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1. The FAZIA project in Europe: R&D phase

Author

Zbigniew Sosin, E. Vient, F. Gramegna, Paola Marini, F. Salomon, Mariano Vigilante, G. Ademard, Luca Morelli, Gabriele Pasquali, G. Pastore, A. Ordine, Giovanni Casini, L. Roscilli, M. Falorsi, M. F. Rivet, P. Edelbruck, Ismael Martel, R. Giordano, C. Pain, R. Bougault, H. Petrascu, A. Chbihi, G. Brulin, L. Lavergne, Alessandro Olmi, O. Lopez, M. Pârlog, R. Rocco, A.J. Kordyasz, N. Le Neindre, A. Wieloch, C. Spitaels, G. Spadaccini, L. Bardelli, B. Bougard, S. Energico, E. Vanzanella, J.D. Frankland, Krzysztof Korcyl, R. Alba, A. Meoli, E. Piasecki, E. Bonnet, R. Borcea, M. Boisjoli, J.A. Dueñas, L. Ciolacu, M. Kajetanowicz, J. Łukasik, M. Cruceru, A. Boiano, S. Serra, T. Twaróg, Marek Palka, Piotr Pawłowski, K. Ga̧sior, G. Tobia, F. Negoita, B. De Fazio, E. Scarlini, P. Kulig, Andrea Stefanini, I. Cruceru, C. Huss, E. Wanlin, M. Petcu, B. Borderie, A. Grzeszczuk, Y. Merrer, S. Carboni, Simone Valdré, P. Di Meo, Giacomo Poggi, V. Seredov, A. Vanzanella, W. Zipper, G. Tortone, C. Maiolino, D. Sierpowski, G. Pontoriere, P. Desrues, M. Degerlier, Domenico Santonocito, B. D’Aquino, M. Guerzoni, F. Cassese, E. Galichet, G. Passeggio, Giuseppe Vitiello, A. Anastasio, E. Legouée, M. Cinausero, Sandro Barlini, V. Masone, Maurizio Bini, H. Hamrita, Silvia Piantelli, E. Rauly, G. Paduano, D. Gruyer, E. Rosato, M. Bruno, Tomasz Kozik, S. Barbey, C. Cassese, Tommaso Marchi, R. Bougault, G. Poggi, S. Barlini, B. Borderie, G. Casini, A. Chbihi, N. Le Neindre, M. Pârlog, G. Pasquali, S. Piantelli, Z. Sosin, G. Ademard, R. Alba, A. Anastasio, S. Barbey, L. Bardelli, M. Bini, A. Boiano, M. Boisjoli, E. Bonnet, R. Borcea, B. Bougard, G. Brulin, M. Bruno, S. Carboni, C. Cassese, F. Cassese, M. Cinausero, L. Ciolacu, I. Cruceru, M. Cruceru, B. D’Aquino, B. Fazio, M. Degerlier, P. Desrue, P. Meo, J. A. Dueña, P. Edelbruck, S. Energico, M. Falorsi, J. D. Frankland, E. Galichet, K. Gasior, F. Gramegna, R. Giordano, D. Gruyer, A. Grzeszczuk, M. Guerzoni, H. Hamrita, C. Hu, M. Kajetanowicz, K. Korcyl, A. Kordyasz, T. Kozik, P. Kulig, L. Lavergne, E. Legouée, O. Lopez, J. Łukasik, C. Maiolino, T. Marchi, P. Marini, I. Martel, V. Masone, A. Meoli, Y. Merrer, L. Morelli, F. Negoita, A. Olmi, A. Ordine, G. Paduano, C. Pain, M. Pałka, G. Passeggio, G. Pastore, P. Pawłowski, M. Petcu, H. Petrascu, E. Piasecki, G. Pontoriere, E. Rauly, M. F. Rivet, R. Rocco, E. Rosato, L. Roscilli, E. Scarlini, F. Salomon, D. Santonocito, V. Seredov, S. Serra, D. Sierpowski, G. Spadaccini, C. Spitael, A. A. Stefanini, G. Tobia, G. Tortone, T. Twaróg, S. Valdré, A. Vanzanella, E. Vanzanella, E. Vient, M. Vigilante, G. Vitiello, E. Wanlin, A. Wieloch, W. Zipper, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), FAZIA, R., Bougault, G., Poggi, S., Barlini, B., Borderie, G., Casini, A., Chbihi, N., Le Neindre, M., Pârlog, G., Pasquali, S., Piantelli, Z., Sosin, G., Ademard, R., Alba, A., Anastasio, S., Barbey, L., Bardelli, M., Bini, A., Boiano, M., Boisjoli, E., Bonnet, R., Borcea, B., Bougard, G., Brulin, M., Bruno, S., Carboni, C., Cassese, F., Cassese, M., Cinausero, L., Ciolacu, I., Cruceru, M., Cruceru, B., D’Aquino, DE FAZIO, Benedetto, M., Degerlier, P., Desrue, P., Di Meo, J. A., Dueña, P., Edelbruck, S., Energico, M., Falorsi, J. D., Frankland, E., Galichet, K., Gasior, F., Gramegna, Giordano, Raffaele, D., Gruyer, A., Grzeszczuk, M., Guerzoni, H., Hamrita, C., Hu, M., Kajetanowicz, K., Korcyl, A., Kordyasz, T., Kozik, P., Kulig, L., Lavergne, E., Legouée, O., Lopez, J., Lukasik, C., Maiolino, T., Marchi, P., Marini, I., Martel, V., Masone, A., Meoli, Y., Merrer, L., Morelli, F., Negoita, A., Olmi, A., Ordine, G., Paduano, C., Pain, M., Palka, G., Passeggio, P., Pawlowski, M., Petcu, H., Petrascu, E., Piasecki, G., Pontoriere, E., Rauly, M. F., Rivet, R., Rocco, Rosato, Elio, L., Roscilli, E., Scarlini, F., Salomon, D., Santonocito, V., Seredov, S., Serra, D., Sierpowski, Spadaccini, Giulio, C., Spitael, A. A., Stefanini, G., Tobia, G., Tortone, T., Twaróg, S., Valdré, A., Vanzanella, E., Vanzanella, E., Vient, Vigilante, Mariano, G., Vitiello, E., Wanlin, A., Wieloch, W., Zipper, Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)

Subjects
Physics, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, SCINTILLATION DETECTORS, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear engineering, Detector, SILICON DETECTORS, chemistry.chemical_element, Reaction products, Nanotechnology, Scintillator, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Particle detector, Particle identification, Semiconductor detector, chemistry, Scintillation counter, Hermetic detector, PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION
Abstract

The goal of the FAZIA Collaboration is the design of a new-generation 4π detector array for heavy-ion collisions with radioactive beams. This article summarizes the main results of the R&D phase, devoted to the search for significant improvements of the techniques for charge and mass identification of reaction products. This was obtained by means of a systematic study of the basic detection module, consisting of two transmission-mounted silicon detectors followed by a CsI(Tl) scintillator. Significant improvements in ΔE-E and pulse-shape techniques were obtained by controlling the doping homogeneity and the cutting angles of silicon and by putting severe constraints on thickness uniformity. Purposely designed digital electronics contributed to identification quality. The issue of possible degradation related to radiation damage of silicon was also addressed. The experimental activity was accompanied by studies on the physics governing signal evolution in silicon. The good identification quality obtained with the prototypes during the R&D phase, allowed us to investigate also some aspects of isospin physics, namely isospin transport and odd-even staggering. Now, after the conclusion of the R&D period, the FAZIA Collaboration has entered the demonstrator phase, with the aim of verifying the applicability of the devised solutions for the realization of a larger-scale experimental set-up.

Published
2014
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2. Low-temperature technique of thin silicon ion implanted epitaxial detectors

Author

Giovanni Casini, Simone Valdré, Gabriele Pasquali, M. Teodorczyk, A. Chbihi, N. Le Neindre, Zbigniew Sosin, Mariano Vigilante, J.D. Frankland, P. Kulig, E. Bonnet, M. Guerzoni, Maurizio Bini, E. Scarlini, E. Vanzanella, Dariusz Lipiński, Bernard Borderie, A. Grzeszczuk, Z. Khabanowa, P. Edelbruck, M. Cinausero, M. Parlog, G. Spadaccini, Ł. Kordyasz, Andrea Stefanini, Alessandro Olmi, R. Bougault, K. Ga̧sior, M. Gajewski, J. Sarnecki, A.J. Kordyasz, A. Boiano, R. Alba, M.F. Rivet, D. Gruyer, M. Bruno, T. Twaróg, A. Zagojski, A. Brzozowski, G. Pastore, A. Meoli, Luca Morelli, T. Marchi, M. Kowalczyk, A. Bednarek, D. Santonocito, C. Maiolino, A. Ordine, K. Krzyżak, S. Serra, Y. Merrer, K. J. Tarasiuk, E. Vient, F. Salomon, Giacomo Poggi, H. Wodzińska, F. Gramegna, G. Tortone, W. Zipper, O. Lopez, Silvia Piantelli, Elio Rosato, Tomasz Kozik, G. Ademard, Sandro Barlini, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Fazia Collaboration, A. J., Kordyasz, N., Le Neindre, M., Parlog, G., Casini, R., Bougault, G., Poggi, A., Bednarek, M., Kowalczyk, O., Lopez, Y., Merrer, E., Vient, J. D., Frankland, E., Bonnet, A., Chbihi, D., Gruyer, B., Borderie, G., Ademard, P., Edelbruck, M. F., Rivet, F., Salomon, M., Bini, S., Valdré, E., Scarlini, G., Pasquali, G., Pastore, S., Piantelli, A., Stefanini, A., Olmi, S., Barlini, A., Boiano, Rosato, Elio, A., Meoli, A., Ordine, Spadaccini, Giulio, G., Tortone, Vigilante, Mariano, E., Vanzanella, M., Bruno, S., Serra, L., Morelli, M., Guerzoni, R., Alba, D., Santonocito, C., Maiolino, M., Cinausero, F., Gramegna, T., Marchi, T., Kozik, P., Kulig, T., Twaróg, Z., Sosin, K., Ga??sior, A., Grzeszczuk, W., Zipper, J., Sarnecki, D., Lipi??ski, H., Wodzi??ska, A., Brzozowski, M., Teodorczyk, M., Gajewski, A., Zagojski, K., Krzy??ak, K. J., Tarasiuk, Z., Khabanowa, Kordyasz, ?. ?., Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, Charged particle, Ion, Semiconductor detector, Ion implantation, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract

A new technique of large-area thin ion implanted silicon detectors has been developed within the R&D performed by the FAZIA Collaboration. The essence of the technique is the application of a low-temperature baking process instead of high-temperature annealing. This thermal treatment is performed after B+ ion implantation and Al evaporation of detector contacts, made by using a single adjusted Al mask. Extremely thin silicon pads can be therefore obtained. The thickness distribution along the X and Y directions was measured for a prototype chip by the energy loss of α-particles from 241Am (〈E α 〉 = 5.5 MeV). Preliminary tests on the first thin detector (area ≈ 20 × 20 mm2) were performed at the INFN-LNS cyclotron in Catania (Italy) using products emitted in the heavy-ion reaction 84Kr (E = 35 A MeV) + 112Sn. The ΔE − E ion identification plot was obtained using a telescope consisting of our thin ΔE detector (21 μm thick) followed by a typical FAZIA 510 μm E detector of the same active area. The charge distribution of measured ions is presented together with a quantitative evaluation of the quality of the Z resolution. The threshold is lower than 2 A MeV depending on the ion charge.

Published
2015
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