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Abstract: Although abundant natural gases have been discovered in Carboniferous and Ordovician reservoirs in the Tazhong area, central Tarim basin, their genetic origins is still an open question because of significant variations in chemical and carbon isotopic compositions. In the present study, three samples representing the possible gas sources were pyrolyzed using sealed gold tubes to investigate their gas potentials, and chemical and carbon isotopic signatures. The samples were a crude oil, a low maturity kerogen and a high maturity kerogen. The results show that the chemical and isotopic compositions of gaseous pyrolysates from the three samples are quite different. Generally, the gases from oil cracking are compositionally wetter and isotopically lighter than those from kerogen cracking at similar thermal levels. The large quantities of methane experimentally observed in oil cracking gases are mainly associated with the re-cracking of wet gases at very high maturity levels. Methane in gases derived from kerogen, especially high maturity kerogen, in contrary, is mainly generated by the demethylation reaction. The diagrams of δ 13C1 vs. δ 13C2–δ 13C3 and C2/C3 vs. δ 13C2–δ 13C3, along with natural gas plots, have proven to be a very effective tool in the genetic interpretation of natural gases from kerogen and oil cracking in the Tarim basin. Their combined application shows that two types of gas source can be identified in the Tazhong area. The first type is oil cracking gas, mainly discovered in Carboniferous reservoirs of the central fault horst area, but also partly in Ordovician reservoirs, such as in the wells TZ45, TZ44b and TZ 16. The other is kerogen cracking gas occurring largely in Ordovician reservoirs, especially in the North Slope area. The two types of gases, however, are mixed in many reservoirs as their generation is overlapped in time and/or space. This mixing process is especially obvious for methane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]