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The reduction of cyclic acetals and ketals derived from aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes and ketones with CpTiCl3-LiAlH4 system in diethyl ether at 30°C affords the corresponding hydroxyethyl ethers and the corresponding alkyl benzene or aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The application of large amounts of fertilizers, a conventional practice in northern China for the production of vegetable crops, generally leads to substantial accumulation of soil nutrients within a relatively short period of time. A fixed field experiment was designed to study the effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizers applied to optimize the yield and quality of typical vegetable crops. Application of N and K fertilizers significantly increased the yields of kidney bean. The largest yields were obtained in the first and second years after application of 1500 kg N and 300 kg K2O ha^(-1). In the third year, however, there was a general decline in yields. Maximum yields occurred when intermediate rates of N and K (750 kg N and 300 kg K2O ha^(-1)) were applied. However, no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of vitamin C (VC) in kidney bean among different years and various rates of fertilizer treatments. Yields of tomato grown in rotation after kidney bean showed significant responses to the application of N and K in the first year. In the second year, the yields of tomato were much lower. This suggested that the application of N fertilizer did not have any effect upon tomato yield, whereas application of K fertilizer did increase the yield. Application of K fertilizer was often associated with increased sugar concentrations.

A series of water soluble N-polyhydroxyalkyl benzidine derivatives was synthesized. The oxidation of glucose–benzidine and fructose–benzidine by iodide was faster than that of benzidine, while N-substituted hydroxylethyl and N-mercaptoethyl benzidines were almost the same as benzidine. It was found that these compounds were able to stain peroxidase well, and compound 2 (fructose–benzidine conjugate) gave the best visualization, which was as good as benzidine.

Complexes of the type (ML . X H2O)n where M = Mn (II), Ni(II), Zn (II), Cd(II), Pb(II), L = (1-carbonylmethyl-1H-benzotriazole)-1-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (BPTSH2), X = 0, 1, 2 and n = degree of polymerization have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses along with IR and H-1 NMR spectra. Infrared spectra are consistent with tetradentate coordination involving the carbonyl and thiocarbonyl groups in conjunction with the adjacent nitrogen atoms (C = N groups) with each ligand binding to two metal centers. The result is proposed to be polymers that grow through consecutive ligand-metal linkages.

1-Ferrocenecarbonyl-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide, (FPTSH2), and its transition metal(II) [M=Co(II),Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Cd(II), UO2-(II), Pb(II)] complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV and thermal analyses. 1H NMR spectra of the ligand and the diamagnetic complexes are discussed. The complexes, except for (FPTSH)Pb(AcO)C2H5OH, are insoluble in water and in common organic solvents. The IR spectral data show that the ligand behaves in a bidentate, tridentate and tetradentate manner.

A new ligand, 1-[4-(2-phenyl)benzopyridineformyl]-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide, CPTSH2, has been synthesized by addition of phenylisothiocyanate to 4-(2-phenyl)benzopyridinefbrmyl hydrazide. Its divalent metal (Cu, Ni, Cd, Zn, Co, Pb) complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivities, MS, IR, 1H NMR, TGA and UV spectra. It is suggested that the complexes have four-coordinated polymer configurations. The IR and 1H NMR spectral data indicate that the ligand behaves as a dinegative, tetradentate species in the deprotonated complexes.

Two new ligands, salicylaldehyde— 1H-benzotriazol—1— acctylliydrazone and 2-hydroxy-naphthylaldehyde-1H-benzotriazol-1-acetyihydrazone have been synthesized and used in preparing some metal(II) complexes. Attempts have been made to ascertain their probable structures on the basis of elemental analyses, molar conductivities, IR, 1H NMR, TGA, UV and iluorescence spectra. It is suggested that the complexes have a four-coordinated, square-planar, dimer configuration. The IR and 1H NMR spectral data indicate that the ligands behave as dinegative, tridentate species in the dcprotonated complexes.

The comparison of chemical composition of genetic modification (GM) crops to their conventional counterparts forms the basis of safety assessment process for GM crops. In this study, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect the chemical and conformational changes between transgenic cotton seeds and their non-transgenic counterparts. The assignment of absorption bands and comparison in band areas of four regions from original FTIR spectra indicated that the contents of the compounds did not differ significantly between transgenic cotton seeds and their non-transgenic counterparts (P > 0.05). The comparison of Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD) and after peak-smoothing spectra in the region between 2000 and 1000 cm-1showed that the differences in band pattern can be observed obviously between transgenic cotton seeds and its counterpart, depending on the varieties. The changes in the protein profile of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton seeds Z30 were significant, both in multi-peaks-fitted protein structures and its ratios, compared with non-transgenic cotton seeds Z16 (P < 0.05). However, transgenic Bt + cowpea trypsin inhibitor (CpTI) cotton seeds SGK321, did not show significant changes, in comparison with non-transgenic cotton seeds SY321. These results indicated that both the indigenous and exogenous proteins structural changes in genetically modified organism (GMO) are worth being detected in detail for research related to its’ safety assessment. Key words: Transgenic, cotton seeds, safety assessment, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

Complexes of the type (ML · X H2O)n where M = Mn(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), L = (1-carbonylmethyl-1H-benzotriazole)-1-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (BPTSH2), X = 0, 1, 2 and n = degree of polymerization have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses along with IR and 1H NMR spectra. Infrared spectra are consistent with tetradentate coordination involving the carbonyl and thiocarbonyl groups in conjunction with the adjacent nitrogen atoms (C = N groups) with each ligand binding to two metal centers. The result is proposed to be polymers that grow through consecutive ligand-metal linkages. Referee I: B. N. Storhoff Referee II: E. A. Abbot

The ligand, 1—ferrocenecarbonyl-4-(α-naphthyl)-3-thiosemicarbazide, or (FNTSH2) and its metal(II) [M2+ = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, UO2+ 2] complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and thermal analyses. The 1H NMR spectra of the ligand are discussed. The complexes are insoluble in water and in common organic solvents. The IR spectral data show that the ligand behaves in a bidentate or tetradentate manner. Referee I: M. B. Sponsler Referee II: D. R. Tyler

Six new 3-substituted-6-ferrocenyl-1,2,4-triazolo-[3, 4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles have been synthesized by the condensation of 3-substituted-4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-s-triazoles with ferrocene carboxylic acid in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. These compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV and 1H NMR spectra. Referee I: C. A. Mirkin Referee II: N. Allison

A ferrocenyl thiosemicarbazide was prepared by treatment of ferrocene carboxylic acid hydrazide with phenylisothiocyanate. Cyclization of the thiosemicarbazide gave the 4,5-disubstituted-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. Alkylation of 4,5-disubstituted- 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with methyl iodide and propyl iodide as alkylating agents led to its derivatives. All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR and 1H NMR spectra. Referee I: R. D. Theys Referee II: U. T. Mueller-Westerhoff

Ferrocenylidene derivatives of 1H-benzotriazol-1-acetylhydrazines have been synthesised by condensing 1H-benzotriazol-1-acetic acid hydrazide with formylferrocene, acetylferrocene and 1,1′-diacetylferrocene. These organometallic compounds have been isolated and characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectral (IR, 1H NMR and 13 C NMR) studies.

A series of naphthalimides has been synthesized; 2,6-dimethyl-2,3H- furo[2,3-b][1]naphtho[4a,7a–e,f]pyrida-5,7-dione was obtained in a one-pot synthesis through the rearrangement and acidification of N- methyl-4-allyloxy-1,8-naphthalimide. The absoption and fluorescence of these furonaphthalimides and their precursors were recorded.

Ferrocenylidene derivatives of substituted tetrazol hydrazones have been synthesized by condensing formylferrocene with the respective tetrazol hydrazine. These organometallic compounds have been isolated and characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectral (IR and 1HNMR) studies.

Under aerobic conditions, the ruthenium (II) triphenylphosphine complex RuCl2(PPh3)3 reacts with a few ferrocene carboxylic acids in a mixture of THF and benzene to afford ruthenium(III) (carboxylato) complexes of the type, RuCl2(O2CR)(PPh3)2, where R = alkyl or aryl derivatives of bis (cyclopentadienyl) iron, the title complexes have been confirmed through element analytical, infrared and ESR spectral studies. Infrared spectra of the complexes suggest that the carboxylate groups of ligands coordinate to ruthenium (III) through the two oxygen donor atoms.

A series of CpTi(Cl) (Z-Z) complexes, where Cp = cyclopentadi-enyl, HZ-ZH = substituted and unsubstituted dihydric phenols, binaphthanols etc, have been synthesised and characterised on the basis of biphenols and their elemental analyses and spectral (IR and IH NMR) studies.