Search

Diclofenac sodium is a Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs that if being taken orally have the side effects of peptic ulcers and undergone the first pass metabolism, and also included in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System class 2 which resulted in the low rate of dissolution. This study aims to determine the influence of particle size reduction on the dissolution rate of diclofenac sodium in the form of an FDOF dosage. The formation of diclofenac sodium nanoparticles is carried out by ionic gelation method using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker in various ratios characterized by Particle Size Analyzer and Scanning Electron Microscopy, then it is incorporated into the form of an FDOF that were prepared by solvent casting method at a dose of 12.5 mg using variations concentration of SSG as superdisintegrant and PEG 400 as plasticizer. From the research results, diclofenac sodium nanoparticles are formed in the ratio of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate 6:1, have a size of 804 nm and spherical-shaped. The best FDOF dosage formula is F8 containing HPMC E5 LV 35% as the film forming agent, SSG 8% as superdisintegrant and PEG 400 10% as plasticizer. FDOF formula containing diclofenac sodium nanoparticles has a slightly bitter taste, disintegration time less than one minute, surface pH around 7 (neutral), drug content that meets the requirements of the range of determination which is 93.24 ± 0.96, the cumulative amount of drug dissolved in the 28th minute is higher by 88.45% compared to FDOF containing diclofenac sodium raw material, which is only 70.0%.

Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is known to have activity as antioxidant and sunscreen due to its catechin compound. The major catechin-derived compound is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). However, EGCG in green tea leaves is unstable due to its rapid degradation and large molecular mass of 458 daltons, making it difficult to penetrate the skin. The purpose of this research is to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of green tea leaves ethanol extract using high speed homogenization and sonication method, as well as to evaluate SLN ability in improving extract stability as sunscreen using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. SLN formula contained 0,1% green tea leaves ethanol extract, and the most optimal formula was composed of 4% lipid (Precirol ATO 5:Gelucire 44/14) 4:1 and 1% Kolliphor P188 as surfactant. Characterization results showed particle size of 286.7 nm, polydispersity index 0.296, and zeta potential -3.7 mV. Photostability test using 120-minutes irradiation showed decrease in percentage of DPPH free radicals damping at 5.34% extract and 1.77% SLN for UVA, and 7.7% extract and 2.34% SLN for UVB.