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The chemical composition, structural features and bioactivities of chitosan derivatives were studied and reported here. Chitin and chitosan was extracted by chemical methods and yield was recorded 35% and 41%, moisture and ash has showed 7.4, 0.73, 1.2 and 0.79% and Ca was recorded high level (590 ppm). The IR spectrum has showed NH primary and secondary amines, OH group and several sugar stretching. N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), H-2 proton of glucosamine (GlcN), Anomeric protons, H-1 [GlcN (H-1D), GlcNAc (H-1A)] were noticed in 1H NMR and anomeric, methyl carbon atoms in 13C NMR. Rough surface, irregular block, crystalline with cluster and porosity structure was noticed by SEM observation. Antioxidant effect has showed good and concentration depended in four antioxidant assays. The α-amylase and β-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effect of chitosan has showed promising and dose depend also anticoagulant potential. Chitosan could be used in pharmaceutical industry and tissue engineering.

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of mass cultured Spirulina platensis and the structural characterization of the methanolic extracts. S. platensis was isolated from estuary and mass cultured in the laboratory, methanol was used for extraction, and the yield was calculated as 16%. The seven phytochemicals were quantified by standard procedure, and the phenol was found maximum 96.7 µg/mg followed by alkaloid 89.5 µg/mg. The antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method, and the maximum activity was noted against Salmonella typhi (19 mm) followed by Escherichia coli (12 mm). The antioxidant effect was recorded as concentration-dependent, and in all, the antioxidant effect was recorded in higher concentration level including as standards. In FT-IR spectral analysis, the active functional groups alkyl halide and amine were recorded simultaneously in 1H NMR analysis, 11 chemical shifts were recorded, and it revealed the stretching of alkane, allylic, benzylic, ketone, alkyne and esters. From the results, the present study concluded that S. platensis is an alternate source of pharmaceutical industry due to its phytochemical profile and bioactive potential.

The present study was aimed to investigate the nutritional composition, chemical components and anti-inflammatory activity of C. vulgaris. The isolated microalga was mass cultured in laboratory by selective media with optimum conditions. Protein content was found to be higher for 45.23% followed by carbohydrate (23.43%) and total lipid (18.12%). Minerals components was recorded by the following order: Magnesium > Calcium > Iron > Manganese > Zinc > Copper. Seven vitamins were estimated, vitamin B3 was recorded higher (13.3 mg/100 g) and B12 has shown lesser amount (0.21 mg/100 g). The pigments chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids were found to be 4.7 mg/g, 4.2 mg/g and 6.11 mg/g respectively. Secondary metabolite was extracted by methanol and chloroform and further screened for the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of albumin denaturation, antiproteinase, hypotonicity-induced haemolysis and anti-lipoxygenase assays and results have been recorded by concentration dependent. From the results, the anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract were found higher than the chloroform extract at 500 µg/ml. The functional groups of the potent methanolic extract were studied by FT-IR analysis which revealed the presence of alkane, nitro and carboxyl groups.