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Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor blocks the H+/K+-ATPase channels of gastric parietal cells. It is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Prolonged use of omeprazole may involve in inducing anemia. The key marker of eryptosis includes membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the cell surface. In current study, the eryptotic, oxidative as well as hemolytic effects of therapeutical doses (0.5, 1 and 1.5 µM) of omeprazole were investigated after exposing erythrocytes for 48 hours. Investigation of eryptosis was done by cell size measurement, PS exposure determination and calcium channel inhibition. As a possible mechanism of omeprazole induced eryptosis, oxidative stress was investigated by determining the catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Similarly, necrotic effect of omeprazole on erythrocytes was also evaluated through hemolysis measurement. Results of our study illustrated that 1.5 µM of omeprazole may induce significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities as well as triggered the erythrocytes shrinkage, PS exposure and hemolysis. Role of calcium was also confirmed in inducing erythrocyte shrinkage. It is concluded that the exposure of erythrocytes with 1.5 µM omeprazole may enhance the rate of eryptosis and hemolysis by inducing oxidative stress.

The aim of the research work was to synthesize different biologically active carbamate derivatives bearing 2-furoyl-1-piperazine and having modest toxicity. The synthesis was completed in multiple steps. The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was carried out by EI-MS, IR and 1 H-NMR spectral data. The enzyme inhibition and antibacterial potential of the synthesized compounds was evaluated. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the compounds was also checked to find their utility as possible therapeutic agents. All the compounds were active against acetylcholinesterase enzyme especially 12 and 14 showed very good inhibitory potential relative to Eserine, a reference standard. Almost all the compounds showed good activities against the both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.

In aromatic plants species, biosynthesis of essential oils occurs through two complex natural biochemical pathways involving different enzymatic reactions. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) are the universal precursors of essential oil biosynthesis and are produced by the cytosolic enzymatic MVA (mevalonic acid) pathway or by plastidic and enzymatic 1-deoxy-d-xylolose-5-phosphate (DXP) pathway, also called the 2-C-methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In the particular plant cell part, prenyl diphosphate synthases condense isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) further to form prenyl diphosphates, which are used as substrates for geranyl diphosphate (GPP; C10) or for fernesyl diphosphate (FPP; C15). Essential oils are final terpenoid products and are formed by a huge group of enzymes known as terpene synthases (TPS). Essential oils are important secondary metabolites of plants and have been used not only in different i...

Terpenoids are synthesized in plants through the mevalonate (MVA) and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways, among isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) as the central intermediate metabolite. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- Coenzyme A synthase (HMGS) is a subsequent enzyme in MVA pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis and catalyses the condensation of acetyl-CoA by acetoacetyl-CoA to yield HMG-CoA. Different genes of HMGS are present in different species of plants and animals for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The present study was planned to compare and analyse bioinformatically the HMG-CoA gene sequence of Brassica rapa with other sequences of different species. The gene sequence have 925 bp coding DNA sequence and was submitted in National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession Number. MF577077. The alignment of nucleotide and protein sequences was carried out through Geneious. Bioinformatics comparison including structural and functional analysis of HMG-CoA synthase like gene sequence isolated from Brassica rapa was carried out by using different bioinformatics tools and softwares. These comparisons gave a better information about properties, genetic and functional diversity of this gene along with amino acid substitutions.

In the present work, a new series of different 4-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl}-N-(substituted-phenyl) benzamides (5a-h) have been synthesized as possible therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was carried out by their IR, 1H-NMR and EI-MS spectral data. Enzyme inhibition activity was performed against butyrylcholinestrase enzyme, which revealed that, 4-{[4-(2-furoyl)-1- piperazinyl]methyl}-N-(4-ethylphenyl)benzamide (5b) showed excellent IC50 value 0.82 ± 0.001 μM relative to Eserine, a reference standard having IC50 value of 0.85 ± 0.0001 μM. The enhanced potential of this molecule may be attributed to the 4-ethylphenyl group. As the cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors are good targets for Alzheimer’s disease, therefore, the inhibition study of these synthesized molecules was carried out to discover their possible therapeutic effect as target for aforesaid disease.