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The reaction of anilines containing a 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety with the bis(xylylisocyanide) Pd(II) complex leads to the formation of acyclic diaminocarbene complexes. The oxadiazole ring is not involved in the reaction. Composition and structure of the obtained complexes have been confirmed by means of mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

A new diaminocarbene cis-palladium(II) complex containing a 2-aminobenzoxazole ligand was synthesized by reacting cis-[PdCl2(CNCy)2] and 2-aminobenzoxazole. The structure and composition of the obtained complex were proven by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicities of the obtained complex and structurally similar palladium(II) complexes containing a 2-aminothiazole ligand were tested against human cancer cells of various histogenesis (MCF-7, HL60, HeLa, DLD1, A431). The activities of several complexes against cancer cells were higher than those of the reference drug cisplatin and the free ligands, i.e., 2-aminooxazole and substituted 2-aminothiazoles.

The reaction of bis(cyclohexylisocyanide) complex of Pd(II) with substituted benzo[d]thiazole-2-amines in the presence of triethanolamine as the base has lead to the formation of deprotonated C,N-chelated carbene complexes with a structure similar to that described previously for the products of the reaction with unsubstituted benzo[d]thiazole-2-amine. The complexes have been isolated and characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry, IR and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C{1H}, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-1H NOESY, 1H-13C HSQC, 1H-13C HMBC). The resulting complexes have exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against sensitive strains of gram-negative bacteria E. coli (C600) and P. fluorescens (P218), gram-positive bacteria S. aureus (ATCC-25923) and B. subtillis (B-3142D) as well as fungi C. albicans (401/NCTC-885-653).

Processes of thermal desorption of oxygen molecules and water from BaCe1–x M x O3–δ, where M= Nd, Sm, and Gd, presintered in air at the temperature of 650°C are studied. It is found that oxygen is desorbed only from neodymium–doped barium cerate and is almost not evolved from barium cerate doped by samarium and gadolinium. The amount of desorbed oxygen features a square dependence on cationic doping by neodymium. At similar degrees of cationic doping, the amount of water desorbed from neodymium–doped barium cerate is always lower than that from the cerate doped by samarium and gadolinium. The obtained experimental data on thermal desorption and analysis of literature data served as a basis for the conclusion as to the mixed valency of neodymium Nd(III)–Nd(IV) in BaCe1–x Nd x O3–δ. In this case, at similar doping degrees x, the hydration degree of BaCe1–x Nd x O3–δ is lower and the oxygen index is higher than in BaCe1–x (Sm,Gd) x O3–δ. The differences become more pronounced at high degrees of cationic doping and must decrease at an increase in temperature.

A new approach to the synthesis of 4and 3-(5-R-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzoic acids via a selective oxidation of 5-R-3-tolyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles with air oxygen in the presence of a catalytic system based on cobalt acetate was suggested. This synthesis allowed us to obtain the products in higher yields and with shorter sequence of steps as compared to the known procedures.

A macroscopic heterostructure synthesized in the form of a germanium-hydroxide proton conductor-graphite assembly generates electric voltage comparable with that in polymer microfuel cells (0.7 V). Germanium-containing heterostructures, operating at room temperature and involving no precious metals, can be used as electric current sources for low-power devices. From the fundamental standpoint, a new combination of solid hydroxide proton conductors with group-IV electrodes is also of interest.

Chemically and structurally complex forms of lithium, sodium, and potassium hydroxides (eutectics and crystalline hydrates) made up a new family of inorganic protonics with high conductivity in the range of 250–450 K. The electromotive force and voltammetric characteristics of solid-phase electrochemical cells on their basis point to the possibility of formation of small chemical power sources, e.g., for power supply of microelectronic devices. Therefore, extension of the scope of the studied electrolytes is supplemented by extension of the scope of electrodes capable of forming in contact with hydroxide electrolytes electrochemically active heterostructures. The capability of hydroxide protonics of operating in contact with the electrodes of group IV elements (Si, Sn, Pb) is observed for the first time.

Ionic motion in a solid, both chaotic (self-diffusion, Dsd) and electric-field-sustained (ionic conductivity, σ), is mediated by the chemical nature of the compound, the structure of its crystal lattice, and texture of the material. One of the ways to controlling these characteristics be it for a basic study of the mechanism underlying ion transport or a search for high conductivity ionic conductors, lies in complicating the composition of a chemical compound and development of composites. This report demonstrates convincingly that individual LiOH(DsdrefA, σref), NaOH(Dsd, σref), KOH(Dsd, σref) and H2O, which can hardly be considered as attractive candidates for this purpose because of their low conductivity below 500 K, can be used to advantage as a basis for production of a new family of inorganic, high-conductivity (>10−4 S cm−1) protonic conductors at temperatures in the 500–250 K range. The first members of this family studied thus far were chosen drawing from phase diagrams of the corresponding binary systems, more specifically, crystalline hydrates KOH·H2O(Dsd, σrefA), KOH·2H2O(Dsd, σ), and NaOH·H2O(Dsd, σ) and eutectics KOH + NaOH(Dsd, σrefA), LiOH + 1.5 NaOH(Dsd, σ), and KOH + KOH H2O(Dsd, σrefA). (Symbols in the parentheses, σ, σref and σrefA, refer to, accordingly, the conductivity measured in the present paper, published by other authors, and by the present author; the same applies to Dsd and DsdrefA as the hydrogen self-diffusion coefficients.) We are reporting on the first measurements of the self-diffusion coefficients of all the three types of ions in KOH, of oxygen and hydrogen in NaOH, and of hydrogen in crystalline hydrates and eutectics. The cubic phases of the individual hydroxides have Dsd of hydrogen, ~7 · 10−7 cm2 s−1, which only weakly depend on temperature. The Dsd of hydrogen in crystalline hydrates and eutectics measured in the 470–300-K interval is 10−7–10−9 cm2 s−1, and the activation energy, 0.4–0.5 eV. The dc conductivities of the eutectics exceed by two to three orders of magnitude those following from the Nernst–Einstein relation, and by five to six orders of magnitude, those of the individual starting components. It is suggested that this effect is actually a result of the self-organized micro-heterogeneity of the eutectics.

The analysis of experimental studying of new ways of diaphragm extensive defects substitution using fabric on the basis of material made of titanium nickelid alloy has been performed. Carried out beam monitoring and studied histologic preparations. Results have shown that implanted into the organism devices of titanium nickelid are deformed in accordance with regularity of organism tissue elastic behavior thus providing with harmonious functioning of the whole system «implanted tissue — organism».

A new phenomenon is discovered, whereby self-organized microheterogeneity of a NaOH/KOH solid eutectic modifies the properties of this proton conductor and thus changes the characteristics of a related Pd|NaOH/KOH|Pd heterostructure. The basic and applied interest in this phenomenon is related both to a high proton conductivity of the NaOH/KOH eutectic (10–30 mS/cm, which is several orders of magnitude (!) higher than the conductivity of NaOH and KOH alone) at moderate temperatures (360–450 K) and to the special electrochemical properties of the heterostructure. The much greater conductivity in the indicated temperature range and specific features of the low-frequency impedance spectrum are related to the formation of a microheterogeneous mixture of NaOH and KOH crystals in the course of self-organization accompanying solidification of the eutectic. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the eutectic heat capacity reveals the presence of chemically different microdomains of two types with the characteristic volumes of ∼35 and 70 nm3.

Electrochemical activation of heterostructures formed by hydroxide proton and two electronic conductors, with one of them being palladium, initiates formation of protonic heterojunctions PdHx|BaCe0.9Nd0.1O2.9 − y / 2(OH) y and PdHx|KOH·nH2O, where x y n = 0.5 and 1. The equilibrium potential of these heterojunctions relative to the Pd reference electrode is approximately − 0.8 V. The temperature interval within which this phenomenon was studied is 360–450 K for barium cerate and 300–373 K and 300–410 K for the hydrated forms of potassium hydroxide with n = 0.5 and n = 1, respectively. The isotopic effect of the potentials of these heterojunctions with protium replaced by deuterium, both in the electrolyte and in the electrode, was determined as 80 mV for the barium cerate at 425 K, and 105 and 120 mV at 368 K for the potassium hydroxide for n = 0.5 and 1.0, accordingly. The deuterated heterojunction was found to have a more negative potential. The reproducibility of the measurements was better than ± 20 mV. A comparison of the experimental values of the isotopic heterojunction potential shift and of the isotopic effect of the zero-point energies of hydrogen atoms dissolved in Pd and of protons involved in the O–H chemical bonding in the electrolyte lattice suggests that quantum effects contribute to the potential of the hydrogen-solution-in-palladium–proton-conductor-with-hydroxide-ions protonic heterojunction.

A hydrogen isotope effect in electrode potentials has been observed for the first time at 368 ± 0.5 K in solid hydroxide protonic PdHx|KOH · nH2O (x < 0.02, n = 0.5 and 1) heterojunctions obtained upon electrochemical activation of Pd|KOH · nH2O|M heterostructures, where M = Pd or C (graphite). The chemical composition of the second (M) electrode did not influence the isotope shift of the electrode potential upon the complete replacement of protium by deuterium, which amounted to 105 ± 15 and 120 ± 20 mV for n = 0.5 and 1, respectively. The isotope shift in the electrode potential of the “hydrogen solution in palladium-hydroxide proton conductor” heterojunction implies the presence of quantum effects. The observed isotope shift is correlated with the isotope effects in the zero-point energies of (i) protons involved in the O-H chemical bonds in the structural units of electrolyte and (ii) hydrogen atoms dissolved in palladium.

Oxygen-deficient La0.67Sr0.33MnO3−α solid solutions have been studied. A comparison is made with the results obtained in an earlier study of a similar lanthanum-calcium manganite series. The physical characteristics of both series are accounted for as being due to a change in the Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio caused by oxygen removal. The differences between the strontium and calcium series originate from differences in both the bulk properties of the original oxygen-stoichiometric materials and their texture. In the strontium series, the texture manifests itself in intergrain magnetoresistance, which exceeds in magnitude the colossal magnetoresistance caused by bulk properties of the material. Study of the oxygen-deficient La0.67Sr0.33MnO3−α compound revealed specific features in the dependence of the electrophysical parameters on temperature and the Mn4+ fractional content that were not observed in the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3−α compound studied by us earlier and in La1−x SrxMnO3 samples described in the literature. The physics underlying these differences is discussed. A modified phase diagram relating the phase transition temperature to the Mn4+ fraction is proposed.

Barium cerate (BaCeO 3 ) is a parent material for the family of high-temperature protonic conductors. Nowadays, BaCeO 3 -based materials were accessible in ceramic form. Recently, pure and doped BaCeO 3 were obtained in crystal form, and this gives an ability for more reliable study of microscopic aspects of hydrogen intercalation. This paper is devoted to study the details of proton intercalation process by luminescent and IR absorption spectroscopy. In this study, it was shown for the first time that charge compensation in the process of proton incorporation in undoped barium cerate is provided by mixed valence state of cerium ions.

Luminescence spectra of barium cerate BaCeO3, a starting material in the family of mixed conductors with protonic and oxygen conduction, are studied for the first time. The photoluminescence of this material is shown to be due to transitions involving cerium ions. A model of the recombination process is proposed. The luminescence of samples subjected to various post-growth treatments is measured, and the connection between the type of the treatment and the specific changes in the luminescence spectra is interpreted.

This paper reports on a first study of the effect of oxygen content in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3−α on the electrical conductivity, magnetoresistance, and specific heat within a broad range of oxygen deficiency variation, 0≤α 0.006. The effects of a variation in the cation composition and the oxygen content on the physical properties are compared.

New original heterostructures that incorporate graphite and iron titanium (TiFe) intermetallide as materials of two electrodes and KOH·2H2O as a solid electrolyte (Tmelt = 315 K) are described. For room-temperature activated cells, the emf amounts to ∼1.4–1.1 V at 263–310 K, where the contribution of the TiFeHx/KOH · 2H2O heteroboundary accounts for 0.9–0.7 V. The replacement of protium by deuterium leads to a ∼100 mV change in the potential of this heteroboundary, which is evidence for a potential-determining role of protons. The isotope exchange confirms the kinetic reversibility of the proton transition via the TiFeHx/KOH · 2H2O heteroboundary, which is also indicative of the formation of a protonic heterojunction.

The electric, magnetic, and physicochemical properties of yttrium barium hydrocuprate (H2YBa2Cu3O7) and its oxidized form (H2YBa2Cu3O7.8) are governed, to a large measure, by poorly studied behavior of hydrogen atoms in the lattice. The crystal chemical state and the mobility of a proton intercalated into yttrium barium cuprate have been investigated by the isotope exchange and inelastic neutron scattering techniques. By their behavior in the process of inelastic neutron scattering, a substantial fraction of protons can be considered mechanically free particles without chemical bonding with oxygen ions. The self-diffusion coefficient of a proton is estimated to be several orders of magnitude larger than that of oxygen ions, the latter coefficient being equal to 10−13 cm2 s−1 at 490 K. Considerable changes in the lattice parameters and local charge distribution in the copper-oxygen subsystem are revealed by the x-ray powder diffraction analysis and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). Discrete changes in the interplanar spacings along the c axis and in the Cu NQR frequencies with a gradual variation in the degrees of hydration and oxidation indicate the formation of hydrocuprate and (or) oxyhydrocuprate in the matrix of the initial material.

The phase composition of the copper oxides films obtained by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at oxygen partial pressures of 0.06, 0.10, and 0.16 mTorr is studied by X-ray phase analysis (XRPA) before and after their heat treatment within the range 300–550°C. It is found that the original phase compositions of the films of each lot are different; after the heat treatment at 550°C, all the films contained only CuO of a monoclinic structure.

A protonic PdHx|KOH · 0.5H2O heterojunction is obtained upon electrochemical activation of a new heterostructure based on metallic palladium and an equimolar mixture of solid hydroxides KOH and KOH · H2O. The contributions of the obtained heterojunction (∼0.8 V) to the emf of the fuel cell, as well as to the cell conductivity, exhibit significant variations at temperatures below 358 K. These variations are correlated with a phase transition in the system and with sharp changes in the diffusion and the chemical activity of protons in the individual KOH · 0.5H2O eutectic. The observed correlation is explained by the determining role of the order-disorder transition in orientation of the O-H bonds both in the volume of electrolyte and in the protonic heterojunction.

New data on the hydrogen behavior in barium cerate and strontium cerate and titanate have been obtained. The conclusions on the chemical state of hydrogen in cerates are drawn from the physico-chemical data on gas–solid exchange phenomena. The idea of different states of hydrogen in the same lattice is advanced. Both earlier and new data on the properties of alkaline hydroxides and hydrogenated Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7 were used for a deeper understanding of the hydrogen behavior in the high-temperature proton conductors.

The electrical conductivity of ceramic samples with a general formula HxBa2YCu3O7+z has been measured in the course of hydrogenation (formation of the hydrocuprate) and subsequent oxidation (formation of the oxyhydrocuprate). The hydrocuprate (x>0, −0.1

Using the copper Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) spectra of RE Ba 2 Cu 3 O 6+ x (RE123, REY, Nd, La, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1) we have determined the relative intensities of the resonance lines belonging to the Cu(1) sites in the Y123 structure type with two, three and four nearest neighbor oxygens as a function of the oxygen concentration x . The different intensity distribution for different RE shows that, unlike the case in Y123, where the oxygen ions in the basal plane order preferentially into long chain fragments leading to the formation of the ortho-II structure at 0.5 x x = 0.5 and oxygen vacancies above this value tend to be single, forming near x = 0.5, most probably, the “herringbone” structure. Due to different oxygen order, the Nd123 and La123 become superconducting only at high oxygen contents, x ≥ 0.6, whereas at lower x the systems show the antiferromagnetic order in the Cu(2) planes, detected by the zero field nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the Cu(2) sites and by muon spin rotation experiments.

From 18O-tracer diffusion, 1H-PFG-NMR and conductivity measurements, the diffusivities of protonic defects (OH0) and oxygen ion vacancies (Vo−1) in BaCeO3 single crystals doped with gadolinium and yttrium have been determined. Their dependence on the nature and concentration of the dopant, and the degree of hydration provide evidence for (i) a strong relaxation around oxygen ion vacancies which decreases with increasing vacancy concentration and (ii) the absence of significant defect interaction even for high dopant concentrations. The attempt frequencies are consistent with a proton diffusion mechanism assisted by the local oxygen dynamics. The thermodynamic data for the hydration reaction, including the water solubility, are in accordance with the conclusions drawn from the transport data. The hydration enthalpy is suggested to be determined not only by the formation enthalpy of oxygen ion vacancies but also by the basicity of the oxygen.

The two-step procedure for preparing yttrium-barium cuprates described by the general formula H 2m + h Ba 2 YCu 3 O 6.5 + m+d' ( m = 0; 1; 2, h ≥ O , d ≤ l ), is considered. The kinetic of hydrogen charging Ba 2 YCu 3 O 7 and the oxidation of hydrogenated samples is described. The proton migration in the bulk and hydrogen exchange with a gaseous phase have been studied by the isotope exchange method. The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen at 470 K is estimated to be 10 − 8 cm 2 s − 1

New compounds of the general composition REBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 (OH) x , 1.5 < x < 2 have been synthesized by treating the hydrogen loaded 123 compounds with oxygen. They have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, susceptibility, and NMR and NQR of Cu. The compounds are pseudocubic with the same cation sublattice as the starting 123 compounds. They are at the limit between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism and show a well defined nonsymmetric EFG at the Cu(I) sites different from the EFG tensors in the starting compounds and in samples loaded only with hydrogen

The antiferromagnetic compounds produced by the reaction of the 123 and 124 HT c superconductors with hydrogen are studied by nuclear resonancee of copper. For the 123 compounds two reactions are possible, the reduction by hydrogen which leads to the normal antiferromagnetic YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 , and the solution of hydrogen in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 which forms a different antiferromagnetic structure with hydrogen concentration of more than 2 H mol −1 . Both structures can be distinguished by the nuclear quadrupole resonance spectra of the Cu(1) sites and the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in the hyperfine field of the antiferromagnetic state. By using samples containing Gd at the place of Y we can prove that only the Cu(2) sites carry permanent magnetic moments. In the hydrogen loaded YBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 the situation is similar with the antiferromagnetic order limited to the Cu(2) sites.

The isotopic method has been used to measure the concentration of hydrogen in as-prepared (Ba, Sr)CeO 3 and (Ca, Sr, Ba)TiO 3 samples. Hydrogen concentrations in the range 0.007 to 0.04 of H per formula unit have been detected for undoped samples, and even more for doped specimens. The influence of cation composition, dopant number density, and preparation method is analyzed. Thermal desorption studies and comparison of hydrogen and oxygen mobilities have been utilized to analyze the state of the dissolved hydrogen.

The structure and properties of hydrogen-doped amorphous carbon (a-C : H) films are determined by the hydrogen content and the structure of the hydrogen bonding with the lattice. Study of the thermal effusion of hydrogen (TEH) provides information concerning both the thermal stability of the films and the chemical bonding of hydrogen. Wild and Koidl [1] measured the TEH in a-C : H films as a function of the bias potential V b . They found that as V b was increased from 50 to 500 V, the TEH threshold temperature increased from 300 to 600 °C. In a study of the thermal stability of a-C : H films prepared by glow discharge, Watanabe and Okumura [2] observed that on heating to 350 °C the thickness and optical gap of the films decreased and at still higher temperatures the films decomposed. Nadler et al . [3] investigated the thermal annealing effect in films prepared by the decomposition of hydrocarbons. On annealing at 500 °C, they observed hydrogen effusion from sp 3 states and formation of C=C bonds, accompanied by a decreased transparency of the films. In an investigation of a-C : H films prepared by r.f. glow discharge, we observed changes in the structure of the amorphous network and of the hydrogen bonding with the lattice as well as in the electronic properties of such films [4]. The data obtained suggest that TEH occurs differently in a-C : H films of different structures. Therefore it would be of interest to experiment on the TEH in a-C : H films.

The conductivity and magnetoresistance in a magnetic field of 0.5 T were studied for the first time in fused samples of a La0.67Ca0.33MnO3−α composition with variable oxygen nonstoichiometry (0.3≥α≥0) modified by exposure to H2, H2O vapor, and high vacuum (10−4 Pa).

The influence of glow discharge hydrogen plasma processing on undoped tin dioxide (SnO2) thin film structure and properties have been investigated. The films of 150 - 200 nm thickness were deposited by a method of magnetron sputtering on Al2O3 substrate at the temperature of this one 250 degree(s)C with a rate of 1.5 - 2.0 nm/min in argon-oxygen mixture atmosphere. It was shown these films are amorphous just after fabrication, theirs polycrystalline structure appears after annealing and disappears after processing in the hydrogen plasma. Such a processing expands a temperature range of film sensitivity to ethanol and heptane vapors, increases the sensitivity to low concentration of those.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The phenomena of hydrogen/water solubility in YBa2Cu3O7-δ and BaCeO3 undoped and doped by Y and Nd are considered. New experimental data as well as recently published data have been accumulated to discuss the chemical state of protons, taking into account the fairly strong interaction of the protons with the electron subsystem. Phase transformation of the studied oxides induced by hydrogen/water intercalation were revealed by the investigations of thermal effects, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, inelastic neutron scattering and nuclear quadrupole resonance.

The proton conductivity of barium-yttrium hydrocuprate HxYBa2Cu3O7+y (x≤2,−0.1≤y≤0.1) was determined for the first time. The proton conductivity (10−6 S cm−1 at 470 K, with an activation energy of −0.6 eV) accounts for 0.1% of the total dc conductivity. Owing to the proton conductivity of strontium cerate (HzSrCe0.9Y0.1O3, z

The action of water vapor on nominally pure BaCeO3 perovskite at 850 K causes hydrogen to be incorporated into the lattice and a thermally metastable state to form. The lattice symmetry changes as a result of an orthorhombic-pseudocubic transition which takes place at a temperature substantially lower than the known thermally initiated rhombohedral-cubic transition at 1173 K.

The formation energies of intrinsic point defects and solution energies of transition metal impurities in gallium arsenide are determined on the basis of ab initio calculations using the method of a locally self-consistent Green’s function, which is a generalization of the coherent potential approximation. Based on the calculated energies, the conclusion is made that the AsGa antisite defect is the most common intrinsic defect in GaAs. Calculations showed that transition metal impurities, except for Ni, preferentially occupy gallium sites substitutionally. The magnetic moments of impurity atoms are calculated as a function of the chemical environment. It is shown that, in compensated GaAs, Mn atoms tend to form clusters.

The mechanism of hydrogen isotope exchange in aqueous alkaline solutions (AAS) of D2 has been studied using Interacting Bonds Method (IBM) data obtained for hydrogen interaction with the molecular ion H3O 2 − . Models for the activated and metastable intermediate complexes are described.

A theory of spontaneous fluctuations with a restricted spectrum of variations of the concentrations of particles in the solid state in layers of a transitional two-phase zone is developed for the case of one-component metallic macrosystems. It is shown that for macrosystems in the region of small supercoolings of the melt-crystal system the normal kinetics of crystallization of one-component metallic melts is realized when the mechanism of spontaneous fluctuations in the particle concentrations in the solid state is operating. It is shown that in the case of macrosystems the mechanism of spontaneous fluctuations with a restricted spectrum of changes of the concentrations of particles in the solid state degenerates into the action of only fluctuation by itself, as a result of which the solid-state particle concentration equals the average solid-state particle concentration of the corresponding microsystems. Good agreement is obtained between the fluctuation theory and the experimental data on the kinetics of crystallization of one-component metallic melts.

The interacting bonds method (IBM) has been used for the analysis of hydrogen bonds in liquid ammonia, including estimates of the “resonance” components of the H=bonds of ammonia molecules with ammonium and amide ions. According to the Ea estimates for the interaction of a hydrogen molecule with an amide-ammonia solution (AAS) and the data on liquid ammonia structure, a kinetic mechanism for isotope exchange (IE) of hydrogen with liquid ammonia is formulated.

A previously suggested mechanism for the H-D isotope exchange of dihydrogen with aqueous alkaline and amide-ammonia solutions is discussed to be generalized and extended to hydrogen isotope exhange with other protolytic solvents.

In the analysis of the reaction between dissolving hydrogen and aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions the interaction of hydrogen with the molecular ion (H3O2)− should be studied. This interaction is analyzed by the interacting bonds method. The activation energy (Ea) is estimated.

The chemical effect of a hydrogen bond of increased strength responsible for the existence of H3O2− and determining mainly the Ea of the catalytic isotope exchange (IE) of hydrogen with water-alkaline solutions (WAS) is discussed. Assuming that the H3O2− associates are also effective in the case of water-alkaline melts (WAM), experimental kinetic evidence in favor of the suggested treatment of the IE mechanism is considered.

The effect of electrostatic type interactions on the deutero-protium heteroexchange of dihydrogen with solutions catalyzed by bases, with the decisive role of hydrogen bonds and particularly of the H-bonds having increased strength, is discussed.

For the first time one-component metallic glasses from Ni and Mo have been obtained. To do this a new method of the explosive spraying of the melt was used. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous Ni has been determined.