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Objective: To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with bronchoalveolar lavage on the clinical efficacy and serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1(sTREM-1), high mobil ity group protein B1 (HMGB1) and C-reactive protein/albumin (CRP/Alb) in patients with severe craniocerebral injury and pulmonary infection (PI). Methods: 72 patients with severe craniocerebral injury and PI admitted to Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2019 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 36 patients in each group. The control group was treated with bronchoalveolar lavage, while the observation group was treated with HBO combined with bronchoalveolar lavage. Collect the clinical data of the two groups, and compared the clinical efficacy, clinical signs[body temperature, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), white blood cell count (WBC)], clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS), adjusted score of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (ASS) score, glasgow coma score (GCS), serum indicators (sTREM-1, HMGB1, CRP/Alb) before and after treatment. Results: The total effective rate in the observation group was 94.44% higher than 77.78% in the control group (P<0.05); After treatment, the body temperature, WBC, CPIS score and ASS score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, while PaO2 and GCS scores were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05); After treatment, the serum levels of sTREM-1, HMGB1, CRP/Alb in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: HBO combined with bronchoalveolar lavage in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury and PI can reduce inflammatory reaction, reduce the degree of PI, reduce clinical signs and improve clinical efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]