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Migraine with brainstem aura (MBA) accompanied by disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a rare subtype of migraine. The pathophysiology of MBA with DOC has not been elucidated yet. Some patients have a family history of migraine, and women are more affected than men. The aura symptoms are diverse; however, when MBA is combined with DOC, the clinical manifestations are more complicated. Coma is the most common clinical manifestation. The overall duration of the patient’s DOC is short and can often return to normal within half an hour. Headache often occurs after regaining consciousness and can also occur at the same time as DOC. The most common headache is located at the occipital region. Although DOC is reversible, considering the current small number of cases, we still need to improve our understanding of the disease to avoid misdiagnosis. The MBA patient’s electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow perfusion may have transient changes and may return to normal in the interictal period or after the DOC. Although triptans have traditionally been contraindicated in MBA under drug instructions, the evidence of basilar artery constriction, as postulated in MBA, is lacking. Lasmiditan is currently the first and only 5-HT 1F receptor agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists and monoclonal antibody therapies may be the most promising for future consideration. Here, the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, and treatment progress for MBA with DOC are reviewed.

The n%-SnO2/SiO2 (n = 2, 4, 6) supported catalyst was prepared by the sol–gel and calcination method. Compared with the traditional impregnation method, the catalyst prepared by sol–gel method has higher oxidative desulfurization activity.

A coordination polymer with dual functions of high proton conductivity and highly sensitive fluorescent sensors demonstrates a great application potential. In this work, a cadmium-based coordination polymer (denoted as CP 1) with hydrothermal stability was synthesized. The abundant coordination water, lattice water, and amino groups make an extended hydrogen-bonding pathway for efficient proton migration, which endows CP 1 with the highest proton conductivity of 2.41 × 10-3 S·cm-1 at 353 K and 98% RH. Especially, the proton conductivity of the chitosan (CS) hybrid membrane containing CP 1 reaches a maximum value of 2.62 × 10-2 S·cm-1 under 343 K and 98% RH, which increases almost 7 times higher than that of the pure CS membrane due to the host-guest collaboration. Furthermore, luminescence studies revealed that CP 1 is a high-sensitivity and good-selectivity fluorescent probe for the detection of trace amounts of l-histidine with a lowest detection limit of 1.0 × 10-8 M.

Isoquercitrin (ISO), an extract from Chinese traditional herb, exhibits potent neuroprotective roles in various disease models. However, its role in stroke is not fully understood. We established oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in SH-SY5Y cell to study the roles of ISO in stroke. In the experiment, the changes of LDH level and cell viability (MTT) were analyzed. Apoptotic cells stained with anti-Annexin V antibody and propidium iodide (PI) were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein level of aldolase C (ALDOC) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting assay, respectively. The localization of Nrf2 was investigated by immunofluorescent assay. OGD/R reduced cell viability via inducing cell apoptosis, while ISO treatment reduced the level of apoptosis in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells ISO rescued OGD/R-treated cells. Mechanistically, the expression of Nrf2 and ALDOC was upregulated upon ISO treatment, while knockdown of ALDOC diminished the activation of autophagy and hence inhibited ISO-mediated protective activity. We further demonstrated that ISO enhanced ALDOC transcription by promoting nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and suppression of Nrf2 decreased the expression of ALDOC. Our data revealed that ISO exhibited neuroprotective activity in OGD/R model through Nrf2-ALDOC-autopagy axis and highlighted the potential application of ISO in stroke treatment.

A series of Bronsted-Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) of C 9 H 10 O 2 ·XZnCl 2 (X from 0.5 to 3) were synthesized by simple mixing. The DESs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The desulfurization of a model oil was investigated using C 9 H 10 O 2 ·XZnCl 2 as the extraction agent and catalyst, and H 2 O 2 as the oxidant. The effects of the molar ratio of phenylpropanoic acid to zinc chloride, reaction temperature, oxygen to sulfur (O/S) molar ratio, and volume ratio of DESs to oil on the desulfurization rate were investigated. The optimal conditions for desulfurization were determined to be a phenylpropanoic acid to zinc chloride ratio of 2:1, a reaction temperature of 50 °C, an O/S ratio of 6, a DESs to oil volume ratio of 0.25:1, and a model oil dosage of 5 mL. Under the optimal conditions, a desulfurization rate of 99.23% in 80 min was achieved. The recyclability of the DESs was also investigated, and the results showed that the desulfurization rate decreased slightly after five runs. These results demonstrate that C 9 H 10 O 2 ·0.5ZnCl 2 DESs exhibit high desulfurization activity and stability in extraction and oxidation desulfurization systems.

Propionic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (C3H6O2/X ZnCl2, X from 0.1 to 0.6) were synthesized by stirring a mixture of propionic acid and zinc chloride at 100 °C. C3H6O2/0.5 ZnCl2 was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model oil and gasoline was investigated with C3H6O2/0.5 ZnCl2 DESs as an extractant and catalyst, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. Some influence factors such as acidity of DESs, reaction temperature, H2O2 to sulfur (H2O2/S) molar ratio, and volume ratio of DESs to oil were studied. The results indicated that the desulfurization rates of dibenzothiophene (DBT), 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), and gasoline can reach 99.42%, 98.80%, and 66.67%, respectively, under conditions of 30 °C, an H2O2/S molar ratio of 4, and volume ratio of DESs to oil of 0.15/1 over a period of 180 min. The desulfurization rate of DBT in model oil reached 96.31% after five recycles in the C3H6O2/0.5 ZnCl2–H2O2 systems.

With abscibe acid as combustion agent, Zn (NO3)27H2O and Ce (NO3)36H2O as raw material, the CeO2-ZnO composite oxide was synthesized by an novel combustion method. The experiment investaged the effect of molar ratio of combustion agents, Zn and Ce on composite oxides. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, IR, UV. The molar ratio of Ce, Zn and combustion agents is different, the composite oxides possess various morphology and properities. The photocatalytic experiment of composite oxide showed that under the optimal photocatalytic condition Methylene blue solution is completely degradated to need 240 min and under the optimal decoloring condition Methylene blue solution is completely decolorized to need 180 min.

A novel heterometallic complex, [Ni{sub 2}Mn(N{sub 3}){sub 2}(nic){sub 4}·(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{sub n} (1) (nic=nicotinate), was obtained by assembling MnCl{sub 2}·4H{sub 2}O, Ni(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}·6H{sub 2}O, NaN{sub 3} and nicotinic acid with a “one step” synthetic strategy—hydrothermal reaction. The 3D structure of the complex can be described as end-on (EO) azido and syn,syn carboxylates mixed bridged by alternate Ni–Mn–Ni trimers linked by the nicotinate. Dominant ferromagnetic interactions were observed between the Ni{sup II} and Mn{sup II} ions in the trimer. - Graphical abstract: A novel heterometallic 3D complex [Ni{sub 2}Mn(N{sub 3}){sub 2}(nic){sub 4}·(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{sub n} (1) (nic=nicotinate) was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction. This complex exhibits interesting structural and magnetic properties. - Highlights: • It is difficult to construct simple coordination complexes with azide as “ligands” to obtain heterometallic metal–azido compounds. • A “one-step” method—hydrothermal reaction— was introduced to avoid the disadvantages of azide mentioned above. • The magnetic property is different with the isostructural homometal–azido complex due to the changed metal center.

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms and their negative impacts on water ecosystems and human health have been reported all over the world, and Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the most dominant and ecologically damaging species in eutrophic lakes such as Dianchi Lake and Taihu Lake in China. Although physical or chemical control of the blooms is possible in short period, these methods could cause other problems. Thus, there is still a need for research on biological factors controlling cyanobacteria blooms. We screened part of the Yunnan University actinomycete strain library and found that the extract of Streptomyces hebeiensis YIM 001 T exhibited obvious inhibition on M. aeruginosa . The main component – nanaomycin A methyl ester (NAME) was isolated at a level of 20 mg L −1 by scale-up fermentation. Lytic mechanism experiments of NAME on M. aeruginosa demonstrated it could effectively inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa (EC 50 at 72 h = 2.97 mg L −1 ), hinder cell division and enlarge cell size. NAME damaged M. aeruginosa cells as evidenced by decreases in algal activity, biomass, esterase activity and chlorophyll- a content. The SOD activity of the treated cells initially increased, and then decreased together with a gradual increase in both O 2 − and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, consistent with inhibitory effects of NAME due to lipid peroxidation damage of the algal cell membrane. The results suggest that NAME is effective for controlling undesired cyanobacteria and the Chl -fluorescence is a potential endpoint to assay the NAME eco-toxicity on cyanobacteria.

Zirconium diboride nano-powders were synthesized by novel sol-gel technology using zirconium oxychloride, boric acid and sucrose as row materials. Different sol network modifiers, such as propylene oxide (PO) and citric acid (CA), were used to control the formation of zirconia precursor sol, respectively. PO could stabilize the sol by protonation and ring-opening reactions, and CA could form the sol network by chelation, then transformed to gel network. Gel was dried, ground, and exposed to carbonthermal reduction heat treatment (1500°C, 2h, flowing 95%argon mix with 5% hydrogen) to prepare ZrB2 nano-powders. In this study, effects of sol network modifiers on preparation procedure, powder characteristics were performed by using Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The purity of ZrB2 will improve by increasing the molar ratio of B/Zr, the photomicrograph revealed nearly pure ZrB2 nano-powders with spherical shape of 50-200nm and well dispersed were obtained with a molar ratio of B/Zr of 3.0 at 1500°C for 2h using PO as chemical modifier.

The effective dissolution method of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric acid (TFIBA) to rice plant growth was examined. Elongation of rice seminal root was promoted approximately 80% by continuous supply of 10-5 mol L-1 TFIBA dissolved in water. The primitive effect of TFIBA dissolved in DMSO on root elongation was greater than that of TFIBA dissolved in water, and the length of root was significantly increased by 233% by treatment with TFIBA at 10-5 mol L-1, compared with that in untreated control seedlings. However, DMSO occurred increase of root weight and showed somewhat disadvantage about reproducibility of TFIBA effect. In contrast, the reproducibility of TFIBA effect was high in the solution prepared with water.

A novel three-dimensional chiral heterometallic 3d–3d azido complex, [Co2Zn(N3)4(pyzc)2]∞(1) (pyzc = 2-pyrazinecarboxylate), was obtained by assembling CoII, ZnII, azido, and pyrazine carboxylate under solvothermal condition. The structure of the complex can be described as end-on (EO) azido, end-to-end (EE) azido mixed bridged alternate Co–Zn chains linked by the 2-pyrazinecarboxylate. Magnetic studies indicate that dominant anti-ferromagnetic coupling interactions exist in the complex.

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used to predict the relative amounts of various sizes of fine particles in Athabasca oil sands. The method is based on regression analysis of element concentration data for 529 oil sand test portions, determined by INAA, against particle size distributions determined by three currently used methods. The most important elements for the estimation of particle sizes below 44 μm were found to be aluminum, sodium, and manganese. The INAA estimation method works because variation in elemental composition within particle size fractions in oil sands up to at least 44 μm is relatively small, whereas the variation between size fractions is significant. The new method does not involve the use of organic solvents, is faster and simpler to perform than the methods currently in use, and is comparable in precision. It has the added advantages that it can be readily automated, and concentrations of elements of special interest in oil sand processing, such as chlorine, are obtained simultaneously.

During the course of our research on new actinobacterial sources, a novel actinomycete strain YIM 63101(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L. collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed well-differentiated aerial and substrate mycelia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 63101(T) belongs to the genus Pseudonocardia, with highest similarity to "Pseudonocardia artemisiae YIM 63587(T)" (99.4%). Sequence similarities between strain YIM 63101(T) and the other Pseudonocardia species ranged from 97.0 (Pseudonocardia saturnea IMSNU 20052(T)) to 94.0% (Pseudonocardia compacta IMSNU 20111(T)). The chemotaxonomic characteristics, such as cell wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and the major menaquinones suggested that the organism belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 69.4 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic data, including low DNA-DNA hybridization results, it is proposed that strain YIM 63101(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, named Pseudonocardia bannaensis sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 63101(T) (= CCTCC AA 208077 (T) = DSM 45300(T)).