41 results on '"Jiang, Lu"'
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2. Four new species of Agraphydrus Régimbart, 1903 with additional faunastic record from China (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)
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Yang, Zhenming, Jia, Fenglong, Jiang, Lu, Guo, Qiang, and Pensoft Publishers
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Acidocerinae ,Agraphydrus ,China ,Hydrophilidae ,new species ,Oriental region - Published
- 2021
3. China’s Agro-Development Cooperation with Africa: The Agribusiness Model
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Jiang, Lu, Chen, Zhimin, Series Editor, Jing, Yijia, Series Editor, and Jiang, Lu
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- 2020
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4. Tracing the Root of China’s Contemporary Agro-Development Cooperation with Africa: A Historical Review
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Jiang, Lu, Chen, Zhimin, Series Editor, Jing, Yijia, Series Editor, and Jiang, Lu
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- 2020
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5. Introduction
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Jiang, Lu, Chen, Zhimin, Series Editor, Jing, Yijia, Series Editor, and Jiang, Lu
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- 2020
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6. Difference Between Medical and Nonmedical Students on Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Towards the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in China: a Cross-Sectional Study
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Liu, Yingnan, Jiang, Xingyuan, Xu, Lingyi, Di, Na, Jiang, Lu, and Tao, Xia
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- 2021
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7. Public-Private Partnership: Toward More Effective International Development Cooperation
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Jiang Lu and Wu Zetao
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international development cooperation (idc) ,public-private partnership (ppp) ,china ,development package ,development finance ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
In the 21st century, the traditional model of official development assistance (ODA) promoted by developed countries is faced with many challenges. One of them is the emergence of the “public-private partnership (PPP)” model for international development cooperation (IDC), which has become increasingly popular among developed countries and international organizations over the past decade. This article explores the origin, meaning, and mechanism of the PPP model, and discusses the major obstacles it encounters in practice. The article also compares PPP with China’s “development package” model, and puts forward some policy recommendations on China’s participation in IDC. Although China is a pioneer in carrying out public-private cooperation in international development, it needs to fully reflect on its experience, so as to formulate clearer guiding principles and management rules on public-private cooperation. It is also imperative for the country to set up relevant institutions and mechanisms to promote PPP practices.
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- 2019
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8. Culture distance and foreign equity ownership in international joint ventures : Evidence from China
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Chen, Qiangbing, Liu, Yali, and Jiang, Lu
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- 2010
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9. FDI and the change of the Chinese culture
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Jiang, Lu, Chen, Qiangbing, and Liu, Yali
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- 2010
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10. Regional characteristics of cadmium intake in adult residents from the 4th and 5th Chinese Total Diet Study
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Yang Liu, Kylie Fei Dong, Jiang Lu, and Gexin Xiao
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Adult ,Male ,China ,Adult male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Food Contamination ,010501 environmental sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Food group ,Human health ,Environmental health ,Vegetables ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cadmium ,Chinese population ,Diet study ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Food safety ,Pollution ,Diet ,chemistry ,Edible Grain ,business - Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal known to be harmful to human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the regional characteristics of dietary Cd intake of adult male residents in different regions of China. The value of this research is to guide regional consumers to minimize Cd intake by adjusting diets for different food categories in various regions. Dietary Cd intake data is used from the 4th and 5th Chinese Total Diet Studies (CTDS). The 4th CTDS collected data from 12 provinces, covering about 50% of the Chinese population. The 5th CTDS collected data from 20 provinces, covering about 67% of the Chinese population. Over 200 kinds of foods were sampled and divided into 13 categories and organized by geographic information system (GIS) mapping. The results showed that firstly, the dietary Cd intake of Chinese residents has increased; secondly, the food groups with the highest Cd intake were cereals and vegetables; and thirdly, the main food group of dietary Cd intake in different regions is presented such as cereals in Sichuan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian, and Guangxi and vegetables in Shanghai, Ningxia, and Heilongjiang. Lastly, the food product with the highest dietary Cd intake concentration was found to be nori in 5 provinces. The other notable foods, with Cd intake, included peanuts, rice, squid, cuttlefish, and mushrooms.
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- 2019
11. Public-Private Partnership: Toward More Effective International Development Cooperation
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Wu Zetao and Jiang Lu
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Economic growth ,Sociology and Political Science ,public-private partnership (ppp) ,development package ,lcsh:International relations ,Public–private partnership ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,development finance ,international development cooperation (idc) ,China ,International development ,china ,Developed country ,lcsh:JZ2-6530 - Abstract
In the 21st century, the traditional model of official development assistance (ODA) promoted by developed countries is faced with many challenges. One of them is the emergence of the “public-private partnership (PPP)” model for international development cooperation (IDC), which has become increasingly popular among developed countries and international organizations over the past decade. This article explores the origin, meaning, and mechanism of the PPP model, and discusses the major obstacles it encounters in practice. The article also compares PPP with China’s “development package” model, and puts forward some policy recommendations on China’s participation in IDC. Although China is a pioneer in carrying out public-private cooperation in international development, it needs to fully reflect on its experience, so as to formulate clearer guiding principles and management rules on public-private cooperation. It is also imperative for the country to set up relevant institutions and mechanisms to promote PPP practices.
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- 2019
12. Assessment of Use and Fit of Face Masks Among Individuals in Public During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China
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Pengxu Kong, Hongmei Zhou, Honglin Song, Bin Wen, Chengye Sun, Qiuzhe Guo, Xi Li, Yi Sun, Jiang Lu, Run-Di Deng, Lin Wang, Xiangbin Pan, Lin Duo, Luoxi Xiao, and Yang Wang
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Adult ,Male ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,China ,Fit test ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,N95 Respirators ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Population ,Dentistry ,Young Adult ,Medicine ,Humans ,Cotton Fiber ,education ,Disposable Equipment ,Original Investigation ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Research ,Masks ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Face masks ,Online Only ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Public Health ,Prevention control ,business - Abstract
Key Points Question What proportion of people in public places are wearing face masks without proper airtight seals, what factors are associated with face mask protection efficacy, and can they be improved? Findings This cross-sectional study, including 6003 participants wearing face masks in public places, found that face mask airtightness was commonly suboptimal, mostly secondary to gaps at the upper face mask edge. Using simple and tolerable approach of sealing the upper face mask edge with an adhesive tape was associated with significant improvement of face mask airtightness. Meaning These findings suggest that compromised protection due to suboptimal face mask airtightness was common, and use of adhesive tape to seal the upper edge was associated with easily and quickly improving the airtightness of existing masks., This cross-sectional study examines the proportion of people using face masks improperly in public and the factors associated with increasing face mask airtightness., Importance Face masks are recommended to prevent transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, there is scarce evidence on their protection efficacy and ways to improve it. Objective To determine the proportion of improper face mask use, the factors associated with face mask protection efficacy, and ways to improve efficacy. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in China from July to August 2020 in 5 kinds of public places. Participants included convenience samples of individuals wearing face masks and able to taste the check solution. Exposures Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, including sex, age, and education level; information on face mask model and the worn duration was recorded. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome as airtightness, assessed by detecting face-to-face mask gaps, movement of cotton fiber placed at the face mask edges, and using a qualitative fit test with a bitter solution spray. Masks were further assessed for whether sealing the upper face mask edge with an adhesive tape strip was associated with improved face mask airtightness. Results Among 6003 face mask wearers enrolled, the mean (SD) age of participants was 31.1 (13.7) years, and 3047 participants (50.8%) were female. The first qualitative fit test found air leakage in 2754 participants (45.9%; 95% CI, 44.6%-47.1%), which was mostly attributable to gaps at the upper face mask edge. After sealing the upper face mask edge with an adhesive tape strip, 69.7% (95% CI, 68.0%-71.5%) of masks that had exhibited leakage became airtight in the second qualitative fit test, and the rate of airtightness reached 96.2% (95% CI, 95.4%-96.8%) in a third qualitative fit test after new surgical face masks with tape on the upper edge were provided to those who had not converted initially. The tape was well tolerated; overall, 6 participants (1.2%) reported a rash and 24 participants (5.8%) reported significant discomfort. Conclusions and Relevance In this study of face mask fit among participants in China, although most people used face masks in public places, compromised protection due to suboptimal airtightness was common. The simple approach of sealing the upper edge of the face mask with an adhesive tape strip was associated with substantially improved its airtightness.
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- 2021
13. Analysis of microbial community diversity of muscadine grape skins
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Huang Yu, Jiang Lu, Dayun Sun, Junjie Qu, and Yin Ling
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China ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Firmicutes ,Microbiota ,fungi ,Planctomycetes ,Verrucomicrobia ,food and beverages ,Bacteroidetes ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,Actinobacteria ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Ascomycota ,Botany ,Vitis ,Proteobacteria ,Bacterial phyla ,Food Science ,Acidobacteria - Abstract
Microorganisms in grape skins play vital roles in grapevine health, productivity, wine quality and organoleptic properties. To investigate microbial diversity of muscadine grape skins, 16S and ITS sequences of 30 samples from six muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) cultivars grown in Guangxi, China, were sequenced using Illumina Novaseq platform. A total of 7,317 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 1,611 fungal OTUs were obtained, and clustered into 38 bacterial and 7 known fungal phyla. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, and Patescibacteria, and the dominant genera were Lelliottia, Prevotella_9, Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Rahnella, and Acinetobacter. For fungi, the dominant phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, and the dominant genera were Acaromyces, Uwebraunia, Penicillium, Zygosporium, Ilyonectria, Aspergillus, Neodevriesia, Strelitziana, Mortierella, and Fusarium. Alpha diversity analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test demonstrated that microbial diversity and composition were affected by the cultivar. The Pearson correlation analysis of species revealed complex interactions among microbes. PICRUSt2 predicted that the metabolism of carbohydrates, cofactors, vitamins, amino acids, terpenoids, polyketides, lipids and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites were abundant. These results contribute to understanding the uniqueness of muscadine grapes and the links among microorganisms in grape skins.
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- 2021
14. Evaluation system and case study for carbon emission of villages in Yangtze River Delta region of China
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Jiang Lu, Jian Ge, and Xiaoyu Luo
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Delta ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Landform ,020209 energy ,Strategy and Management ,Carbon sink ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,chemistry ,Environmental protection ,Greenhouse gas ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Yangtze river ,Per capita ,Environmental science ,China ,Carbon ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Using data on carbon emissions and carbon sinks in the villages of the Yangtze River Delta region of China, this research utilised the management function of grassroots government and selected four factors of these villages’ carbon emissions: natural ecology, economic industry, residential development and infrastructure. Then, a carbon-emissions inventory of these villages was conducted, collecting data on the emissions-activity levels and emissions factors. Finally, a method of evaluating the villages’ carbon emissions was developed. Meanwhile, four types of landforms (mountains, hills, plains and islands) and eight villages with different industry types in the Yangtze River Delta region were selected for the case study and evaluation of carbon emissions. These villages’ carbon emissions had a range of 1.302–3.296 t per capita, except for Xinligang, which had the highest emissions, at 36.206 t per capita. The mountain villages had the highest carbon sinks (0.7–1.89 t per capita), while the sinks of villages in other landforms were much lower (0–0.43 t per capita). Based on the evaluation results, the villages’ carbon emissions were divided into four types. The villages’ characteristics were analysed according to the different types of carbon emissions, and then optimisation suggestions to reduce emissions and increase sinks were proposed. The study results can support low-carbon planning and development for villages in the Yangtze River Delta region.
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- 2017
15. Comparison of non-anthocyanin polyphenol accumulation in the berry skins of muscadine and European grapes during ripening in China
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Jiang Lu, Yin Ling, Yali Zhang, Zheng Wei, Shiren Song, Junjie Qu, Huang Yu, and Guo Wenfeng
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Hydroxybenzoic acid ,China ,Flavonols ,Biophysics ,Berry ,Biology ,Veraison ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Ellagic Acid ,Phenols ,Vitis ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Flavonoids ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Polyphenols ,Ripening ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Biology ,040401 food science ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Polyphenol ,Anthocyanin ,Fruit ,Food Science ,Ellagic acid - Abstract
The non-anthocyanin polyphenol accumulation in the berry skins of muscadine grapes from South China during ripening was investigated, in comparison to European grapes, for two consecutive years, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 121 components were tentatively identified, consisting of 48 ellagic acids and precursors (EP), 38 flavonols, 20 hydroxybenzoic acids, 6 hydroxycinnamic acids, 5 flavan-3-ols, and 4 stilbenes. EP (mostly ellagic acid derivatives) and flavonols (mainly isorhamnetin and quercetin derivatives) were, respectively, accumulated abundantly in the muscadine and European grape skins. Additionally, their variation had considerable differences during berry maturation. EP in muscadine cv. "Noble" skins showed a small decrease before veraison and a slight increase post-veraison, yet the flavonols significantly increased as berry maturation in European skins, with a few exceptions. This is the interactional result between genotype and environmental factors, which obviously influences the polyphenol composition and concentration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Muscadine grapes, indigenous to the southeast of United States, have been introduced to South China in recent years. These grapes have unique polyphenol composition that differs from non-muscadine grapes. Their polyphenol properties have been studied extensively in many but there are a few studies in our knowledge about the variation of these compounds at different berry developmental stages. This article evaluates the accumulation of non-anthocyanin polyphenols in muscadine skins during berry maturation, in comparison to European grapes. The findings exhibit the polyphenol characteristics of these grapes cultivated in new locations across South China, and make further efforts to increase breeding quality and agronomic production, through improving preharvest treatments and agronomic performance during berry developmental stages, that lead to a high increase of polyphenol.
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- 2018
16. Dynamic evolution and driving forces of ecological security in the Traditional Industrial Area of northeastern China
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逯承鹏 Lu Chengpeng, 任婉侠 Ren Wanxia, 姜璐 Jiang Lu, 唐呈瑞 Tang Chengrui, 杨青 Yang Qing, and 薛冰 Xue Bing
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Geography ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Industrial area ,Environmental resource management ,Ecological security ,business ,China ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2017
17. ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY USE IN RURAL AREAS IN HOT SUMMER AND COLD WINTER REGION OF CHINA
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Jiang Lu, Jian Ge, Xiao Yu Luo, and Min Yan Lu
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Residential environment ,Geography ,Environmental protection ,General Engineering ,Cold winter ,Rural area ,China - Published
- 2014
18. Age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function among elderly men and women in Shanghai, China: a cross sectional study
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Hui-Jing, Bai, Jian-Qin, Sun, Min, Chen, Dan-Feng, Xu, Hua, Xie, Zhuo-Wei, Yu, Zhi-Jun, Bao, Jie, Chen, Yi-Ru, Pan, Da-Jiang, Lu, and Sulin, Cheng
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Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Aging ,China ,Sarcopenia ,Hand Strength ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sex Factors ,Electric Impedance ,Humans ,Female ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Gait ,Aged - Abstract
To investigate the relationship of muscle mass and muscle function with age.The study including 415 participants (aged 60-99 years). Upper (UMM) and lower (LMM) limbs muscle mass and whole body fat free mass (FFM) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index (ASM/height2) was calculated. Muscle function was assessed by measuring hand grip strength (HGS) and gait speed.Using ASM index cutoff values we found that higher prevalence of sarcopenia in women than in men (33.5% vs 23.6%, p=0.025). In the upper limb, HGS (β=-0.809) declined more rapidly with age than did UMM (β=-0.592) in men, but not in women (β=-0.389 and β=-0.486 respectively). In the lower limb, gait speed declined more rapidly than LMM in both men (β=-0.683 vs β=-0.442) and women (β=-1.00 vs β=-0.461). The variance of UMM explained 28-29% of the variance of HGS, and LMM explained 7-8% of the variance of gait speed in women and men respectively. In addition to the common predictors (BMI and age), the specific predictors were smoking, exercise and education for FFM and ASM, and smoking, drinking and exercise for HGS (p0.05).Loss of muscle function is greater than the decline of muscle mass particularly in the upper limbs in men. However, women are more prone to have low muscle mass than the men. Exercise programs need to be designed gender specifically.目的:探讨与年龄相关的骨骼肌肌量与功能之间的关系。方法:本研究包括 415 名年龄在6099 岁之间的受试者。采用人体成分仪测量上肢和下肢骨骼肌 肌量、去脂组织。四肢骨骼肌肌量指数=四肢骨骼肌肌量/身高平方。采用握力 与步速评价骨骼肌功能。结果:老年男性、女性骨骼肌肌量低于切点值的比 例分别是( 23.6% vs 33.5% , p=0.025 ) 。老年男性随年龄的增加握力 (β=0.809)下降快于上肢骨骼肌肌量(β=-0.592),但在老年女性中不存在 同样的情况(β=0.389 和β=0.486)。在老年男性(β=0.683 vs β=0.442) 与女性(β=1.00 vs β=0.461)中,步速下降快于下肢骨骼肌肌量。老年男性 与女性上肢骨骼肌肌量与握力的决定系数是2829%,下肢骨骼肌肌量与步速 的决定系数是(78%)。除体重指数与年龄外,吸烟、运动和受教育情况与 四肢骨骼肌肌量、去脂组织相关。吸烟、饮酒与握力呈负相关(p0.05)。结 论:老年男性上肢骨骼肌功能下降快于骨骼肌肌量。然而,老年女性骨骼肌 肌量低于切点值的百分比大于男性。运动方案的制定需要考虑性别的因素。.
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- 2016
19. Phenolic Concentrations and Antioxidant Properties of Wines Made from North American Grapes Grown in China
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Jiang Lu, Huirong Li, Lei Zhu, Yali Zhang, and Jiajin Deng
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China ,phenolic concentration and composition ,Flavonols ,Ripeness in viticulture ,Aroma of wine ,Pharmaceutical Science ,antioxidant capacity ,Biology ,Antioxidants ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Anthocyanins ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phenols ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Gallic Acid ,Stilbenes ,Drug Discovery ,Hydroxybenzoates ,Vitis ,Gallic acid ,Food science ,Cultivar ,wine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Wine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Sweetness of wine ,Organic Chemistry ,North American grapes ,Europe ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,North America ,Molecular Medicine ,Introduced Species - Abstract
The characteristics of wine phenolics found in several North American and (for comparison) European grape cultivars grown in China were analyzed. This was done to find non-Vitis vinifera wines with prominent features in order to diversify the kinds of wines. The phenolic richness and antioxidant activity decreased in the order: red > rose > white wines. In the red wines, the American grape ‘Cynthiana’ had the highest total concentrations of phenols, anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids, as well as antioxidant capacity, followed by the French hybrid ‘Chambourcin’, the lowest were detected in two European grape varieties, ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, while the total flavon-3-ols levels were reversed among these red grape cultivars. The highest concentration of stilbenes out of all the wines analyzed was found in the ‘Merlot’ variety. There were significant differences among wine phenolic compositions between North American and European grape cultivars. The antioxidant activities were significantly related to the concentrations of total phenols (r2 = 0.996), anthocyanins (r2 = 0.984), flavonols (r2 = 0.850) and gallic acid (r2 = 0.797). The prominent features of wine aroma and nutrition could make the American grape wines attractive to consumers. It is therefore necessary to perform further research on cultural practices and wine making involving these grapes.
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- 2012
20. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a cavefish Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)
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Wansheng Jiang, Jun-Xing Yang, Qiong Shi, Shuang Yang, Jiang Lu, and Shiyang He
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0301 basic medicine ,Mitochondrial DNA ,China ,Cyprinidae ,Cavefish ,Mitochondrion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Open Reading Frames ,RNA, Transfer ,Cypriniformes ,Genetics ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Whole genome sequencing ,biology ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,Genes, rRNA ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Mitochondria ,030104 developmental biology ,Genome, Mitochondrial - Abstract
Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis is a special cavefish that lives in the Southwestern China with many specific regressive features, such as rudimentary eyes and scales, and loss of pigmentation. In this study, we performed sequencing and assembly of its complete mitochondrial genome. We confirmed that total length of the mitochondrion is 16 618 bp with an AT ratio of 55.4%. The complete mitochondrial genome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs and a 963 bp control region. Our current data provide important resources for the research of cavefish mitochondrial evolution and energy metabolism.
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- 2015
21. Over-expression of Neuroepithelial-transforming Protein 1 Confers Poor Prognosis of Patients with Gliomas
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Jiang Lu, Jianfang Fu, Ruirui Kang, Yanyang Tu, Tian Xiaoxi, Guoqiang Fu, Yizhan Cao, and Boliang Wang
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Male ,Oncology ,China ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bioinformatics ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Glioma ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Karnofsky Performance Status ,Survival analysis ,Oncogene Proteins ,biology ,Brain Neoplasms ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Survival Analysis ,Neuroepithelial cell ,Case-Control Studies ,Predictive value of tests ,Multivariate Analysis ,biology.protein ,Female ,Guanine nucleotide exchange factor ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Objective Neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 is a member of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor family, a group of proteins which are known to activate and thereby regulate Rho family members. Deregulation of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression has been found in certain types of human tumors. To investigate its prognostic value in human gliomas, which is currently unknown, we examined the correlation between neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression and prognosis in patients with gliomas. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression patterns in the biopsies from 96 patients with primary gliomas. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox's regression analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of patients. Results Immunohistochemical analysis with anti-neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 antibody revealed that neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 was significantly associated with the Karnofsky performance scale score and World Health Organization grades of patients with gliomas. Especially, the positive expression rates of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 were significantly higher in patients with higher grade (P = 0.001) and lower Karnofsky's performance scale score (P = 0.005). The median survival of patients with high neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 expression was significantly shorter than that with low expression and without expression (316, 892 and 1180 days, respectively). Cox's multifactor analysis showed that the Karnofsky performance scale (P = 0.01), World Health Organization grade (P = 0.008) and neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 (P = 0.006) were independent prognosis factors for human glioma. Conclusions Taken together, our study indicates for the first time that neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 status may be a highly sensitive marker for glioma prognosis and suggest that the expression patterns of neuroepithelial-transforming protein 1 might be a potent tool for predicting the clinical prognosis of glioma patients.
- Published
- 2010
22. 'There was no real information about China in South Africa': revisiting the history of the establishment of diplomatic relations between South Africa and China (1950s–1990s).
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Jiang, Lu and Shu, Zhan
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DIPLOMATIC & consular service - Abstract
The establishment of diplomatic relations between South Africa and China is an under-researched topic. Even less examined is the role of party-to-party relations between the African National Congress (ANC) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in the process of building relations between these two states, as well as that of the early contact between South Africa's National Party (NP) government and China. This research finds that the expectations of Pretoria and Beijing were largely incompatible in the early 1990s while no fundamental disagreement existed between South Africa and Taiwan at the time. The 'Mandela factor' and the general lack of knowledge about China in South Africa, furthermore, contributed to the prolonged process of building formal relations. In addition, the article also argues that the legacies of the early inter-party relations between the ANC and CPC, which played a role in South Africa's decision-making and opinion formation in the early 1990s, cannot be ignored, and helps to explain the delay in the establishment of diplomatic relations to 1998. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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23. GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS OF YOSHINOGARI FUN-KYU TOMB IN JAPAN AND TU-DUN TOMBS IN CHINA
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Daisuke Kai, Yutaka Hara, Katsutada Onitsuka, Jiang Lu, and Xiaowu Tang
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Laboratory test ,Geography ,China ,Archaeology - Published
- 2003
24. [Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in a Schima superba forest in Zhejiang Province of East China]
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Yan, Lü, Ze-Mei, Zheng, Mamuti, Meiliban, Jiang, Lu, and Xi-Hua, Wang
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Plant Leaves ,China ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Nitrogen ,Theaceae ,Phosphorus ,Forests ,Fertilizers - Abstract
In 2011, an investigation was made on the litterfall production and nutrient dynamics in a phosphorus-limited subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest dominated by Schima superba in Tiantong, Zhejiang Province of East China under different levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilization. After the N and P fertilization, the annual litterfall production ranged from 6.82 to 8.30 t x hm(-2) x a(-1), with three peaks in May or June, August, and October, respectively. Under fertilization, the annual average N and P concentrations of the litterfall (except the annual average N concentration under P fertilization) increased, and had a seasonal variation. There were no significant differences in the nitrogen return amount (60.05-71.47 kg x hm(-2) x a(-1)) and phosphorus return amount (2.94-3.93 kg x hm(-2) x a(-1)) of the litterfall among different treatments. As compared to the control, the N:P ratio of the litterfall under fertilization was higher at the beginning of the experiment (spring, 2011), but lower in the winter, 2011, indicating that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization could alter the original nitrogen and phosphorus limited conditions of the studied forest ecosystem.
- Published
- 2014
25. Effect of aerobic exercise and low carbohydrate diet on pre-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women and middle aged men - the role of gut microbiota composition
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Wu Yi Liu, Chang Xu, Petri Wiklund, Ren Wei Wang, Ronald Borra, Xin Fei Wen, Shu Mei Cheng, Xue Bo Chen, Xia Ming Du, Zheng Chang Xia, Da Jiang Lu, Jun Zou, Yi Min Zhang, Rui Li, Yan Qiu Chen, Satu Pekkala, Pei Jie Chen, Jun Jun Liu, Jia Xin Yao, Jian Qin Sun, Ru Wang, Jun Ge, Eveliina Munukka, Sulin Cheng, Qing Gu, Wen Bin Liu, Jie Ren, Xiao Tan, and Yang Liu
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Male ,Health Behavior ,PATHOGENESIS ,Physiology ,Gut flora ,law.invention ,Impaired glucose tolerance ,Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ,Study Protocol ,Randomized controlled trial ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,Glucose metabolism ,biology ,Microbiota ,Fatty liver ,Middle Aged ,Postmenopause ,Liver ,Research Design ,Metabonomics ,OBESITY ,Body Composition ,Female ,LIFE-STYLE ,Liver fat content ,Human ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gut microbiota ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,CHINA ,Prediabetic State ,IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,Exercise ,Life Style ,Aged ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,DIABETES-MELLITUS ,Feeding Behavior ,ADULTS ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Obesity ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Clinical setting ,MICE ,Endocrinology ,Lipid metabolism ,Dietary Supplements ,business - Abstract
Background Pre-diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with an unhealthy lifestyle and pose extremely high costs to the healthcare system. In this study, we aim to explore whether individualized aerobic exercise (AEx) and low carbohydrate diet (LCh) intervention affect hepatic fat content (HFC) in pre-diabetes via modification of gut microbiota composition and other post-interventional effects. Methods/design A 6-month randomized intervention with 6-month follow-up is conducted from January 2013 to December 2015. The target sample size for intervention is 200 postmenopausal women and middle-aged men aged 50–65 year-old with pre-diabetes and NAFLD. The qualified subjects are randomized into 4 groups with 50 subjects in each group: 1 = AEx, 2 = LCh, 3 = AEx + LCh, and 4 = control. In addition, two age-matched reference groups (5 = pre-diabetes without NAFLD (n = 50) and 6 = Healthy without pre-diabetes or NAFLD (n = 50)) are included. The exercise program consists of progressive and variable aerobic exercise (intensity of 60 to 75% of initial fitness level, 3–5 times/week and 30–60 min/time). The diet program includes dietary consultation plus supplementation with a special lunch meal (40% of total energy intake/day) which aims to reduce the amount of carbohydrate consumption (30%). The control and reference groups are advised to maintain their habitual habits during the intervention. The primary outcome measures are HFC, serum metabolomics and gut microbiota composition. The secondary outcome measures include body composition and cytokines. In addition, socio-psychological aspects, social support, physical activity and diet will be performed by means of questionnaire and interview. Discussion Specific individualized exercise and diet intervention in this study offers a more efficient approach for liver fat reduction and diabetes prevention via modification of gut microbiota composition. Besides, the study explores the importance of incorporating fitness assessment and exercise in the management of patients with pre-diabetes and fatty liver disorders. If our program is shown to be effective, it will open new strategies to combat these chronic diseases. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN42622771.
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- 2014
26. Innovative and Entrepreneurship Education in Underdeveloped Western Regions of China
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Chang-jiang Lu, Yan Feng, and De-wen Chen
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Economic growth ,Geography ,Entrepreneurship education ,Cultivation System ,Regional science ,China ,Nexus (standard) ,Curriculum - Abstract
This paper makes an analysis on the major problems for innovative and entrepreneurship education (IEE) in underdeveloped western regions of China, and outlines a set of implications for local governments and universities. The authors suggest that a more practical and flexible cultivation system rooted in regional contexts should be established for bringing a radical change to the backward IEE in western China. It is important to implement the “4C” concepts in IEE, namely cross-culture, cross-region, cross-discipline and cross-specialty through strengthening international cooperation and mutual regional support, integrating the IEE into the university curriculum, and building a four-dimensional nexus via partnerships between universities, industries, governments and families. While the paper is written mainly from the perspective of underdeveloped western regions of China, the discussion allows for generalization, and thus should be applicable to the development of IEE in other nations facing similar problems.
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- 2013
27. [Spatial distribution pattern of Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica population and its relationships with topographic factors in middle part of Tianshan Mountain]
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Yu-Tao, Zhang, Ji-Mei, Li, Shun-Li, Chang, Xiang, Li, and Jian-Jiang, Lu
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China ,Conservation of Natural Resources ,Plant Stems ,Altitude ,Picea ,Ecosystem - Abstract
By the method of point pattern analysis, this paper studied the spatial distribution patterns of different age class individuals in the Picea schrenkiana var. tianshanica forest in middle part of Tianshan Mountain and the influence of topographic factors on the distribution patterns. It was observed that the density of different age class individuals in the forest decreased with the increasing DBH of the individuals, and except old trees which presented a random distribution at the scale of 0-12 m, the saplings and the small, medium, and big trees were in aggregative distribution at all scales. With the increase of age class, the scale at which the individuals presented the highest aggregation degree increased, whereas the aggregation intensity declined. At small scale (0-16 m), different age class individuals appeared negative association, and the greater difference the tree age, the more significant the negative association presented. Altitude had significant positive effects on the number of medium, big, and old trees but had little effects on the number of saplings and small trees. Slope grade had significant positive effects on the number of saplings and small and medium trees, significant negative effects on the number of old trees, but little effects on the number of big trees. Concavo-convex had significant negative effects on the number of saplings and small and medium trees but had little effects on the number of big and old trees.
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- 2012
28. Therapeutic effect of RANTES-KDEL on inhibition of HIV-1 in CD34(+) human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC)
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Ye Zhang, Ying Zhang, Chunqiu Hao, Xin Wei, Yan Zhuang, Jiu-Cong Zhang, Song Zhai, Li Sun, Chang-Xing Huang, Yongtao Sun, Yan-Hong Li, Jiang Lu, Xiao-Li Qu, Xue-Fan Bai, Hong Jiang, Jian-Qi Lian, and Meijuan Peng
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Male ,Chemokine ,China ,KDEL ,Molecular Sequence Data ,CD34 ,HIV Core Protein p24 ,Antigens, CD34 ,Biology ,Endoplasmic Reticulum ,Viral vector ,Chemokine receptor ,Virology ,Humans ,Chemokine CCL5 ,Cells, Cultured ,Base Sequence ,Hematopoietic Stem Cells ,Molecular biology ,Haematopoiesis ,Protein Transport ,Cord blood ,CCR5 Receptor Antagonists ,biology.protein ,HIV-1 ,Stem cell ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
Cell surface receptors, such as the CCR5 chemokine receptors, represent key determinants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into target cells. The CC-chemokine, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), a ligand for CCR5, have been targeted to the lumen of endocytoplasmic reticulum (ER) using a KDEL (ER-retention signal) fusion termed RANTES–KDEL and this construct was found to prevent effectively transport of newly synthesized CCR5 to the cell surface. Lentiviral vectors have emerged as potent and versatile tools of gene transfer for basic and applied research are able to transduce nondividing cells and maintain sustained long-term expression of transgenes. For this reason, an HIV-based lentiviral vector expressing RANTES–KDEL, pLenti6/V5-R-K, was constructed and then cotransfected with the ViraPower™ Packaging Mix (pLP1, pLP2, and pLP/VSVG) into 293FT cells to produce a replication-incompetent lentivirus stock. The lentiviral stock was titrated using HeLa cells, and the expression of the gene of interest, RANTES, was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Based on the above results, the lentiviral stock was transduced into CD34 + human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) separated magnetically from the cord blood (the purity was 96.8% evaluated by flow cytometry). Finally, the levels of p24 in the cultures of pLenti6/V5-R-K-transduced CD34 + hHSC were detected after infection by HIV-1 DP1 (a R5-tropic HIV-1 strain, which was isolated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of China in Henan province in 2000 from a Chinese man who had asymptomatic HIV-1 infection with a history of blood transfusions). It was shown that pLenti6/V5-R-K transduction inhibited expression of the DP1 p24 antigen by 51%, 58% and 60% on the 4th, 7th and 10th day respectively ( P
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- 2008
29. [The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among residents aged 55 or over in Chengdu area]
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Chang-jian, Qiu, Mu-ni, Tang, Wei, Zhang, Hai-ying, Han, Jing, Dai, Jiang, Lu, Sai, Wu, Shuang-hong, Wang, Jian-min, Chen, Lin-jin, Guo, Yu-qiong, Ding, Sheng-xian, Li, and Xie-he, Liu
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Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,China ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Random Allocation ,Sex Factors ,Social Class ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Female ,Cognition Disorders ,Aged - Abstract
To study the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the urban and the rural areas in Chengdu, Southwest China.Residents aged 55 or over were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from 19 districts, cities, and counties of Chengdu area in Sichuan province. A two-stage survey was carried out. In the first stage, CMMSE, CES-D were used as screening instruments. In the second stage, Diagnostic questionnaires of dementia and CDR were used as diagnostic instruments. The diagnostic criteria of mild cognitive impairment adopted from Petersen's were: (1) memory complaint; (2) normal activities of daily living; (3) normal general cognitive function; (4) memory impairment incompatible with age; (5) not demented; (6) CDR = 0.5 and (7) exclusion of the reversible cognitive impairment caused by other factors (i.e. depression).Three thousand, nine hundred and ten subjects were examined. The prevalence rates of MCI was 2.4%. The MCI prevalence rates in the urban and the rural areas were 1.5%, 2.5% respectively, without significant difference. The MCI prevalence in males and females were 1.8%, 2.9% respectively. Prevalence rate in female was higher than in males with significant difference. Prevalence of illiteracy (4.0%) was the highest among different educational levels. The accumulated prevalence increased with age.The prevalence of MCI (2.4%) was slightly higher than the prevalence of AD (2.05%) in the same areas of Chengdu. MCI seemed to be a high risk factor for AD which should to be followed up. Early intervention in MCI might be helpful in the prevention of AD.
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- 2004
30. Geotechnical research on Jiangnan Tu-Dun tomb historical remains in China
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Jiang Lu and Katsutada Onitsuka
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China ,Geologic Sediments ,Soil ,Archaeology ,Compressive Strength ,Hardness ,Materials Testing ,General Engineering ,Geology ,Mummies ,Shear Strength ,Elasticity ,History, Ancient - Abstract
Geotechnical research on historical remains can provide new data and distinctive viewpoint for research on soil mechanics. Two Jiangnan Tu-Dun tombs historical remains were investigated by means of in situ and laboratory geotechnical tests. In the present paper the geotechnical properties of these man-made earthworks, especially ageing effect on consolidation and direct shear, and compaction properties of earth fill are discussed.
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- 2004
31. Application of a New Genetic Deafness Microarray for Detecting Mutations in the Deaf in China.
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Wu, Hong, Feng, Yong, Jiang, Lu, Pan, Qian, Liu, Yalan, Liu, Chang, He, Chufeng, Chen, Hongsheng, Liu, Xueming, Hu, Chang, Hu, Yiqiao, and Mei, Lingyun
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GENETIC disorders ,DNA microarrays ,GENETIC mutation ,DIAGNOSIS of deafness ,GENETICS of deafness - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the GoldenGate microarray as a diagnostic tool and to elucidate the contribution of the genes on this array to the development of both nonsyndromic and syndromic sensorineural hearing loss in China. Methods: We developed a microarray to detect 240 mutations underlying syndromic and nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss. The microarray was then used for analysis of 382 patients with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss (including 15 patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome), 21 patients with Waardenburg syndrome, and 60 unrelated controls. Subsequently, we analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of this new approach after Sanger sequencing-based verification, and also determined the contribution of the genes on this array to the development of distinct hearing disorders. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the microarray chip were 98.73% and 98.34%, respectively. Genetic defects were identified in 61.26% of the patients with nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing loss, and 9 causative genes were identified. The molecular etiology was confirmed in 19.05% and 46.67% of the patients with Waardenburg syndrome and enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome, respectively. Conclusion: Our new mutation-based microarray comprises an accurate and comprehensive genetic tool for the detection of sensorineural hearing loss. This microarray-based detection method could serve as a first-pass screening (before next-generation-sequencing screening) for deafness-causing mutations in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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32. Differential impacts of urbanization characteristics on city-level carbon emissions from passenger transport on road: Evidence from 360 cities in China.
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Su, Yongxian, Wu, Jianping, Ciais, Philippe, Zheng, Bo, Wang, Yilong, Chen, Xiuzhi, Li, Xueyan, Li, Yong, Wang, Yang, Wang, Changjian, Jiang, Lu, and Lafortezza, Raffaele
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CARBON emissions ,PASSENGER traffic ,POOR people ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,CHOICE of transportation ,CAPITAL cities - Abstract
Although it's well known that the carbon intensity from passenger transport of cities varies widely, few studies assessed the disparities of that in city-level and its underlying factors due to the limited availability of data, and thus developed effective strategies for different types of cities. This study is the first to present a comprehensive inventory of emissions from passenger transport on road for 360 cities in mainland China for 2018, based on the data from 5 transport modes and evaluated by combining distance-based and top-down fuel-based methods. In 2018, passenger transport on road in China emitted 1076 MtC. A large portion of CO 2 emissions was identified in the southern and eastern coastal areas and capital cities. GDP, population, and policy were the major factors determining the total CO 2 emissions, but not carbon intensity. Clustering analysis of carbon intensity and 9 socio-economic predictors, using a tree-based regression model, clustered the 360 cities into 6 groups and showed that higher carbon intensities occurred in both affluent city groups with a high active population share and less affluent city groups with a low population density but high density of trip destinations. Forward-and-backward stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that constructing a compact city is more effective for city groups with a high income and high active population share. Enhancing land-use mixed degree is more critical for city groups with a high income and low active population share, while shortening travel distance by intensifying infrastructure construction is more important for the less affluent city groups. • A new comprehensive inventory of China's city-level emissions from passenger transport on road is presented. • GDP, population, and policy were the major factors determining the total CO 2 emissions, but not carbon intensity. • The active population share and density of trip destinations have significant effect in carbon intensities. • The compactness, land-use mixed and travel distance contribute variously in different city groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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33. Culture distance and foreign equity ownership in international joint venturesEvidence from China.
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Chen, Qiangbing, Liu, Yali, and Jiang, Lu
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Purpose – The paper aims to study the impact of cultural differences on the ownership structure of international joint ventures in China. It is reasoned that foreign investors, when faced with larger culture-related investment uncertainties, may have the incentive to acquire more control rights to contain the risks by acquiring more equity shares in the joint ventures. Design/methodology/approach – Data on international joint ventures in China were used to test the theory. The data contain 941 observations from Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tianjing, covering a 13-year time span. Pooled ordinary least square is used in the model estimation. Findings – Cultural distance between China and foreign countries was found to increase the foreign equity share in the joint ventures, a finding contrary to traditional view. In addition, it was found that cultural distance in different dimensions does not play an equal role in affecting foreign equity shares. Last, there is significant evidence that the allocation of ownership between foreign and domestic investors in the joint ventures is influenced by the investor's relative importance in supplying different types of resources. Originality/value – The paper introduces a new perspective into the study of culture and international joint venture. Foreign investors may be able to reduce investment risk by increasing equity shares, which gives them more internal control, in international joint ventures. In contrast, the traditional view is that larger cultural distance tends to discourage foreign equity ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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34. Features, Driving Forces and Transition of the Household Energy Consumption in China: A Review.
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Jiang, Lu, Chen, Xingpeng, and Xue, Bing
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Household energy consumption has been a major contributor to the increase in global energy demand and carbon emission, and the household sector has also become one of the most crucial factors shaping the management of developments towards sustainability. However, there is still a knowledge gap regarding the household energy consumption in China. Due to the vast territory and the differences among regional conditions, it is critical to conduct a systemic review to illustrate the overall situation as well as the detailed mechanisms of the household energy consumption in China. By employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, two key features of the household energy consumption in China are presented; one is regarding the total amount and the structure of the household energy consumption, and the second is the significant urban-rural gap. The driving forces are investigated from the perspective of external determinants and internal determinants, which consist of seven key factors; finally, the transition roadmap towards the sustainable energy system for the household level are presented based on the text analysis from the four key policy documents. Weaknesses in the current research on the energy geography of household level also exist, such as the lack of single factor research and the lack of integration and comprehensive analysis. Therefore, future studies need to strengthen the research of regional household energy consumption structure, spatial-temporal process, and its motivation mechanism, and sustainable development of energy, so as to explore space-social structure of household energy consumption and spatial-temporal interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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35. Assessing the Economic-Environmental Efficiency of Energy Consumption and Spatial Patterns in China.
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Lu, Chenyu, Meng, Peng, Zhao, Xueyan, Jiang, Lu, Zhang, Zilong, and Xue, Bing
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The improvement of energy consumption efficiency represents a significant task and a critical step toward sustainable energy transformations. This study uses a data envelopment analysis (DEA) and spatial autocorrelation method to conduct comprehensive measurement and assessment research on the economic-environmental efficiency of energy consumption in 31 Chinese provinces. It then carries out a synthetic study on energy consumption efficiency in the context of temporal and spatial dimensions, analyzes the characteristics and patterns related to temporal and spatial evolution, and systematically summarizes the temporal and spatial evolution processes associated with China's economic-environmental efficiency in energy consumption. The results show that economic efficiency and environmental efficiency, both directly related to energy consumption, are positively correlated and display a parallel and synchronizing relationship. China's energy consumption efficiency displays an upward trend in general, although differences exist between economic efficiency and environmental efficiency about the growth rate and overall development level. In other words, economic efficiency is generally higher than environmental efficiency. A positive spatial correlation occurs between economic and environmental efficiency in energy consumption across all the Chinese provinces studied. Furthermore, some cluster characteristic can be identified. Accurately, the eastern coastal area of China with a higher efficiency represents a spatial cluster of high values, whereas the midwestern inland area of China with a lower efficiency represents a spatial cluster of low values. Therefore, a descending pattern is displayed from the east to the west. As time goes by, the extent of clustering could become more prominent, accompanied by an increasing spatial cluster of high values and a decreasing spatial cluster of low values. Accordingly, China needs to improve its energy consumption efficiency further and promote sustainable energy transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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36. The Sinocyclocheilus cavefish genome provides insights into cave adaptation
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Jieming Chen, Hui Yuan, Xiao-Fu Pan, Jia Li, Danqing Mao, Qiong Shi, You He, Xinxin You, Xiaoai Wang, Huanming Yang, Shiyang He, Pao Xu, Wansheng Jiang, Jian Wang, Junmin Xu, Hui Yu, Ying Sun, Lan-Ping Zheng, Zhiqiang Ruan, Jintu Wang, Ma Xingyu, Chao Bian, Yaolei Zhang, Jun-Xing Yang, Guangyi Fan, Xiaoli Chen, Chao Peng, Tony Whitten, Zhengfeng Xu, Yong Liu, Ying Qiu, Le Cheng, Xun Xu, Dongming Fang, Jie Bai, Xinhui Zhang, Jiang Lu, He Zhang, Jun Wang, Xiao-Yong Chen, and Yongsi Wang
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0301 basic medicine ,Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ,Physiology ,Population Dynamics ,Cavefish ,Plant Science ,Eye ,Genome ,Hearing ,Structural Biology ,Phylogeny ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) ,Ecology ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Biological Evolution ,Caves ,Taste ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Research Article ,Biotechnology ,Sinocyclocheilus ,China ,Evolution ,Pseudogene ,Population ,Cyprinidae ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phylogenetics ,Animals ,Adaptation ,education ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Evolutionary biology ,Mutation ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Background An emerging cavefish model, the cyprinid genus Sinocyclocheilus, is endemic to the massive southwestern karst area adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. In order to understand whether orogeny influenced the evolution of these species, and how genomes change under isolation, especially in subterranean habitats, we performed whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses of three species in this genus, S. grahami, S. rhinocerous and S. anshuiensis. These species are surface-dwelling, semi-cave-dwelling and cave-restricted, respectively. Results The assembled genome sizes of S. grahami, S. rhinocerous and S. anshuiensis are 1.75 Gb, 1.73 Gb and 1.68 Gb, respectively. Divergence time and population history analyses of these species reveal that their speciation and population dynamics are correlated with the different stages of uplifting of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We carried out comparative analyses of these genomes and found that many genetic changes, such as gene loss (e.g. opsin genes), pseudogenes (e.g. crystallin genes), mutations (e.g. melanogenesis-related genes), deletions (e.g. scale-related genes) and down-regulation (e.g. circadian rhythm pathway genes), are possibly associated with the regressive features (such as eye degeneration, albinism, rudimentary scales and lack of circadian rhythms), and that some gene expansion (e.g. taste-related transcription factor gene) may point to the constructive features (such as enhanced taste buds) which evolved in these cave fishes. Conclusion As the first report on cavefish genomes among distinct species in Sinocyclocheilus, our work provides not only insights into genetic mechanisms of cave adaptation, but also represents a fundamental resource for a better understanding of cavefish biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0223-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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37. The ‘Ironclad friendship’ of China-Cambodia, lays the first step in the foundation of early diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic congenital heart Defects- A multi-national screening and intervention project, 2017–2020
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Honglin Song, Xi Li, Jiang Lu, Junjie Song, Teng Wang, Min Gao, Xingyi Zhang, Min Ma, Yi Shi, Jiayu Fang, Hongchen Fu, Huadan Wang, Lin Duo, Mingjing Tang, and Linhong Pang
- Subjects
Congenital heart disease ,Prevalence ,China ,Cambodia ,Asymptomatic ,Children ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality in childhood worldwide. However, a large number of children with CHD are not diagnosed promptly in low- and middle-income regions, due to limited healthcare resources and lack the ability of prenatal and postnatal ultrasound examinations. The research on asymptomatic CHD in the community is still blank, resulting in a large number of children with asymptomatic CHD can not be found and treated in time. Through the China-Cambodia collaborative health care initiative, the project team conducted research, screened children’s CHD through a sampling survey in China and Cambodia, collected relevant data, and retrospectively analyzed the data of all eligible patients. Objectives The project aimed to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic CHD in a sample population of 3-18years old and effects on their growth status and treatment outcomes. Methods We examined the prevalence of ‘asymptomatic CHD’ among 3-18years old children and adolescents at the township/county levels in the two participating. A total of eight provinces in China and five provinces in Cambodia were analyzed from 2017 to 2020. During 1 year follow-up after treatment, the differences in heights and weights of the treated and control groups were evaluated. Results Among the 3,068,075 participants screened from 2017 to 2020, 3967 patients with asymptomatic CHD requiring treatment were identified [0.130%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.126 -0.134%]. The prevalence rate of CHD ranged from 0.02 to 0.88%, and was negatively related to local per capita GDP (p = 0.028). The average height of 3310 treated CHD patients were 2.23% (95% CI: -2.51%~-1.9%) lower than that of the standard group and the average weight was − 6.41% (95% CI: -7.17%~-5.65%) lower, the developmental gap widening with advancing age. One year after treatment, the relative height difference remained comparable while that, in weight was reduced by 5.68% (95% CI: 4.27% ~7.09%). Conclusions Asymptomatic CHD now is often overlooked and is an emerging public health challenge. Early detection and treatment are essential to lower the potential burden of heart diseases in children and adolescents.
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- 2023
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38. Survey on the households' energy-saving behaviors and influencing factors in the rural loess hilly region of China.
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Zhao, Xueyan, Cheng, Huanhuan, Zhao, Haili, Jiang, Lu, and Xue, Bing
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HOUSEHOLD surveys , *ENERGY conservation , *FAMILY size , *CLEAN energy , *RURAL electrification , *SUBSIDIES - Abstract
Farmers and their energy saving behaviors make significant sense for long-run sustainability and enacting effective energy policies, particularly in the fragile eco-environment and non-developed rural area. This study investigates the rural household energy-saving behaviors and influencing factors in the loess hilly region of China by taking Qin'an county in Gansu province based on a total of 506 households by adopting the participatory farmer assessment method. Most peasant families pay close attention energy conservation in their daily lives. Most farmer households (88.74%) were conscious of energy saving in their daily lives, and consider energy saving as a self-acting behavior (68.58%) and good habit (87.94%); electricity is the main clean energy for farmers; the price of energy-saving products is the key factor for farmers, and the female and the younger householders have better performance in energy conservation. Farmers' energy-saving behaviors are negatively correlated with the altitude of their dwellings but positively correlated with the education level of householders, family size, income. We argue that continuous training on energy saving is necessary and should be tailored to local conditions and supported by the government. • A rural household survey of 506 households was conducted in the loess hilly region of China. • Female, younger, and higher education level shows positive impacts on energy saving. • Energy-saving behaviors positively correlated with income, health conditions, environmental concerns, and energy availability and prices. • The training efforts for promoting energy saving of rural households should be enhanced. • We argue that government subsidies should integrate into the promotion of energy-saving products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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39. Evaluation of GHG emissions from the production of magnesia refractory raw materials in Dashiqiao, China.
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Ren, Wanxia, Xue, Bing, Lu, Chengpeng, Zhang, Zilong, Zhang, Yunsong, and Jiang, Lu
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GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *MAGNESIA brick , *RAW materials , *SUSTAINABLE development , *GLOBAL warming - Abstract
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the industrial sector are rapidly increasing in China. As the largest producer of magnesia-refractory raw materials in the world, the production of magnesia-refractory raw materials in Dashiqiao city causes severe environmental problems, such as greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution and high energy consumption. As Dashiqiao's pillar industry, the production of magnesia refractory raw materials has become a serious obstacle to its sustainable development. At present, most studies are mainly focused on the greenhouse gas emissions from magnesium production and the emissions from magnesia refractory raw material production have not been thoroughly investigated. This research addresses this important information gap. This study focuses on the carbon emissions from the production of five kinds of magnesia refractory raw material products. The results demonstrate that the estimated greenhouse gas emissions are 2.7 t CO 2 eq/t of caustic calcined magnesia, 3.1 t CO 2 eq/t of general dead-burned magnesia, 4.7 t CO 2 eq/t of middle grade dead-burned magnesia, 4.7 t CO 2 eq/t of single-phase process fused magnesia, and 7.8 t CO 2 eq/t of two-phase process fused magnesia. In 2014, the five production chains of the main magnesia refractory raw materials in Dashiqiao released 13.76 million t GHGs, in which the single-phase process fused magnesia accounted for 24%, while the caustic calcined magnesia and the middle grade dead-burned magnesia for 23% and 23%, respectively. As one of the most important magnesia producer and supplier, the magnesia related industry in Dashiqiao has emitted large amounts of GHGs during the past 90 years, resulting in a significant contribution to global warming potential and negative impacts on urban sustainable development. Therefore, the city needs the magnesia industry to make structural adjustments and technical improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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40. What factors affect the public acceptance of new energy vehicles in underdeveloped regions? A case study of Gansu Province, China.
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Wang, Rong, Zhao, Xueyan, Wang, Weijun, and Jiang, Lu
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STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *PUBLIC opinion , *CARBON emissions , *AIR quality , *PETROLEUM products - Abstract
New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) exert great potential in reducing carbon emissions, improving air quality and reducing the dependence on petroleum products, and are also essential in realizing the social transformation toward a low-carbon society. Since public are the principal users and stakeholders of NEVs, it's vital to understand their acceptance of NEVs and discuss the influencing factors of public acceptance, so as to promote the development of NEVs. Based on the survey data of Gansu Province, this paper analyzes the public perception and acceptance of NEVs in underdeveloped regions, and explores main factors affecting their acceptance by adopting Structural Equation Model. The results show that the public acceptance of NEVs is relatively higher, with only 51.99% residents are willing to accept NEVs. And there are differences of public acceptance of NEVs among different groups. The acceptance of females, young and less educated public are relatively higher, decreases with aging and increases with education attainment. Perceived risk and perceived cost are significantly negative correlated with public acceptance of NEVs, while subjective norm and the quality of NEVs positively correlated with public acceptance. In addition, support policy is significantly positively correlated with perceived cost while perceived cost is positively corelated with perceived risk. Finally, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions on improving the public acceptance of NEVs in underdeveloped regions. • We conducted the NEVs acceptance of 1356 residents in Chinese underdeveloped regions. • 51.99% of the public in underdeveloped regions of China were willing to accept NEVs. • Perceived risk, perceived cost, and NEVs' quality are the key influencing factors. • Support policy, knowledge have significant indirect impact on acceptance of NEVs. • Enhancing subsidies and supporting facilities were effective ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Targeted poverty alleviation through photovoltaic-based intervention: Rhetoric and reality in Qinghai, China.
- Author
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Liao, Chuan, Fei, Ding, Huang, Qingxu, Jiang, Lu, and Shi, Peijun
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POVERTY reduction , *RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) , *RURAL population , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *SOLAR energy - Abstract
• We evaluate the implementation and potential impact of solar energy-based poverty reduction program in Qinghai, China. • PV stations, precisely planned to fulfill 'targeted' intervention, were aggregated into larger PV farms in implementation. • It is challenging to precisely target the poor, improve income, facilitate energy transition, and enhance local capacity. • Future energy-based development needs to sufficiently consider local contexts and promote local engagement. In 2014, China initiated a nationwide poverty reduction campaign through deploying photovoltaic (PV) systems in its vast rural areas, which aims to support over 2 million households. Despite the significant socioeconomic benefits anticipated by policy-makers, it remains unclear regarding the challenges of implementing such an ambitious program in remote rural areas and its effect on poverty reduction. Focusing on Qinghai, a province that serves as the testbed for solar energy development in China but suffers chronic poverty, we aim to assess implementation status of the program, and examine whether and how solar energy-based development affects rural household well-being and generates socioeconomic spillovers. Using data from multiple sources, including household survey, interviews, policy documents, and large-scale socioeconomic covariates, as well as advanced statistical and spatial analyses, we find there have been substantial adjustments to the plan of building small-scale PV stations across poor villages throughout Qinghai. While total installation capacity was met, the 97 planned PV stations in 39 counties were aggregated into 24 medium- to large-scale PV farms in 27 counties. We also find substantial challenges to precisely target the poor, improve their income, facilitate a transition in household use of energy, and enhance local capacity for economic development. Future PV-based intervention programs need to sufficiently consider local contexts and demands, and promote local engagement to achieve the twin goals of sustainable energy transition and poverty reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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