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The title compound, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, was synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 9-bromo­anthracen-2-ylium with pyridin-4-ylboronic acid., The title compound, C19H13N, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, was synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 9-bromo­anthracene with pyridin-4-ylboronic acid and purified by column chromatography on silica gel. Light-yellow crystals of 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-pyridine suitable for X-ray diffraction were collected by the solvent evaporation method. In the crystal, pairs of mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular C—H⋯π (pyridine) inter­actions [d(H7⋯Cg) = 2.7391 (2) Å], forming cyclic centrosymmetric dimers, further resulting in an infinite one-dimensional linear chain along the c-axis direction. Weak face-to-face π–π stacking inter­actions [d(Cg⋯Cg) = 3.6061 (2) Å] link neighboring lamellar networks into the supra­molecular structure.

Citric acid (CA) has been widely investigated as a modifier for biomass adsorbents in wastewater treatment, but utilization of the filtrate from this process has never been scrutinized by now. The present study provided an effective method to utilize the filtrate collected from the process of CA modified bamboo shoot shell (BSS). The dissolved fibers of BSS (CA-BSSF) in the filtrate were blended with chitosan (CS) to prepare the composite adsorbent (CA-BSSF/CS) for Cu2+ adsorption. FTIR and SEM were used to characterize this new adsorbent. The adsorption performances of Cu2+ on CA-BSSF/CS were evaluated by batch process. The results showed that a better Cu2+ adsorption capacity of CA-BSSF/CS than CS. The adsorption process could be well described by the Freundlich isotherm and the kinetic of adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The adsorption reaction was a spontaneous process and would happen at low temperature. Reuse studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of CA-BSSF/CS did not change significantly after repeated use 5 times compared with the fresh one. This suggests that the CA-BSSF/CS is a suitable sorbent for the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution.

Four kinds of agricultural wastes (oilseed rape straw (OS), rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS) and corn stover (CS)) liquefied polyols were used to replace petroleum based polyol and prepare bio-based polyurethane (PU) foam successfully. The effect of NCO/OH ratio on PU foaming process and foams properties, such as density, compressive strength, elastic modulus, morphological structure, storage modulus (E’), glass transition temperature (Tg), water absorption ability and chemical structure, was investigated respectively. It is confirmed that CS based polyol appears the highest activity to react with pMDI, while reactivity of OS based polyol is the lowest. Foams made with NCO/OH ratio among 1.4–1.7 appear excellent morphological, physical, mechanical, water absorption and chemical properties, which are comparable with or even better than those of petroleum polyol based PU foams.

An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor mediating the responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. To investigate the epigenetic mechanism involved in the regulation of AhR, we treated human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and found a transcriptional suppression of AhR in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Suppression of AhR significantly attenuated the extent of BaP-induced CYP1A1 expression and the cell growth arrest, and conferred 16HBE cells insensitive to DNA damage. In addition, we found that the mRNA level of AhR was elevated more than twice in 16HBE cells treated with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), indicating that AhR expression might be regulated via histone modification. Moreover, we showed that BaP or 3-MC treatment led to a reduction of acetylation at residues H3K9, H3K18 and H3K27, suggesting that histone modifications are associated with chemical exposure. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), we further demonstrate that the reduction of histones H3K18ac and H3K27ac is correlated with the decreased binding affinity with the AhR promoter in HBE cells treated with BaP or 3-MC. In addition, we identified that specific regions located at the transcriptional start site (TSS) of the AhR gene were responsible for H3K18ac- and H3K27ac-related transcriptional activity of the AhR promoter. Taken together, we identified that two specific histone modifications, H3K18ac and H3K27ac, were involved in regulation of the transcriptional activation of AhR, which might contribute to BaP-induced toxicity and the response to DNA damage.

Biosorption of dyeing wastewater is most widely used method so far. The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) with bamboo shoot shell (BSS) as biosorbent was investigated. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the adsorption process, and adsorption capacity and color removal efficiency were used to judge the adsorptivity of BSS. Results showed that maximum adsorption capacity was 225.71 mg·g-1, and color removal efficiency could achieve to 98.96% during the test. To obtain best adsorption capacity, the optimized conditions of temperature, initial concentration of dye, BSS dosage, pH value and adsorption time were 45 °C, 400 mg·L-1, 10 mg/10 mL, 9.6 and 30 min, respectively. As to another target color removal efficiency, the best parameters were 100 mg·L-1, 200 mg/10 mL, 11.5 and 120 min, respectively. The results reveal that the agricultural by-product BSS is an effective biosorbent.

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays important roles in cell proliferation, growth, and survival. Hyperactivated PI3K is frequently found in a wide variety of human cancers, validating it as a promising target for cancer therapy. We determined the crystal structure of the human PI3Kα–PI103 complex to unravel molecular interactions. Based on the structure, substitution at the R1 position of the phenol portion of PI103 was demonstrated to improve binding affinity via forming a new H-bond with Lys802 at the bottom of the ATP catalytic site. Interestingly, the crystal structure of the PI3Kα–9d complex revealed that the flexibility of Lys802 can also induce additional space at the catalytic site for further modification. Thus, these crystal structures provide a molecular basis for the strong and specific interactions and demonstrate the important role of Lys802 in the design of novel PI3Kα inhibitors.

Bamboo ( Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro ) shoot shell (BSS) was liquefied in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and ethylene glycol (EG) catalyzed by sulfuric acid under atmospheric pressure. The effects of liquefaction conditions such as liquid–solid ratio, temperature, time, catalyst, solvents ratio, and material size on the liquefaction yield of BSS have been investigated. Methods including Elemental analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were selected to analyze the characteristics of products in three fractions: an aqueous fraction (AQ), an acetone-soluble fraction (AS) and a residue (RS), respectively. Results showed that the highest liquefaction percentage was 99.79% under the optimal conditions (liquid–solid ratio 6:1; temperature 150 °C; reaction time 80 min; raw size more than 40 mesh; catalyst mass percentage of solvent 4%; solvent volume ratio 3:1). Polyols could be obtained effectively by the liquefaction of BSS, an agricultural by-product.