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Aim: To evaluate the lipid‐lowering and antiplatelet combined strategies on the expression of the receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 and the percentage of CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 cells in monocyte subtypes after acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Prospective, randomized, open‐label study, with blinded analyses of endpoints (PROBE, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02428374, registration date: April 28, 2015). Participants were treated with rosuvastatin 20 mg or simvastatin 40 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg, as well as ticagrelor 90 mg or clopidogrel 75 mg. The chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction as well as the percentages of CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 cells in the monocyte subtypes (classical, intermediate, and non‐classical), which were quantified by flow cytometry, at baseline, and after 1 and 6 months of treatment. Results: After comparisons between the three visits, regardless of the treatment arm, there was an increase in CCR2 expression after treatment, as well as an increase in intermediate monocytes CCR2+ and a reduction in non‐classical monocytes CCR2+ at the end of treatment. There was also a lower expression of CCR5 after treatment and an increase in classical and non‐classical monocytes CCR5+. Concerning CX3CR1, there were no differences in the expression after treatment; however, there were reductions in the percentage of intermediate and non‐classical monocytes CX3CR1+ at the end of treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest the persistence of the inflammatory phenotype, known as trained immunity, even with the highly‐effective lipid‐lowering and antiplatelet therapies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 700–707. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chemokine receptors are related to the migration of monocytes to the vessel walls. • Periodontal treatment might modulate the expression of chemokine receptors. • Diabetes promotes increase in chemokine receptors when associated to Peridontitis. • Periodontal treatment reduces the expression of chemokine receptors in patients with Diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment in the expression of chemokine receptors, in individuals with Periodontitis, associated or not with Diabetes. Pilot study, which included patients (n = 45) with Periodontitis, associated (n = 25) or not (n = 20) with Diabetes, submitted to the non-surgical periodontal treatment for one month. The expression of chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 at the mRNA level was evaluated in the peripheral mononuclear cells, as well as the expression of these receptors at the protein level was verified in monocyte subtypes (classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes). There was higher expression of CCR2 and CCR5 receptors at the initial visit in the group with Diabetes, with no differences for CX3CR1 (p = 0.002; p = 0.018, and p = 0.896, respectively), without differences after treatment. There was higher expression of CCR2 and CCR5 proteins in the group with Diabetes at the initial visit for classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, with no differences for CX3CR1 (CCR2: p = 0.004; p = 0.026; p = 0.024; CCR5: 0.045; p = 0.045; p = 0.013; CX3CR1: p = 0.424; p = 0.944; p = 0.392, respectively), without differences after the end of treatment. Concerning each group separately, there were reductions in the expression of CCR2 as well as CCR5 in classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, and reduction of CX3CR1 in classical monocytes after treatment in the group with Diabetes (p = 0.003; p = 0.006; p = 0.039; p = 0.007; p = 0.006; p = 0.004; p = 0.019, respectively), without differences in the group without Diabetes. The expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5, in patients with Periodontitis associated with Diabetes, is favorably modified after the end of the non-surgical periodontal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]