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For the first time, glycosidase (EC 3.2.2.) activity was applied to characterize and identify vegetables. To measure glycosidase activity in vegetables, 4-methylumbelliferyl (4MU) glycoside (Gly) was employed as the fluorescence enzyme substrate. By using either a cuvette-type or a 96-well micro-plate-type fluorescence reader, 7 kinds of glycosidase, including α- d -glucosidase (α-Glc-ase), β- d -glucosidase (β-Glc-ase), β- d -galactosidase (Gal-ase), α- d -mannnosidase (Man-ase), N-acetyl-β- d -glucosaminidase (GlcNAc-ase), β- d -glucuronidase (GA-ase) and β- d -xylosidase (Xyl-ase) were measured by incubating extracts of vegetables in the presence of 4MU-Gly at pH 6.0 for 60 min at 38 °C. After optimizing, both methods were applied to food matrices that included 10 different vegetables. Results of the application to both domestic and imported garlic ( Allium sativum ) and broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica ), revealed that the glycosidase activities of Man-ase and GlcNAc-ase showed significant differences ( p n = 10) between domestic and imported varieties for both vegetables. Furthermore, the glycosidase activities in 30 heads of cabbage ( B. oleracea L. var. capitata ) itemized into 6 different cultivars were measured, and each profile was analyzed by employing a multivariate analysis. The results of their chemometric analyses showed that 29 out of 30 heads of cabbage were simultaneously and correctly discriminated into 6 different cultivars.

Electrophysiological studies (1-4) have shown that chlorpromazine acts on the several subcortical structures such as the brainstem reticular formation, hypothalamus and limbic system but does not appear to have significant effects on the cerebral cortex and thalamic relay nuclei. A reduction of the spontaneous unit activity by the drug has been reported in the reticular formation by Bradley (5) and Adey et al. (6), in the globus pallidus by Adey and Dunlop (7) and in the lateral hypothalamus by Zukauskas and Machine (8). However, information about effects of chlorpromazine on single neurons in the nuclear structures of the brainstem is still insufficient. We have studied the effects of morphine, aminopyrine and metoclopramide on the unit activities of single neurons in the subcortical areas (9-12), and have investigated the possible sites of action of these centrally affecting agents. The present experiment is an attempt to elucidate the mode of action of chlorpromazine upon the unit discharges in the Nucleus tractus solitarii, Nucleus vestibularis lateralis and Nucleus sensorius superior n. trigemini on the encephale isole preparations of cats.

Since lowering effects of essential fatty acids and vegetable oil on the blood cholesterol level were reported by Tuttle (1), Kinsell et al. (2) and Vles et al. (3), the similar studies were further extended to unsaturated fatty acids of longer chains. The lowering effects of pure linoleate and arachidonate on the elevated blood cholesterol level were presented by Kinsell et al. (2) and Kingsbury (4). However, the recent study by Beveridge and Connell (5) has shown that the large doses of margarine which contained large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids produced a slight elevation of the blood cholesterol level in humans. The histologically atherosclerotic or atheromatous changes of the tissues in rabbits caused by feeding with the diet containing between 1 and 3% of cholesterol for about 60 days were confirmed by many investigators including the present authors (6). In the present experiments attempts were made to observe the effects of mixing of linoleic acid ethylester in the high cholesterol diet on the atheromatous changes and to compare the difference in the effects of the mixings between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

It is well-known that antiphlogistics such as salicylates and pyrazolon derivatives have the multiple effects on tissue metabolism. These metabolic effects including inhibition of corticosteroid biotransformation, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, glycogenolysis, alteration of electrolyte balance and inhibition of mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis seem to merit attention in relation to their antiphlogistic activities (1-3). Tanabe and his co-workers (4, 5) have shown that a death caused by larger doses of phenylbutazone and 5-n-butyl-l-cyclohexyl-2, 4, 6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine (BCP) is probably due to the decompensation of adrenocortical function, since repeated administrations of these agents produce the diffuse hemorrhage and proliferation of adrenal cortex in the rat. Korus et al. (6) have reported that in the inactivation process of cortisone phenylbutazone not only inhibits the transformation of the α, β-unsaturated ketonic group of ring A, but also the degradation of the α-ketolic side chain of ring D. However, Dirscherl and Lutzmann (7) have observed only the inhibitory effect of aminophenazone on the reduction of ring A. These studies imply that the retardation of cortisone biotransformation is a possible component of the antiphlogistic action of these drugs. Ban (8) has emphasized that the site of stimulating action of aminopyrine is located in the hypothalamus. The hyperglycemic effects of morphine (9, 10) and salicylates (11) have been shown to be dependent on the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla presumably through the activation of the sympathetic centers in the brain. Therefore, it is conceivable that antiphlogistics such as aminopyrine, phenylbutazone, BCP and indomethacin modify the carbohydrate metabolism through the adrenal functions. The present experiment is an attempt to discover the effects of single and repeated administration of these antiphlogistics on the level of blood glucose in the rat.