33 results on '"Song, Jing"'
Search Results
2. Case series and literature review of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 in Chinese patients
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Wu, Jiayu, Song, Jing, He, Yanzhao, Zhong, Cheng, Yang, Qin, Li, Qiu, and Wang, Mo
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- 2023
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3. Role of ecological approaches to eliminating schistosomiasis in Eryuan County evaluated by system modelling
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Dong, Yi, Du, Chun-Hong, Zhang, Yun, Wang, Li-Fang, Song, Jing, Wu, Ming-Shou, Yang, Wen-Can, Lv, Shan, and Zhou, Xiao-Nong
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- 2018
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4. Staying connected with ICT tools: tracking youth respondents in a Chinese context
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Song, Jing, Lai, Gina, Wong, Odalia, and Feng, Xiaotian
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- 2018
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5. Empowered in Business or Penalised in Marriage: Experiences of Single Female Entrepreneurs in China.
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Song, Jing and Li, Lulu
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BUSINESSWOMEN ,SINGLE women ,SELF-efficacy ,YOUNG women ,FAMILY roles ,FAMILY-work relationship - Abstract
In China, entrepreneurship remains a non-traditional career for women, but little is known about how young single women may opt for entrepreneurship against the social penalty. This study focuses on single female entrepreneurs and finds them being stigmatised as doing inappropriate jobs and (consequently) staying single. The interviewees responded differently, by (1) coordinating their career and family formation plans to make them compatible, (2) justifying their being single based on their entrepreneurial achievements and (3) compensating for their deviance and using their economic capability to fulfil other family roles. In contrast to the 'androcentric' business model based on carefree agents, female entrepreneurs illustrate different forms of agency to accommodate career aspirations and family duties. Given China's market-oriented reforms, persisting gender beliefs and the socialist legacy, this study illustrates women's fluid and interactive agency in response to the gendered penalty in non-traditional careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Sodium Reduction in Restaurant Food: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.
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Du, Wenwen, Zhang, Puhong, Zhang, Jiguo, Li, Yuan, He, Feng J., Zhang, Xiaofan, Su, Chang, Jia, Xiaofang, Li, Li, Song, Jing, Zhang, Bing, and Wang, Huijun
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Restaurant food is one of the important sources of sodium intake in China. We aimed to determine whether a restaurant-based comprehensive intervention program may induce lower sodium content in restaurant food. A randomized controlled trial was implemented between 2019 and 2020 in 192 restaurants in China. After baseline assessment, the restaurants were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group (1:1). Comprehensive activities designed for intervention restaurants were conducted for one year. The primary outcome was the difference in change of sodium content estimated by the mean values of five best-selling dishes for each restaurant, from baseline to the end of the trial between groups. In total, 66 control restaurants and 80 intervention restaurants completed the follow-up assessment. The average sodium content of dishes at baseline was 540.9 ± 176.8 mg/100 g in control and 551.9 ± 149.0 mg/100 g in intervention restaurants. The mean effect of intervention after adjusting for confounding factors was −43.63 mg/100 g (95% CI: from −92.94 to 5.66, p = 0.08), representing an 8% reduction in sodium content. The restaurant-based intervention led to a modest but not significant reduction in the sodium content of restaurant food. There is great urgency for implementing effective and sustainable salt reduction programs, due to the rapid increase in the consumption of restaurant food in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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7. A Town-Level Comprehensive Intervention Study to Reduce Salt Intake in China: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Liu, Min, Xu, Jianwei, Li, Yuan, He, Feng J, Zhang, Puhong, Song, Jing, Gao, Yifu, Yan, Shichun, Yan, Wei, Jin, Donghui, Chang, Xiaoyu, Xu, Zhihua, Bai, Yamin, Ji, Ning, and Wu, Jing
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We determined whether a town-level comprehensive intervention program could lower the salt intake of a population. The parallel, cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out between October 2018 and January 2020 in 48 towns from 12 counties across 6 provinces in China. All participants were asked to complete the 24 h urine collections, anthropometric measurements and questionnaires at the baseline and one-year post-intervention survey. A total of 2693 participants aged 18 to 75 years were recruited at the baseline. A total of 1347 individuals in 24 towns were allocated to the intervention group and the others were allocated to the control group. Valid information from 2335 respondents was collected in the follow-up survey. The 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 189.7 mmol/24 h for the intervention group and 196.1 mmol/24 h for the control group at baseline. At a one-year follow-up, the mean effect of salt intake did not show a significant change (p = 0.31) in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, the mean result of potassium excretion in the intervention group increased by 2.18 mmol/24 h (85.03 mg/24 h) (p = 0.004) and systolic blood pressure decreased by 2.95 mmHg (p < 0.001). The salt-related knowledge and attitude toward salt reduction improved significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05). A longer period of intervention and follow-up assessment might be needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the program on salt reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. [Production and quality control of original herbal materials of Danhong Injection]
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Hao, Li-Jun, Liang, Ai-Hua, Fan, Cong-Zhao, and Song, Jing-Yuan
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Quality Control ,China ,Humans ,Medicine, Chinese Traditional ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of death for residents in China. Danhong Injection(DHI) decoction piece is prepared from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, with the function of promoting the blood circulation, removing the blood stasis, relaxing the sinews and dredging the collaterals. In recent years, about 100 million bottles of DHI have been sold. Consequently, its safety and effectiveness are very important to a large number of patients. Raw materials are the source and foundation for production of traditional Chinese medicine injections. In this article, we reviewed the identification of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, resource distribution, cultivation, quality control, and detection of xenobiotic pollutants, in order to guide the production of high-quality, stable, and pollution-free raw materials. This will be a benefit in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of DHI and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions from the raw materials. By comparing the similarities and differences between the quality standards of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Carthami Flos and DHI, we provided some comments for improving the quality standards and post-marketing reevaluation of DHI, and provided some theoretical supports for the production of high-quality herbal raw materials.
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- 2020
9. Symptom Cluster of ICU Nurses Treating COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in Wuhan, China
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Gu Zejuan, Tang Yifan, Song Jing, Liao Peihung, Gao Chunhong, Wang Rong, Li Zhenyu, and Liu Ying
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Adult ,Male ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Care ,Nausea ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Population ,Clinical Neurology ,Nurses ,Somatic symptom disorder ,Critical Care Nursing ,Logistic regression ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ,Risk Factors ,law ,Occupational Exposure ,Internal medicine ,Critical care nursing ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cities ,education ,Pandemics ,General Nursing ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,Occupational Diseases ,Intensive Care Units ,Medically Unexplained Symptoms ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Coronavirus Infections ,business - Abstract
Background In treating highly infectious coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses face a high risk of developing somatic symptom disorder (SSD).The symptom clusters in one population may show overlaps and involvements, a phenomenon that should be deliberately resolved to improve the management efficiency. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the symptoms and causes of SSD of ICU nurses treating COVID-19 pneumonia. The research results are expected to provide evidence for the establishment of a better management strategy. Methods This study enrolled a total of 140 ICU nurses who were selected by Jiangsu Province Hospital to work in Wuhan (the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China) on February 3, 2020. A questionnaire, Somatic symptom disorders for ICU nurses in Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, was designed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to cluster the symptoms and logistic regression analysis to find the risk factors of the symptoms. Results Five major symptoms were chest discomfort and palpitation (31.4%), dyspnea (30.7%), nausea (21.4%), headache (19.3%), and dizziness (17.9%). In exploratory factor analysis, the symptoms were classified into three clusters: Cluster A of breathing and sleep disturbances (dizziness, sleepiness, and dyspnea); Cluster B of gastrointestinal complaints and pain (nausea and headache), and Cluster C of general symptoms (xerostomia, fatigue, as well as chest discomfort and palpitation). In Cluster A, urine/feces splash, sex, and sputum splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster B, fall of protective glasses and urine/feces splash were independent predictive factors. In Cluster C, urine/feces splash and urine/feces clearance were independent predictive factors. Conclusion The ICU nurses in Wuhan showed varying and overlapping SSDs. These SSDs could be classified into three symptom clusters. Based on the characteristics of their SSDs, specific interventions could be implemented to safeguard the health of ICU nurses.
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- 2020
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10. Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19
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Song, Jing-Chun, Wang, Gang, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Yang, Li, Wei-Qin, Zhou, Zhou, People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine, and Chinese Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
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medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Consensus ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Coagulation dysfunction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Betacoronavirus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diagnosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Intensive care medicine ,Pandemics ,Cause of death ,Aged ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Severe ,lcsh:Military Science ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Mortality rate ,lcsh:U ,COVID-19 ,Anticoagulants ,General Medicine ,Blood Coagulation Disorders ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Position article and Guidelines ,Thrombosis ,Treatment ,Coagulation ,Supportive psychotherapy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Hemostasis ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Coronavirus Infections - Abstract
Since December 2019, a novel type of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan led to an outbreak throughout China and the rest of the world. To date, there have been more than 1,260,000 COVID-19 patients, with a mortality rate of approximately 5.44%. Studies have shown that coagulation dysfunction is a major cause of death in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine and Chinese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis grouped experts from the frontline of the Wuhan epidemic to come together and develop an expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction associated with a severe COVID-19 infection. This consensus includes an overview of COVID-19-related coagulation dysfunction, tests for coagulation, anticoagulation therapy, replacement therapy, supportive therapy and prevention. The consensus produced 18 recommendations which are being used to guide clinical work.
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- 2020
11. Distribution patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls in soils collected from Zhejiang province, east China
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Gao, Jun, Luo, Yongming, Li, Qingbo, Zhang, Haibo, Wu, Longhua, Song, Jing, Qian, Wei, Christie, Peter, and Chen, Shengming
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- 2006
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12. Cerebralcare Granule® combined with nimodipine improves cognitive impairment in bilateral carotid artery occlusion rats by reducing lipocalin-2
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Yi Zhang, Xia Li, Wenyuan Gao, Song-song Jing, Juan Wang, Ou Qiao, Wenzhe Wang, Changxiao Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Xiaoying Han, Haixia Ji, and Shuli Man
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Male ,China ,Water maze ,Lipocalin ,Pharmacology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Lipocalin-2 ,Occlusion ,medicine ,Animals ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Maze Learning ,Vascular dementia ,Nimodipine ,business.industry ,Dementia, Vascular ,General Medicine ,Neurovascular bundle ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Carotid Arteries ,Neuroprotective Agents ,business ,Perfusion ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aims Clinically, Cerebralcare Granule® (CG) has been widely utilized to treat various types of headache, chronic cerebral insufficiency and other diseases, and the effect is significant. Clinical studies have shown that CG can significantly relieve vascular dementia (VaD), however, the molecular mechanisms haven't been established. To clear the therapeutic mechanisms of CG against VaD, a hypothesis was proposed that CG could treat neurovascular injury by inhibiting the production of lipocalin-2 (LCN 2). Main methods 90 dementia rats were selected by water maze test and randomly divided into 6 groups, including nimodipine (NM), CG L (low dose) (0.314 g kg−1), CG H (high dose) (0.628 g kg−1), and combined group (CG + NM). And in vitro neuronal cell OGD modeling to evaluate the effect of CG on JAK2/STAT3. Key findings CG could significantly shorten the escape latency of two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) rats, increase their exploratory behavior, alleviate the symptoms of VaD and improve the ultrastructural pathological damage of neurovascular unit and accelerate the recovery of cerebral blood perfusion. CG combined with NM is better than NM alone. It was further showed that CG could inhibit the pathogenicity of LCN 2 through JAK2/STAT3 pathway and suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines. It plays a role in the protection of cerebral microvasculature and BBB in 2-VO rats. Significance Taken together, there data has supported notion that CG can protect the integrity of cerebral blood vessels and BBB and improve cognitive impairment through mainly inhibiting LCN 2, which provides scientific evidence for clinical application.
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- 2021
13. [Capability building and professional staff of schistosomiasis control institutions in Yunnan Province: a cross-sectional survey]
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Song, Jing, Zhang, Yun, Wang, Li-Fang, and Dong, Yi
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Adult ,China ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Workforce ,Humans ,Schistosomiasis ,Cities - Abstract
To understand the current status of professional staff and capacity building among schistosomiasis control institutions in Yunnan Province, the data pertaining to the current status of professional staff and capacity building were captured from the schistosomiasis control institutions at all levels in Yunnan Province. There were 20 schistosomiasis control institutions at a level of above county in Yunnan Province, with 411 employees, and there were 11 institutions with an independent legal personality, with a mean building area of 69.83 m[
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- 2019
14. [Construction and operation of schistosomiasis diagnosis reference (network) laboratory in Yunnan Province]
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Du, Chun-Hong, Zhang, Yun, Wu, Ming-Shou, Feng, Xi-Guang, Shen, Mei-Fen, Chen, Chun-Qiong, Song, Jing, Wang, Li-Fang, Sun, Jia-Yu, Yan, Jia-Qi, Xiong, Meng-Tao, Jiang, Hua, and Dong, Yi
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China ,Humans ,Schistosomiasis ,Laboratories - Abstract
A three-level (provincial, municipal and county levels) schistosomiasis diagnosis network platform had been created in Yunnan Province, and assessment of laboratory quality-control samples and field evaluation of nucleic acid diagnostic techniques and immunodiagnostic reagents had been performed. This paper described the review process of the schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory and the operation of schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory and analyzed the problems of the schistosomiasis diagnosis network laboratory in Yunnan Province. The establishment of the schistosomiasis diagnosis reference (network) laboratory will provide a strong support for schistosomiasis control in Yunnan Province in the new era.[
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- 2019
15. [Emergency treatment of schistosomiasis outbreaks in transmission - interrupted mountainous and hilly areas]
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Dong, Yi, Zhang, Yun, Du, Chun-Hong, Feng, Xi-Guang, Song, Jing, Cao, Chun-Li, and Li, Shi-Zhu
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China ,Snails ,Animals ,Humans ,Schistosomiasis ,Emergency Treatment ,Disease Outbreaks - Abstract
In China, the mountainous and hilly schistosomiasis-endemic areas are mainly distributed in 2 provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan. Although great success has been achieved in schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly areas, there is a risk of re-emerging schistosomiasis in local areas. Hereby, we described the emergency treatment of two schistosomiasis outbreaks that occurred in transmission-interrupted areas of Yunnan Province in 2011 and 2013, pointed out the risk of schistosomiasis rebounding in mountainous and hilly areas and proposed some suggestions.[
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- 2019
16. [Effectiveness of infectious source control after transmission control of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province]
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Zhang, Yun, Du, Chun-Hong, Shao, Zong-Ti, Wu, Ming-Shou, Feng, Xi-Guang, Xiong, Meng-Tao, Shen, Mei-Fen, Huang, Peng, Song, Jing, and Dong, Yi
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China ,Sheep ,Swine ,Snails ,Feces ,Mice ,Dogs ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Humans ,Schistosoma ,Schistosomiasis ,Cattle ,Horses ,Disease Reservoirs - Abstract
To assess the effectiveness of infectious source control at various stages of transmission control of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the further monitoring and management of infectious sources of schistosomiasis.Wenbi Village, a plateau subtype region and Qiandian Village, a mountain subtype region in Eryuan County were selected as the study areas. The species, schistosome infection and transmission capability of infectious sources were investigated in Wenbi and Qiandian villages in 2011 and 2018 and were compared.Schistosome infections were detected in human, bovine, horse, dog and mouse in Qiandian Village in 2011, with positive rates of 1.19%, 0.91%, 1.25%, 3.13% and 0.95%, respectively, and human, bovine and dog were found to have schistosome infections, with positive rates of 0.76%, 1.66% and 9.30%, respectively. However, no infections were identified in human, bovine, horse, pig, dog, sheep or mouse in these two villages in 2018. A total of 731 wild feces were collected in both villages in 2011. In Qiandian Village, horse, bovine and dog feces accounted for 34.40%, 29.80% and 20.20% of all fecal samples, and dog and horse feces were found to have schistosome infections (11.94% and 6.90% positive rates, respectively). In Wenbi Village, dog, bovine and human feces accounted for 44.59%, 39.83% and 14.29% of all fecal samples, and dog, human and bovine feces were found to have schistosome infections (16.95%, 9.52% and 2.33% positive rates, respectively). In 2018, a total of 204 wild feces were collected in both villages, and no schistosome infections were identified. Sheep, dog and bovine feces accounted for 36.27%, 33.33% and 27.45% of all fecal samples in Qiandian Village, and dog, bovine and human feces accounted for 72.55%, 11.76% and 10.78% of all fecal samples in Wenbi Village.A remarkable achievement has been obtained in the control of infectious sources of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County, and the role of human and bovine as the major infectious sources of schistosomiasis has been effectively controlled. In the future, the integrated strategy with emphasis on the control of infectious sources should be intensified, and the management of reservoir hosts including dog and mouse should be strengthened.[
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- 2019
17. [Short - term effects of two kinds of plastic mulch on
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Zhang, Yun, Huang, Ning-Bo, Feng, Xi-Guang, Shi, Xue-Wen, Li, Xiong-Bin, Yang, Wei-Dong, Mao, Gui-Lin, Xiong, Meng-Tao, Wu, Ming-Shou, Song, Jing, Sun, Jia-Yu, and Chen, Chun-Qiong
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China ,Agricultural Irrigation ,Molluscacides ,Snails ,Animals ,Disease Vectors ,Plastics - Abstract
To evaluate and compare the short-term effects of two kinds of plastic mulch onThe irrigation and drainage ditches with high density ofThe average snail mortality rate of the colorless plastic mulch group was only 15.29% that was higher than that of the black plastic mulch group (6.56%) (It is not suitable to use plastic mulch only in irrigation and drainage ditches with snails widely in Yunnan Province because of its low effect, and if necessary, the molluscicide should be added.
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- 2018
18. Low‐grade albuminuria associated with brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity in young adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China
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Song-jing Zhang, Xiao-fang Yan, Sunjie Yan, Dong-hui Liu, Liyong Yang, and Lingning Huang
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Adult ,Male ,China ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brachial Artery ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood Pressure ,Type 2 diabetes ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,Young Adult ,Vascular Stiffness ,Endocrinology ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Albuminuria ,Humans ,Medicine ,Ankle Brachial Index ,Pulse wave velocity ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Blood pressure ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Creatinine ,Arterial stiffness ,Cardiology ,Female ,Microalbuminuria ,Ankle ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in type 2 diabetics, and microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity. We aimed to investigate the potential association between low-grade albuminuria and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Between 2009 and 2013, a retrospective study was performed in 578 patients with type 2 diabetes (339 male patients and 239 female patients) with normal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (ACRs
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- 2014
19. Investor Protection and Dividend Police1--A Research on the Self Assessment and Improvement Plan Disclosed by 1184 Listed Companies in China's Stock Market
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Shen Yifeng, Huang Juanjuan, and Song Jing
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Finance ,General Computer Science ,business.industry ,General Mathematics ,Self ,Dividend ,Stock market ,Investor protection ,Business ,Plan (drawing) ,China - Published
- 2012
20. Study on Public-Private Partnerships Financing Structure in Hydropower Project
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Song Jing Wang and Min Zhu
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Finance ,Safeguard ,Energy development ,business.industry ,Return on investment ,General Engineering ,Cash flow ,business ,China ,Hydropower ,Stock (geology) ,Renewable energy - Abstract
The hydropower, as the renewable energy, the development strategy of which is the important part of China’s whole energy development strategy in the 12th Five-Year Plan. The insufficient capital injection of government is the main restriction factor of the hydropower development. The paper introduces the Public-Private-Partnerships (PPP) theories and practices, combining with the situations of China’s tight financing policies, sufficient private capital stock and so on, analyses the main problems on China’s hydropower financing and then builds the PPP structure to solve the problems, expounds the advantages, supports and safeguard measures of PPP structure. The paper puts forward the ideas that considering the hydropower project is quasi commonweal infrastructure, it is necessary for the governments to give rational compensation or Taxes and dues preferential policies to the SPC in order to guarantee stable cash flow and reasonable return on investment.
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- 2012
21. Fine particulate air pollution and adult hospital admissions in 200 Chinese cities: a time-series analysis.
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Tian, Yaohua, Liu, Hui, Liang, Tianlang, Xiang, Xiao, Li, Man, Juan, Juan, Song, Jing, Cao, Yaying, Wang, Xiaowen, Chen, Libo, Wei, Chen, Gao, Pei, and Hu, Yonghua
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HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,AIR pollution ,AIR quality standards ,PARTICULATE matter ,META-analysis ,PUBLIC hospitals ,TIME series analysis - Abstract
Background: The association between short-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and morbidity risk in developing countries is not fully understood. We conducted a nationwide time-series study to estimate the short-term effect of PM2.5 on hospital admissions in Chinese adults.Methods: Daily counts of hospital admissions for 2014-16 were obtained from the National Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database. We identified more than 58 million hospitalizations from 0.28 billion insured persons in 200 Chinese cities for subjects aged 18 years or older. Generalized additive models with quasi-Poisson regression were applied to examine city-specific associations of PM2.5 concentrations with hospital admissions. National-average estimates of the association were obtained from a random-effects meta-analysis. We also investigated potential effect modifiers, such as age, sex, temperature and relative humidity.Results: An increase of 10 μg/m3 in same-day PM2.5 concentrations was positively associated with a 0.19% (95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.30) increase in the daily number of hospital admissions at the national level. PM2.5 exposure remained positively associated with hospital admissions on days when the daily concentrations met the current Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (75 μg/m3). Estimates of admission varied across cities and increased in cities with lower PM2.5 concentrations (p = 0.044) or higher temperatures (p = 0.002) and relative humidity (p = 0.003). The elderly were more sensitive to PM2.5 exposure (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was positively associated with adult hospital admissions in China, even at levels below current Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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22. Association between temperature variability and daily hospital admissions for cause-specific cardiovascular disease in urban China: A national time-series study.
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Tian, Yaohua, Liu, Hui, Si, Yaqin, Cao, Yaying, Song, Jing, Li, Man, Wu, Yao, Wang, Xiaowen, Xiang, Xiao, Juan, Juan, Chen, Libo, Wei, Chen, Gao, Pei, and Hu, Yonghua
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CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,GLOBAL temperature changes ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have provided compelling evidence of associations between ambient temperature and cardiovascular disease. However, evidence of effects of daily temperature variability on cardiovascular disease is scarce and mixed. We aimed to examine short-term associations between temperature variability and hospital admissions for cause-specific cardiovascular disease in urban China.Methods and Findings: We conducted a national time-series analysis in 184 cities in China between 2014 and 2017. Data on daily hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease, heart failure, heart rhythm disturbances, and ischemic stroke were obtained from the database of Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) including 0.28 billion enrollees. Temperature data were acquired from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service Center. Temperature variability was calculated from the standard deviation (SD) of daily minimum and maximum temperatures over exposure days. City-specific associations between temperature variability and cardiovascular disease were examined with overdispersed Poisson models controlling for calendar time, day of the week, public holiday, and daily mean temperature and relative humidity. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain national and regional average associations. We also plotted exposure-response relationship curve using a natural cubic spline of temperature variability. There were 8.0 million hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease during the study period. At the national-average level, a 1-°C increase in temperature variability at 0-1 days (TV0-1) was associated with a 0.44% (0.32%-0.55%), 0.31% (0.20%-0.43%), 0.48% (0.01%-0.96%), 0.34% (0.01%-0.67%), and 0.82% (0.59%-1.05%) increase in hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, heart rhythm disturbances, and ischemic stroke, respectively. The estimates decreased but remained significant when controlling for ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), NO2, and SO2 pollution. The main limitation of the present study was the unavailability of data on individual exposure to temperature variability.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that short-term temperature variability exposure could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which may provide new insights into the health effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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23. Ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions: A nationwide study in 218 Chinese cities.
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Tian, Yaohua, Liu, Hui, Liang, Tianlang, Xiang, Xiao, Li, Man, Juan, Juan, Song, Jing, Cao, Yaying, Wang, Xiaowen, Chen, Libo, Wei, Chen, Gao, Pei, and Hu, Yonghua
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HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,AIR pollution ,TIME series analysis ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,RANDOM effects model - Abstract
Abstract There have been few large multicity studies to evaluate the acute health effects of ambient air pollution on morbidity risk in developing counties. In this study, we examined the short-term associations of air pollution with daily hospital admissions in China. We conducted a nationwide time-series study in 218 Chinese cities between 2014 and 2016. Data on daily hospital admissions counts were obtained from the National Health Insurance Database for Urban Employees covering 0.28 billion enrollees. We used generalized additive model with Poisson regression to estimate the associations in each city, and we performed random-effects meta-analysis to pool the city-specific estimates. More than 60 million hospital admissions were analyzed in this study. At the national-average level, each 10 μg/m
3 increase in PM 10 , SO 2 , and NO 2 , and 1 mg/m3 increase in CO at lag 0 day was associated with a 0.29% (95% CI, 0.23%–0.36%), 1.16% (95% CI, 0.92%–1.40%), 1.68% (95% CI, 1.40%–1.95%), and 2.59% (95% CI, 1.69%–3.50%) higher daily hospital admissions, respectively. The associations of air pollution with hospital admissions remained statistically significant at levels below the current Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards. The effect estimates were larger in cities with lower air pollutants levels or higher air temperatures and relative humidity, as well as in the elderly. In conclusion, our findings provide robust evidence of increased hospital admissions in association with short-term exposure to ambient air pollution in China. Graphical abstract Percentage change (PC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in daily hospital admissions per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM 10 , SO 2 , and NO 2 , and 1 mg/m3 increase in CO at different lag days. Image 1 Highlights • Few multicity studies evaluated air pollution on morbidity in developing counties. • Air pollution was associated with daily hospital admissions in 218 Chinese cities. • The associations varied by city characteristics. In this national time-series study in 218 Chinese cities covering > 60 million hospitalizations, short-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased daily total hospital admissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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24. Association between ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions for ischemic stroke: A nationwide time-series analysis.
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Tian, Yaohua, Liu, Hui, Zhao, Zuolin, Xiang, Xiao, Li, Man, Juan, Juan, Song, Jing, Cao, Yaying, Wang, Xiaowen, Chen, Libo, Wei, Chen, Hu, Yonghua, and Gao, Pei
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AIR pollution ,CORONARY disease ,HOSPITALS ,MIDDLE class ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Background: Evidence of the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on the risk of ischemic stroke in low- and middle-income countries is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to examine the associations between air pollution and daily hospital admissions for ischemic stroke in China.Methods and Findings: We identified hospital admissions for ischemic stroke in 2014-2016 from the national database covering up to 0.28 billion people who received Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) in China. We examined the associations between air pollution and daily ischemic stroke admission using a two-stage method. Poisson time-series regression models were firstly fitted to estimate the effects of air pollution in each city. Random-effects meta-analyses were then conducted to combine the estimates. Meta-regression models were applied to explore potential effect modifiers. More than 2 million hospital admissions for ischemic stroke were identified in 172 cities in China. In single-pollutant models, increases of 10 μg/m3 in particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and 1 mg/m3 in carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations were associated with 0.34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20%-0.48%), 1.37% (1.05%-1.70%), 1.82% (1.45%-2.19%), 0.01% (-0.14%-0.16%), and 3.24% (2.05%-4.43%) increases in hospital admissions for ischemic stroke on the same day, respectively. SO2 and NO2 associations remained significant in two-pollutant models, but not PM2.5 and CO associations. The effect estimates were greater in cities with lower air pollutant levels and higher air temperatures, as well as in elderly subgroups. The main limitation of the present study was the unavailability of data on individual exposure to ambient air pollution.Conclusions: As the first national study in China to systematically examine the associations between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and ischemic stroke, our findings indicate that transient increase in air pollution levels may increase the risk of ischemic stroke, which may have significant public health implications for the reduction of ischemic stroke burden in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Research on Classification and Evaluation of Tropical Sports Tourism Resources in China
- Author
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Xia Minhui, Song Jing-min, and Tian Jianqiang
- Subjects
Geography ,Resource (biology) ,Interview ,Ranking ,business.industry ,Tourism geography ,Environmental resource management ,Questionnaire ,Marketing ,China ,business ,Tourism ,Sports tourism - Abstract
This chapter conducted classification and evaluation on tropical sports tourism resources in Hainan by applying document literature method, questionnaire survey method, field investigation method, expert interview method, and mathematical statistical method, according to the national standard of the People’s Republic of China (GB/T 18972-2003) Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, Tourism, and Tourism Geography theories. Tropical sports tourist resources in Hainan are divided into 2 main categories, 7 sub-categories, 67 basic types, and 513 resource monomers. The author established evaluation index system of sports tourism resources, weight and scoring method, and evaluation ranking. Qualitative evaluation on tropical sports tourist resources in Hainan is as below: rich in resources, high aggregation index, complete types, and unique functions. This article set up the index system and weight and scoring evaluation grade for quantitative evaluation of sports tourism resources. By using expert scoring and calculating, the author conducted quantitative evaluation respectively on the participation type and ornamental type of sports tourism resources; the result is of practical and reasonable significance and has instructive significance on development of tropical sports tourist resources in Hainan.
- Published
- 2014
26. Transition to higher education in contemporary China: A study of high school graduates in urban Nanjing.
- Author
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Lai, Gina, Wong, Odalia, Song, Jing, and Feng, Xiaotian
- Subjects
HIGHER education ,HIGH school graduates ,SOCIAL stratification ,EDUCATIONAL equalization - Abstract
China has undergone an expansion of higher education in the 1990s. The university enrollment rate among high school graduates increased from 27.3% in 1990 to 87.6% in 2013. At the same time, Chinese universities are stratified into key universities and non-key universities, which differ significantly in resource input and prestige. Chinese parents are found to play an increasingly active role in preparing their children for the competition to get into elite universities. Researchers argue that in the era of mass education, social inequality is effectively maintained through school stratification and raising entrance bars for prestigious institutions. Thus, the focus of educational inequality should move from quantitative to qualitative differences. While educational inequality in China has attracted much research attention in the past decade, little is understood about educational inequality in China in qualitative terms. The present study aims to fill this research gap. Data come from a panel survey of 759 high school graduates in urban Nanjing initiated in 2010. A vast majority of these students (98.4%) were enrolled in post-secondary education in 2012, among whom 96.6% attended colleges or universities in China. Our findings do not show inequality in mere access by family background or high school prestige. However, family backgrounds make a difference in educational destinations (local vs. overseas as well as prestige of the institutions) but the family impact tends to be mediated by high school ranking. The findings suggest meritocratic elitism in mass education in China, which legitimizes the intergenerational transfer of social advantages and mediated role of school in producing educational inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Women and Self-employment in Post-socialist Rural China: Side Job, Individual Career or Family Venture.
- Author
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Song, Jing
- Subjects
- *
WOMEN'S employment , *SELF-employment , *CAREER development , *PRIVATE sector , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The rise of private sector business in urban China has led to more women engaging in low-end self-employment. This study, however, reveals a more complicated story in the countryside. Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted in a Chinese village, this study finds that the women took the lead in developing sideline self-employment and were then attracted to rural wage employment in the 1980s. With the privatization of rural industries and the rise of capital-intensive self-employment in the 1990s, some women were forced into low-end self-employment, but others were attracted to high-end self-employment, forging individual careers and family ventures. In more recent times, younger women have been more inclined to work on-and-off, balancing self-employment pursuits with the desire to be a good mother. This pattern marks a shift from the continuous multitasking practised by the older generation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Official relocation and self-help development: Three housing strategies under ambiguous property rights in China’s rural land development.
- Author
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Song, Jing
- Subjects
- *
REAL estate development , *INVOLUNTARY relocation , *SELF-help housing , *PROPERTY rights , *HOUSING development , *HOUSING , *CITIES & towns , *VILLAGES , *HOUSING policy , *GOVERNMENT policy , *HISTORY ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
The recent trend to develop rural land in western China has resulted in the large-scale relocation of villagers. It has also given rise to self-help development of housing. By examining long-established research on both formal urban development and informal village settlements, this study examines self-built housing, collective-endorsed housing and urban relocation housing in one western Chinese village. Their coexistence was made possible by ambiguities in property rights. The state–collective divide and the urban–rural dichotomy in property rights were restructured in land development, and villagers were able to use various means to take advantage of transitional, favourable deals to gain short- or long-term returns. Specifically, self-developed housing met market demands and traditional lifestyles, but witnessed a gap between de jure and de facto property rights and could not be easily formalised, whereas officially sanctioned relocation provided long-term homeownership but with ambiguous de jure property rights and failed to fully integrate villagers into urban neighbourhoods. To a lesser extent, collective endorsement added to the legitimacy of self-help development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Business Marketing in China: Review and Prospects.
- Author
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Wang, Rui and Song, Jing
- Subjects
- *
MARKETING research , *MARKETING , *MARKETING theory , *LITERATURE reviews , *GUANXI - Abstract
Purpose: Given the growth in research on business marketing in China, there is an imperative need to provide a comprehensive understanding of business marketing issues in China. Thus the authors attempt to conduct a comprehensive review to obtain that understanding and to address the following questions: How much progress has been made in understanding business marketing issues in China, and how much progress has been made regarding theory development in this domain? Methodology/Approach: The review covers a total of 153 research articles from 23 key marketing and management academic journals from 1990 through 2009. The authors also propose a theoretical framework consisting of three theories to review the fragmented literature: a theory of Chinese business marketing; a theory of Chinese comparative business marketing; and a Chinese theory of business marketing. Findings: The review enhances our understanding of the theoretical development in the domain of business marketing in China. The review on studies using China as a research sample suggests that most research attempts to exemplify extant business marketing theories in the Chinese context. The review on studies using China as a comparison object shows that marketing is a relatively new phenomenon in China, and thus many business marketing activities in China are different due to the cultural, institutional, and economic situations. The review on studies using China as a unique object documents distinctive business marketing phenomena in China such as guanxi (personal connections) and xinyong (personal trust) and provides theoretical understanding of these phenomena. Originality/Value: The authors develop a new theoretical framework to review the literature: a theory of Chinese business marketing, a theory of Chinese comparative business marketing, and a Chinese theory of business marketing. The framework contributes to the literature by understanding different usages of a context in business marketing research and by suggesting possible theoretical development in this domain. The review identifies potential topics and theoretical development for future research in each of the three areas. The review also provides important managerial implications for practitioners by offering a comprehensive understanding of how business marketing practices are operated in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Moving Purchase and Sitting Purchase: Housing Reform and Transition to Homeownership in Beijing.
- Author
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Song, Jing
- Subjects
- *
HOUSING laws , *HOME ownership , *HOUSING surveys , *HOUSE buying , *MARRIED people - Abstract
Three decades of China's housing reform have brought about an increasing proportion of owner-occupiers as well as complex housing tenure forms. This study uses the 2001 Beijing Housing Survey data to examine the risk of transition to homeownership for married couples during 1980-2001. Pooled cross-sectional regression and discrete-time logistic models are used to estimate the hazards of 'sitting purchase' and 'moving purchase'. Both models illustrate different time patterns of sitting purchase and moving purchase. Sitting purchase is particularly conducive to long-term occupants with seniority in work units, which alters the relationship between housing tenure and life cycles. People with better education are more likely to become homeowners via sitting purchase, but the spouses' effects differ sharply concerning political capital: only the husband's party membership has a significant positive effect. In addition to party membership, job rank and work unit also play an important role in facilitating the family's sitting purchase, suggesting that redistributive powers and organizational links contribute to the competing sources of housing inequality in a market-oriented economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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31. Study on the relationship between urbanization and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and its implication in China.
- Author
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Wu, Jiansheng, Zheng, Hongqian, Zhe, Feng, Xie, Wudan, and Song, Jing
- Subjects
- *
URBANIZATION & the environment , *PARTICULATE matter , *AIR pollution , *SUSTAINABLE development , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
Correlation between urbanization and environmental pollution is a major focus of study in geography, environmental science, and economics. Particulate matter is the primary pollutant of air pollution and made up of heavy metal, organic carbon and aromatic hydrocarbon and complicated chemicals. PM 2.5 are fine particulate matter with diameters that are less than 2.5 μm. The aim of this study on the relationship between urbanization and PM 2.5 concentration is to achieve a win-win situation of both economic development and environmental protection, which is of great significance to sustainable development in China. This paper uses PM 2.5 remote sensing data and statistical yearbook data from 2000 to 2011 to build four panel data models within the urbanization-PM 2.5 concentration Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. The goal is to find out the correlations between PM 2.5 concentration and economic urbanization, population urbanization, and space urbanization. Furthermore, scenario simulations are set to predict when China will reach inflection point and achieve its target concentration. Results show that the relationship between economic urbanization and PM 2.5 concentration is an inverted N-shaped or inverted U-shaped curve. Most cities in East China have reached the second inflection point of inverted-N curve to step into the win-win stage while many cities in Middle China still need 10–15 years to arrive at the inflection point of the inverted-U curve. Therefore, China is under great pressure to prevent PM 2.5 pollution and pursue more targeted PM 2.5 -reduction policies for air quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admissions and readmissions for acute myocardial infarction in 26 Chinese cities.
- Author
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Liu, Hui, Tian, Yaohua, Cao, Yaying, Song, Jing, Huang, Chao, Xiang, Xiao, Li, Man, and Hu, Yonghua
- Subjects
- *
AIR pollution , *PARTICULATE matter , *HOSPITAL admission & discharge , *PATIENT readmissions , *MYOCARDIAL infarction - Abstract
Monitoring data on fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) level in China's major cities were available since 2013. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study to evaluate the association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as well as subsequent cardiac and AMI readmissions among AMI survivors. Hospital admissions for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) from 1 January 2014 through 31 December 2015 were identified from electronic Hospitalization Summary Reports. Conditional logistic regression was used to explore the relation between PM 2.5 and hospital admissions for AMI. Individuals discharged alive following STEMI in 2014 were followed up for subsequent readmissions through 31 December 2015. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the effect of PM 2.5 pollution on subsequent cardiac and STEMI readmissions. Hospital admissions for STEMI (n = 106,467) and NSTEMI (n = 12,719) were examined separately. Exposure to an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM 2.5 concentration (47.5 μg/m 3 ) at lags 2, 3, 4 and 0–5 days corresponded with 0.6% (95% CI, 0.1%–1.1%), 0.8 (95% CI, 0.3%–1.3%), 0.6% (95% CI, 0.1%–1.1%) and 0.9% (95% CI, 0–1.8%) increases in STEMI admissions, respectively. For NSTEMI, no significant association was observed with PM 2.5 . We also observed significant associations of PM 2.5 concentration with both subsequent cardiac and STEMI readmissions among STEMI survivors. In conclusion, short-term elevations in PM 2.5 concentration may increase the risk of STEMI but not NSTEMI, and the association appeared to be more evident among STEMI survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. State ownership and market orientation in China's public firms: an agency theory perspective
- Author
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Salih Tamer Cavusgil, Jing Song, Rui Wang, Song, Jing, Wang, Rui, and Cavusgil, Salih Tamer
- Subjects
Marketing ,Government ,China ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Principal–agent problem ,State ownership ,dual-principal ,Politics ,Market economy ,Shareholder ,State (polity) ,market orientation ,Market orientation ,agency theory ,Business ,Business and International Management ,Finance ,media_common ,state ownership - Abstract
In China, an increasing number of state-owned firms have gone public, which suggests a dual-principal phenomenon such that firms are owned by both the government and non-state shareholders. Non-state shareholders tend to focus on the firm's market orientation and performance, while state shareholders seek political goals over profit-maximization. This manuscript attempts to investigate this issue based on agency theory with both qualitative and quantitative studies. Our findings suggest that state-controlled public firms indeed exhibit a lower degree of market orientation than privately controlled public firms in China, and that the firm's market orientation is relatively high when firm ownership is concentrated in the hands of non-state shareholders.
- Published
- 2015
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