defect of the styrene-acrylic coating. Localization on the surface of defective structures of particles of hydrophobised aerosil leads to a decrease in wetting of defective structures with water. Resulting deteriorating wetting the surface of the styrene-acrylic coating. Micrographs were taken to assess the nature of the distribution of aerosil on the surface of the styrene-acrylic coating. The analysis of the obtained micrographs confirms that the introduction of microspheres form large agglomerates, between which there are vacancies, which will negatively affect the technological and operational properties of the developed coatings. At the same time, the introduction of aerosil allows to obtain a more orderly structure, which allows to obtain a coating with lower internal stresses, increased aggregate stability and, as a consequence, with improved technological and operational properties.

The effect of the drug Delcid 7.5® on the mucous membranes of the eyes of rabbits of the Australian White breed, weighing 2–3 kg, which were instilled in the conjunctival cavity of the right eye with 1 drop of the drug. The left eye was a control eye, and distilled water was instilled into it. The studies were conducted according to the score system, based on the total score (according to the classification of A. Majda, K. Chrusaieleska, 1973) according to the following criteria: conjunctival and corneal hyperemia, eyelid edema, discharge at a drug concentration, 10% the degree of severity of the effect in rabbits is weak, at a concentration of 50% – moderate. Experience has shown that a single instillation of the drug Delcid 7.5® into the conjunctival sac at a concentration of 10% does not cause a response, and a 50% concentration causes a moderately irritating effect of the drug on the mucous membranes. The results of the conducted studies show that the insectoacaricidal drug Delcid 7.5® for veterinary use, developed by LLC "NVC Agrovetzashchita", including deltamethrin, piperonyl butoxide, diflubenzuron is safe for rabbits, and therefore it can be recommended for studying the effectiveness of acarosis in rabbits and other animal species.

A method is presented for obtaining activated carbons (highly porous carbon materials) based on plant (wood) raw materials using a developed and manufactured experimental setup, consisting of a steam generator, a superheater, a pyrolysis and activation chamber and a cooler with a heat exchanger with forced convection. The analysis of the features of chemical and physical activation of charcoal, obtained by pyrolysis of wood raw materials, is carried out, and a conclusion is made about the advantage of physical activation, based on the use of water vapor as an activating agent. A description of the results of experimental studies carried out using the developed installation is given. These results confirm the conclusions of other studies that excessive pressure increases the mass yield of solid products formed during the thermochemical conversion of plant biomass. It was found that an increase in pressure, at which pyrolysis occurs, leads to an increase in the carbon content in charcoal. So, with an increase in pressure at which pyrolysis was carried out, from 1 to 8 atm, the carbon content in charcoal increased from 88.3 to 93.7 wt.%. Data on the efficiency of physical activation of solid products of pyrolysis of woody biomass using water vapor are presented and a conclusion is made that this direction is promising in the development of the foundations for the production of highly porous carbon materials.

The quantitative chemical analysis of snow cover has been carried out for the Vorkuta agglomeration territory. The on-site ingress of pollutants in close proximity to industrial enterprises in Vorkuta is calculated. The schematic maps of substance distribution in snow in the studied area are built using space images. The control levels of aerotechnogenic pollution are established for the city, industrial zones and adjacent territories for the purpose of subsequent ecological monitoring. The pH value of snowmelt water reaches 6.5-7.2 due to a high content of alkaline components (calcium and magnesium carbonates) in snow. The snow cover of the Vorkuta agglomeration is highly enriched with heavy metals. The maximum permissible concentrations are exceeded for manganese, nickel, aluminum, vanadium, molybdenum and mercury. High concentrations of mercury in snow are supposedly related to coal combustion at the thermal power plant. After that mercury may be occluded on a surface of coal particles and ashes. It is shown that it is possible to establish the zones of the greatest aerogenic impact according to the content of mercury and vanadium in the snow. Factor analysis was used to identify the mechanisms of pollutants and factors forming the chemical composition of the snow cover. The share of elements in the suspended solids is more than 60% of their total content in snowmelt water. High concentrations of suspended particles (up to 720 mg/dm3) were observed in the snow of Vorkuta. The most severe pollution of the snow cover is registered in close proximity to thermal power plant №2. According to the calculations of the total pollution index, the highest excess of substance increment over the background level was noted in the sanitary protection zone around the thermal power plant №2.

The complex interaction of cells with biomaterials (i.e., materiobiology) plays an increasingly pivotal role in the development of novel implants, biomedical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds to treat diseases, aid in the restoration of bodily functions, construct healthy tissues, or regenerate diseased ones. However, the conventional approaches are incapable of screening the huge amount of potential material parameter combinations to identify the optimal cell responses and involve a combination of serendipity and many series of trial-and-error experiments. For advanced tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, highly efficient and complex bioanalysis platforms are expected to explore the complex interaction of cells with biomaterials using combinatorial approaches that offer desired complex microenvironments during healing, development, and homeostasis. In this review, we first introduce materiobiology and its high-throughput screening (HTS). Then we present an in-depth of the recent progress of 2D/3D HTS platforms (i.e., gradient and microarray) in the principle, preparation, screening for materiobiology, and combination with other advanced technologies. The Compendium for Biomaterial Transcriptomics and high content imaging, computational simulations, and their translation toward commercial and clinical uses are highlighted. In the final section, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed. High-throughput experimentation within the field of materiobiology enables the elucidation of the relationships between biomaterial properties and biological behavior and thereby serves as a potential tool for accelerating the development of high-performance biomaterials.

The design of novel wound dressings for chronic wound treatment is still of great importance. One of the promising approaches is application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), immobilized on a flexible polymer film, for healing. In this study, blended films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and pectin with different component ratio have been prepared by solution casting method and evaluated. Physicochemical properties of the formed PVA/pectin films, including their morphology, wettability, swelling, stability, mechanical characteristics, have been studied. We demonstrated that the surface of PVA/pectin films could be modified by ultraviolet or dielectric barrier discharge plasma exposure. After both ultraviolet and plasma treatment, the hydrophilicity of PVA/pectin films increased. It has been shown that additional crosslinking of PVA/pectin films with glutaraldehyde resulted in reinforcement of their structure. MSCs were cultured on neat and modified PVA/pectin samples to evaluate the effects of film characteristics and composition on cell behavior. It has been determined that MSCs effectively adhered to glutaraldehyde-crosslinked PVA/pectin films and formed on them the monolayer culture of fibroblast-like cells. The additional modification of PVA/pectin films with collagen resulted in enhancement of MSCs adhesion. Our results show that the obtained PVA/pectin films with adhered MSCs can be suggested for potential application as a part of novel complex wound dressings.

Mechanochemical activation was used to prepare Mg(Li)Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) with molar ratios of cations Mg/Al = 2 and 4 and Li/Al = 0.5. The influence of cationic composition and nature of interlayer anions (CO32−, OH−) on the structural properties of LDH and the properties of oxide phases formed by LDH calcination was investigated by XRD and SEM. Textural properties (nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77.4 K) and acid-base properties (CO2 double isotherm method, TPD-CO2, aldol condensation of furfural with acetone reaction) were studied in detail for mixed oxides. It was shown that mixed oxides based on the LDH that were prepared by mechanochemical route have high specific surface area and porosity. An increase in the Mg/Al ratio, the introduction of Li, and the use of LDH with OH- counterions made it possible not only to increase the total basicity of mixed oxides but also to vary the fraction of basic sites with a different strength.

The applications of catalysts based on molybdenum carbide are considered. Attention is focused on the effects of molybdenum carbide preparation methods on the crystal structure and catalytic activity of molybdenum carbide in the redox reactions of organic compounds.

Background: The researchers of PIBOC RAS developed the dermo-protective topical drug called «Kourochitin», active substance of which is known quinazoline alkaloid tryptanthrin. In the present work, therapeutic efficacy of this drug in the treatment of allergic dermatosis was evaluated. Methods: Dermo-protective action of «Kourochitin» was studied in tow murine models: 2, 4- dinitrofluorobenzene- induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Results and Discussion: In a model ACD, it was shown that «Kourochitin» exhibits the curative action on pathophysiological, hematological and immunological parameters in ACD. Namely, «Kourochitin» 1) reduces the level of erythema in the allergen damaged skin area and increases the healing index of the epidermis; 2) normalizes the content of eosinophils, basophils and monocytes in the blood of experimental animals; 3) inhibits the production of main pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukins - 1 and 2, interferon-gamma, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In a murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis, it was shown that «Kourochitin» application led to reduction in psoriasis severity on the inflamed epidermis of experimental animals. Additionally, in veterinary research, «Kourochitin»-treatment of canine atopic dermatitis almost completely eliminated signs of allergic manifestations on the epidermis. Conclusion: The obtained data suggest that «Kourochitin» as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and wound healing remedy is a potential drug for therapy of various dermatological diseases, in particular allergic skin lesions.

The properties of coatings largely depend on the nature of the interaction of the film material with the substrate – the type of bonds between them. The degree of this interaction, associated with the nature of the paint and varnish material, mineral fillers and the nature of the surface to be protected, may be a criterion for evaluating the protective and operational properties. Therefore, an urgent scientific and practical task is to study the silicate fillers effect on the nature of adhesive interactions at the interface of water-based coatings with a steel substrate and to establish the relationship of adhesion strength properties with the thermodynamic adhesion work. It is shown that the adhesion strength in the paint systems for steel is significantly affected by the thermodynamic adhesion work, in which the dispersed component of the surface free energy makes the greatest contribution when the degree of filler content changes.

Background. The reproductive incompatibility of cultivated ( Pisum sativum ) and wild ( P. fulvum ) pea species determines the difficulties of obtaining hybrids as well as the transfer of valuable wild parent alleles into interspecific hybrids and their use in the breeding process. The aim of the research was a comparative study of protein spectra of pea interspecific hybrids BC 2 F 5 P. sativum × P. fulvum obtained by the authors and their parents. Materials and methods. The band composition of seed proteins in the interspecific hybrids of peas BC 2 F 5 , variety Stabil ( P. sativum ) × accession from VIR collection I-609881 ( P. fulvum ) has been studied. Effectiveness of parent gene transfer determining each polymorphic position of electrophoretic spectrum were evaluated. Results. The ratio of the actual frequencies of the bands of the cultivated and wild parents in the introgression lines corresponded to the expected level in 73% positions of the electrophoretic spectrum. The introgression rate of individual seed protein bands from wild parent into interspecific pea hybrids in the absence of selection significantly exceeded the expected level, which may indicate the adaptive value of alleles encoding unique seed protein isoforms. Conclusion. The possibility of introgressive transfer of wild-type alleles to the cultivated genotypes of pea, as well as the presence of identified cultivated isoforms of storage proteins in all studied lines of BC 2 F 5 interspecific hybrids in 88.2% of the polymorphic positions of the electrophoretic spectrum, indicates the possibility of using the wild species P. fulvum in pea breeding.

The paper describes methods for producing charcoal (highly porous carbon materials) based on plant (wood) raw materials, and the equipment used to implement these processes, the use of activated carbons. The paper describes results of an experimental study of the effect of pressure on the formation of charcoal in the pyrolysis of birch chips. The experimental investigation was carried out at pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 MPa. To investigate the effect of pressure on the pyrolysis process, a laboratory bench was designed and constructed. It was found that increasing the pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa increases the yield of charcoal from 25.1 to 32.4% by weight (relative to the dry weight of the starting material) and the carbon content from 89.1% by weight at 0.1 MPa to 96.4% by weight at 0.7 MPa. The calorific value of charcoal decreases from 34.86 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30.23 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.7 MPa. This is due to the release of oxygen-containing components, which have a higher calorific value than pure carbon, from the porous coal structure. Reduction of the charcoal heat combustion with a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing components confirms conclusion that their calorific value exceeds the calorific value of pure carbon.

The paper considers the use of a surfactant-polymer composition for the mobilization of light paraffinic oil from the D3-III carbonate reservoir at a reservoir temperature of 62°C, as well as the results of its tests in field conditions. Earlier, the composition showed its effectiveness on model carbonate cores with salinity from current (50-80 g/l) to reservoir (up to 170 g/l), in the presence of surfactants, type III microemulsions according to Winsor with oil were obtained. Based on the results of the filtration experiments performed on our own core from the productive formation D3-III, an increase in the displacement efficiency of surfactant-polymer compositions compared to water was obtained 11–14% (with a total surfactant concentration of 1%), irreversible surfactant losses in water-saturated rock–up to 0, 38 mg/g. Displacement efficiency after water and surfactant-polymer composition flooding was also estimated in the field conditions using SWCTT; its results were interpreted by various methods (analytical, in a hydrodynamic simulator), and also compared with laboratory results. Within a single-well tracer test, an assessment of the residual saturation after water filtration and injection of a surfactant-polymer composition was carried out under the following conditions: the target research radius is 3.5 m; porosity 10%, effective reservoir thickness 38 m. Based on the results of SWCTT, an increase in the displacement efficiency of 16.7% was obtained in comparison with water displacement (total surfactant concentration 1%) using an analytical method of interpretation. The adaptation of the SWCTT results on the hydrodynamic model was carried out, the most influencing parameters on the quality of adaptation were determined. The selection and justification of a pilot area for a multi-well pilot project was carried out, a sector hydrodynamic model of the site was built, and calculations were made to assess additional oil production.

The paper describes a methodology for assessing the impact of wax deposition in reservoir oil during cold water injection into heterogeneous carbonate reservoir D3-III of the Kharyaga field. The main goal is to determine the optimal amount of hot water that must be injected before switching to cold water without affecting the field development. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies to determine the thermophysical properties of oil, samples of net reservoir and non-reservoir rock, as well as the results of laboratory studies to determine the conditions and nature of wax deposition in oil when the temperature and pressure conditions change. Calculations were carried out to describe the physical model of oil displacement by water of various temperatures. A series of synthetic sector model runs was performed, which includes the average properties of the selected reservoir and the results of laboratory studies in order to determine the effect of cold water injection on the development performance.

In the article simulation of billet damage in the process of hydromechanical extrusion from aluminum alloy of Al5056 grade is performed. Cockcroft-Latham criterion is used as a numerical damage assessment. The analysis of modeling results made it possible to calculate optimal parameters of the hydromechanical extrusion process from the condition of minimization of damage rate.

The composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetation of natural hummocky peatlands in the forest-tundra subzone of the Komi Republic and its possible impact on the composition of polyarenes in peat were assessed. The content of polyarenes was estimated by the method of highly efficient liquid chromatography. The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was the highest in Polytrichum strictum, Betula pubescens, and shoots of Picea abies and smaller in Betula nana L., Salix lapponum L., and Carex limosa L. with the domination of low-molecular-weight PAHs. We did not reveal dibenz[a,h]anthracene and benzo[ghi]perylene in plants: they could be the products of soil-forming processes. It is shown that distribution patterns of PAHs in the permafrost-affected soils of peat mounds (Hemic Folic Cryic Histosols) and in the soils of open-water mire pools (Fibric Floatic Histosols) are similar. Small quantities of low-molecular-weight polyarenes were normally accumulated in the seasonally thawed layer. The content of heavy structures (mainly, benzo[ghi]perylene) strongly increased at the contact with permafrost and then slightly decreased in the underlying permafrost. The composition of PAHs in the active layer mainly depended on composition of polyarenes in plants. At the contact with permafrost, the active synthesis or release of high-molecular-weight compounds took place. The influence of the composition of PAHs in plants on their composition in peat greatly depended on the degree of peat decomposition. Reasoning from the natural model of peat formation in open-water mire pools, the composition of polyarenes in the upper peat horizons of such sites was affected by recombination of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons in Sphagnum riparium and Eriophorum sp. In the course of long-term soil development, the decomposition of complex organic compounds in plant tissues (particularly, in Eriophorum sp.) results in the formation of heavy PAHs with a simultaneous increase in the content of low-molecular-weight polyarenes.

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

Scientific publications and patents on mechanochemical synthesis of inorganic supports and catalysts of oil refining processes (cracking, reforming, hydrotreating, and hydrocracking) were analyzed. It was shown that the introduction of mechanical activation into the process of synthesis of inorganic supports and catalysts typically enhances their catalytic activity and selectivity. Features of the mechanochemical synthesis of complex nickel-molybdenum oxides, which are precursors of nickel-molybdenum sulfide hydrotreating catalysts, were considered. It was demonstrated that, under mechanical activation conditions, it is possible to prepare β-NiMoO4, a highly active and thermostable nickel-molybdenum oxide containing Mo in tetrahedral coordination. The technology of producing highly dispersed carbide-containing catalysts with the use of the mechanical activation method, developed at the Institute of Hydrocarbon Processing, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, was described. The texture and morphology of the resultant highly dispersed bulk carbide-containing catalysts were considered. The size of the active particles was estimated at 2–5 nm. Сatalytic tests revealed high catalytic activity of the highly dispersed carbide-containing catalysts in the model reaction of dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization.

The results are presented of modeling the “contour water flooding” biotechnology aimed at cleaning heavily petroleum-polluted agrosoddy-podzolic soils (Albic Retisols (Loamic, Aric)) by application of bacterial–yeast consortium, microalgae, and algal–bacterial–yeast consortium, and mineral fertilizers are presented. The patterns of biotic indicators and the total petroleum hydrocarbon content at various stages of oil destruction are identified. Changes in the number of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms in the microcosms depend on the biological agent applied. In the case of the soil treatment with microalgae, the population of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms declines by an order of magnitude at the end of the experiment, whereas in the case of bacterial–yeast and algal–bacterial–yeast consortia, their population has been restored to the 90th day. The biochemical activity in microcosms remains high during the experiment. The results of the experiment prove the efficiency of application oil-oxidizing microbial consortia, including those with microalgae. While being fertilized,the bacterial–yeast and algal–bacterial–yeast consortia exert the maximum purification effect in simulation microcosm experiments. The efficiency of soil purification from total petroleum hydrocarbons reaches 60–63% over 90 days of the experiment. IR spectroscopic data indicate the decline in the share of saturated aliphatic structures and the accumulation of bio-thermodynamically stable aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing residual components of oil, which are intermediate products of metabolism in the microbial oxidation of oil hydrocarbons.

This article presents materials on the production test of feed additive based on the protein hydrolyzate Abiotoniс on calves of the Holstein breed raised in «Sovkhoz Golovkovo» in dairy farm «Kryukovo». Two groups of XNUMX calves were formed in each experimental group, the Abiotonic feed additive was soldered at a rate of XNUMX ml/kg live weight. In order to determine the effectiveness of the feed additive, we studied the indicators of the clinical status of calves and a biochemical and general blood test. As a result, the use of the Abiotonic feed additive at a dose of XNUMX ml/kg of calf live weight has been established that it does not negatively affect the physiological parameters of the clinical status of animals. The use of the abiotonic feed additive increases the average daily gain of calves by XNUMX gramms compared with the control group. The results of blood tests suggest a reliable stimulating effect of the Abiotonic feed supplement on metabolic processes, increasing the parameters characterizing hematopoiesis. Thus, the Abiotonic feed additive can be recommended for use by animals during the period of active growth and development of the body, to stimulate weight gain, and activate animal metabolism, and prevent anemia and hypotrophy.

The article provides information about the commodity and technological properties of fresh-dry skins obtained from silver foxes infested with the nematode Toxascaris leonina, when added to the feed of the therapeutic and preventive complex DLK. Changes in the composition of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract were shown in helminthiasis, and a violation of the formation of hair in young silver foxes was found, which further leads to a deterioration in the quality of freshdry skin. The addition of a sulfur-containing complex to the feed mixture allows infested animals to recover their hair faster, improve their product and technological properties, and improve the quality of fresh – dry silver Fox skins of cellular breeding

Экспериментальные исследования кормовых добавок Абиотоник и Чиктоник проводили на базе вивария кафедры эпизоотологии и организации ветеринарного дела, а ветеринарносанитарную экспертизу продуктов убоя цыплятбройлеров проводили на кафедре паразитологии и ветеринарносанитарной экспертизы ФГБОУ ВО МГАВМиБ МВА имени К.И. Скрябина и ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН, аминокислотный состав мяса перепелов в Государственном бюджетном учреждении Краснодарского края Кропоткинская краевая ветеринарная лаборатория . Из цыплят в суточном возрасте кросса Кобб500 было сформировано три группы по 10 голов в каждой две опытные и контрольная опытным группам выпаивали кормовые добавки из расчета 1 мл/кг живой массы птицы до 50 суток выращивания, убой птицы проводили на 56 сутки. Тушки птицы после 24х часов созревания в холодильной камере при температуре 4 С подвергали исследованиям по общепринятым методикам: ГОСТ Р 519442002. Мясо птицы. Методы органолептических показателей, температуры и массы ГОСТ 314702012. Мясо птицы, субпродукты и полуфабрикаты из мяса птицы. Методы органолептических и физикохимических исследований аминокислотный состав мяса исследовали согласно М 0438 2009. Корма, комбикорма и сырье для их производства. Методика измерений массовой доли аминокислот методом капиллярного электрофореза с использованием системы капиллярного электрофореза Капель. Применение кормовых добавок в дозе 1 мл/кг живой массы способствовало увеличению живой массы птицы при применении Абиотоника на 54,23, а при применении Чиктоника на 37,70 по отношению к контролю. Во всех исследуемых пробах количество ЛЖК находится в пределах нормы и составило: в 1й опытной 1,390,03 мг КОН, во 2й опытной 1,420,04 мг КОН и в контрольной группе 1,810,06 мг КОН, что говорит о свежести и доброкачественности мяса. Значение рН мяса цыплятбройлеров находилось в трех группах в пределах нормы и не превышало 6,0. По результатам проведенных исследований аминокислотного состава красной и белой мышечной ткани цыплятбройлеров было установлено, что применение кормовой добавки Абиотоник способствовало увеличению незаменимых аминокислот на 12,14 и на 22,84 соответственно, а заменимых на 8,11 и на 22,51 по отношению к контрольной группеExperimental studies of feed additives Abiotonik and Chiktonik were conducted on the basis of the vivarium of the Department of Epizootology and Organization of Veterinary, and the veterinarysanitary examination of the products of slaughter broiler chickens was carried out at the Department of Parasitology and VeterinarySanitary Expertise of FSBEI HE MGAVMiB MBA named after KI Scriabin and the FSBI of the Federal Research Center of the VIEW RAS, the amino acid composition of quail meat in the State budget institution of the Krasnodar Territory Kropotkinskaya regional veterinary laboratory. Three groups of 10 animals each were formed from chickens at the daily age of the Cobb500 crosscountry, the experimental groups were fed feed additives at the rate of 1 ml / kg of live weight of poultry for up to 50 days of cultivation, and poultry were slaughtered for 56 days. Poultry carcasses after 24 hours of maturation in a refrigerating chamber at a temperature of 4 C were subjected to research according to generally accepted methods: GOST R 519442002. Poultry meat Methods of organoleptic characteristics, temperature and mass GOST 314702012 Poultry meat, offal and semifinished products from poultry meat. Methods of organoleptic and physicochemical studies) Amino acid composition of meat was carried out according to M 04382009. Feed, feed and raw materials for their production. Methods of measuring the mass fraction of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis using the Cappel capillary electrophoresis system. The use of feed additives in a dose of 1 ml / kg of live weight contributed to an increase in live weight of the bird when using Abiotonics by 54.23, and when using Chictonics by 37.70 relative to the control. In all studied samples, the number of VFAs is within the normal range and amounted to 1.39 0.03 mg KOH in 1 experimental group, 1.42 0.04 mg KOH in 2 experimental groups and 1.81 0.06 in the control group. mg KOH, which speaks of the freshness and goodness of meat. The pH of broiler chicken meat was in three groups within the normal range and did not exceed 6.0. According to the results of studies of the amino acid composition of red and white muscle tissue of broiler chickens, it was found that the use of the feed additive Abiotonik contributed to an increase in essential amino acids by 12.14 and by 22.84, and by replaceable ones by 8.11 and by 22.51 relative to the control group.Экспериментальные исследования кормовых добавок Абиотоник и Чиктоник проводили на базе вивария кафедры эпизоотологии и организации ветеринарного дела, а ветеринарносанитарную экспертизу продуктов убоя цыплятбройлеров проводили на кафедре паразитологии и ветеринарносанитарной экспертизы ФГБОУ ВО МГАВМиБ МВА имени К.И. Скрябина и ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН, аминокислотный состав мяса перепелов в Государственном бюджетном учреждении Краснодарского края Кропоткинская краевая ветеринарная лаборатория . Из цыплят в суточном возрасте кросса Кобб500 было сформировано три группы по 10 голов в каждой две опытные и контрольная опытным группам выпаивали кормовые добавки из расчета 1 мл/кг живой массы птицы до 50 суток выращивания, убой птицы проводили на 56 сутки. Тушки птицы после 24х часов созревания в холодильной камере при температуре 4 С подвергали исследованиям по общепринятым методикам: ГОСТ Р 519442002. Мясо птицы. Методы органолептических показателей, температуры и массы ГОСТ 314702012. Мясо птицы, субпродукты и полуфабрикаты из мяса птицы. Методы органолептических и физикохимических исследований аминокислотный состав мяса исследовали согласно М 0438 2009. Корма, комбикорма и сырье для их производства. Методика измерений массовой доли аминокислот методом капиллярного электрофореза с использованием системы капиллярного электрофореза Капель. Применение кормовых добавок в дозе 1 мл/кг живой массы способствовало увеличению живой массы птицы при применении Абиотоника на 54,23, а при применении Чиктоника на 37,70 по отношению к контролю. Во всех исследуемых пробах количество ЛЖК находится в пределах нормы и составило: в 1й опытной 1,390,03 мг КОН, во 2й опытной 1,420,04 мг КОН и в контрольной группе 1,810,06 мг КОН, что говорит о свежести и доброкачественности мяса. Значение рН мяса цыплятбройлеров находилось в трех группах в пределах нормы и не превышало 6,0. По результатам проведенных исследований аминокислотного состава красной и белой мышечной ткани цыплятбройлеров было установлено, что применение кормовой добавки Абиотоник способствовало увеличению незаменимых

The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the profiles of permafrost-affected peat mounds is related to certain groups of plant residues produced in the Atlantic climatic optimum of the Holocene. Both “heavy” (benzo[ghi]perylene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) and “light” (pyrene and naphthalene) PAHs predominate in them. The polyarenes preserved in the permafrost horizons are not subjected to transformation in contrast to the polyarenes in the active layer. Dynamic freeze–thaw processes at the boundary between seasonally thawed and permanently frozen layers result in considerable transformation of plant remains, humic substances, and nonspecific organic compounds with the accumulation of 5–6-nuclear PAH structures. The composition of PAHs in peatlands and a significant increase in the weight fraction of PAHs at the boundary between seasonally thawed and permafrost layers may serve as indicators of permafrost response to climate changes in high latitudes.

The effect of mineral filler compounds on vapor permeability and hygroscopic properties of water-based polymer dispersions and the possibility of their use as decorative and protective material for stucco facades finishing was studied. According to Facade Protection Theory (H.M. Künzel), the assessment criterion was vapor permeability and water vapor diffusivity. The pairwise correlation of building physical properties of water-based polymer dispersions in the coordinates of Künzel's diagram clearly demonstrates that, in terms of hygroscopic, all the samples studied correspond to the low hygroscopic class, and in terms of vapor, they are close to high water vapour diffusion rate class.

Reaction of avermectin B1 hemisuccinate with N-hydroxysuccinimide and N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide followed by amination provided succinic monoamide avermectine esters that are potential antiparasitics.

Reaction of 4″O,5O-bis(chloroacetyl)ivermectin with amines in the presence of sulfur provided the corresponding bis(2-amino-2-thioxoacetyl) derivatives that are potential antiparasitics.

The major anthelminthic substances - alternative medicine components, distinct types of pluripotent synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals – are discussed in this study. Much attention is paid to the sections devoted to recent discoveries (Emodepside, Monepantel, Derquantel, Tribendimidine) and to some promising works. The overview further covers certain elements of anthelminthic substance molecular mechanisms of action, helminth adaptability to anthelminthic chemicals, and alternate worming therapy alternatives. Anthelminthic substances are synthetic non-organic and organic or natural compounds. Based on the systemic analysis of particular features of the chemical structure of anthelminthic substances, the hypothesis on the viability of the targeted search for such compounds among the derivatives of conditionally progenitor cyclic hydrocarbons – benzene, indene, naphthalene, 1Н-cyclopenth [a]-naphthalene and phenanthrene – by alternating absolutely unsaturated and saturated structures, including heterocyclic analogues containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur and different substitutes and functional groups, was voiced.

The results of a study of the content of heavy metals in fruticose epiphytic lichens in the taiga zone of the European Northeast of Russia (Republic of Komi) are presented. The content of elements in lichens in this area is at the background level for the northern part of Eurasia. A series of accumulated heavy metals in lichen have been established. Metal distribution mapping has made it possible to differentiate areas with respect to the level of their accumulation. The accumulation of mercury by lichen increases and the contents of manganese, coper, and cadmium decreases from the southwest to the northeast.

In the article, the mechanism of electrokinetic’s dewatering of wood electro-osmosis is considered. Models of a structure of a double electric-layer are considered. The electrokinetic way of wood dewatering is the most effective method. Its energy intensity is minimal. In given article results of experiments, bipolar electrokinetic’s dewatering of wood of various species of wood is considered. The bi-polar expiration of a liquid from wood is observed for use as a material of the anode of the titan, aluminum, tin, lead, and the alloys containing these materials. Most effectively wood dewatering is made across fibers. The speed of wood de-watering depends on intensity is established.

The distribution of signaling molecules following mechanical or chemical stimulation of a cell defines cell polarization, with regions of high active Cdc42 at the front and low active Cdc42 at the rear. As reaction-diffusion phenomena between signaling molecules, such as Rho GTPases, define the gradient dynamics, we hypothesize that the cell shape influences the maintenance of the “front-to-back” cell polarization patterns. We investigated the influence of cell shape on the Cdc42 patterns using an established computational polarization model. Our simulation results showed that not only cell shape but also Cdc42 and Rho-related (in)activation parameter values affected the distribution of active Cdc42. Despite an initial Cdc42 gradient, the in silico results showed that the maximal Cdc42 concentration shifts in the opposite direction, a phenomenon we propose to call “reverse polarization”. Additional in silico analyses indicated that “reverse polarization” only occurred in a particular parameter value space that resulted in a balance between inactivation and activation of Rho GTPases. Future work should focus on a mathematical description of the underpinnings of reverse polarization, in combination with experimental validation using, for example, dedicated FRET-probes to spatiotemporally track Rho GTPase patterns in migrating cells. In summary, the findings of this study enhance our understanding of the role of cell shape in intracellular signaling.

We previously found that surface topographies induce the expression of the Scxa gene, encoding Scleraxis in tenocytes. Because Scxa is a TGF-beta responsive gene, we investigated the link between mechanotransduction and TGF-beta signaling. We discovered that mesenchymal stem cells exposed to both micro-topographies and TGF-beta 2 display synergistic induction of SMAD phosphorylation and transcription of the TGF-beta target genes SCX, alpha-SMA, and SOX9. Pharmacological perturbations revealed that Rho/ROCK/SRF signaling is required for this synergistic response. We further found an activation of the early response genes SRF and EGR1 during the early adaptation phase on micro-topographies, which coincided with higher expression of the TGF-beta type II receptor gene. Of interest, PKC activators Prostratin and Ingenol-3, known for inducing actin reorganization and activation of serum response elements, were able to mimic the topography-induced TGF-beta response. These findings provide novel insights into the convergence of mechanobiology and TGF-beta signaling, which can lead to improved culture protocols and therapeutic applications.

The prevention of biofilm development on the surfaces of implanted medical devices is a global challenge for the healthcare sector. Bioinstructive materials that intrinsically prevent bacterial biofilm formation and drive an appropriate host immune response are required to reduce the burden of healthcare associated infections. Although bacterial surface attachment is sensitive to micro- and nano- surface topographies, its exploitation has been limited by the lack of unbiased high throughput biomaterial screens combined with model-based methods capable of generating correlations and predicting generic responses. Consequently, we sought to fill this knowledge gap by using polymer chips (TopoChips) incorporating 2,176 combinatorially generated micro-topographies. Specific surface topographies exerted a profound impact on bacterial pathogen attachment independent of surface chemistry. A strong correlation between local surface landscape, bacterial attachment and biofilm formation was established using machine learning methods to facilitate analysis of specific surface parameters for predicting attachment. In vitro, lead topographies prevented colonization by motile (P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis) and non-motile ( Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumanii bacterial pathogens. In a murine foreign body infection model, specific anti-attachment topographies were shown to be refractory to P. aeruginosa colonization.

In the present study, ultrathin poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) films were fabricated using the spin-coating technique. Physicochemical properties of the formed materials, including their morphology, thickness, transparency, and contact angle, have been studied. We determined that the morphology of PLLA films could be regulated by changing the polymer concentration and humidity. By altering the humidity, microporous and flat PLLA films can be fabricated. The obtained samples were subsequently used for culturing mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. It has been determined that cells effectively adhered to prepared films and formed on them a monolayer culture with high viability. It has been shown that PLLA films are suitable for the entrapment of curcumin (up to 12.1 μm cm−2) and provide its sustained release in solutions isotonic to blood plasma. The obtained PLLA films appear to be prospective materials for potential application in regenerative medicine as part of cell-containing tissue engineered dressings for chronic wound treatment.

The molecular structure of humus substances from permafrost-affected peat mounds of the East European forest-tundra has been studied with the use of up to date physicochemical methods (13С NMR, EPR spectroscopy). The structural-functional parameters of humus substances from these soils are specified by the integral action of cryogenic processes in the active layer, natural selection of aromatic structures in the course of humification, and by the species composition and degree of peat decomposition; they reflect the climatic conditions of peat formation in the Holocene. Humic acids of peat bogs are represented by low-condensed molecular structures with the low portion of carbon atoms of aromatic components, which increases down the soil profile, and by with the high content of non-oxidized aliphatic fragments. Active changes in the portions of aromatic and non-oxidized aliphatic fragments take place at the lower boundary of the active layer in the soils of bare peat spots. Such changes may serve as the basis for further search of the bioindicators of recent climate changes.

Reaction of avermectin B1 with succinic acid monoethyl ester chloride under catalysis of 2,6-lutidine provided hitherto unknown 5-O-mono- and 4″,5-O, O-bis-derivatives with ethyl succinoyl moiety that are potential antiparasitics.

Graphical abstract, Human epidermal stem cells initiate terminal differentiation when spreading is restricted on ECM-coated micropatterned islands, soft hydrogels or hydrogel-nanoparticle composites with high nanoparticle spacing. The effect of substrate topography, however, is incompletely understood. To explore this, primary human keratinocytes enriched for stem cells were seeded on a topographical library with over 2000 different topographies in the micrometre range. Twenty-four hours later the proportion of cells expressing the differentiation marker transglutaminase-1 was determined by high content imaging. As predicted, topographies that prevented spreading promoted differentiation. However, we also identified topographies that supported differentiation of highly spread cells. Topographies supporting differentiation of spread cells were more irregular than those supporting differentiation of round cells. Low topography coverage promoted differentiation of spread cells, whereas high coverage promoted differentiation of round cells. Based on these observations we fabricated a topography in 6-well plate format that supported differentiation of spread cells, enabling us to examine cell responses at higher resolution. We found that differentiated spread cells did not assemble significant numbers of hemidesmosomes, focal adhesions, adherens junctions, desmosomes or tight junctions. They did, however, organise the actin cytoskeleton in response to the topographies. Rho kinase inhibition and blebbistatin treatment blocked the differentiation of spread cells, whereas SRF inhibition did not. These observations suggest a potential role for actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction in the topography-induced differentiation of spread cells. Statement of Significance The epidermis is the outer covering of the skin. It is formed by layers of cells called keratinocytes. The basal cell layer contains stem cells, which divide to replace cells in the outermost layers that are lost through a process known as differentiation. In this manuscript we have developed surfaces that promote the differentiation of epidermal stem cells in order to understand the signals that control differentiation. The experimental tools we have developed have the potential to help us to devise new treatments that control diseases such as psoriasis and eczema in which epidermal stem cell proliferation and differentiation are disturbed.

This paper reviews the theories and models of oxide film formation on the surface of titanium. The oxide film plays the role of a sub-lubricating layer that prevents the treated metal from sticking to the tool and holds lubricant on its surface. The production of titanium wire is produced on wire-drawing machines and one of the features of titanium processing is its tendency to stick to the fiber. The study of the mechanism of oxide film formation allows to choose the electrolyte and anodizing parameters (temperature, anodizing time, voltage and current density), which provide an increase in the quality of the finished product.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity is an alarming health issue worldwide. Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), and it is associated with diminished brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. Twist1 acts as a negative feedback regulator of BAT metabolism. Therefore, targeting Twist1 could become a strategy for obesity and metabolic disease. Here, we have identified miR-337-3p as an upstream regulator of Twist1. Increased miR-337-3p expression paralleled decreased expression of TWIST1 in BAT compared to WAT. Overexpression of miR-337-3p in brown pre-adipocytes provoked a reduction in Twist1 expression that was accompanied by increased expression of brown/mitochondrial markers. Luciferase assays confirmed an interaction between the miR-337 seed sequence and Twist1 3&prime, UTR. The inverse relationship between the expression of TWIST1 and miR-337 was finally validated in adipose tissue samples from non-MetS and MetS subjects that demonstrated a dysregulation of the miR-337-Twist1 molecular axis in MetS. The present study demonstrates that adipocyte miR-337-3p suppresses Twist1 repression and enhances the browning of adipocytes.

The major and trace element compositions of stratified frozen peatlands in the forest–tundra of Northeastern European Russia were determined for the first time. The upper level of trace element accumulation was confined to the active (seasonally thawed) layer owing to airborne contamination over a long time span and related to the bioaccumulation of Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, and other heavy metals (HMs) by plants and humus materials. The character of element accumulation and migration in the active layer is controlled by the stability of HM humates. Under high-acidity conditions, HMs are highly mobile and migrate to the lower boundary of the active layer, which is indicated by an increase in the fraction of water-soluble forms of a number of elements. Analysis with a scanning electron microscope revealed the presence of spherical and semispherical particles up to 1 μm in size containing Pb, Zn, Cr, and Ni in the upper peat levels, which indicates an anthropogenic source of their input owing to long-distance and local transport of air masses. The central level of element accumulation was confined to peat layers in the permafrost zone (60–120 cm), where enrichment in As and Cd relative to the mean contents in the Earth’s crust (and approximate permissible concentrations, APC, for soils) and accumulation of Fe, Al, S, and siderophile elements were observed. The source rocks of the peatlands are loams enriched in Cd, Zn, and As. The statistical analysis of relations of the contents of major and trace elements in the stratified peat horizons with the composition of peat-forming materials showed a significant contribution of the biogenic accumulation of elements.