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Effective land use contributes to sustainable urban development. However, there are various reports suggesting that urban land resources used mismatch to different extents in many Chinese cities. This study measures the degree of the mismatch phenomenon in utilizing urban land resources from a supply–demand perspective, and a mismatching coefficient, namely land resource mismatch (LRM), is adopted as the measurement. The data used for the empirical analysis are from a sample of 35 cities in China. The empirical study shows the effectiveness of employing the mismatching coefficient LRM model in evaluating the degree of the mismatch phenomenon in utilizing urban land resources. The research findings suggest the following: (1) Overall, the mismatch phenomenon in utilizing urban land resources is significant in China in the form of either supply shortage or over-supply. (2) The degree of the mismatch phenomenon is different between different types of land, with the land for administration and public services showing more serious mismatching and the land for commercial and business facilities showing less mismatching. (3) There are significant differences both in the type and the degree of land use mismatch among different cities, which are contributed largely by the intensity of local government's controlling and planning role on land resources and the maturity of applying market mechanisms. The results from this study can inform the government of the importance and necessity of adopting effective policy measures for mitigating the mismatch phenomenon in utilizing urban land resources. The research method applied in this study can be applied in a larger context internationally for understanding the effectiveness of utilizing urban land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land expropriation frequently occurs during the rapid urbanization process in China. The manner in which land-lost farmers are settled has been a great concern for the government and the academe. However, it appears that few studies, if not none, have investigated the conspicuous consumption behavior of land-lost farmers. This deficiency limited the effectiveness of the current policies for resettling land-lost farmers in the new urbanization process in China. To mitigate this deficiency, this research identified key factors affecting the conspicuous consumption behavior of land-lost farmers. Three hypotheses were postulated based on theoretical studies and practical observations in Zhejiang Province. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the significance of these factors on conspicuous consumption behavior. This research found that the personal values of land-lost farmers and the utilitarian influence of reference groups have significant positive effects on their conspicuous consumption behavior and that the social identity of land-lost farmers has a significant negative effect on their conspicuous consumption behavior. The findings can facilitate local governments to create appropriate policies in order to reduce conspicuous consumption behavior. Thus, the social resources that contributed to the resettlement of these land-lost farmers can be effectively utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid urbanization and industry development, China has witnessed substantial land acquisition. Monetary compensation is usually adopted to settle down land-lost farmers. However, in this manner of compensation, land-lost farmers find settling down in cities and achieving civilization difficult. Promoting entrepreneurship has been suggested to be a sustainable approach to settle down land-lost farmers. However, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of land expropriation on land-lost farmers' entrepreneurial action. Therefore, how to effectively promote entrepreneurship among land-lost farmers remains unknown. To mitigate this deficiency, this study examines the effect of land expropriation on land-lost farmers' entrepreneurial action through the case of Zhejiang Province in China. Regression is used to examine the effect of land location, amount of compensation, and entrepreneurship policy on land-lost farmers' entrepreneurial action. Land location has a significant positive role, whereas amount of compensation has a significant negative role in initiating land-lost farmers’ entrepreneurship. The results of this study can facilitate the local government to make appropriate policies to promote entrepreneurship among land-lost farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has experienced considerable economic growth since 1978, which was accompanied by unprecedented growth in urbanization and, more recently, by associated rising urban housing and land banking issues. One such issue is that of land hoarding – where real estate developers purchase land to hold unused in the rising market for a future lucrative sale, often several years later. This practice is outlawed in China, where land use is controlled by increasingly strengthened Government policies and inspectors. Despite this, land hoarding continues apace, with the main culprits being the developers and inspectors working subversively. This resembles a game between two players – the inspector and the developer – which provides the setting for this paper in developing an evolutionary game theory model to provide insights into dealing with the dilemmas faced by the players. The logic and dilemma of land banking strategy and illegal land banking issues are analysed, along with the land inspector's role from a game theory perspective by determining the replication dynamic mechanism and evolutionary stable strategies under the various conditions that the players face. The major factors influencing the actions of land inspectors, on the other hand, are the costs of inspection, no matter if it is strict or indolent, conflict costs, and income and penalties from corruption. From this, it is shown that, when the net loss for corruption (income from corruption minus the penalties for corruption and cost of strict inspections) is less than the cost of strict inspections, the final evolutionary stable strategy of the inspectors is to carry out indolent inspections. Then, whether penalising developers for hoarding is severe or not, the evolutionary strategy for the developer is to hoard. The implications for land use control mechanisms and associated developer-inspector actions and counteractions are then examined in the light of the model's properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Human resources have become a key issue in relation to the strong competition between service firms. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between high-performance human resource management (HRM) within this field to firm performance, making a useful attempt to explore the "black box" of enterprise human resources management effect on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach -- In order to validate the relationship between high-performance HRM and firm performance, Chinese service industry samples were collected. Structural equation modeling and regression are adopted to estimate the direct effect of high-performance HRM on firm performance and the mediating role of innovation. Findings -- The results show that the impacts of high-performance HRM on firm performance are significant. Moreover, innovation plays a partial mediating role between them. Training, work analysis and employee participation has a significantly positive impact on firm performance, while effects of profit sharing, employee development and performance evaluation on enterprise performance is not significant. The results strongly support the hypothesis that innovation holds intermediary variables between high-performance HRM and firm performance. Practical implications -- Studying the relationship between high-performance HRM and firm performance can help Chinese enterprises more reasonable and effective learning foreign advanced management ideas and methods. And then can help Chinese enterprises to establish a high-performance HRM system that is suitable for Chinese enterprises; the research can help enterprises to identify meaningful practice of human resources management, outstanding keys, and perfect the HRM system of enterprises; research on innovation and innovative thinking is conducive to develop employees' innovation motive, promote employee' innovative behavior, and improve firm performance. Originality/value -- This paper takes innovation as a mediating variable into the model and studies the intermediary role of innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real estate industry is one of the fast growing industries in many developing countries such as China and India. The Chinese real estate industry has gone through many reforms from offering housing as part of its social welfare system, to the current capitalist model based on demand and supply. Due to these reforms and the shortage of lands for development in China's urban cities, many Chinese property firms have resorted to land banking in order to secure land property for future developments. However, in China, land speculation is considered illegal, while failure to purchase the suitable land for future developments will hinder the real estate developers’ future business and growth. The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision making model for property developments in their land banking decisions and strategies. The paper employed mathematical modeling and Monte Carlo simulation to examine our decision model, and further validated our results by conducting the simulation by using China Vanke Co. Ltd as a case study. This study is one of the first few studies that develop a decision model for land banking in China. It also helps real estate enterprises to make rational and dynamic decision in the current dynamic property market. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Urbanisation is the key to China's modernisation. Extensive urban village redevelopment projects (UVRPs) have recently been implemented in China, with the expectation of generating positive socioeconomic and environmental effects. However, social instability has resulted from conflicts over land and informal settlements. In this study, we investigate the factors influencing conflict levels during the UVRP process. Based on data collected from 439 projects in seven Chinese cities, ordered logit regression reveals that UVRPs with a top-down rather than a bottom-up institutional arrangement are more likely to have violent conflicts. Projects implemented with a bottom-up and villager-funded approach involve lower levels of conflict than those with a bottom-up and private developer-funded approach. Other determinants, including factors related to policies, time, and space along with project specificity, also influence the conflict level during the redevelopment process. These empirical results can inform government approaches to policymaking, thus enabling more positive outcomes for both governments and affected villagers. • Social conflicts go with redevelopments of urban villages in mainland China. • Factors affecting the level of conflict are explored. • Data were collected from 439 projects in 7 Chinese cities. • Institutional arrangements matter in the determination of conflict levels. • A bottom-up villager-funding approach is more socially acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts in land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) in China frequently occur because of rapid urbanization and economic development. These conflicts require judicial decisions by law courts at various hierarchical levels. However, few studies examine the regular pattern of relevant judicial decisions to improve the resolution of conflicts related to LAR in China. The current study aims to identify the regular pattern of jurisdiction in the field of LAR in Zhejiang Province by examining 901 administrative litigation cases. Docking and blocking net, through which determines whether a judge supports plaintiffs in a nomological basis, is used to investigate these cases. Statistical analysis of jurisdictions, defendants, and causes of action was conducted in the study. Results indicate that jurisdictions, executive positioning of respondents, and causes of lawsuits are key issues that affect the judgment of the docking–blocking net. Results reveal that the temporal-hierarchical level of jurisdiction is negatively correlated with the plaintiffs' winning rate. The docking and blocking mechanism system of high-level courts within a jurisdiction likely provides adverse referees to plaintiffs. The executive positioning of respondents also affects judicial results. The plaintiffs’ winning rate deviates depending on the causes of lawsuits. Plaintiffs and defendants use the three factors to further their own interests as much as possible through affecting the final judicial decisions of the docking–blocking net. This study seeks to improve the legitimacy of executive action, thereby reducing the judicial costs of executive acts. The study contributes to the prevention of existing administrative and judicial conflicts of LAR by clarifying the weak points of administrative departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CH 4 emissions and yield in a double-rice system were estimated by DAYCENT and DNDC. • DAYCENT and DNDC efficiently simulated daily CH 4 emission pattern and grain yield. • Algorithms should be improved to simulate tillage practice in both models. • Tillage in the winter fallow season balance low CH 4 emission and maintain yield. Methane (CH 4) is an important greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and one of its major sources is rice cultivation. The main aim of this paper was to compare two well-established biogeochemical models, namely Daily Century (DAYCENT) and DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) for estimating CH 4 emissions and grain yields for a double-rice cropping system with tillage practice and/or stubble incorporation in the winter fallow season in Southern China. Both models were calibrated and validated using field measured data from November 2008 to November 2014. The calibrated models performed effectively in estimating the daily CH 4 emission pattern (correlation coefficient, r = 0.58–0.63, p < 0.001), but model efficiency (EF) values were higher in stubble incorporation treatments, with and without winter tillage (treatments S and WS) (EF = 0.22–0.28) than that in winter tillage without stubble incorporation treatment (W) (EF = −0.06–0.08). We recommend that algorithms for the impacts of tillage practice on CH 4 emission should be improved for both models. DAYCENT and DNDC also estimated rice yields for all treatments without a significant bias. Our results showed that tillage practice in the winter fallow season (treatments WS and W) significantly decreased annual CH 4 emissions, by 13–37 % (p < 0.05) for measured values, 15–20 % (p < 0.05) for DAYCENT-simulated values, and 12–32 % (p < 0.05) for DNDC-simulated values, respectively, compared to no-till practice (treatments S), but had no significant impact on grain yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is necessary for sustainable social and economic development. This is particularly so with global energy shortages, the continuous deterioration of ecosystems and the environment, as well as the world population explosion. This article qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the effects and problems of Chinese favorable land price policy on photovoltaics. In examining the favorable land price policy in China, this study develops a multiple-linear regression model to study the effects of favorable land price policy on photovoltaic power and photovoltaic industry. Data used in this research was mainly collected from 20 provinces in China. It is found that the development of PV in China has been greatly affected by the favorable land price policy. In the end, it is highly recommended that favorable land price policy should be continued for renewable energy. Systemic deficiencies can be overcome through continual reform and innovation of mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The main aim of this study is to examine the factors that affect Chinese consumers’ intention to adopt 3G. This study has extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by incorporating the determinants of perceived usefulness, cost, trust, and demographic profiles of Chinese consumers. Data is collected from Chinese consumers via self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the research model proposed. Our result showed that social influence, service quality and perceived ease of use have a direct and significant relationship with perceived usefulness of 3G, and this in turn affects the consumers’ decision to adopt 3G. Contrary to existing TAM research, perceived ease of use was not found to have a direct and significant influence with Chinese consumers’ intention to adopt 3G. Our study also revealed that those with higher educational level are more likely to adopt 3G. Based on the findings, this research is able to propose several practical recommendations to 3G providers in China, such as enhancing the variety of services provided through collaborations with mobile software and content developers. Furthermore, 3G providers can focus on promoting 3G through services such as “Friends and Family” packages as Chinese consumers’ 3G adoption decisions is influenced by their social network. In terms of theoretical contributions, this study has answered many calls from past researchers to investigate the determinants of perceived usefulness. This research was also conducted in China, which is one of the largest telecommunication markets in the world. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]