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Fear is a negative emotional reaction to or persistent worry over an imminent public health event like COVID-19. The COVID-Fear Scale was developed in many countries, but not in China. The current study aims to examine the psychometric properties of Chinese version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Translation into Chinese and back-translation into English were conducted firstly. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted in Sample 1, followed by validity tests in Sample 2. Likely, test-retest reliability was conducted in sample 3. A bifactor structure of Chinese version of FCV-19S with a general fear factor and two orthogonal group factors with fear thoughts and physical response was confirmed. Besides, it has good internal consistency reliability (α =.92), composite reliability (CR =.92), and validity correlation validity. The results of the present study confirmed that the Chinese version of FCV-19S has good psychometric properties in the Chinese communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional mental illness concepts remain prevalent in China. Shenjing shuairuo (i.e., neurasthenia), a depressive-like syndrome less favored in Western psychiatric nosology, has a long tradition of acceptance among Chinese lay people. The concept may be more easily accepted in China due to the culturally informed view of the importance of harmony between mind and body and is consistent with Traditional Chinese Medicine. The goals of this study were to estimate the prevalence of shenjing shuairuo, the overlap between shenjing shuairuo and depression, and whether these two disorders share correlates. Data was obtained from 751 Chinese adults using stratified random sampling. Spatial epidemiological methods were utilized with face-to-face interviews conducted in Guangzhou, China. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the neurasthenia criteria from ICD-10 measured depression and shenjing shuairuo. The prevalence of depression and shenjing shuairuo were 5.3% and 15.4%, respectively. Participants with depression were nearly six times more likely to have shenjing shuairuo. Women were more likely than men to have comorbid depression and shenjing shuairuo. Poorer health was reported across disorders. Those with shenjing shuairuo were more likely to report medical diagnoses. Longer sleep latency was reported for those with shenjing shuairuo and those with depression reported fewer hours of sleep and lower sleep quality. Those with depression alone reported the poorest sleep. Significant diagnostic overlap and few distinct correlates were observed. Nevertheless, the difference in prevalence and acceptance among non-professionals suggests that shenjing shuairuo is a useful category of distress among Chinese adults in Southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) differ among populations and between times. The new EU scale of the mini-Wright flow-meter has been introduced since 2004. This study updated the PEFR nomograms with the new scale for Chinese children and adolescents (aged 6-19 years) in Hong Kong. Methods. A convenience sample was recruited from 34 primary care practices (patients' companions/children) and four schools. Standardization workshops were run for the physicians, and the proper use of the flow-meter was demonstrated to students prior to the data collection. Brand new meters were used. For each sex, the linear regression model was used to determine the relationship between PEFR and the variables of age and body height. The open-source software PyNomo was used to generate the nomograms. Results. After excluding 66 participants with past/current history of respiratory tract diseases, heart disease, incomplete data, and poor effort, PEFRs were collected from 798 males and 794 females. The PEFR had a linear relationship with age but a curvilinear relationship with height. The regression equations for predicted PEFR were ln(PEFR) = 1.810256*ln(height) + 0.038297*age - 3.734139 for males and ln(PEFR) = 1.525509*ln(height) + 0.033275*age - 2.368592 for females. The corresponding nomograms were constructed. They were tested with 230 patients in primary care; 9.6% (12 males and 10 females) had PEFR less than the predicted value by ≥20%. Conclusion. The body height was a stronger determinant than age for PEFR. The predicted PEFR with these determinants bear a curvilinear relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As organizational change, and in particular change driven by information and communication technology, has become an important way to improve the efficiency of business processes, more and more organizations are paying increasing attention to helping their managers acquire the necessary knowledge and skills to better manage such change. This research paper describes the design of the LingHe Simulation, a computer-based interactive multimedia simulation which models the dynamics of organizational change in a typical Chinese business environment. The simulation aims to stimulate and enhance managerial understanding of organizational resistance to change and of how to more effectively implement changes. The simulation was tested on both Western and Chinese managers in a series of workshops, and the paper further examines its effectiveness as an innovative learning tool and technique for improving their understanding of the organizational dynamics and the corresponding knowledge and skill needed to manage organizational change in a Chinese environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the prevalence and illness beliefs of sleep paralysis (SP) among Chinese patients in a psychiatric out-patient clinic, consecutive Chinese/Chinese-American patients who attended psychiatric out-patient clinics in Boston and Shanghai were asked about their lifetime prevalence, personal experience and perceptions regarding the causes, precipitating factors, consequences, and help-seeking of SR During the 4-month study period, 42 non-psychotic psychiatric out-patients from the Boston site and 150 patients from the Shanghai site were interviewed. The prevalence of SP was found to be 26.2% in Boston and 23.3% in Shanghai. Patients with post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or panic disorder reported a higher prevalence of SP than did patients without these disorders. Patients attributed SP to fatigue, stress, and other psychosocial factors. Although the experience has traditionally been labeled `ghost oppression' among the Chinese, only [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the literature examining women intrapreneurship, Chinese guanx i and tourism, this article critically explores a theoretical framework for understanding guanxi influences on women intrapreneurship in a non-western and highly patriarchal destination. Through a qualitative analysis of women managers from twenty-four medium and large tourism firms in China, the study provides evidence of Guanxi as socially embedded personal relationships for the exchange of favors, enabling women managers to initiate specific types of women intrapreneurship initiatives in their organizations. The findings reveal how the women managers draw on three forms of guanxi (external, within and back-stage) to display intrapreneurial actions as well as the firm-specific factors that constitute important determinants of women intrapreneurship. The managerial implications for encouraging and supporting women intrapreneurs are critically examined. • Theorizes guanxi influences on women intrapreneurship in tourism firms. • Offers a gender perspective to understanding guanxi influences. • Three forms of guanxi influence Chinese women's career progression. • Uncovers illustrative types of women intrapreneurship initiatives in tourism firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summarizes the results of a study which examined the risk of progression of Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes. Methodology; Results; Discussion and conclusion.

Abstract: Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated whether the liver fat content (LFC) is independently associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and evaluated the contribution of the LFC to the increased CIMT. Methods: We conducted a community-based study among 1809 participants (682 males and 1127 females) from the Changfeng Study who were at least 45 years old. A standard interview, anthropometrics and laboratory parameters were performed for each participant. The CIMT was determined by ultrasonography. A large CIMT value was defined as 75th percentile of the maximum CIMT. A standardised ultrasonographic hepatic-renal ratio was used to assess the LFC. Results: The median LFC value was 6% (interquartile range, 3–14%), and 34% of the subjects had hepatic steatosis based on the criteria for diagnosis of steatosis by quantitative ultrasound. The maximum CIMT, average CIMT and plaque score were strongly associated with the LFC (β = 0.319, 0.324 and 1.361, respectively; all P < 0.05) after adjustment for age, gender, smoking history, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a 1 SD increase in the LFC, the OR for having a large CIMT was 1.350 (95% CI 1.180–1.545; P < 0.001) after adjustment for all potential confounders. Conclusions: These results suggest that the LFC is independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis in the Chinese population, and that the risk of atherosclerosis is proportional to the degree of hepatic steatosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]