Search

This paper reflects on the concept of the Plantationocene through an analysis of sugarcane plantations in Guangxi province, China. It argues that although these plantations are owned and operated by local villagers, they are de facto controlled by corporations, and subject to state intervention through a 'zoning scheme'. They are constructed and operated according to the same logic as other plantations all over the world, namely, the logic of extraction based on cheap land and labor. By demonstrating that plantations are not necessarily large-scale and do not always entail the alienation of land and labor, this paper hopes to empirically broaden the concept of the Plantationocene and to highlight the extractive nature of and the power relations around plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Quarterly is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

China tends to be a dominant figure in the literature on global land grabbing. It is either cast as a major land grabber in distant places such as Africa, or as a key player in crop booms elsewhere because it provides for massive market demand, such as for soya from South America. These are all important issues and are well covered in the literature. However, the crop booms inside China that involve transnational capital and investors - and have provoked conflict around land politics - have been overlooked. Spotlighting the issue of land grabbing inside China reminds us that capital accumulation is principally interested in geographies and settings where it can generate profit - regardless of nationalities, boundaries, structural or institutional conditions. This paper hopes to contribute towards a more refined picture of global land grabbing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When large-scale common land is taken from villagers by investors with little compensation, their labour unneeded, villagers' livelihoods tend to be largely destroyed. This implies a tendency to focus on what has been taken from villagers during the land-based change, which has valid and has far-reaching social relevance. But as the rise of the industrial tree plantation (ITP) sector in Guangxi shows, some villagers are capable of having their livelihoods maintained and even expanded when big investors come and acquire massive amounts of land. This seems to be an anomaly at a first glance, considering what has been taken from villagers, but these unexpected and positive livelihood changes can be explained when one closely examines the dynamic of what is taken and what has been left to villagers. During this ITP boom, although large-scale collectively owned forestland is taken by investors and few work opportunities are created to incorporate those affected, villagers' control over farmland plots and their access to off-farm work opportunities remain (including the land system and labour dynamics). This paper highlights the importance of analysing "taken-left" dynamics to more fully capture diverse livelihood changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization has an abundant connotation in dimensions such as population, economy, land, and society and is an important sign to measure regional economic development and social progress. The use of Night Light Data from remote sensing satellites as a proxy variable can significantly improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the measurement of urbanization development dynamics. Based on the Night Light Data and statistical data from 2015 to 2019, this paper quantitatively analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of urbanization in Guangxi and its driving mechanism using exploratory time-space data analysis, GeoDetector and Matrix: Boston Consulting Group, providing an important basis for sustainable urban development planning and scientific decision-making by the government. The findings show that (1) there is a high level of spatial heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation of urbanization in Guangxi, with the Gini index of urban night light index and urban night light expansion vitality index always greater than 0.5, the global Moran's I greater than 0.17, the spatial differentiation converging but the spatial correlation increasing. (2) The spatial pattern of urbanization in Guangxi has long been solidified, but there is a differentiation in urban development trend, with the coexistence of urban expansion and shrinkage, requiring differentiated policy design for urban governance. (3) The development and evolution of urbanization in Guangxi present a complex intertwined dynamic mechanism of action, with interaction effects of bifactor enhancement and non-linear enhancement among factors. It should be noted that the influence of factors varies greatly, with the added value of the tertiary industry, gross domestic product, total retail sales of social consumer goods having the strongest direct effect on the urban night light index, while the added value of secondary industry, per capita GDP, gross domestic product having the strongest direct effect on the urban night light expansion vitality index. All of them are key factors, followed by some significant influence factors such as government revenue, population urbanization rate, per government revenue, population urbanization rate, per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents that should not be ignored, and the rest that play indirect roles mainly by interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decades the number of known species of Aspidistra (Asparagaceae) increased rapidly to 209. The present paper provides a comprehensive and detailed dichotomous key for the identification of all currently accepted species, subspecies and varieties. Additional information is provided concerning the distribution of each species, and its chromosome number(s). Furthermore, an annotated bibliography is added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental activism and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are not limited to major cities, but have gradually taken root in provincial and local politics in China. This paper compares the development and characteristics of environmental activism in Guangdong province and Guangxi autonomous region, with the aim of shedding light on the causes of regional disparities in this field. With extensive and strong ties to peer organizations across issue areas within the province, grassroots environmental groups in Guangdong have grown as an integral part of local civil society. They have survived, through mutual-support, on a larger scale than those in Guangxi. Also, with a higher level of networking and capacity, environmental NGOs in Guangdong are more able to utilize the new opportunities offered by recent institutional reforms in social management and environmental protection in the province. The paper, thus, challenges the argument that over-emphasizes the domination of the state and points out that inter-organizational partnerships and the overall maturity of the civil society sector contribute most to the uneven development of grassroots environmental activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments set the context in which entrepreneurship can or cannot occur. This paper examines the case of Yangshuo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, to explore the influence of governmental involvement on heritage tourism development. This paper draws primarily on interviews with government officials, supplemented by surveys with residents, the business community and tourists, to understand the policies, marketing, and official attitudes and involvement of governments in tourism. Yangshuo has been successful at developing tourism in part because Yangshuo's governments accord great importance to tourism and have actively encouraged its development, adopting multiple supportive roles. Variations in government support can greatly influence the entrepreneurial environment and, hence, the style and pace of tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the role of tourism in providing cognitive alternatives for the strengthening of place-based ethnic minority group identities in China, and scrutinises subsequent affects of China's integrative policy of ethnic and economic assimilation through tourism. During China's post-1978 reform period, tourism has been utilised in many rural areas as a tool for the economic and social development of rural toured communities. Consequently, tourism has been responsible for huge social, economic and political changes for ethnic minority peoples and landscapes that have been foregrounded into nationalistic tourist discourses. The research is based on ethnographic interviews and observation in the Dong ethnic minority village of Ma'an in south-western China's Guangxi province. Findings are considered with Tajfel and Turner's ‘Social Identity Theory’, which is utilised as an approach to understand how minority groups adapt and react under situations of social change in order to create and maintain positive group identities. The discussion highlights the role of tourism in providing a stimulus for the creation of a local group identity based on ethnic and rural difference and local cultural achievement, which in turn subverts wider negative discourses of rural areas and ethnic minorities. By heightening ethnic and social differences, tourism is shown to be exciting feelings within the Dong host community which are contrary to the wider integrative and socio-economic ideology of State tourism policy in ethnic minority areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aphyocypris pulchrilineata sp. nov., a miniature cyprinid fish, was described from a small branch of the Hongshuihe River, which belongs to the Pearl River drainage. The new species can be distinguished from the species of Yaoshanicus, Nicholsicypris, Pararasbora and some species of Aphyocypris ( Aphyocypris chinensis and Aphyocypris kikuchii) by the lack of a lateral line, either complete or partial. The new species is most similar to Aphyocypris lini morphologically. However, A. pulchrilineata lacks a large black spot on the caudal-fin base which A. lini has. A key to the species of the genus Aphyocypris is provided in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale retailing is characteristic of many developing and emerging economies. It has been argued that in the course of economic development a retail environment will be transformed into a more efficient system by fewer but larger retailers that often are gigantic global players. However, in many societies, small retailers have other functions in addition to retailing. As shown in a sample of small retailers in the People’s Republic of China, many retailers started their businesses due to unemployment or retirement. In countries such as China where the social security safety network is lacking, starting a small-scale business is one way to earn a living. The benefits of the modernization on retailing notwithstanding, this paper discusses how economic development and efficiencies of scale in retailing may destroy a well-functioning system that provides income for less-fortunate individuals. The findings are based on observations and interviews conducted in 1993–2010 in Guilin, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specialization may lead to higher income for small-scale farmers but comes with increased risks, while diversification can mitigate risks and foster agricultural sustainability. Considering the influences of complex risks and farmers' subjective risk aversion, the decision for small-scale farmers to specialize in citrus cultivation or diversify with multiple crops remains uncertain. There is currently limited understanding of this issue among citrus smallholders in rural China. This study aims to fill this empirical gap by examining the impact of smallholder farmers' subjective risk aversion on their choice between citrus monoculture and crop diversification. It utilizes a subjective risk assessment approach that incorporates farmers' risk perceptions and risk attitudes towards citrus farming. Farm crop diversification is assessed through the utilization of both the count index and Shannon index. The empirical analysis employs survey data obtained from citrus growers in Guangxi, China, and applies an instrumental variable regression method with endogeneity consideration using the IV-Probit model and 2SLS model estimation. The results reveal that both risk perceptions and risk attitudes play important roles in citrus smallholders' land allocation decisions. Specifically, citrus farmers who perceive higher risks and adopt risk-averse attitudes are statistically more inclined to engage in land use diversification practices, including the practice of growing citrus as well as other crops, which contributes to reducing the risks of citrus farming and promoting local environmental conservation. These results contribute to a better scholarly comprehension of the relationship between risk perceptions, risk attitudes, and crop diversification among small-scale citrus farmers. They provide valuable insights for enhancing the sustainability of land use systems with citrus farming while also emphasizing the importance of maintaining essential diversification in small-scale farming throughout the process of agricultural modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Digitalization is the key to sustainable village development, posing a new challenge for village planning, construction, and governance in all countries. The construction of digital villages is currently in the stage of experimentation and exploration; China is the largest developing country and a pioneer in the digitization of villages. (2) Methods: Based on a combination of the Boston Consulting Group Matrix and GeoDetector, we conducted an empirical study on 70 counties in Guangxi, aiming to analyze the construction level, evolution model, and driving mechanism of digital villages and to provide a basis for decisions on government investment and social participation. (3) Results: First, Conspicuous disequilibrium in rural digitalization has manifested in Guangxi, and counties at different levels (leader, follower, and straggler) show significant clustering and correlation effects in their geographical distribution. Second, digital village construction in Guangxi has evolves in diversified modes (divided into four types: star, gazelle, cow, and dog), with hot and cold areas forming a center–periphery structure. Third, rural digitalization has a very complex driving mechanism, with high heterogeneity in the direct influencing factors, significant synergistic enhancement of factors, and nonlinear enhancement dominating the interaction's relationship. (4) Conclusions: According to the results of analysis, we suggest highlighting the government-driven mechanism and regional linkage in the construction of digital villages, formulating differentiated management policies and development plans based on the combination of top-level design and grassroots innovation, establishing joint meetings or development associations and service alliances, and stimulating the enthusiasm of the whole of society, especially farmers and enterprises, in order to achieve rapid and sustainable rural digitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a policy tool to coordinate land use among regions, the practice of transferable development rights (TDR) is widely used all over the world. However, there are still many problems in the practical application of TDR. Therefore, based on the real estate and land market transaction data of Chongzuo and Liuzhou in 2016, this paper attempts to establish a prediction model of the development profit of supplementary cultivated land quota transactions. The paper also focuses on an analysis of the impact on the development profit of the areas that are sending and those that are receiving after a supplementary cultivated land quota transaction. The results show that: (1) since the income per unit of land development in the receiving area is higher than in the sending area, this leads to a greater tendency of land development in high income regions. If the goal is to maximize profit from land development, the government will prefer to restrict the sending area's land development rights. (2) Because the government is dominant in terms of setting land prices, the transaction price is far lower than the equilibrium price. Transfers in which the producer surplus becomes the consumer surplus can cause greater development profits to flow to the economically developed regions. However, these transfers will restrain the income of the economically underdeveloped regions, and even weaken their potential for later development. This effectively proves that the implementation of TDR will increase regional inequality, ensuring the poor get poorer and the rich get richer. This indicates that improving the market transaction mechanism and setting a reasonable transaction price will help to improve the TDR policy, narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, and promote TDR's ability to play a greater role in the coordinated development of regional economies. • Due to price distortion, TDR will increase regional economic imbalance. • Transaction gain in the receiving area is higher than that in the sending area. • Comparative advantage of the transaction prioritizes higher land development tendencies in high-income regions. • Rational TDR pricing is an important step to restrain the widening economic development gap between the two sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial regulation produces different advantages in areas with different land resource endowments. It also affects the welfare of stakeholders in different regions. Existing studies mainly focus on the "visible" welfare "windfalls" and "wipeouts" caused by spatial regulation, yet pay little attention on the "invisible" effects. This article selects Tianyang County (a key development zone) and Tiandong County (a restricted development zone) as its principal research areas. These areas have been divided as part of China's major function oriented zone (MFOZ) planning. The MFOZ represents the most significant and broad exercise in spatial regulation. These regions located in Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. After applying Sen's feasibility capability theory as the foundation on which to build a theoretical framework, this article calculates and compares the changes in farmers' welfare before and after losing land in the key development zones (weak spatial regulation) and the restricted development zones (strong spatial regulation) by using a fuzzy mathematics method. The impact of spatial regulation on the "invisible" welfare of land-lost farmers is then analyzed. The results show that: (1) differences in spatial regulation produce "windfalls" in the total welfare of land-lost farmers in the key development zones, but "wipeouts" in the restricted development zones; (2) the "visible" welfare of economic income for land-lost farmers are "windfalls" in the key development zones, but are "wipeouts" in the restricted development zones; (3) the "invisible" welfares of social security, development opportunities, living conditions and psychological conditions are "windfalls" for land-lost farmers in the key development zones, but are "wipeouts" in the restricted development zones; (4) the "invisible" welfare of living environments for land-lost farmers are "wipeouts" in the key development zones, but are "windfalls" in the restricted development zones. This study thereby provides evidence-based insights which can enable countries to formulate spatial regulation systems that promote balanced development among regions, and to fully consider the "invisible" welfare compensation of land-lost farmers as part of land expropriation compensation policies. • This paper applies Sen's feasibility capability theory as the foundation on which to build a theoretical framework, and calculates and compares the changes in farmers' welfare before and after losing land in the key development zones (weak spatial regulation) and the restricted development zones (strong spatial regulation) by using a fuzzy mathematics method. The impact of spatial regulation on the "invisible" welfare of land-lost farmers is then analyzed. • This paper makes the following two contributions. Firstly, there is no prior research on the "invisible" welfare "windfalls" and "wipeouts" caused by spatial regulation. This paper reveals that spatial regulation not only directly affects the "visible" welfare, in terms of the economic income, of land-lost farmers, but also indirectly affects their "invisible" welfare. Therefore, this article aims to enrich research on the direct and indirect multi-dimensional welfare impact of spatial regulation on stakeholders. Secondly, the current welfare compensation policies for land-lost farmers formulated in different areas of spatial regulation do not fully take into account the issue of invisible multi-dimensional welfare compensation, such as social security, development opportunities, living conditions, living environment, and psychological conditions. The research underlying this paper can therefore provide valuable data and insights which can help countries to formulate a spatial regulation system that will promote balanced development among regions, and can also provide a reference point for governments to improve welfare compensation policies for land-lost farmers by including invisible multi-dimensional welfare compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of Terrobittacus Tan & Hua, 2009 are described and illustrated from Sichuan and Guangxi provinces of China, increasing the species number of Terrobittacus to eight. Terrobittacus emeishanicus sp. nov. is differentiated from its congeners by wings with distinct markings and a female subgenital plate with a V-shaped carina. Terrobittacus laoshanicus sp. nov. can be recognized by the black terga VI-IX. A key to species of Terrobittacus is updated. The species distribution and the relationship between adult morphology and mating behavior were briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a qualitative methodology. The objective was to examine a musical instrument for teaching the creation and acoustic characteristics of Guhu of the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, China, about shape and structure to summarize raw materials, craftsmanship, and process of Guhu, then measure by acoustic instruments, conclude the acoustic characteristics of Guhu, and discuss the use and functional significance of the instrument more accurately and logically. The raw materials, tools, production points, and specific steps of Guhu are systematically recorded by interviews, observation, and personal experience. Several acoustic measurements are made to explore the acoustic characteristics of Guhu. Guhu's culture and characteristics are fully demonstrated in the core of technical practice and the theory of technical knowledge. The study results show that: the traditional production method. Overall, it has the potential to be universal and representative of acoustic characteristics. Guhu's wood, leather, and aggregate materials are all standard. Guhu's creation has an influence on its shape, structure, and acoustics. Guhu is being improved as time passes, and research into characteristics is also helping guide the development of a more standard production process and a new improvement scheme. This will result in the integration of knowledge to study techniques and methods for creating Guhu that will last indefinitely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a qualitative research and interview methodology with the objective of examining the development and analyzing the playing pattern of Huigu of Zhuang nationality in Mashan County, Guangxi. The fieldwork method is mainly used for collecting data, together with the information from the document. The study's result showed that the process of making HuiGu requires the preparation of tools and instruments used to make musical instruments. and the process of preparing wood, cow hide, and Zhumie to be assembled to make HuiGu. On the playing mode of HuiGu, we found that there were the following types of play styles: 1) Single drumming mode; 2) group drumming patterns; 3) group playing mode; 4) parade performance mode. Playstyle Huigu can be found at Drums of Dragon Dances, Wedding Drums, and Harvest Drums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political representation centers on who claims to represent what and the extent to which the audience feels being represented. The mainstream body of scholarship on political representation has focused on electoral-based representation in the context of liberal-democratic settings. China provides an excellent case to study the phenomenon of non-electoral forms of political representation. This article seeks to address the question of how do the Chinese authorities enhance political representation by public deliberation in social welfare policy? Drawing on first-hand official documents and interview accounts from fieldwork conducted in Guangxi and Hubei, as well as secondary data sources, this article undertakes a mechanism-based comparative case study of these two localities, examining the different forms of citizen deliberation in poverty alleviation programs. It reveals that the party regime has developed an increasingly sophisticated set of strategies in establishing representation by deliberative consultation. Furthermore, two distinctive forms of deliberative representation, the state-authoritative model and the light-empowered model can be discerned from the different deliberative participatory experiences of Guangxi and Hubei. The deliberative elements introduced into the poverty alleviation program demonstrate that with a deeper and more consequential engagement of the citizens in welfare policy decision making, there can be an empowered form of political representation generated even in a non-electoral setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Strong laboratory capacity is essential for detecting and responding to emerging and re-emerging global health threats. We conducted a quantitative laboratory assessment during 2014-2015 in two resource-limited provinces in southern China, Guangxi and Guizhou in order to guide strategies for strengthening core capacities as required by the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005).Methods: We selected 28 public health and clinical laboratories from the provincial, prefecture and county levels through a quasi-random sampling approach. The 11-module World Health Organization (WHO) laboratory assessment tool was adapted to the local context in China. At each laboratory, modules were scored 0-100% through a combination of paper surveys, in-person interviews, and visual inspections. We defined module scores as strong (> = 85%), good (70-84%), weak (50-69%), and very weak (< 50%). We estimated overall capacity and compared module scores across the provincial, prefecture, and county levels.Results: Overall, laboratories in both provinces received strong or good scores for 10 of the 11 modules. These findings were primarily driven by strong and good scores from the two provincial level laboratories; prefecture and county laboratories were strong or good for only 8 and 6 modules, respectively. County laboratories received weak scores in 4 modules. The module, 'Public Health Functions' (e.g., surveillance and reporting practices) lagged far behind all other modules (mean score = 46%) across all three administrative levels. Findings across the two provinces were similar.Conclusions: Laboratories in Guangxi and Guizhou are generally performing well in laboratory capacity as required by IHR. However, we recommend targeted interventions particularly for county-level laboratories, where we identified a number of gaps. Given the importance of surveillance and reporting, addressing gaps in public health functions is likely to have the greatest positive impact for IHR requirements. The quantitative WHO laboratory assessment tool was useful in identifying both comparative strengths and weaknesses. However, prior to future assessments, the tool may need to be aligned with the new WHO IHR monitoring and evaluation framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common mental illness affecting women during lactation, and good social capital is considered a protective factor. This study aimed to investigate PPD symptoms, and explore the relationships between social capital and PPD symptoms of lactating women in southwest minority areas in China. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 413 lactating women in Guangxi, China. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Chinese version of the Social Capital Assessment Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing PPD symptoms, and a structural equation model was used to examine how social participation and cognitive social capital mediated PPD symptoms. Results: The total prevalence of PPD symptoms (score > 12) was 16.46%, and that of mild depression symptoms (9–12 score) was 22.03%. Nine variables predicted PPD symptoms and explained 71.6% of the variance in the regression model: higher age, lack of medical security, fixed occupation, breastfeeding time, self-caregiver, maternity leave, social participation, social trust, and social reciprocity. Furthermore, cognitive social capital mediated the relationship between social participation and PPD symptoms, with a mediation effect rate was 44.00%. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight that social capital, support from family members, maternity leave, and medical insurance play protective roles in the PPD symptoms of lactating women. It is necessary to improve social capital as a key strategy for interventions for PPD symptoms, and active social participation activities are critical to reducing PPD symptoms among lactating women in minority areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development zone is an important institutional form of industrial spatial organization in China's economic transformation and is an essential growth pole of urban economic development. Based on the county-level panel data of Guangxi from 2005 to 2017, this study contributes to the discussion by exploring the effects of development zones on economic development in developed regions. Additionally, this study further attempts to illustrate the character of the agglomeration effect built on development zones and try to reveal the significant influence factors of the effect of development zones on the economy. Through the progressive difference-in-difference (DID) model approach, empirical results reveal that the development zone has a negative effect on the local economy within three years after its establishment, and the "development zone fever" significantly reduces the potential for regional economic growth. With the decrease in the established frequency of development zones, the effect of the development zone on economic growth becomes positive. However, this promoting effect is unsustainable because the agglomeration effect of development zones is mainly caused by the "clusters of enterprises". Certain industrial agglomeration and technological capabilities are essential prerequisites for development zones to promote economic growth, while the negative impact appears in a highly competitive environment caused by excessive government intervention. Therefore, the key to maintaining the sustainability of development zones' competition is to strengthen the assessment standard of survival of the fittest for enterprises, and promote the agglomeration of high-end industries by improving the selection effect of development zones. These findings have great potential in policy making and can be used as a resource by policymakers to promote the sustainable development of less developed regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Tourism Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most Chinese provinces have a daily‐updated database of live animal movements; however, the data are not efficiently utilized to support interventions to control H7N9 and other avian influenzas. Based on official records, this study assessed the spatio‐temporal patterns of live broilers moved out of and within Guangxi in 2017. The yearly and monthly networks were analyzed for inter‐ and intra‐provincial movements, respectively. Approximately 200,000 movements occurred in 2017, involving the transport of 200 million live broilers from Guangxi. Although Guangxi exported to 24 out of 32 provinces of China, 95% of inter‐provincial movements occurred with three bordering provinces. Within Guangxi, counties were highly connected through the live broiler movements, creating conditions for rapid virus spreading throughout the province. Interestingly, a peak in movements during the Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, late January in 2017, was not observed in this study, likely due to H7N9‐related control measures constraining live bird trading. Both intra‐ and inter‐provincial movements in March 2017 were significantly higher than in other months of that year, suggesting that dramatic price changes may influence the movement's network and reshape the risk pathways. However, despite these variations, the same small proportion of counties (less than 20%) exporting/importing more than 90% of inter‐ and intra‐provincial movements remains the same throughout the year. Interventions, particularly surveillance and improving biosecurity, targeted to those counties are thus likely to be more effective for avian influenza risk mitigation than implemented indiscriminately. Additionally, simulations further demonstrated that targeting counties according to their degree or betweenness in the movement network would be the most efficient way to limit disease transmission via broiler movements. The study findings provide evidence to support the design of risk‐based control interventions for H7N9 and all other avian influenza viruses in broiler value chains in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the spatial distribution feature of mosquito vectors (vectors of Japanese B Encephalitis (JBE) and malaria) in the village house of Guangxi province, China. The Yuhuachang village, one key mosquito-borne disease surveillance site for mosquito-borne diseases of Guangxi province, was selected as the study site. Mosquito vectors abundance was firstly assessed by Chinese manufactured light-traps in twenty-five village houses in the study site. Then, 3S(GPS-RS-GIS) analysis was performed to do the environmental factors quantitative Analysis. Finally, spatial statistical analysis and generalized linear regression were applied to analyze the relationship of the spatial distribution of mosquito vectors with environmental factors, using SPSS and Geoda (095i). As the results showed, the distribution of both vectors was not spatially auto-correlated. Additionally, the number of pigsty and pig was positively correlated with the density of mosquito vector of JBE, and the area of mid-season rice was positively correlated with density of malaria vector. Thus, this study not only provides a field basis for the prevention of mosquito-borne disease as well as its vector in the study city but also provides useful guidance for the warning aide on JBE and malaria prevention in Guangxi province, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magmatic rocks, deformed structures, and tin–polymetallic deposits are widely distributed in the western Jiangnan Orogenic Belt (JOB) of northern Guangxi Province, China. Magmatism and mineralization are believed to have occurred in the Neoproterozoic stage. Herein, we report the zircon U–Pb dating results of investigations on the Ping'an Pb–Zn–Cu polymetallic veins hosted in gabbro near Ping'an Village. Zircon U–Pb dating of the host gabbro yielded ages of 853.0 ± 7.8, 837.7 ± 7.2, and 450.4 ± 6.7 Ma. The younger age represents the emplacement of gabbros, whereas the older Neoproterozoic age reflects inherited zircons from the wall rocks or source regions. The formation of gabbros (Caledonian) is related to the subduction and collisions of microplates in the western JOB, which are controlled by movements of the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates. We consider that the late Caledonian regional shearing in the western JOB resulted in the fracturing and faulting of rocks (Neoproterozoic and early Caledonian), which provided conduits for the flow of hydrothermal fluids and accommodation for the associated mineralization. Geochemistry investigations show that the Caledonian basic magmatic activity provided a certain material source for the final mineralization. We propose that the tin–polymetallic deposits in the northern Guangx Province, and Neoproterozoic cassiterite crystallization, were subjected to Caledonian shear crushing and hydrothermal transformation with copper, lead, zinc, and other metal elements based on our comprehensive analysis, providing a new ideology for understanding the geology and mineralization in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we describe a newly discovered basal ichthyosauromorph from the Lower Triassic of South China, Baisesaurus robustus gen. et sp. nov. The only known specimen of this new species was collected from the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) Luolou Formation in the Zhebao region of Baise City, on the northwest margin of the Nanpanjiang Basin, and comprises a partial skeleton including the ribs, the gastralia, a limb element, 12 centra, and seven neural arches. Comparisons to a wide variety of Early Triassic marine reptiles show Baisesaurus robustus to be a basal ichthyosauromorph based on the following features: neural arches lack transverse processes; dorsal ribs are slender, and not pachyostotic even proximally; and median gastral elements have long, sharp anterior processes. The limb element is long and robust, and is most likely to be a radius. Baisesaurus robustus is large (estimated length more than 3 m) relative to early ichthyosauromorphs previously discovered in China, and shares noteworthy morphological similarities with Utatsusaurus hataii, particularly with regard to body size and the morphology of the probable radius. Baisesaurus robustus also represents the first record of an Early Triassic ichthyosauromorph from Guangxi Autonomous Region, extending the known geographic distribution of ichthyosauromorphs in South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Danchi metallogenetic belt is a very important Non-ferrous base in China. According to the status of resource mining and theory research, this paper analyzed the geological conditions (i. e. stratum, tectonic evolution and magmatism), in order to supply the theory guidance for the prospecting in this district. The exposure strata consists of Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic and Quaternary, but Devonian is the key stratum, which there is a close relation with Sn–polymetallic deposits. This area, which experienced three tectonic evolution stages, is situated in the south margin of the Yangtze platform. Because of the affect of the tectonic evolution, it was characterized the special geological conditions and mineralization environment. The main magmatism occurred in the medium and late period of Yanshan, including biotite granite, granite porphyry, quartz diorite and white granite, in the pattern of dykes, rock strain, rock bed commonly. In the whole, the prospecting is rather favorable, in the deep or around of the known deposits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, the fluid inclusions study was performed on quartz, sphalerite and calcite from the Sn–polymetallic orebodies of the Dafulou deposit. On the basis of optical observations and microthermometric data, six types of fluid inclusions have been recognized, such as single-phase gaseous fluid inclusions, single-phase salt solution fluid inclusions, two-phase vapour-rich fluid inclusions, two-phase liquid-rich fluid inclusions, three-phase CO2-rich fluid inclusions, solid(s)-bearing fluid inclusions, etc. And it showed that water is the main component, for example the water content of quartz more than 1700μg/g, ranges from 1717 to 2320μg/g. The sphalerite has lower content than quartz, only 978μg/g. The calcite has lowest water content, i.e. 242μg/g and 324μg/g respectively. The gas component of inclusions mainly consists of CO2 and H2O. The main cationic consists of Ca2+, secondly Mg2+, K+ and Na+, only little Li+ and NH4+. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In the present paper, a new subgenus and two new species of the cave-dwelling genus Dongodytes Deuve, 1993 are described and illustrated: Dongodytes (Dongodytodes) deharvengi, subgen. and sp. nov. and Dongodytes baxian, sp. nov. from Du'an Xian, North Guangxi, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procleomenes medinai sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Guangxi (China) is described and illustrated. The genus Procleomenes Gressit & Rondon, 1970 in the world fauna is presented by twenty five species distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capitalist reforms usually drive outmigration of peasants to cities, while elders, children, and women responsible for their care are "left behind" in the countryside. The plight of these "left behind" populations is a major focus of recent agrarian studies in China. However, rural women are not merely passive victims of these transformations. Building on ethnographic research in Guangxi and Henan provinces from 2013 to 2017, and drawing on critical gender studies and feminist political ecology, I show how the food safety crisis in China creates conditions for peasant women to increase control and income from organic food production, often establishing alternative food networks with the support of female scholars and NGO organizers. Thus, I shift focus of scholarship on rural women from "left behind" to leaders in struggles for justice and food sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poorly known genus Lacunipotamon Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975, is studied and reviewed. Two new species, Lacunipotamon yuanshi sp. nov. and Lacunipotamon cymatile sp. nov. from Yunnan Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, respectively, are described based on morphology and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. Both superficially resemble Lacunipotamon albusorbitum Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975, the type and previously only known species in the genus, but can be distinguished by the combination of live colour, size, maxilliped III, male thoracic sternum, male pleon, male gonopod, and female gonopore characters. Phylogenetic analysis of the molecular data corroborates the novelty of the two species. Résumé: Le genre peu connu Lacunipotamon Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975, est étudié et revu. Deux nouvelles espèces Lacunipotamon yuanshi nov. sp. et Lacunipotamon cymatile nov. sp. respectivement de la province du Yunnan et de la région autonome Guangxi Zhuang, sont décrites sur la base de leur morphologie et des séquences de la sous-unité de l'oxydase du cytochrome c mitochondrial (COI). Les deux ressemblent approximativement à Lacunipotamon albusorbitum Dai, Song, He, Cao, Xu & Zhong, 1975, le type et la seule espèce du genre connue jusqu'alors, mais peuvent être distingués grâce à la combinaison de leur couleur sur le vivant, la taille, le maxillipède III, le sternum thoracique, le pléon, les gonopodes chez le mâle et les gonopores femelles. L'analyse phylogénétique des données moléculaires corrobore la nouveauté des deux espèces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daphniphyllum peltatum Yan Liu & T. Meng, a new species of Daphniphyllaceae from southwestern Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is mainly similar to D. calycinum Benth. in the shape of leaf blade, lunate anthers, elliptic drupes and the length of infructescence, but it can be easily distinguished by blue green branchlets, peltate leaves, obviously raised midvein and lateral veins on both surfaces. We also provide a key to all species of Daphniphyllum in China, and a table to distinguish the new species from D. calycinum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial returns of forest plantations are an important concern around the world. In this research, we focused on South China's timber investments, collected data from the Pingxiang, Guangxi Province, China, which is the demonstration zone of Fast-growing and High-yielding Timber Plantation Base Construction Program and National Timber Strategic Storage and Production Bases Construction Program, and used capital budgeting analysis method and sensitivity analysis to compare different scenarios of planted forest management. The results showed that excluding land costs, (1) the financial returns of Eucalyptus forest managed by small business were excellent, having an IRR of 28% per year and a LEV of $7555 per ha, but it had a high risk with fluctuations of cost, timber price and timber yield; (2) the results for the Experimental Center of Tropical Forests indicate that the Eucalyptus forest and Castanopsis hystrix forest returns were greater than those for Cunninghamia lanceolata forest and Pinus massoniana forest, with having IRRs of 24%, 21%, 13% and 10% per year respectively. The mixed planted forest of Castanopsis hystrix × Eucalyptus and Castanopsis hystrix × Pinus massoniana had the features of high profits and low risks; (3) the forest farmers had lower levels of returns for Eucalyptus forest management in South China, but were still in the middle rank of global comparisons. This study gave a view of China's timber investment and provided more options of improving the economic returns of planted forest management to both small businesses and forest farmers in South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the 280 species of Elatostema documented in China, 189 are known only from a single collection. Elatostema setulosum is one such species, having been known only from the type collection for nearly half a century, until recent field investigations in Guangxi. Due to its morphological similarity to E. huanjiangense and E. tetracephalum, we undertook a critical review of all three species using morphological and molecular evidence. Our results suggest that all three names refer to the same species, which based on priority should be known as Elatostema setulosum. We recognize E. huanjiangense and E. tetracephalum as synonyms. A distribution map of E. setulosum and the extinction risk according to the IUCN criteria is provided. After recircumscription, the taxon must be considered as Least Concern (LC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of Nemouridae of the genus Indonemoura Baumann, 1975, Indonemoura quadrata sp. n. and Indonemoura quadrispina sp. n., are described from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of southern China, on the basis of both sexes and larval stage. The affinities towards related species are discussed, together with generic characters of the larvae. Indonemoura scalprata (Li & Yang, 2007) is recorded from Guangxi for the first time, and its hitherto unknown female is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new species Reineckea flava J. Z. Dong (Liliaceae) is described and illustrated from Guangxi, China. It differs from R. carnea (Andrews) Kunth in having slanting rhizomes with short oblate internodes (shorter axis 4-6 mm × longer axis 8-14 mm), with thick and short adventitious roots at nodes, narrowly lanceolate leaves (5-10 mm broad), and yellow-orange fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertebrate assemblage from the Early Cretaceous non-marine Xinlong Formation of the Napai Basin, in the south-western part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (southern China), is reviewed. The assemblage includes chondrichthyans (at least six species of hybodont sharks including Hybodus, Thaiodus, Heteroptychodus and Acrorhizodus), actinopterygians (Halecomorphi and Ginglymodi), turtles (the adocid Shachemys and the carettochelyid Kizylkumemys), crocodilians (cf. Theriosuchus) and dinosaurs (the sauropods Fusuisaurus and Liubangosaurus, carcharodontosaurid and spinosaurid theropods, iguanodontians and a possible psittacosaurid). This assemblage shows many similarities to those from non-marine formations of the Khorat Group of north-eastern Thailand. It seems to be particularly close to that from the Khok Kruat Formation, considered as Aptian in age, as shown especially by sharks and turtles and by the presence of iguanodontians. An Aptian age is therefore proposed for the Xinlong Formation. A study of the stable oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of reptile apatite suggests that this part of South China experienced subtropical arid conditions during the deposition of the Xinlong Formation. In its composition, the vertebrate fauna from the Xinlong Formation seems to be more similar to coeval faunas from SE Asia than to assemblages from northern China (including the Jehol Biota). Although this may partly reflect different depositional and taphonomic environments (fluvial for the Xinlong Formation versus lacustrine for the Jehol Biota) it seems likely that, during Early Cretaceous time, southern China and SE Asia were part of a distinct zoogeographical province, different from that corresponding to northern China. This may be the result of both climatic differences (with relatively cool climates in northern China versus a subtropical climate in the south) and geographical barriers such as mountain chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new species of Epicephala Meyrick, 1880 are described based on specimens reared from fruits of Phyllanthus microcarpus (Benth.): Epicephala microcarpa sp. n. and E. laeviclada sp. n. from Guangxi and Hainan, and Epicephala tertiaria sp. n. from Guangdong and Guangxi. Photographs of adults and illustrations of genital structures are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new eyeless species,Oodinotrechus liyoubangin. sp, is described from northern Guangxi. All specimens of this interesting species were collected in three limestone caves in Mulun National Nature Reserve of northern Guangxi, southern China. It is the second species for the genusOodinotrechusUéno, 1998, distinguished from the type speciesO. kishimotoiUéno, 1998 by its visible scutellum and pronotal structure. Several additional diagnostic characters for the genus and a geographical distribution map for both known species are also provided. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F82E3C03-0A15-4410-B674-BC8EB95607CE [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Neoperla species (Neoperla mesospina, Neoperla latispina) are described from the adult male stage from the Jinhuacha Nature Reserve, Guangxi of China. The new species are compared with similar taxa Taxonomic remarks are also provided for N. transversprojecta Du & Sivec and N. yao Stark. The latter species is newly recorded for Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new nameTrogloniscusis established for the terrestrial isopod genusSinoniscusSchultz, 1995 (Styloniscidae), junior homonym of the fossil fishSinoniscusLiu and Wang, 1978. Four new species ofTrogloniscusfrom caves in Guangxi and Guizhou, southern China, are described:Trogloniscus hengliensis,Trogloniscus deharvengi,Trogloniscus clarkeiandTrogloniscus trilobatus. The first two species are terrestrial and the last two are aquatic, collected in freshwater pools. In the family Styloniscidae, only one species (Thailandoniscus annaeDalens, 1989) from southern Thailand was previously known to occur in subterranean waters. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5F0AD578-2814-41E3-82D0-EE838C5DD71C [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines an attempt to develop a new hospitality management program at the Guilin Institute of Tourism in China. Using a case study approach, the research explores the process of curriculum review and redesign and implementation of a new hotel management program. Two areas are identified for discussion based on empirical data collection and the perceived importance of and satisfaction with different attributes relating to teaching quality and the overall program. The views of two stakeholders are explored: students and faculty. The study concludes that Guilin Institute has made considerable improvements in program content and delivery methods and that evaluation of this kind can offer significant improvements and lead the way for developing hospitality education in China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including HCH, DDT, chlordane, endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate were analyzed in surface soil of the Dayan Cave to investigate their source and concentration levels in September 2006. Generally, the data showed that outside soil of the cave had much higher concentrations than inside soil for the most detected OCPs in the cave and both inside soil and outside soil showed much lower concentration levels (basically, the levels of OCPs were less than 0.7 ng/g) than those observed in other regions within and outside China other than TC (ranging from 3.22 to 5.00 ng/g) and CC (ranging from 3.89 to 5.08 ng/g) in the soil outside. The ratios of α-/ γ-HCH ranged from 0.88 to 1.20 in the soil of the cave, together with the averaged percentages of β-HCH and δ-HCH among the total HCH isomers (accounting for 39.0% and 14.2%, respectively), implied that a historical residue of local technical HCH contamination was likely to be dominant in the soil of the cave. Based on (1) the accordance of TC/CC ratios (ranging from 0.83 to 0.98) between the values observed in the outside soil and the potentially available chlordane products in the markets, and (2) the high concentrations of TC and CC observed in the outside soil, it appeared that the illegal usage of technical chlordane was done in Guilin. The low concentrations of TC (0.02 to 0.56 ng/g) and CC (0.10 to 1.71 ng/g) in the inside soil, together with the significant distinctions of TC/CC ratios between the inside soil (ranging from 0.03 to 0.33) and the outside soil, implied that the chlordane in the inside soil of the cave was a historical residue of local technical chlordane contamination. The similar ratios of DDT isomers ( o, p-DDT/ p, p-DDT and p, p-DDE+DDD/DDT) between the outside soil and the inside soil of the cave suggested that they may have the similar DDT source. The ratios of p, p-DDE+DDD/DDT (ranging from 3 to 8) indicated that DDT was relatively aged. The values of o, p-DDT/ p, p-DDT ratios (ranging from 3 to 7.5 with a mean value of 5.45) were found to be much higher than that of technical DDT, and very similar to that of dicofol products, implied that the primary source of DDT in the soil of the cave was most probably from dicofol-type DDT products. The low concentration levels of endosulfan and the higher levels of metabolite endosulfan sulfate indicated that the residue from historical usage of technical endosulfan was likely to be dominant in the soil of the cave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst rocky desertification is a progressive process of land degradation in karst regions in which soil is severely, or completely, eroded. This process may be caused by natural factors, such as geological structure, and population pressure leading to poor ecosystem health and lagging economic development. Karst rocky desertification is therefore a significant obstacle to sustainable development in southwest China. We applied a radial basis function network model to assess the risk of karst rocky desertification in northwest Guangxi, a typical karst region located in southwest China. Factors known to influence karst rocky desertification were evaluated using remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques to classify the 23 counties in the study area from low to extreme risk of karst rocky desertification. Counties with extreme or strong karst rocky desertification risk (43.48%, nearly half of the study area) were clustered in the north, central and southeast portions of the study area. Counties with low karst rocky desertification (30.43%) were located in the west, northeast and southwest of the study area. The spatial distribution of karst rocky desertification was moderately correlated to population density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the characteristics and economic effects of small tourism businesses in the context of pro-poor tourism development. The sample came from a survey in rural Guangxi, China. A large majority of the businesses were micro in scale, newly established, and run by couples. Business-owners had a low level of educational attainment, but had rich relevant work experience. The economic contribution of the business to the owner and the owner's family was substantial and well recognized. Implications were drawn for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To determine the HIV-1 seroprevalence, risk behaviors and demographic characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection among injection drug users (IDU) in rural Guangxi, China. Design and setting Between July and November 2002, 702 IDU were screened for HIV-1 antibody through community outreach in rural Guangxi, China for enrollment in an HIV sero-incidence study. Participants A total of 702 active high-risk IDU were screened. High-risk injection was defined as anyone who reported injecting drugs at least three times per week in the last month or injected drugs with shared equipment on at least three occasions in the last 3 months. Measurements HIV-1 antibody testing with confirmation by Western blot was performed on all subjects. Demographic and risk assessment survey data were collected at screening from everyone whose baseline HIV antibody status was known. Findings HIV-1 antibody prevalence among 702 IDU at baseline was 25% with a median age of 26.7 years (18.2–43.2). Based on a multivariate logistic regression model using risk factors identified in univariate analyses, the following risk factors were associated significantly with an increase in risk for HIV seropositivity: age > 26 years (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.04, 2.17), sharing of rinse water (OR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.09, 1.40), not having sex in the last 6 months (OR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.08, 2.43). Conclusions HIV infection among IDU in Guangxi, one of China’s major HIV epidemic regions, is high and the infection occurs predominantly among older IDU males who share rinse water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]