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The cellulose impregnated phosphorus oxychloride (COP) was newly prepared. Its efficiency was assessed for the first time by removing Cr6+, Pb2+, V5+, and Cd2+ ions from a diluted sulphuric solutio...

Citric acid has a very important role in the extraction process of uranium from the matrix such as hydrous oxide cake formed after alkali breakdown of Egyptian Rosetta monazite mineral concentrate....

An efficient natural bioextractant, orange peel extractant, was applied to recover uranium as one of hazardous elements. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the effect of various factors on the uranium extraction using a synthetic standard solution. These factors include the diluent type, pH, solvent concentration, contact time, and temperature. Under the optimum conditions (pH 4, A/O = 3/1), the maximum saturation capacity of the orange peel extractant for uranium reaches approximately 54.5 mg/g. The extracted uranium ions were almost completely eluted with NaCl/H2SO4 (1 M each). The procedure was applied to real sulfate leach liquor of a clay stone sample from Southeastern Sinai, Egypt.

The Green, delicate and rapid ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique was developed to preconcentrate trace quantities of zirconium Zr(IV) ion in r...

The development of selective and fast optical sensitive chemosensors for the detection and recognition of different cations and anions in a domain is still a challenge in biological, industrial, and environmental fields. Herein, we report a novel approach for the detection and determination of fluoride ion (F-) sensing based on a salen-cobalt metal-organic framework (Co(II)-MOF). By a simple method, the Co(II)-MOF was synthesized and characterized using several tools to elucidate the structure and morphology. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the Co(II)-MOF (100.0 nM/L) was examined versus different ionic species like F-, Br-, Cl-, I-, SO42-, and NO3- and some cationic species like Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, and K+. In the case of F- ions, the PL intensity of the Co(II)-MOF was scientifically enhanced with a remarkable red shift. With the increase of F- concentration, the Co(II)-MOF PL emission spectrum was also professionally enhanced. The limit of detection (LOD) for the Co(II)-MOF chemosensor was 0.24 μg/L, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.72 μg/L. Moreover, a comparison of the Co(II)-MOF optical approach with other published reports was studied, and the mechanism of interaction was also investigated. Additionally, the applicability of the current Co(II)-MOF approach in different real water samples, such as tap water, drinking water, Nile River water, and wastewater, was extended. This easy-to-use future sensor provides reliable detection of F- in everyday applications for nonexpert users, especially in remote rural areas.

Aim Water-deficit stress is the most devastating environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth causing yield losses and low crop productivity. In this study, we employed sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a seed priming agent for the acclimation of water-deficit stress in wheat plants by invoking priming memory. Methods The SNP-primed (75, 100, and 125 μM) and non-primed controls were allowed to grow in pots under water deficit and normal conditions. The flag leaves of 98-days mature plants were used for biochemical and physiological studies by following the well-established methods. Results The antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes were upregulated while reducing sugars, total sugars, and glycine betaine increased significantly in flag leaves of wheat plants originated from SNP-treated seeds compared to control under water deficit stress. However, a significant reduction in MDA and proline contents represented a lesser ROS production which resulted in enhanced cell membrane stability. Consequently, there was a significant enhancement in yield, plant biomass and 100 grains weight of wheat plants under water deficit stress. Conclusion The improvement in yield parameters indicates the induction of priming memory in SNP-primed seeds which elicit water deficit tolerance till the maturity of plants thus ensures sustainable productivity of wheat.

It is well known that the natural cellulose has low ionic exchange properties, due to its characterization by a small number of carboxylic groups. Incorporation of different functional groups can promote its ionic exchange capacity. In this work, modification of orange peel by treating with sodium hydroxide and amination, phosphoration and sulfonation. The different ion exchanger has been used to increase the ion exchange capacity of such materials, by developing their swelling properties and decreasing their lignin content. A maximum uranium uptake of 726 mg/g was observed at the obtained optimum conditions using modified resin (ion exchange No. VII). The latter (0.841: 0.420) mm size orange peels were modified using a mixture of sulfonic and phosphoric acids. Ion exchange No. VII was used as the case study to remove uranium and associated elements from Sinai wells water. The main purpose of this work is to prepare different resins from the Egyptian plant waste. Orange peels were chosen because they are popular and widespread plant wastes in Egypt.

This study reports a microemulsion method to successfully prepare nanocrystalline (cobalt or nickel) iron tungstate powders (Nix or Cox)Fe1−XWO4 (where X = 0 and 0.5). The powders were calcined at a temperature of 600 °C for 6 hours and optimized at pH 10. The change in the crystal structure, microstructure, crystallite size, optical properties, and specific surface area were investigated using XRD, FTIR, TEM, and surface area analysis (SBET). The optical, electrical, and magnetic properties were explained using UV-vis, PL, the Hall-effect, and VSM. The findings indicate that the tungstate powders had average particle sizes of around 12–18 nm. The mean pore diameter was 4.5–6.3 nm, and the specific SBET of the material obtained was approximately 13.72–17.69 m2 g−1. The photocatalytic activity of methylene blue (MB) dye decolorization has been investigated. In MB dye photodegradation, the as-prepared NiFeWO4 powders demonstrated substantial improvement (100% after 60 min). The obtained results reveal NiFeWO4 powders with uncomplicated production, high UV-light photocatalytic activity, and recyclable properties.

Correction for ‘Ultrafast conversion of carcinogenic 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol in the dark catalyzed by surface interaction on BiPO4/g-C3N4 nanostructures in the presence of NaBH4’ by Ahmed B. Azzam et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 18797–18808. DOI: 10.1039/D1RA02852A.

The present study described the enhancement of the nutritional values of wheat and rice crackers by adding cauliflowers. The results showed that 25% - 75% cauliflower replaced in crackers increased the consumer acceptability, nutritional value, antioxidant activity, minerals, and anti-carcinogenic effect. Moreover, it also improved the functional properties and sensory quality. The results revealed that the raw samples of cauliflower recorded the highest value of moisture, ash, protein and fiber 89.29%, 7.68%, 19.04% and 10.18% on dry weight, respectively. The crackers formula of cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% and cauliflower: rice 75%:25% recorded the highest values in ash, protein, fat, and fiber. The data showed that increasing cauliflower percentage in crackers formula causing a parallel increase in all determined chemical composition. Cauliflower samples exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (92.94%). Also, crackers samples of cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% crackers, recorded 57.6% for antioxidant activity. The highest values of phenols and flavonoids for cauliflower cracker samples (cauliflower: wheat 75%:25% and cauliflower: rice 50%:50%) have increased up to (5.75 and 5.49) respectively. The results showed that the higher mineral content is the sulfur (635.96 mg/100g) in raw cauliflower, while (1.00 mg/100g, and 0.99 mg/100g sulfur content) in wheat and rice respectively. Moreover, the result found that as the cauliflower percentage increases, the minerals contents especially sulfur increase. Furthermore, the cauliflower displayed moderate activity for human hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer and intestinal epithelial barrier treatment, (IC50 = 183.4 ± 6.8, 175.8 ± 7.1 and 207.2 ± 8.5 μg/mL, respectively). There were significant differences in the taste property; the highest degree of acceptance of the taste was obtained to crackers samples which were replaced with cauliflower more than the control.

To investigate the effect of Abscisic acid (ABA) and storage period on yield and quality of the three sugar beet varieties, in this respect two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Station in Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt during 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. A split-split plot design in three replications was used in both seasons, where the main plots were allocated by the three sugar beet varieties i.e. (Classic, Farida and Gloriosa), meanwhile, the sub plot was occupied by the four rates of Abscisic acid (ABA) (contra =water, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) as foliar application one time before harvesting date, while storage periods (2, 4, 6, and 8 days after harvest) were occupied the sub-sub plots in both seasons. The obtained results revealed that there was a significant difference between the three sugar beet varieties to its response to the four concentration of Abscisic acid (ABA) under the three storage periods in yield, its components and quality, whereas the Classic variety recorded the highest mean values of these traits followed by Farida variety while the lowest ones recorded with Gloriosa variety in both seasons. Increasing ABA concentration up to 3000 ppm increased TSS (%), sucrose (%) and purity (%) in sugar beetroots, which recorded the highest mean values of these traits followed by 2000 ppm, while the lowest ones recorded with control treatments (water spray), storage period at 2 days after harvest, on the other side, storage period at 4 or 6 days were had in a significant difference in the two seasons. In general, sowing Classic variety gave the highest values of the studied characters with 2000 ppm ABA under storage period 2 -6 days after harvest in Alexandria conditions, Egypt.

Composites of graphene oxide (GO, 1–5 wt%) loaded into the inter pores of the hollow NaP zeolite at 100 °C were successfully prepared via the zeolite synthesis method (ZSM). These NaP/GO composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy and N2 physisorption analysis. The structural properties of NaP/GO (1–3 wt%) indicated that GO moieties can be accommodated in the voids of the NaP zeolite without modifying its framework or structure. The FE-SEM image of NaP/GO (3 wt%) showed the tendency of GO to form significantly smaller individual particles of NaP zeolite than corresponding of NaP/GO (1 and 2 wt%). The FTIR band due to asymmetric stretching T–O lattice vibration (~ 1000 cm−1) was shifted towards higher frequencies with increasing content of GO (1–3 wt%), reflecting the involvement of GO adducts in the intracrystalline structure of NaP zeolite. The produced composites were used for the removal of Fe(III) ions from aqueous solution and such process took place via a surface uptake and intra-particle diffusion which operate simultaneously through the interaction between Fe(III) ions and NaP/GO (3 wt%). The dielectric constant (er) values as a function of frequency were increased after adsorbing Fe(III) onto NaP/GO (3 wt%) which may be attributed to cations hopping diffusion along zeolite structure.

Geopolymers are recognised for their environmental benefits and excellent chloride and sulfate resistance. However, information on the material characteristics and bond behaviour of geopolymers based on fly ash (FA) and slag is still relatively scarce. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the integration of two modern construction materials – geopolymer concrete (GPC) based on FA and ground granulated blast-furnace slag and glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars. The aim of the study was to assist concrete structural design by identifying the key preparation parameters such as hardening and bond behaviour. It was found that the hardening of the GPC was much faster than that of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete at an early age and the stress–strain curves, elastic moduli and splitting tensile strengths of the GPC were accurately predicted by existing models developed for OPC concrete. The GFRP bars in the GPC outperformed those in the OPC concrete in terms of normalised bond strength. The GPC reinforced with both GFRP and steel rebars exhibited similar bond–slip curves to the OPC concrete. Overall, the behaviour of the GFRP-reinforced GPC was found to be analogous to that of the OPC concrete while providing adequate compressive, tensile and bond strength for the construction of foundations of low-rise buildings.

Mutations in multiple genes required for proper O-mannosylation of α-dystroglycan are causal for congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies and abnormal brain development in mammals. Previously, we and others further elucidated the functional O-mannose glycan structure that is terminated by matriglycan, [(-GlcA-β3-Xyl-α3-)n]. This repeating disaccharide serves as a receptor for proteins in the extracellular matrix. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST/carbohydrate sulfotransferase) sulfates terminal glucuronyl residues of matriglycan at the 3-hydroxyl and prevents further matriglycan polymerization by the LARGE1 glycosyltransferase. While α-dystroglycan isolated from mouse heart and kidney is susceptible to exoglycosidase digestion of matriglycan, the functional, lower molecular weight α-dystroglycan detected in brain, where HNK-1ST expression is elevated, is resistant. Removal of the sulfate cap by a sulfatase facilitated dual-glycosidase digestion. Our data strongly support a tissue specific mechanism in which HNK-1ST regulates polymer length by competing with LARGE for the 3-position on the nonreducing GlcA of matriglycan.

Wastewater remediation by nanostructured photocatalysts represents a critical issue for nanotechnology. In this work, we employed a facile, low-cost, and one-pot co-precipitation strategy to synthesize a pure hexagonal phase of copper sulfide (CuS) nanostructures at a relatively lower temperature. The produced CuS investigated using different instrumentation. The results confirmed that CuS crystallized in urchin-like nanostructures with a single hexagonal phase exhibiting a band gap of 2.22 eV. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared CuS examined for the photodegradation of malachite green dye (MG) employing direct sunlight illumination. The outcomes showed that the produced CuS featured photodegradation efficiency of 95.5% and 67.2% mineralization within 90 min. Moreover, the kinetic studies of MG photodegradation and the applicability of CuS photocatalyst displayed a pseudo-first-order reaction with high stability at a decent efficiency. This work opens the door for using only prepared single-phase metal chalcogenides in water remediation under direct sunlight.

Ascorbic acid plays a vital role in the extraction of uranium from hydrous oxide cake produced after alkali breakdown of Rosetta monazite mineral concentrate. The process involves selective leaching of uranium (99%) using 10% ascorbic acid at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 15. The kinetics of the leaching process and the mechanism of the reaction between ascorbic acid and uranium are discussed. The reaction is chemically controlled, and the calculated apparent activation energy is 28.67 kJ/mol.

Innovation of cement-based composites is a recently strongly emerging technology. Nanotechnology is one of the potential alternatives to improve cement characteristics and to decrease the amount of cement used in various applications, which consequently reduces the energy required for cement production and carbon dioxide emission caused by cement industry. The improvement of cementitious materials is still an important target to produce modified compounds of valuable mechanical, chemical and physical characterizations. In this paper, Portland cement mixed with iron slag was hydrated with an aqueous titanate nanofibers suspension to create cement nanocomposites as environmentally friendly material with novel properties. In this sense, nanoparticles as additive material allow for improving the mechanical durability of cement and retard the permeability of cement-based materials. SEM, FT-IR and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the Ca(OH) 2 conversion towards calcium silicate hydrate. Porosity and compressive strength measurements were also performed through variable parameters and under different conditions. Durability tests and chemical stabilization were carried out at freezing/thawing condition during extended cycles of up to 6 months. The effect of flooding in various aqueous media including acidic and alkaline ones was evaluated during extended periods of immersion. Moreover, the radioactive contaminant 137 Cs was immobilized by the novel cement nanocomposite to test the nanocomposite’s chemical stability by monitoring the leaching of 137 Cs. Resulting data were used to positively assess the feasibility of this compound to be used for immobilization of radioactive and other hazardous wastes. The produced composite attained proper consistency when exposed to frost attack or flooding in various media up to 180 days.

INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with high mortality rate. Conventional treatment strategies have improved but remain far from optimal. Cancer research is focused on improving cancer diagnosis and treatment methods using nanotechnology, by the production and application of nanoscale drug delivery systems. In medicine, several types of nanoparticles have evolved, gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) are an excellent candidate as drug delivery vehicle due to their favorable chemical and optical properties. Paclitaxel (PTX) is an effective antineoplastic drug that has a wide spectrum of antitumor activity, against head and neck malignancies. The encapsulation of PTX in nanodelivery systems can protect the drug from degradation during circulation and protect the body from its toxic side effects. OBJECTIVES: To study the therapeutic efficacy of PTX-functionalized AuNPs versus the free form of the drug. Also the study will evaluate the treatment, by the use of proliferative immune-histochemical marker (PCNA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Squamous cell carcinoma will be chemically induced in sixty Syrian hamsters. Then they will be divided into three groups, 20 in each. One group will be treated with free PTX, another group will be treated with PTX-AuNPs, and the last group will be given saline as negative control group. RESULTS: Group treated by PTX loaded on AuNPs showed significant results over group treated by free PTX. CONCLUSIONS: The unique AuNPs properties in combination to the chemotherapeutic drug target cancer cells while maintaining no adverse effects on the surrounding normal cells.

Targeting the neuronal mitochondria as a possible intervention to guard against neurodegenerative disorders' progression has been investigated in the current work via the administration of Pelargonidin (PEL) to rats intoxicated by the mitochondrial toxin Reserpine. The main criteria for choosing pelargonidin (PEL) were its reported poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-inhibitor, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. Male rats were randomized into four experimental groups; normal control, reserpinized to induce mitochondrial failure, standard PARP-1-inhibitor 1,5-isoquinolinediol (DIQ)-treated reserpinized, and PEL-treated reserpinized . PEL significantly restored brain glutathione (GSH) with a reduction in nitric oxide contents as compared to reserpine-challenged group. Meanwhile, it improved the neuronal mitochondrial function by the elevation of complex I activity associated with a low ADP/ATP ratio. Likely, through its anti-inflammatory effect, PEL reduced the elevation of serum interlukine-1ß level and inhibited serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. These findings were aligned with the reduced expressions of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, indicating PEL suppressive effect to the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Those biochemical findings were confirmed through comparable histopathological tissue examination among the experimental groups. In conclusion, PEL is a promising candidate for the future use in management of mitochondria-associated neuronal complications via controlling the ongoing inflammatory and degeneration cascades.

Water-deficit stress negatively affects seed germination, seedling development, and plant growth by disrupting cellular and metabolic functions, reducing the productivity and yield of field crops. In this study, sodium silicate (SS) has been employed as a seed priming agent for acclimation to mild water-deficit stress by invoking priming memory in wheat plants. In pot experiments, the SS-primed (20, 40, and 60 mM) and non-primed control seeds were allowed to grow under normal and mild water-deficit conditions. Subsequently, known methods were followed for physiological and biochemical studies using flag leaves of 98-day mature wheat plants. The antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes were upregulated, while proteins, reducing sugars, total sugars, and glycine betaine increased significantly in the flag leaves of wheat plants originated from SS-treated seeds compared to the control under mild water-deficit stress. Significant decreases in the malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents suggested a controlled production of reactive oxygen species, which resulted in enhanced cell membrane stability. The SS priming induced a significant enhancement in yield, plant biomass, and 100-grain weight of wheat plants under water-deficit stress. The improvement in the yield parameters indicated the induction of Si-mediated stress acclimation in SS-primed seeds that elicited water-deficit tolerance until the maturity of plants, ensuring sustainable productivity of climate-smart plants.

International audience; Medical textiles have played an increasingly important protection role in the healthcare industry. This study was aimed at improving the conventional cotton gauze for achieving advanced biomedical specifications (coloration, UV-protection, anti-inflammation, and antimicrobial activities). These features were obtained by modifying the cotton gauze fabrics via in-situ precipitation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NP), followed by in-situ photosynthesis of silver (Ag) NPs with ginger oil as a green reductant with anti-inflammation properties. The HAp-Ag NPs coating provides good UV-protection properties. To further improve the HAp and Ag NPs dispersion and adhesion on the surface, the cotton gauze fabrics were modified by cationization with chitosan, or by partial carboxymethylation (anionic modification). The influence of the cationic and anionic modifications and HAp and Ag NPs deposition on the cotton gauze properties (coloration, UV-protection, antimicrobial activities, and water absorption) was thoroughly assessed. Overall, the results indicate that chemical (anionic and cationic) modification of the cotton gauze enhances HAp and Ag NPs deposition. Chitosan can increase biocompatibility and promotes wound healing properties of cotton gauze. Ag NP deposition onto cotton gauze fabrics brought high antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and improved UV protection.

Hepatitis-C virus ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) recognition and quantification based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is key to infection control, management, and response to treatment due to its specificity, sensitivity, and quantification capabilities. However, the high cost, time requirements, and need for sophisticated laboratory infrastructure have limited the use of this method in rapid screening, blood banks, and point-of-care testing (POCT). In this work, a novel label-free electrochemical biosensor constructed using a polyaniline@nickel metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) nanocomposite was developed for direct detection of unamplified HCV nucleic acid. A robust biosensor was fabricated using smooth layer-by-layer deposition of the polyaniline@Ni-MOF nanocomposite, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and was subsequently monitored real-time via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed biosensor were specifically examined using the EIS approach. The results revealed that the novel biosensor is highly efficient in quantitative sensing of the HCV target in the presence of nonspecific nucleic acids over the range of 1 fM-100 nM with a detection limit of 0.75 fM (at a S/N ratio of 3). To the best of the authors' knowledge, the proposed biosensor is superior to other MOF platforms. These research findings are expected to have a positive influence on the quantitative detection of HCV RNA and other nucleic acids by offering exceptional accuracy and cost effectiveness, especially in low resource countries. Moreover, this biosensor could be simply adopted for full automation and used in point-of-care testing.

Plants are major source for discovery and development of anticancer drugs. Several plant-based anticancer drugs are currently in clinical use. Fagonia indica is a plant of medicinal value in the South Asian countries. Using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, several compounds were purified from the F. indica extract. We have used one of the purified compounds quinovic acid (QA) and found that QA strongly suppressed the growth and viability of human breast and lung cancer cells. QA did not inhibit growth and viability of non-tumorigenic breast cells. QA mediated its anticancer effects by inducing cell death. QA-induced cell death was associated with biochemical features of apoptosis such as activation of caspases 3 and 8 as well as PARP cleavage. QA also upregulated mRNA and protein levels of death receptor 5 (DR5). Further investigation revealed that QA did not alter DR5 gene promoter activity, but enhanced DR5 mRNA and protein stabilities. DR5 is one of the major components of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Accordingly, Apo2L/TRAIL, the DR5 ligand, potentiated the anticancer effects of QA. Our results indicate that QA mediates its anticancer effects, at least in part, by engaging DR5-depentent pathway to induce apoptosis. Based on our results, we propose that QA in combination with Apo2L/TRAIL can be further investigated as a novel therapeutic approach for breast and lung cancers.

The improvement of the photocatalyst performance with reducing the production cost is still the most important concern for finding target material properties and the possibility of mass production. Herein, we report a novel synthesis of BiVO4 photocatalyst by homogeneous precipitation. Different surfactants such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), ethylene glycol (EG), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) were added to assist the crystal orientation. XRD, SEM, Raman, and DRS were used to evaluate the crystal orientation of the as-synthesized BiVO4 samples. The XRD revealed the purity of the produced samples except for SDBS that produced a mixture (tetragonal /monoclinic) phase. The Raman analysis confirmed that the PVP surfactant has the smallest V–O bond length that led to the lowest bandgap 2.17 eV. The photoelectrochemical results revealed that there is a decrease in the electron-hole recombination rate as shown from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data, as well as swelling of band pinning of the Fermi energy edge toward the negative direction according to the Mott-Schottky (MS) curve. These impacts are due to the different facets possessing truncated bipyramid-like shape which is created via PVP surfactant. These variations enhanced the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye as a wastewater module.

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are infrequent tumours accounting for 2-6.5% of all head and neck tumors. They show various clinical behaviours and different histological patterns resulting in a diagnostic dilemma. Insulin like growth factor II RNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein that plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastases. Several studies proved the prognostic role of IMP3 in different human cancers. However, its role in SGTs still needs to be confirmed. Objectives: To evaluate IMP3 immunoexpression in benign and malignant SGTs. Material and Methods: IMP3 expression was measured in 44 SGT cases (20 benign and 24 malignant) and 10 normal salivary gland tissues (NSGT). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was carried out by the Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin complex method (LSAB). Results: IMP3 expression was detected in NSGT as well as benign and malignant SGTs with different intensities. The Lowest expression levels were detected in NSGT, while the highest ones were detected in Malignant SGTs. Conclusion: IMP3 could be used as a diagnostic marker in SGTs.

A procedure for selective recovery of uranium from a hydrous oxide cake produced after alkali breakdown of Rosetta monazite mineral concentrate was proposed. This procedure was based on using urea as a leaching and chelating agent. The proposed procedure involved selective leaching of uranium (98%) using 150 g/L urea within 5 h agitation time, 400 rpm agitation speed at 25 °C and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio of 1/4 (weight/volume), leaving behind thorium (Th) and rare earth elements (REEs) content. Kinetics of leaching process as well as reaction mechanism between urea and uranium has been discussed. The results show that the predominant dissolution mechanism of uranium was chemically controlled and the apparent activation energy was 45.103 kJ/mole. The work was then shifted to separate Th selectively from the combined Th–REEs hydroxide cake via alkali dissolution of Th using a mixed weight of 3/1 Na2CO3/NaHCO3 in a total concentration of 150 g/L. Finally, a tentative flow-sheet for selective recovery of U, Th and REEs from the studied hydrous oxide cake was presented.

To avert excessive sulfuric acid exhaustion in the classical leaching procedure and to avoid leaching of other undesirable impurities, proper alkaline leaching has been achieved for dolostone of Ga...

Animal cells express heparan sulfate proteoglycans that perform many important cellular functions by way of heparan sulfate-protein interactions. The identification of membrane heparan sulfate-binding proteins is challenging because of their low abundance and the need for extensive enrichment. Here, we report a proteomics workflow for the identification and characterization of membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins that bind heparan sulfate. The technique is based on limited proteolysis of live cells in the absence of denaturation and fixation, heparin-affinity chromatography, and high-resolution LC-MS/MS, and we designate it LPHAMS. Application of LPHAMS to U937 monocytic and primary murine and human endothelial cells identified 55 plasma membrane, extracellular matrix, and soluble secreted proteins, including many previously unidentified heparin-binding proteins. The method also facilitated the mapping of the heparin-binding domains, making it possible to predict the location of the heparin-binding site. To validate the discovery feature of LPHAMS, we characterized one of the newly-discovered heparin-binding proteins, C-type lectin 14a (CLEC14A), a member of the C-type lectin family that modulates angiogenesis. We found that the C-type lectin domain of CLEC14A binds one-to-one to heparin with nanomolar affinity, and using molecular modeling and mutagenesis, we mapped its heparin-binding site. CLEC14A physically interacted with other glycosaminoglycans, including endothelial heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate E, but not with neutral or sialylated oligosaccharides. The LPHAMS technique should be applicable to other cells and glycans and provides a way to expand the repertoire of glycan-binding proteins for further study.

A series of pullout tests were carried out to characterize the interface bond between steel fibre and magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) based matrix. The effect of the mixture proportions, curing time and end-hook of fibre on the interface bond properties between the steel fibre and the MPC-based matrix was investigated. The mixture proportions investigated include the mole ratio of magnesium oxide to potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mass ratio of sand to cement, mass ratio of water to cement and dosage of silica fume. The effect of different types of cement on the interface bond properties was also investigated.

Background: Calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) are considered rare odontogenic lesionswith a spectrum of behavioral and clinicopathological features. The rare Ghost cell odontogeniccarcinoma (GCOC) is the malignant counterpart of (COC). The goal of this work was to study theexpression NF-κB in COCs and GCOCs.Methods: NF-κB expression was evaluated in 8 (COCs) and 4 (GCOCs), usingimmunohistochemical method. Immunostaining was evaluated semi-quantitatively, following tothe intensity and extent of staining.Results: B oth cytoplasmic and nuclear and NF-κB immunopositivity were detected in all COCtissues, as well as in GCOC.Conclusion: The expression of NF-κB may represent an important mechanism of tumordevelopment and thus might have a role in the progression of ghost cell lesions.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a grave condition that requires fast and accurate diagnosis to save lives and prevent complications. In this study, we evaluated the fast and bedside urinary trypsinogen-2dipstick test in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.Aim of Work: This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of the rapid urinary trypsinogen-2 test strip in acute pancreatitis, in comparison with serum amylase and serum lipase in Emergency Department at Tanta University Hospital.Subjects and Methods: Thirty-five (35) patients with acute pancreatitis (Group I) and thirty-four (34) patients with other causes of acute abdomen (Group II) were included in the study.Full history taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations including urine analysis and serum levels of creatinine, random glucose, lipid profile, total and direct bilirubin, albumin, liver enzymes, total calcium, amylase, and lipase were undertaken.In addition, radiological examinations, using abdomi-nopelvic ultrasonography, computed tomography of the abdo-men and conventional X-ray when appropriate were under-taken.Urinary trypsinogen-2 was tested using dipstick.Results: We found that the most common cause of acute pancreatitis was gall stone obstructive pancreatitis (76.47%), serum amylase and lipase were elevated in (91.18% and 88.24% respectively) in acute pancreatitis.While urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test was positive in 100% of patients with acute pancreatitis.The specificity of serum amylase, serum lipase and urinary trypsinogen-2 in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was (76.47%, 88.24% and 100% respectively).Conclusion: Urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is a promising fast and easy test performed in the effort of diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Further studies on large number of patients are mandatory to confirm the findings in this study.

We demonstrate development of electrochemical nanosensors for planetary health applications using nanocuprous oxide synthesized from recycled materials. Laser-scribed graphene electrodes were enhanced with copper liberated from waste cables, and cuprous oxide nanospheres were synthesized via precipitation at low temperature using lactose as a reducing agent and four different surfactants as capping agents. These laser-scribed electrodes are a low-cost, lithography-free approach to direct synthesis of flexible carbon circuits. Sensors were fabricated by anchoring nanoparticles to flexible graphene electrodes, and then material properties and sensor performance were compared for each surfactant. Surfactant molecular weight and terminal group played an important role in nanoparticle size, band gap, ferromagnetic response, and electron transport. As proof of principle, we show development of catecholamine and mercury sensors for planetary health applications using the best material. Dopamine sensors were line...

Background Total rare earth elements (REEs) are often associated with uranium and thorium. In order to satisfy application for many different industries, REEs should be separated from uranium and other elements. One way to achieve an applicable separation scheme is to employ an extractant that will economically and selectively bind to REEs in the presence of potential interfering ions. Objective This work was designed to selectively recover REEs from the Abu-Tartour phosphoric acid solution using synthesized salicylaldehyde azine (SAA). Results The operating extraction and stripping conditions of REEs extraction from phosphoric acid have been experimentally optimized. From the acid and extractant effects, 0.024 M SAA was suitable for the separation of REEs at 30% acid, which is similar to Abu-Tartour wet process phosphoric acid solutions (WPPA). The extraction isotherm predicts the separation of REEs at an aqueous-to-organic (A/O) phase ratio of 1/2 in three stages using 0.024 M SAA. From the stripped liquor using 2 M HCl, the stripped (REEs) were precipitated as rare earth oxalate. The extraction studies showed the best fit with the first order rate equation.

Stigma-like structures (SLS) were produced under in vitro conditions. Highest response was observed with half ovaries on G-5 media supplemented with different combinations of phytohormones. The relative quantification through real time PCR for expression of apocarotenoid genes like CsBCH and CsGT-2 revealed that there is increase in expression from callus to SLS development. Expression pattern of CsBCH and CsGT-2 studied in different flower parts revealed highest expression in stigma followed by SLS, style and tepal. Expression of the regulatory genes responsible for biosynthesis of apocarotenoids viz; crocin, picrocrocin and safranal is getting upregulated in SLS in saffron hence revealing that these structures are developmentally closely related to natural stigma.

INTRODUCTION: Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the malignant diseases that affect the oral cavity worldwide. One of the theories regarding oral carcinogenesis is that tumor growth is dependent on cancer stem cells. Markers specific for these cells as CD44 have been investigated in hope of developing a deeper understanding for their role in carcinogenesis. Genistein, as chemopreventive agent, has been shown to suppress the growth of several tumors. Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic compound that did show a range of antitumor activity. OBJECTIVES: This research was carried out to study the effect of genistein, oxaliplatin either alone or in combination during experimentally DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis using CD44 antibody as a marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 young Syrian hamsters distributed into groups as follows: 4 normal animals examined for the histology of the normal pouch mucosa and 96 animals divided into; group I, as a control group, in which pouches were painted with a heavy mineral oil only; group II were painted with DMBA mixed in a heavy mineral oil. These animals were randomly divided into 4 subgroups as following: group IIA only painted with DMBA; group IIB where genistein was orally administrated; group IIC were injected with oxaliplatin; and group IID in which both genistein and oxaliplatin were given. RESULTS: Both genistein and oxaliplatin provided a significant reduction in carcinogenesis process of DMBA induced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, they provided a significant decrease in the proliferation and activity of cancer stem cells as measured by the CD44 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: Genistein provides a chemoprevention role and the oxaliplatin produces a chemotherapeutic effect during the process of carcinogenesis. The combined action of both agents was better than the effect of each agent alone. KEYWORDS: Genistein, Oxaliplatin, Cancer stem cells, CD44.

Cuprous oxide Cu2O nanopowders were purposefully synthesised from waste electric cables (WECs) via a simple precipitation route at room temperature using lactose as a reducing agent. In this regard, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was first applied as an organic solvent for the dissolution of the cable insulating materials. Several parameters were investigated during dissolution of WECs such as dissolution temperature, time and solid/liquid ratio to determine the dissolution percentage of the insulating materials in DMSO. The morphology and the optical properties of the formed Cu2O particles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–visible–near IR spectrophotometer. XRD data confirmed the presence of single crystalline phase of Cu2O nanoparticles. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed spherical, cubic and octahedral shapes with the various particle sizes ranged from 16 to 57 nm depending on the synthesis conditions. A possible mechanism explaining the Cu2O nanostructures formation was proposed. The band gap energies of the Cu2O nanostructures were estimated and the values were located between 1.5 and 2.08 eV. Photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis clearly showed a noticeably blue-shifted emission for the synthesized samples compared to spectrum of the bulk. Eventually, magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been measured by vibrating sample magnetometer and the attained results implied that the synthesized particles are weakly ferromagnetic in nature at normal temperature.

Boron carbide powder was prepared via the carbothermic reduction reaction (CRR) using lactose (C12H22O11) and boric acid (H3BO3) as carbon and boron sources. Starting materials were mixed with an excess amount of H3BO3 stoichiometric ratio to reduce the presence of free carbon content in the produced boron carbide samples caused by the great loss of boron during the reaction. The mixed solutions of starting materials were heated in a stainless steel pot at 280 °C for 24 h. The resulted powder was carbothermally reacted under the flowing of an argon gas at different reaction temperatures and times ranging from 1300 to 1500 °C for 3 h and at 1500 °C for 1–3 h, respectively. The synthesized samples at each procedure conditions were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The results showed that the produced samples were in the nanocrystalline scale with no carbon traces. The structural morphology of the synthesized powder studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results indicated the possibility of producing B4C with minimal carbon residue via controlling both reaction temperature and time. A significant morphology change of the produced samples was well detected by changing the reaction time. Thermochemical properties of the as-synthesized samples at 1500 °C for 1 and 3 h also studied in order to be exploited in the proper applications. In addition, the optical properties of boron carbide was investigated by UV/visible and photoluminescence measurements along with its electronic properties.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous class of toxic organic compounds in coastal waters. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of goby fish ( Periophthalmus sobrinus ) and rabbit fish ( Siganus sutor) as bioindicators for PAH pollution in Zanzibar coastal waters. The fish samples were collected from four sites along the coasts of Zanzibar between February to July, 2016. The analysis of PAH metabolites from bile was conducted using Synchronous Fluorescence Scanning (SFS) spectroscopy. The parent PAH compounds (naphthalene; fluorene; phenanthrene; pyrene; fluoranthene; anthracene; benzo (a) pyrene) in the fish muscle tissues were analyzed using Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric detection (GC/MS). The levels of PAH metabolites in bile of goby fish ( P. sobrinus ) ranged from 100 ng mL −1 to 690 ng mL −1 . The PAH contents in goby tissues fish ranged from 0.028 ± 0.008 ng g −1 ww to 0.037 ± 0.005 ng g −1 ww with the average of 0.032 ± 0.005 ng g −1 ww. PAH metabolites were not detected in the bile samples from rabbit fish ( S. sutor) in any sampled areas. The results suggest that the goby fish ( P. sobrinus ) could be promising PAH biondicator in coastal waters of tropical regions including Zanzibar islands. This is the first study applying biliary PAH metabolites in bioindicator fish species to trace PAH pollution conducted in West Indian Ocean region that can serve as a baseline information of biliary PAH metabolites as biomarkers of fish PAH pollution in the regional waters.

In some special applications at low temperature, high ductility, deformation, and durability are required for cement-based composites. Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) possesses unique properties, including fast hardening at a temperature below 0 °C, high early-strength, and durability. This study investigated the influence of the water-to-binder (W/B) ratio, sand-to-binder (S/B) ratio, and various proportions of fly ash (FA) (as a substitute for MPC) on the workability, compressive strength , and tensile properties of high-ductility MPC-based composites (HDMPCC) incorporating polyvinyl acetate (PVA) fibre and cured at low temperatures. The experimental results revealed that the incorporation of up to 30% FA by mass significantly improved the ductility of the HDMPCC. For an S/B ratio of 0.2, strain corresponding to ultimate tensile stress was found to be more than 1.5%, resulting in better strain-hardening behaviour. Moreover, the HDMPCC composite with 30% FA, W/B ratio of 0.14, and S/B ratio of 0.12 exhibited the highest strain corresponding to peak tensile stress at 0 °C. The strain corresponding to peak and ultimate tensile stress ranged from 0.41% to 2.22%. The highest ultimate tensile stress of about 1.28 MPa was observed for HDMPCC specimens cured at 0 °C, –5 °C and –10 °C.

Cullin-ring-ligases mediate protein polyubiquitination, a signal for degradation in the 26S proteasome. The CRL1 class consists of Skp1/cullin-1/F-box protein/Rbx1 (SCF) complexes that cyclically associate with ubiquitin-E2 to build the polyubiquitin chain. Within the SCF complex, the 162-amino acid DdSkp1 from Dictyostelium bridges cullin-1 with an F-box protein (FBP), the specificity factor for substrate selection. The hydroxylation-dependent glycosylation of Pro143 of DdSkp1 by a pentasaccharide forms the basis of a novel O2-sensing mechanism in the social amoeba Dictyostelium and other protists. Previous evidence indicated that glycosylation promotes increased α-helical content correlating with enhanced interaction with three F-box proteins. To localize these differences, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods to compare nonglycosylated DdSkp1 and a glycoform with a single GlcNAc sugar (Gn-DdSkp1). We report NMR assignments of backbone 1HN, 15N, 13Cα, and 13CO nuclei as well as side-chain 13Cβ and methyl 13C/1H nuclei of Ile(δ1), Leu, and Val in both unmodified DdSkp1 and Gn-DdSkp1. The random coil index and 15N{1H} HNOE indicate that the C-terminal region, which forms a helix-loop-helix motif centered on Pro143 at the crystallographically defined binding interface with F-box domains, remains dynamic in both DdSkp1 and Gn-DdSkp1. Chemical shifts indicate that the variation of conformation in Gn-DdSkp1, relative to DdSkp1, is limited to this region and characterized by increased helical fold. Extension of the glycan chain results in further changes, also limited to this region. Thus, glycosylation may control F-box protein interactions via a local effect on DdSkp1 conformation, by a mechanism that may be general to many unicellular eukaryotes.

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) in doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg on the inhibition of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) when combined with ionizing radiation (IR). MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were treated intraperitonealy, one hour prior to irradiation at a dose level of 6 Gray (Gy) and were sacrificed 24 hours after irradiation. Control groups were run concurrently. RESULTS IR led to an increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), nitrite as well as a decrease in total antioxidant capacity associated increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) with the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, IR caused an increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and cytosolyic Ca+2 associated with an expression of Caspase-3 as well as a decline in complex-I activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. Pretreatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg of 3AB guarded against the changes in all the measured parameters, conversely the dose of 15 mg/kg showed no effect on the damage induced by irradiation in the selected tissues. Moreover, 3AB has a dose-dependent effect on viability of Vero cells. CONCLUSION The selected low doses of 3AB rather than the higher dose (15 mg/kg) protected against radiation-induced multiple organ damage.

In this work, we demonstrate the use of annealed sol-gel derived ZnO nanoparticles acting as electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs). We have examined the photovoltaic performance of devices based on poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)- p -phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) blend system employing the ZnO nanoparticles as an ETL with CuI as hole transport layer (HTL) in comparison to the case of using the conventional HTL of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS). The effect of the presence of another layer of ZnO macrospheres attached to the ZnO nanoparticles is also investigated. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 1.35% was achieved for device: ITO/ZnO nanoparticles/MEH-PPV:PC 61 BM/CuI/Ag, which is 275% more the value obtained when CuI was replaced by PEDOT:PSS. The comprehensive analyses on structural and optical characteristics including SEM, XRD, FTIR, PL and UV–vis spectroscopy indicated that the use of the ZnO nanoparticles alone as ETL, together with the CuI as HTL could effectively reduce trap-assisted recombination and charge accumulation at the interface, which is beneficial for the enhanced device performance.

An innovative procedure for the selective recovery of lanthanides using (NH4)2SO4 from hydrous oxide cake produced after the alkali breakdown of monazite mineral concentrate was proposed. By applyi...

Skp1 is a conserved protein linking cullin-1 to F-box proteins in SCF (Skp1/Cullin-1/F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligases, which modify protein substrates with polyubiquitin chains that typically target them for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. In Dictyostelium (a social amoeba), Toxoplasma gondii (the agent for human toxoplasmosis), and other protists, Skp1 is regulated by a unique pentasaccharide attached to hydroxylated Pro-143 within its C-terminal F-box-binding domain. Prolyl hydroxylation of Skp1 contributes to O2-dependent Dictyostelium development, but full glycosylation at that position is required for optimal O2 sensing. Previous studies have shown that the glycan promotes organization of the F-box-binding region in Skp1 and aids in Skp1's association with F-box proteins. Here, NMR and MS approaches were used to determine the glycan structure, and then a combination of NMR and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to characterize the impact of the glycan on the conformation and motions of the intrinsically flexible F-box-binding domain of Skp1. Molecular dynamics trajectories of glycosylated Skp1 whose calculated monosaccharide relaxation kinetics and rotational correlation times agreed with the NMR data indicated that the glycan interacts with the loop connecting two α-helices of the F-box-combining site. In these trajectories, the helices separated from one another to create a more accessible and dynamic F-box interface. These results offer an unprecedented view of how a glycan modification influences a disordered region of a full-length protein. The increased sampling of an open Skp1 conformation can explain how glycosylation enhances interactions with F-box proteins in cells.

Skp1 is a subunit of the SCF ( S kp1/ C ullin 1/ F -box protein) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are important for eukaryotic protein degradation. Unlike its animal counterparts, Skp1 from Toxoplasma gondii is hydroxylated by an O2-dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PhyA), and the resulting hydroxyproline can subsequently be modified by a five-sugar chain. A similar modification is found in the social amoeba Dictyostelium, where it regulates SCF assembly and O2-dependent development. Homologous glycosyltransferases assemble a similar core trisaccharide in both organisms, and a bifunctional α-galactosyltransferase from CAZy family GT77 mediates the addition of the final two sugars in Dictyostelium, generating Galα1, 3Galα1,3Fucα1,2Galβ1,3GlcNAcα1-. Here, we found that Toxoplasma utilizes a cytoplasmic glycosyltransferase from an ancient clade of CAZy family GT32 to catalyze transfer of the fourth sugar. Catalytically active Glt1 was required for the addition of the terminal disaccharide in cells, and cytosolic extracts catalyzed transfer of [3H]glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose to the trisaccharide form of Skp1 in a glt1-dependent fashion. Recombinant Glt1 catalyzed the same reaction, confirming that it directly mediates Skp1 glucosylation, and NMR demonstrated formation of a Glcα1,3Fuc linkage. Recombinant Glt1 strongly preferred the full core trisaccharide attached to Skp1 and labeled only Skp1 in glt1Δ extracts, suggesting specificity for Skp1. glt1-knock-out parasites exhibited a growth defect not rescued by catalytically inactive Glt1, indicating that the glycan acts in concert with the first enzyme in the pathway, PhyA, in cells. A genomic bioinformatics survey suggested that Glt1 belongs to the ancestral Skp1 glycosylation pathway in protists and evolved separately from related Golgi-resident GT32 glycosyltransferases.

Removal and spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of methyl orange (MO) in tap and Nile water using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) supported over polyurethane foam were successfully carried out. AgNPs and samples of a nanocomposite of polyurethane foam and silver nanoparticles (PUF/AgNPs) were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Several parameters affecting dye removal such as pH, contact time, initial dye concentration were investigated. Sorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, desorption, and nanocomposite reusability were investigated. Error analysis data showed the high suitability of the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for better interpretation of the experimental data. The sorbed MO was desorbed and determined spectrophotometrically. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear from 50 to 1000 μg/L with a correlation coefficient 0.9987. The recoveries of the dye ranged from 96.43% to 103.65%, indicating the excellent performance of the proposed method for MO determination in real samples.