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MiR-202-5p is identified as the maker microRNA (miRNA) of germplasm in fish. However, the role of miR-202-5p in gonadal development is still unclear. Here we investigated the expression patterns of miR-202-5p in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Real-time PCR displayed that miR-202-5p was specifically expressed in bisexual gonads, and its transcription in the testis was relatively abundant than that in the ovary. Moreover, it was gradually increased in testis from stage II to stage IV. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) illustrated that miR-202-5p was co-localized with vasa (a marker gene of germ cells) in testis, and it was predominately expressed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, implying that miR-202-5p might participate in spermatogenesis. Considering the important role of retinoic acid (RA) on regulating meiosis during spermatogenesis, we treated Japanese flounders by injecting all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). MiR-202-5p in testis was shown to be up-regulated, and ccnd1, a key cell cycle regulator, was found to be down-regulated after ATRA treatment. Furthermore, ccnd1 was demonstrated to be a direct regulatory target of miR-202-5p using Dual-luciferase assay. In the primary testis cell from Japanese flounder, we further confirmed that ccnd1 was down-regulated by miR-202-5p. The results suggest that miR-202-5p exerts a crucial role in gonadal development by inhibiting ccnd1 in Japanese flounder.

Background Hepatic lipid disorder impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and intracellular redox balance, triggering development of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while effective therapeutic approach remains inadequate. Ginsenosides Rc has been reported to maintain glucose balance in adipose tissue, while its role in regulating lipid metabolism remain vacant. Thus, we investigated the function and mechanism of ginsenosides Rc in defending high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Methods Mice primary hepatocytes (MPHs) challenged with oleic acid & palmitic acid were used to test the effects of ginsenosides Rc on intracellular lipid metabolism. RNAseq and molecular docking study were performed to explore potential targets of ginsenosides Rc in defending lipid deposition. Wild type and liver specific sirtuin 6 (SIRT6, 50721) deficient mice on HFD for 12 weeks were subjected to different dose of ginsenosides Rc to determine the function and detailed mechanism in vivo. Results We identified ginsenosides Rc as a novel SIRT6 activator via increasing its expression and deacetylase activity. Ginsenosides Rc defends OA&PA-induced lipid deposition in MPHs and protects mice against HFD-induced metabolic disorder in dosage dependent manner. Ginsenosides Rc (20mg/kg) injection improved glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation response in HFD mice. Ginsenosides Rc treatment accelerates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α, 19013)-mediated fatty acid oxidation in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic specific SIRT6 deletion abolished ginsenoside Rc-derived protective effects against HFD-induced NAFLD. Conclusion Ginsenosides Rc protects mice against HFD-induced hepatosteatosis by improving PPAR-α-mediated fatty acid oxidation and antioxidant capacity in a SIRT6 dependent manner, and providing a promising strategy for NAFLD.

Radiative cooling without energy consumption and environmental pollution holds great promise as the next-generation cooling technology. To date, daytime radiative cooling performance is still slightly low, especially in humid areas. In this work, we demonstrated that nanoporous polyethylene (Nano PE) film can improve solar reflectivity from 96% to 99%, thus boosting radiative cooling performance. Moreover, the experimental results in humid areas indicate that Nano PE films can improve radiative cooling performance by ∼76% in a clear day and 120% in a day with few clouds. Additionally, compared with ordinary PE films, thin Nano PE films have significantly higher weather fastness and mechanical strength. More importantly, nano PE films can scatter part of visible light, thus suppressing the generation of light pollution in practical applications. Lastly, the modeling results reveal that with Nano PE films, more than 95% of China's areas can achieve daytime cooling performance. Our work can boost the development of radiative cooling technology with a very low cost.

Nb2O5 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 10 nm supported on a rhombic dodecahedral metal organic framework (MOF) were successfully synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction and subsequent calcination process. Experimental results demonstrated that the prepared catalyst drastically improved the hydrogen storage behavior of MgH2. 7 wt% Nb2O5@MOF doped MgH2 started to desorb hydrogen at 181.9 °C and 6.2 wt% hydrogen could be released within 2.6 min and 6.3 min at 275 °C and 250 °C, respectively. The fully dehydrogenated composite also displayed excellent hydrogenation by decreasing the onset absorption temperature to 25 °C and taking up 4.9 wt% and 6.5 wt% hydrogen within 6 min at 175 °C and 150 °C, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding activation energy was calculated to be 75.57 ± 4.16 kJ mol−1 for desorption reaction and 51.38 ± 1.09 kJ mol−1 for absorption reaction. After 20 cycles, 0.5 wt% hydrogen capacity was lost for the MgH2+7 wt% Nb2O5@MOF composite, much lower than 1.5 wt% of the MgH2+7 wt% Nb2O5 composite. However, the addition of Nb2O5@MOF had limited effect on reducing the dehydrogenation enthalpy of MgH2. Microstructure analysis revealed that Nb2O5 particles were uniformly distributed on surface of the MgH2 matrix and synergistically improved the hydrogen storage property of MgH2 with MOF.

Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene/toluene diisocyanate (HTPB/TDI) system is widely used in composite solid propellants. The migrations of plasticizers and water molecules from solid propellants and surrounding environment to the inhibitor have always been the important issues. This study focuses on the preparation, characterization and anti-migration behavior of graphene oxide (GO)/HTPB nanocomposite liner. The GO/HTPB (GH) composite liners affect the migration of small molecules through a tighter cross-linked structure and weakening function of small molecule adsorption. The anti-migration performance of the liner at different temperatures was analyzed, and the influence of the added amount of GO on the anti-migration performance and adhesion performance was also systematically studied. The overall performance of the liner is optimized when the amount of GO filler is 0.3 wt%. After adding 0.3 wt% GO, the concentration of dioctyl sebacate (DOS) migrated into the liner is decreased by 23.28%, and the concentration of water molecules is decreased by 51.89%, indicating that the introduction of GO can significantly improve the anti-migration performance of the liner. In addition, the bond strength is greatly increased from 0.25 MPa to 0.95 MPa, which meets the application requirements of the current propellant system. This research provides an important way for the preparation of structure-function synergistic anti-migration composite liners.

Two novel energetic compounds, 3-nitroxymethyl-5-(4-nitro-furazan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (4) and 3-nitroxymethyl-5-(4-azido-furazan-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (5), were synthesized. Both of them were fully characterized, and the structure of 4 was further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The thermal behaviors, detonation performances and the sensitivities of 4 and 5 were also investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), EXPLO5 program and BAM standard techniques. In addition, the electrostatic potential energy surface (ESP) was studied by Multiwfn program and density functional theory at B3LPY/6-31G (d, p). Both compounds have low melt-point, good energetic performance and mechanical sensitivity, which endow them with promising properties as plasticizing ingredients in propellant formulations.

Despite wide applications of noble metal-based catalysts in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation, promoting the catalytic performance at low loading amounts still remains a significant challenge. Herein, a series of metal oxide modified MOx-Au/TiO2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) catalysts with low Au loading amount of 0.5 wt% were synthesized. Addition of transition metal oxides promotes electron transfer and generation of the Auδ−–Ov–Ti3+ interface. A combination study reveals that the dual-active site (Auδ−-Ov-Ti3+) governs the catalytic performance of the rate-determining step, namely hydroxyl group oxidation. Auδ− site facilitates chemisorption and activation of O2 molecules. At the same time, Ov-Ti3+ site acts as the role of “killing two birds with one stone”: enhancing adsorption of both reactants, accelerating the activation and dissociation of H2O, and facilitating activation of the adsorbed O2. Besides, superoxide radicals instead of base is the active oxygen species during the rate-determining step. On this basis, a FDCA yield of 71.2% was achieved under base-free conditions, complying with the “green chemistry” principle. This work provides a new strategy for the transition metal oxides modification of Au-based catalysts, which would be constructive for the rational design of other heterogeneous catalysts.

Ferric acetylacetonate/covalent organic framework (Fe(acac)3/COF) composite was synthesized by interfacial polymerization method at room temperature. The crystal structure, morphology and porosity property of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and nitrogen adsorption. The interaction between Fe(acac)3 and COF was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Fe(acac)3/COF composite was used as a photocatalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under mild conditions. It exhibits high activity and selectivity for the reaction, of which the mechanism was investigated by determining its photoelectric properties. The Fe(acac)3/COF catalyst developed in this work has application potential in other photocatalytic reactions.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is considered a potential photoactive semiconductor for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE). Although being active in producing hydrogen, it is in general suffering from severe charge recombination rate, low mobility of charge and narrow visible light response range largely, which has restricted its greater application. Existing reviews on g-C3N4 are lacking of systematic and summative view on the effects of the physical-chemical structure-activity relationship between g-C3N4 and the modification involving phosphorus (P). Many studies indicate that adding P into g-C3N4 could effectively elevate the photo-activity. Underlying reasons for the observed improved photo-activity are discussed in this review. Here, P-containing g-C3N4 photocatalysts are grouped into the categories of P elemental doping, composite with elemental P, as well as the addition of metal phosphide as cocatalysts. These P-containing g-C3N4 possess novel properties demonstrating favorable photocatalytic activities as compared with the other elemental (such as O, S, B)-based materials. Therefore, in this mini review, we summarize and discuss the advances on the P-containing g-C3N4 photocatalysts, including the preparation strategies, physicochemical properties, the application for hydrogen production as well as the related reaction mechanism. Importantly, the physical-chemical structure-activity relationship between g-C3N4 and the integrated P is revealed. Finally, an overview of the current research status and challenges on future is presented, which would be helpful in designing and developing other P-containing photocatalysts for various photocatalytic applications.

Aluminum (Al) powder is widely used in solid propellants. In particular, nano-Al has attracted extensive scholarly attention in the field of energetic materials due to its higher reactivity than micro-Al. However, the existence of aluminum oxide film on its surface reduces the heat release performance of the aluminum powder, which greatly limits its application. Hence, this paper used iron, a component of solid propellant, to coat micron-Al and nano-Al to improve the heat release efficiency and reactivity of Al powder. SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, and BET were used to investigate the morphological structure and properties of pure Al and Fe/Al composite fuels of different sizes. The results show that Fe was uniformly coated on the surface of Al powder. There was no reaction between Fe and Al, and Fe/Al composite fuels had a larger specific surface area than pure Al, which could better improve the reactivity of pure Al. Besides, the catalytic effects of pure Al and Fe/Al composite fuels of different sizes on ammonium perchlorate and ammonium nitrate were explored. The results show that the catalysis of pure Al powder could be greatly improved by coating Fe on the surface of Al powder. Especially, the micron-Fe/Al composite fuel had a higher catalytic effect than the pure nano-Al powder. Hence, Fe/Al composite fuels are expected to be widely used in solid propellants.

Sluggish kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) even on precious Pt catalyst impede the large-scale commercialization of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and water electrolysis technologies. Since both of MOR and alkaline HER are related to water dissociation reaction (WDR), it is reasonable to invite secondary active sites toward WDR to pair with Pt for boosted MOR and alkaline HER activity on Pt. Mo2C and Ni species are therefore employed to engineer NiPt–Mo2C active site pairs, which can be encapsulated in carbon cages, via an in-situ self-confinement strategy. Mass activity of Pt in NiPt–Mo2C@C toward HER is boosted to 11.3 A/mgPt, 33 times higher than that of Pt/C. Similarly, MOR catalytic activity of Pt in NiPt–Mo2C@C is also improved by 10.5 times and the DMFC maximum power density is hence improved by 9-fold. By considering the great stability, NiPt–Mo2C@C exhibits great practical application potential in DMFCs and water electrolysers.

Mg alloys are considered the most promising engineering materials because of their unique properties. However, the uncontrolled corrosion rate of these alloys limits their applications. Therefore, in this study, a micro-arc oxidation layer was used as a transition layer to “directly” grow a zinc-based metal-organic framework (MOF) composite coating on the surface of a Mg alloy (AZ91D). Herein, the two zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) coatings with different morphologies were separately prepared by homologous metal oxide induction and a one-step in-situ growth method. The superhydrophobic composite coating showed strong hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties, which could prevent the penetration of water and corrosive ions (Cl−) into the surface of AZ91D. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the super-hydrophobic composite coatings greatly enhanced the corrosion resistance of AZ91D, and the corrosion current density decreased from 10−5 to 10−9 A/cm2. These results indicate that the ZIF-8 coatings are beneficial for improving the hydrophobicity and enhancing the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. Therefore, MOF composite coatings provide a new strategy that can be used to prepare multifunctional anticorrosion coatings on metal substrates.

As an innovative propulsion technique, laser augmented chemical propulsion (LACP) seems superior to the traditional ones. However, the corresponding combustion theories have still to be ascertained for LACP. Burning rate of 5-aminotetrazole (5-ATZ) propellant has been studied by testing pressed samples under different combustor pressures and laser powers. Based on micro computed tomography (MicroCT), an advanced thickness-over-time (TOT) method to characterize the regression of the produced non-planar burning surface is established. Because of a shell structure covering the combustion surface, the burning rate of the implemented 5-ATZ propellant is not constant during laser ablation. Resorting to functional fitting, a new law of non-constant burning including the effect of the observed unique burning surface structures is proposed. Accordingly, applicable combustion conditions of 5-ATZ based propellants have been preliminarily speculated for future research activities.

In-situ incorporation of layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanocontainers into plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings on AZ91 Mg alloy has been achieved in the present study. Fumarate was selected as Mg corrosion inhibitor for exchange and intercalation into the nanocontainers, which were subsequently incorporated into the coating. It was found that the thickness and compactness of the coatings were increased in the presence of LDH nanocontainers. The corrosion protection performance of the blank PEO, LDH containing PEO and inhibitor loaded coatings was evaluated by means of polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The degradation process and corrosion resistance of PEO coating were found to be greatly affected by the loaded inhibitor and nanocontainers by means of ion-exchange when corrosion occurs, leading to enhanced and stable corrosion resistance of the substrate.

A new ternary compound, Mg11-xZnxSr in the Mg-Zn-Sr system was observed and studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscope (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns were refined by the Rietveld refinement method and the results revealed that the crystallized Mg11-xZnxSr phase belonged to tetragonal I41/amd space group and had the Cd11Ba prototype. The Mg atoms were successfully doped into Zn11Sr crystal lattice by occupying Zn atomic sites. Moreover, the Rietveld refinement and computational results demonstrated a gradual decrease in the a-axis and c-axis lattice parameters with decreasing concentration levels of Mg coordination substitution in the lattice of Mg11-xZnxSr compound. The elastic constants and modulus of the Mg11-xZnxSr compounds calculated by first-principles calculations (FPC) indicated they were increased with the increasing of Zn content. The variation of hardness, d -band widths and the total density of states for Mg11-xZnxSr compounds with Zn content was discussed.

Selective hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone is intriguing in chemical industry. Though a few catalysts with promising performances have been developed in recent years, the basic principle for catalyst design is still missing owing to the unclear catalytic mechanism. This work tries to unravel the mechanism of phenol hydrogenation and the reasons causing the selectivity discrepancy on noble metal catalysts under mild conditions. Results show that different reaction pathways always firstly converge to the formation of cyclohexanone under mild conditions. The selectivity discrepancy mainly depends on the activity for cyclohexanone sequential hydrogenation, in which two factors are found to be responsible, i.e. the hydrogenation energy barrier and the competitive chemisorption between phenol and cyclohexanone, if the specific co-catalyzing effect of H2O on Ru is not considered. Based on the above results, a quantitative descriptor, Eb(one/pl)/Ea, in which Ea can be further correlated to the d band center of the noble metal catalyst, is proposed by the first time to roughly evaluate and predict the selectivity to cyclohexanone for catalyst screening.

In the present study, the unique three-dimensional graphene coated nickel (Ni/C) foam reinforced silicon carbide (Ni/C@SiC) composites were first obtained via the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) processes. The microstructure images indicated that the SiC fillers were successfully prepared in the skeleton pores of the Ni/C foam. The influence of the PIP cycles on the microwave absorption performances was researched, and the results indicated that after the primary PIP process, Ni/C@SiC–I possessed the optimal microwave absorbing performance with a minimum reflection loss(RL) of −25.87 dB at 5.28 GHz and 5.00 mm. Besides, the RL values could be below −10.00 dB from 5.88 GHz to 7.74 GHz when the corresponding matching thickness was 3.85 mm. However, the microwave absorption properties of Ni/C@SiC-II and Ni/C@SiC-III were tremendously degraded as the PIP times increased. At last, the electromagnetic parameter, dielectric loss, attenuation constant as well as impedance matching coefficient were further investigated to analyze the absorbing mechanism, which opened a new path for the certain scientific evaluation of the absorbing materials and had extremely important to the defence technology.

Superhydrophobic coating has been widely studied for its great applicational potential, such as for corrosion protection of magnesium alloys while it has been restrained by expensive materials, sophisticated preparation process and infirm rough structures. In this study, the electrochemical method was adopted by using a two-electrode system for rapid hydrophobic modification to obtain superhydrophobic kaolin. By mixing the modified superhydrophobic kaolin with commercial epoxy resin and polydimethylsiloxane glue, a paint can be formed and easily used on various substrates for preparation of superhydrophobic coating via spraying method. The influence factors on wettability of the modified kaolin and the mixing ratio of each component of the coating were explored. Also, the wettability, durability and anticorrosion of the prepared coating were evaluated comprehensively. The coating was able to maintain superhydrophobic after immersed in HCl solution at pH 1, the NaOH solution at pH 14, and 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 16, 21, 30 days, respectively. In addition, the coating exhibited 4A grade adhesion, high hydrophobicity after abraded for 200 cycles on a 600-mesh sandpaper with 100 g weight, and 99.86% anticorrosion efficiency after soaked in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 20 days, demonstrating a good robustness and anti-corrosion property. Furthermore, the coating showed good transparency, flexibility and was easy to make in a large scale by the spraying method, which is of great significance to promote the practical application of superhydrophobic coatings and the anticorrosion Mg alloys.

In this study, the effects of chemical refining on the physicochemical indices, environmental pollutants, lipid functional groups, relaxation characteristics, fatty acid profiles, and triglyceride (TG) molecular species in crude oil extracted from small fish in Mauritania were evaluated. The acid, peroxide, and iodine values of crude oil were identified as 5.52 mg KOH/g, 1.73 meq/kg, and 200.78 g/100 g oil, respectively. After refining, these values were determined to be 0.29 mg KOH/g, 0.76 meq/kg, and 210.80 g/100 g oil, respectively. The polychlorinated biphenyls and arsenic content of crude oil were identified as 32.30 μg/kg and 1.00 mg/kg, respectively. After refining, these were not detected. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accounted for as much as 87.55% of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the refined oil, indicating that high-quality fish oil is suitable as a food supplement. The correlation coefficient of the infrared spectra before and after refining was 0.968, and the relaxation time and peak shape data were almost similar before and after purification. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) in fatty acid profiles between the crude and refined oils, except for C16:0 (P

The CeO2, Ce-Nb-Ox and Nb2O5 catalysts were synthesized by citric acid method to investigate the promotion effect of Nb on ceria for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. The catalytic activity measurements indicate that the mixed oxide Ce-Nb-Ox presents a higher SCR activity than the single oxide CeO2 or Nb2O5 catalyst. In addition, the Ce-Nb-Ox catalyst shows a high resistance towards H2O and SO2 at 280 °C. The Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectra and temperature programmed reduction with H2 results indicate that the incorporation of Nb provides abundant oxygen vacancies for capturing more surface adsorbed oxygen, which provides a superior redox capability and accelerates the renewal of active sites. Furthermore, the Fourier transform infrared spectra and temperature programmed desorption of NH3 results suggest that niobium pentoxide shows high surface acidity, which is partly retained in the Ce-Nb-Ox catalyst possessing a high content of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. Therefore, the incorporation of Nb improves both the redox and acidic capacities of Ce-Nb-Ox catalyst for the SCR reaction. Here, the redox behavior is primarily taken on Ce and the acidity is well improved by Nb, so the synergistic effect should exist between Ce and Nb. In terms of the reaction mechanism, in situ DRIFT experiments suggest that both NH3 on Lewis acid sites and NH4+ on Bronsted acid sites can react with NO species, and adsorbed NO and NO2 species can both be reduced by NH3. In the SCR process, O2 as an important role primarily acts as the accelerant to improve the redox and acid cycles. This work proves that the combination of redox and acidic properties of different constituents can be feasible for catalyst design to obtain a superior SCR performance.

A superior carbocatalyst ultrahigh N-doped graphene (NG) was prepared by a novel self-sacrificial templating method of one-step annealing vitamin B9. The NG catalyst with pyrolysis temperature of 800 oC (abbreviated VB9-NG-800) has an ultrahigh nitrogen content of 13.5 wt.% and demonstrated the highest activity for the oxidation of bio-based alcohols and terpenes with molecular oxygen without any additives. Systematic characterizations and quantum-chemical calculations further manifested that high contents of graphitic N and pyridinic N species in VB9-NG-800 promoted the generation of •O2− active species from molecular oxygen effortlessly, resulting in excellent catalytic performance for aerobic oxidation.

Epoxy resin powder coating has been successfully applied on the corrosion protection of magnesium lithium alloys. However, poor wear resistance and microcracks formed during the solidification have limited it extensive application. There are limited approaches to exploit such anti-corrosion and mechanical properties of magnesium lithium alloys. Herein, the epoxy resin powder coating with polydopamine modified molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@PDA-EP powder coating with 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 wt.% loading) was well prepared by melt extrusion to investigate its anticorrosion performance and wear resistance. The results revealed that the addition of MoS2@PDA enhanced the adhesion strength between coatings and alloys, wear resistance and corrosion protection of the powder coatings. Among them, the optimum was obtained by 0.2 wt.% MoS2@PDA-EP powder coating which could be attributed to well dispersion and efficient adhesion with coating matrix. To conclude, MoS2@PDA-EP powder coating is meaningfully beneficial for the anticorrosive and wear performance improvement of magnesium lithium alloys.

The Himalaya Terrane of southern Tibet exposes successive shallow-marine carbonate deposits from the Lower to Upper Triassic, and is a key region for studying the Triassic conodont biostratigraphy at the northern margin of the Indian Plate. On the basis of newly collected samples from the Kangshare and Laibuxi formations at the Tulong section, 11 conodont species of 7 genera were identified, and four conodont zones were established, namely, the Novispathodus abruptus Zone (lower Spathian, first reported in Tibet), the Columbitella jubata Zone (middle Spathian), the Triassospathodus symmetricus Zone (upper Spathian), and the Chiosella timorensis Zone (lowermost Anisian) in ascending order. The first occurrence (FO) of Chiosella timorensis indicates the Olenekian–Anisian boundary (OAB) at Bed 25, upper part of the Kangshare Formation. The regional and global correlation of these conodont zones is synthesized.

Rational design of hybrid electrocatalysts of nanostructured non-precious metals/metal compound on highly conductive substrates is significant to enhance oxygen reduction activity for clean energy conversion. However, the limited exposure of active sites and sluggish mass transport on electrode trade-off the intrinsic performance of electrocatalyst. Herein, we report a strategic method to fabricate electrocatalyst with well-dispersed iron-based mixed nanoparticles embedding in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (Fe-Fe3C/Fe3N@NCNFs) and demonstrate desired properties of the material, such as hierarchically porous structure, large specific surface area, and well-dispersion of mixed nanoparticles. The Fe-Fe3C/Fe3N@NCNFs electrocatalyst also exhibits high-performed activity in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with high onset potential of 0.998 V and half wave potential of 0.85 V, as well as high stability and methanol tolerance, which is even superior to benchmark performance of commercial Pt/C. In addition, a zinc-air battery assembled with Fe-Fe3C/Fe3N@NCNFs as the air cathode shows high open-circuit voltage (1.466 V), high specific capacities (778 mA h g−1 at 5 mA cm−2), excellent reversibility and stability. The remarkable improvement of electrocatalytic performance validates paramount advantages, attributing from the inter-connected conduction network and well-dispersed active sites on carbon nanofiber surface, over mass transfer process and maximizing exposure of catalytic sites

The development of high-efficiency, stable and low-cost electrocatalysts is a matter of cardinal significance for large-scale electrolytic hydrogen production from water. In this study, we report a hierarchical electrocatalyst of flower-like FeNiP-LDH (FeNiP on layered double hydroxide) loaded on ultrahigh porosity Co foam. The structure/component superiorities and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of this electrode were examined in detail. In alkaline solution, the resulting FeNiP-LDH/CF yields a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of -39 mV, which is superior than most documented transition metal phosphides electrocatalysts and even Pt catalyst (~ -53 mV). In particular, this electrode with an undamaged microstructure can maintain its HER activity over 16 h at high current density of 500-600 mA/cm2. Such remarkable HER performance originates from the satisfactory porous nature of Co foam as well as the special surface structure and electronic properties of phosphide/hydroxide. This work not only offers a viable modular approach for the synthesis of high-performance HER electrocatalysts, but also allows an in-depth understanding of structure-activity relationships of multistage 3D materials for energy and catalysis application.

The present study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in patients with renal anemia and erythropoietin (EPO) hyporesponsive who are receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).This is a single center, before and after treatment, self-controlled study; 55 CAPD patients with renal anemia and EPO hyporesponsiveness were enrolled. The main follow-up parameters included routine blood, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, blood lipid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and iron tests. Serum samples were used to determine interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment Score and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score before and after treatment, and adverse events during treatment were recorded. The follow-up observation time was 12 weeks. Preliminary data 12-24 weeks before the enrollment as well as post-follow-up data at 36 weeks were also collected.Fifty patients completed the 12-week follow-up. The hemoglobin levels were 8.0 ± 1.2 g/dL at baseline and 11.2 ± 2.0 g/dL after 12 weeks of roxadustat treatment. The hemoglobin increases at all measured time points and was statistically significant compared with the baseline value (P .05). The overall hemoglobin response rate (hemoglobin increase ≥ 1.0 g/dL) was 80%, and 50% of the patients reached the hemoglobin target (hemoglobin ≥ 11.0 g/dL) at 12 weeks. Transferrin was higher at 12 weeks (2.2 ± 0.5 g/L) than at baseline (1.7 ± 0.5 g/L) (P .05), while serum ferritin levels slightly decreased compared with the baseline value (P .05). The median high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level and other inflammation-related indicators, such as white blood cell counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were not significantly different from their baseline values. Nutrition-related biochemical indices such as albumin, creatinine, and blood lipids were also not significantly changed. The Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment Score and Malnutrition-Inflammation Score were slightly lower at 12 weeks than at baseline. No serious adverse events were observed during the follow-up period. Post-follow-up data revealed a maintained hemoglobin level in patients who remained on roxadustat treatment while those switched back to EPO treatment after 12 weeks resulted in a decreased hemoglobin at 36 weeks.In patients with EPO hyporesponsiveness on CAPD, roxadustat can efficiently and safely improve anemia and nutritional status without promoting inflammation.

Present one-step N2 fixation is impeded by tough activation of the N≡N bond and low selectivity to NH3. Here we report fixation of N2-to-NH3 can be decoupled to a two-step process with one problem effectively solved in each step, including: 1) facile activation of N2 to NOx− by a non-thermal plasma technique, and 2) highly selective conversion of NOx− to NH3 by electrocatalytic reduction. Importantly, this process uses air and water as low-cost raw materials for scalable ammonia production under ambient conditions. For NOx− reduction to NH3, we present a surface boron-rich core–shell nickel boride electrocatalyst. The surface boron-rich feature is the key to boosting activity, selectivity, and stability via enhanced NOx− adsorption, and suppression of hydrogen evolution and surface Ni oxidation. A significant ammonia production of 198.3 μmol cm−2 h−1 was achieved, together with nearly 100 % Faradaic efficiency. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Self-assembled supramolecular structures with efficient singlet oxygen (1O2)-generation ability are expected to enable photocatalytic oxidation reactions. Herein, we use two photosensitizers, peryl...

It is of great importance to directionally construct advanced carbon host to achieve high-performance carbon/sulfur cathodes for lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, we report a unique hollow pumpkin-like carbon with notable rich-wrinkle microstructure and intrinsically dual doping with N&P elements via a facile annealing process of Aspergillus niger spore. Furthermore, highly conductive polar absorbents, TiC nanoparticles, are in situ implanted into the above Aspergillus niger spore carbon (ANSC) by carbothermal reaction, accordingly forming high-performance ANSC/TiC composite host for sulfur. Impressively, TiC nanoparticles play dual roles of not only pore formation in ANSC matrix but also enhancement of chemical absorption with polysulfides. With the positive synergistic effect between N&P co-doped ANSC matrix and TiC polar absorbent, the designed ANSC/TiC-S cathodes show unique advantages including larger accommodation space for sulfur, higher surface area, enhanced conductivity and better chemical absorption with soluble polysulfide intermediates. Consequently, the ANSC/TiC-S cathodes are endowed with good rate performance (496 mAh/g at 0.5 C) and enhanced long-term cycling stability (736 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 78.8% at 0.1 C after 100 cycles). Our research opens a new door to controllably design advanced composite cathodes from microorganisms for application in lithium sulfur batteries.

Selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) toward cinnamyl alcohol (COL) is an extremely important and challenging reaction. Herein, a series of PtxFey-Al2O3 bimetallic catalysts with varied Pt to Fe ratios were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The introduction of Fe significantly modifies the electronic and surface properties of Pt, which clearly enhances the C=O hydrogenation selectivity. Among all the catalysts, Pt3Fe-Al2O3 displays the best catalytic performance and the conversion of CAL is 96.6% with 77.2% selectivity of COL within 1 h. In addition, Pt3Fe-Al2O3 had excellent reusability with 76% COL selectivity after five runs of the recycle process. Further characterization of the fresh, used and cycled catalysts revealed that the structure and electronic state of the synthesized PtxFey-Al2O3 are unchanged after hydrogenation reaction. The identical-location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) results revealed that the interaction between the nanoparticles and the supports was strong and the catalyst was relatively stable.

Quasi-two-dimensional (q2D) conducting polymer thin film synergizes the advantageous features of long-range molecular ordering and high intrinsic conductivity, which are promising for flexible thin film-based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). Herein, we present the high-performance flexible MSCs based on highly ordered quasi-two-dimensional polyaniline (q2D-PANI) thin film using surfactant monolayer assisted interfacial synthesis (SMAIS). Owing to high electrical conductivity, rich redox chemistry, and thin-film morphology, the q2D-PANI MSCs show high volumetric specific capacitance (ca. 360 F/cm3) and energy density (17.9 mWh/cm3), which outperform the state-of-art PANI thin-film based MSCs and promise for future flexible electronics.

Water pollution has become a serious problem owing to the development of society. Photocatalysis is a promising approach to remove various pollutants in water, such as organic pollutants and antibiotic resistance bacteria. Meanwhile, the design of heterojunction between two semiconductors is an effective path to improve photocatalytic properties due to its potential in improving separation and transfer of photoinduced carriers. In this study, Nb2O5/g-C3N4 (NO/CN) composite materials were prepared through a one-step heating method. Characterizations confirmed successful preparation of NO/CN heterojunction structure and better optical properties than pure g-C3N4 and Nb2O5. NO/CN composite materials showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency for Escherichia coli (E. coli) inactivation (95%) compared with the pure Nb2O5 (10%) and g-C3N4 (77%). Meanwhile, NO/CN exhibited better organic pollutants removal (RhB for 94%, methyl orange (MO) for 15% and methylene blue (MB) for 87%) under visible light, which is likely owing to the heterojunction structure between g-C3N4 and Nb2O5 that leads to the good separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair. Free radical scavenging and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments demonstrated that superoxide radicals (•O2−) and holes (h+) were the dominant radicals. Therefore, the NO/CN was proposed to be a promising material for effective disinfection and removal of organic contaminants in water treatment.

Background: The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is critical in cellular protein degradation and widely involved in the regulations of cancer hallmarks. Targeting the UPS pathway has emerged as a promising novel treatment in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Objective: This review mainly focuses on the preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors. Methods: We analyzed the published articles associated with the anticancer results of proteasome inhibitors alone or combination chemotherapy in solid tumors. Important data presented in abstract form were also discussed in this review. Results/Conclusion: Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib and carfilzomib, are highly effective in treating solid tumors. The anticancer efficacy is not limited to affect the proteasomal inhibition- associated signaling pathways but also widely involves the signaling pathways related to cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, proteasome inhibitors overcome the conventional chemo-resistance of standard chemotherapeutics by inhibiting signaling pathways, such as NF-κB or PI3K/Akt. Combination chemotherapy of proteasome inhibitors and standard chemotherapeutics are widely investigated in multiple relapsed or chemo-resistant solid tumor types, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. The proteasome inhibitors re-sensitize the standard chemotherapeutic regimens and induce synergistic anticancer effects. The development of novel proteasome inhibitors and delivery systems also improves the proteasome inhibitors’ anticancer efficacy in solid tumors. This review summarizes the current preclinical results of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumors and reveals the potential anticancer mechanisms.

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) are a new type of nanomaterials with excellent fluorescence properties, which are well applied in fluorescent biosensing. Herein we developed a multifunctional probe based on the surface engineering of core-shell structure UCNPs with polyacrylic acid (PAA). The developed PAA/UCNPs probe could be highly selective to detect and respond to Cu2+ at different pH. Cu2+ could easily combine with the carboxylate anion of PAA to quench the fluorescence of UCNPs. Therefore, we creatively proposed a fluorescent array sensor (PAA/UCNPs-Cu2+), in which the same material acted as the sensing element by coupled with pH regulation for pattern recognition of 5 thiols. It could also easily identify the chiral enantiomer of cystine (L-Cys and D-Cys), and distinguish their mixed samples with different concentrations, and more importantly, it could be combined with urine samples to detect actual level of homocysteine (Hcys) to provide a new solution for judging whether the human body suffers from homocystinuria.

Abstrct Polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) composite coating was fabricated by a combination of hydrothermal and dipping methods to delay the degradation of Mg alloy AZ31 as bioresorbable materials. The PCL/HA coating was composed of nano rod-shape HA crystals and PCL filled in the space of HA crystals. Compared with the single HA coating, the binding strength between the PCL/HA composite coating and Mg alloy was obviously improved and the PCL/HA coating still adhered to the surface of AZ31 substrate even after 38 days of immersion. The electrochemical corrosion rate of HA coated sample was reduced by ten times after being filled by PCL. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion test results showed that the PCL/HA composite coating could provide a more effective barrier for Mg substrate than the HA coating alone. The cytocompatibility and the antibacterial property of HA coating and PCL/HA coating were evaluated by culturing with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for 24 h under direct culture conditions, respectively. The PCL/HA composite coating showed better BMSC cell compatibility, more suitable for BMSC adhesion than HA coating alone and showed a potential application prospect as a biological materials. However, from the perspective of clinical applications, the antibacterial property of PCL/HA composite coating needs to be further improved.

A series of vibratile π-extended dihydrophenazines (BPs) and a tetrahydrodiphenazine (TP) were synthesized via direct C–N coupling reactions. Structural alterations of the fused acene wings lead to...

Efficient and applicable catalysts are highly desirable for advanced biomass transformation industry, here, we fabricated a series of Nd-Co-P catalysts for hydrogenation of furfural (FAL) to furfuryl alcohol (FOH). By comprehensive characterizations, it is demonstrated that the prepared Nd-Co-P samples are structured as (NdPO4)m/Co2P nanocomposites with molar ratio (m) in range of 0.24–1.1; by manipulating m, the outstanding catalytic efficiency comparable with the performance of precious metal catalysts, such as turnover frequency (TOF) up to 0.50 s−1 (being ten-fold higher than Co2P) and FOH yield up to 97%, is achieved on the reusable (NdPO4)m/Co2P composites. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD), in-situ infrared spectroscopy (IR) and kinetic-mechanism studies further disclose that Co2P is decisive for activating FAL, instead, NdPO4 possesses unique capability of activating hydrogen which readily facilitate the selective hydrogenation of FAL to FOH through a rapid Langmuir–Hinshelwood process over (NdPO4)m/Co2P catalyst. These results indicate that rare-earth phosphates like NdPO4 can act as the promising and reliable catalytic component to activate hydrogen, which can be of interest not only for innovating novel and applicable non-metallic catalysts for sustainable biomass transformation analogous to hydrogenation of FAL, but also for expanding material base for other green mass transformation techniques involving hydrogen.

Enantiopure vicinal diols are important building blocks used in the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds. Diol dehydrogenase (DDH) mediated stereoselective oxidation of racemic vicinal is an efficient way to prepare enantiopure vicinal diols. In this study, four new bacterial DDHs (AnDDH from Anoxybacillus sp. P3H1B, HcDDH from Hazenella coriacea, GzDDH from Geobacillus zalihae and LwDDH from Leptotrichia wadei) were mined from the GenBank database and expressed in E. coli T7. The four DDHs were purified and biochemically characterized for oxidation activity toward (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, with the optimal reaction condition of pH9.0 (AnDDH), 10.0 (HcDDH) and 11.0 (GzDDH and LwDDH) and the temperatures at 40°C (AnDDH), 50°C (HcDDH) and 60°C (GzDDH and LwDDH), respectively. The four enzymes were stable at the pH from 7.0 to 9.0 and below 40°C. Kinetic parameters of four DDHs showed that the HcDDH from Hazenella coriacea had high activity toward a broad range of vicinal diols. A series of racemic vicinal diols were successfully resolved by recombinant E. coli (HcDDH-NOX) resting cells co-expression of an NADH oxidase (NOX), affording (S)-diols and (1S, 2S)-trans-diols in ≥99% ee. The synthetic potential of HcDDH was proved by E. coli (HcDDH-NOX) via kinetic resolution of racemic trans-1,2-indandiol on a 100 ml scale reaction, (S, S)- trans-1,2-indandiol was prepared in 46.7% yield and >99% ee. In addition, asymmetric reduction of four α-hydroxy ketones (10-300 mmol•L-1) by E. coli (HcDDH-GDH) resting cells resulted in >99% ee and 69-98% yields of (R)-vicinal diols. The current research expands the toolbox of DDHs to synthesize chiral vicinal diols and demonstrated that the mined HcDDH is a potential enzyme in the synthesis of a broad range of chiral vicinal diols.

Sugar composition not only affects fruit flavor but is also an important determinant of fruit taste and consumer preference. In this study, changes in the sugar content and sugar-metabolizing enzymes were investigated from different sections of various fruit development phases of ‘Hongshuijing’ pitaya (Hylocereus monacanthus). Genes related to sugar metabolism were also screened by transcriptome analyses. The results indicated that glucose was the major sugar in mature pitaya fruit, and was mainly regulated by vacuolar acid invertase (VAI) and sucrose synthase (SS) (degradative direction). Sugar accumulation varied in pulp between different sections of the pitaya fruit. VAI, neutral invertase (NI) and SS (degradative direction) are crucial enzymes for sugar accumulation in pitaya. The expression of 17 genes related to sucrose metabolism and obtained from seven databases [NCBI non-redundant protein database (Nr), NCBI non-redundant nucleotide sequence database (Nt), EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), The Protein Families (Pfam), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Swiss-prot, and Gene Ontology (GO)] were analyzed in different pitaya pulp sections. HpVAI1 had the highest relative expression level on the 29th day after pollination (DAP). Positive correlations were found between HpVAI1 expression and VAI activity; HpNI4 and NI activity; HpSS2, HpSS5, and SS activity (synthetic direction), indicating that HpVAI1, HpNI4, and HpSS2 and HpSS5 were involved in the regulation of VAI, NI, and SS (synthetic direction), respectively. HpVAI1 and HpNI4 regulated sucrose degradation and the accumulation of glucose and fructose, while HpSS2 and HpSS5 regulated sucrose synthesis. These results suggest that HpVAI1 plays a key role in sugar metabolism during fruit development of ‘Hongshuijing’ pitaya. The results of this study provide new information about sugar metabolism in pitaya fruit that could help improve fruit quality and the breeding of new cultivars.

Recently, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were identified as the leading cause of mortality, imposing a heavy burden on health care systems and the social economy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), as a pivotal co-substrate for a range of different enzymes, is involved in many signal transduction pathways activated in CVDs. Emerging evidence has shown that NAD+ can exert remediating effects on CVDs by regulating metabolism, maintaining redox homeostasis and modulating the immune response. In fact, NAD+ might delay ageing through sirtuin and non-sirtuin pathways and thus contribute to interventions for age-related diseases such as CVDs. Considering that robust clinical studies of NAD+ are ongoing, we discuss current challenges and the future translational potential of NAD+ based on existing studies and our understanding. Despite some remaining gaps in its clinical application, NAD+ has been shown to have broad prospects and pan-effects, making it a suitable prophylactic drug for CVDs.

A nitrogen-sulfur dual-doped citric-acid porous carbon/sulfur (NS-CAPC/S) materials was prepared by an easy hydrothermal method applying glutathione as nitrogen-sulfur origin and citric-acid carbon as carbon origin. The detailed structure of the materials was determined through raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction tests. The appearance of the materials was investigated via transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm was applied to test its pore size distribution and pore structure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was utilized to identify the mass ratio of sulfur. The NS-CAPC/S materials was employed as positive electrode material in Li-S batteries. Electrochemical performance revealed the prepared NS-CAPC/S composite possessed good specific capacity, exceptionally high cycle stability and excellent rate performance.

The intricate dynamic feedback mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis provide valuable inspiration for the design of smart biomaterial scaffolds to enhance in situ bone regeneration. In this work, we assembled a biomimetic hyaluronic acid nanocomposite hydrogel (HA-BP hydrogel) by coordination bonds with bisphosphonates (BPs), which are antiosteoclastic drugs. The HA-BP hydrogel exhibited expedited release of the loaded BP in response to an acidic environment. Our in vitro studies showed that the HA-BP hydrogel inhibits mature osteoclastic differentiation of macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells via the released BP. Furthermore, the HA-BP hydrogel can support the initial differentiation of primary macrophages to preosteoclasts, which are considered essential during bone regeneration, whereas further differentiation to mature osteoclasts is effectively inhibited by the HA-BP hydrogel via the released BP. The in vivo evaluation showed that the HA-BP hydrogel can enhance the in situ regeneration of bone. Our work demonstrates a promising strategy to design biomimetic biomaterial scaffolds capable of regulating bone homeostasis to promote bone regeneration.

To understand the relationships between channel size and ion selectivity, we have developed a new type of artificial ion channel based on pore-forming helical polymers consisting of phenanthroline-...

Ambient electrochemical nitrogen fixation is a promising and environmentally benign route for producing sustainable ammonia, but has been limited by the poor performance of existing catalysts that ...

Barium sulfate has been widely used in different fields due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, but its application in solid propellants has not yet been explored. In this work, novel microreactor was used to prepare the barium sulfate nanoparticles. Then the barium sulfate nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The results show that the barium sulfate nanoparticles are almost spherical with a diameter of 54.34 nm. More, it also has a larger specific surface area. Then 3% barium sulfate nanoparticles were mixed with AP and AN respectively. The results shows that the decomposition peaks of AP and AN are significantly advanced, indicating that nano-barium sulfate has a significant catalytic effect on AP and AN. Nano barium sulfate also has the characteristics of eliminating secondary flames and absorbing harmful radiation, so it is expected to be widely used in solid propellants.

Metal organophosphonates have been explored in energy-related fields due to their high chemical and thermal stability as a type of uniformly precursor, but only few of pristine metal organophosphonate are directly used for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Here, a mixed-valence iron phosphonate (Fe3-ppat) has been constructed and applied to OER catalysis considered the potential active sites in pillars FeII(H2O)4(COO)2 and inorganic layers FeIII(μ2–OH)PO3. Specifically, isostructural trimetallic framework Fe1.7Co0.3Ni1.0-ppat possesses a minimum overpotential (291 mV), small Tafel slope (91.65 mV dec−1), and high stability up to 83 h. The enhanced catalytic performance could be mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of NiII equivalent occupancy in pillars and Co/FeIII in layers.

This translational study aims to investigate the clinical benefits of indocyanine green (ICG) based near-infrared window II (NIR-II) fluorescence image-guided surgery (FGS) on high-grade glioma (HGG) patients.Patients were randomly assigned to receive FGS or traditional white light image-guided surgery (WLS). The detection rate of NIR-II fluorescence was observed. Complete resection rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and neurological status were compared. Tissue samples were obtained from the FGS group, with the diagnosis based on the surgeons and the fluorescence recorded for comparison of diagnostic capability. Patients with WHO grade III gliomas or glioblastomas (GBM) were analyzed separately.15 GBM and 4 WHO grade III glioma patients in the FGS group and 18 GBM and 4 WHO grade III glioma patients in the WLS group were enrolled. The detection rate of NIR-II fluorescence was 100% for GBM. The complete resection rate was significantly increased by the FGS for GBM (FGS, 100% [95% CI 73.41-100] vs. WLS, 50% [95% CI 29.03-70.97], P = 0.0036). The PFS and OS of the FGS group were also significantly prolonged (Median PFS: FGS, 9.0 months vs. WLS, 7.0 months, P0.0001; Median OS: FGS, 19.0 months vs. WLS, 15.5 months, P = 0.0002). No recurrence was observed in WHO grade III glioma patients.NIR-II FGS achieves a much better complete resection rate of GBM than conventional WLS, leading to greatly improved survival of GBM patients.NIR-II FGS is a highly promising technique worthy of exploring more clinical applications.

Cesium (Cs) and rubidium (Rb) separation from brine is an important and application-oriented topic. 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) has been used for Cs and Rb extraction. However, the traditional extraction technology is base and acid consumed. In the present work, an innovative process for Cs and Rb extraction with t-BAMBP is developed, which consists of saponification, extraction, scrubbing and stripping. Both infrared spectrum and electrostatic potential analysis indicate the hydrogen of phenolic hydroxyl isdissociated from t-BAMBP during saponification and the oxygen of phenolic hydroxyl is the binding site for alkali metal ions. Saponified organic phase shows an excellent extraction effect for Cs+ and Rb+. The extraction reaches equilibrium in 5 min, with 99.5% Cs+and 46.7% Rb+ are loaded into the organic phase in the single-stage extraction. Slope method indicatesthe structure of the extraction complex is MOR·3ROH (M = Cs+, Rb+, K+), where the electrostatic attraction between M+ and the oxygen of phenolic hydroxyl is dominant, and the cation−π interaction has a significant effect also. The extraction complex of MOR·3ROH dissociates in the acid environment while scrubbing and stripping is completed. The Cs+ and Rb+ are separated from the mixture phase, the proton H bonds to the phenolic hydroxyl group, and the extractant is regenerated.

Lanthanum-containing (LaX) and cerium-containing X zeolites (CeX) were prepared by a double-exchange, double-calcination method. By changing the calcination atmospheres between nitrogen and air, the CeIV contents in CeX zeolites were adjusted and their impacts on physicochemical properties and catalytic performance in isobutane alkylation were established. The crystallinity of CeX zeolite was found to be negative correlated with the CeIV content. This is believed to be due to the water formed during the oxidation of CeIII, which facilitates the framework dealumination. As a consequence, calcining in air results in a great elimination of strong Bronsted acid sites while under nitrogen protection, this phenomenon was mostly hindered and the sample's acidity was preserved. When tested in a continuously flowed slurry reactor, the catalyst lifetime for isobutane alkylation was found to be linearly related with the strong Bronsted acid concentration. In addition, Ce3+ was found more benefit for the hydride transfer compared with La3+, which is ascribed to the stronger polarization effect on the C-H bond of isobutane. Moreover, the decline of hydride transfer activity can be slowed down by the catalytic cracking of the bulky molecules. Based on the product distribution, a new catalytic cycle of dimethylhexanes (DMHs) involving a direct formation of isobutene rather than tert-butyl carbocation was proposed in isobutane alkylation.