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This study presents the synthesis of glucose-based surfactants including quaternary ammonium salts. Their surface properties and influence on the soil environment were investigated. The synthesized quaternary ammonium chlorides of glucose-based ester exhibited good surface tension reduction properties and formed stable foam in contact with water. The results showed that quaternary ester ammonium salts affect the activation of metals (nickel and cadmium) from the soil matrix after their introduction into the soil environment. This phenomenon can increase the bioavailability of these metals. The introduction of glucose surfactants to the soil increased microorganism activity, which may indicate that these compounds were used as a source of carbon and energy by the microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to examine the influence of the concentration of chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and zinc(II) ions in the extraction process using synthesized hydrophobic 2-pyridyl ketoximes. Results indicated that oximes could extract zinc(II) ions from chloride solutions and that the extraction depended on ligand and chloride ion concentrations. A maximum extraction was observed at 1.0–1.5 M Cl-and at higher chloride solutions the complex-forming power of 2-pyridyl ketoximes slowly decreased. Zinc(II) ions were effectively stripped from the loaded organic phase with water or ammonia solutions in two stages. The regenerated oximes could yet be used again in the extraction of zinc(II) ions and the reagents could be able to extract solutions with similar results as before. The current study shows that 2-pyridyl ketoximes can be used to extract zinc(II) ions from concentrated chloride solutions and that the separation of copper(II) ions from multielemental solutions is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: The solvent extraction of cadmium(II) from chloride solutions using 1-(2-pyridyl)-tridecane-1-one (2PC12), 1-(2-pyridyl)-pentadecane-1-one (2PC14), 1-(4-pyridyl)-tridecane-1-one (4PC12) and 1-(4-pyridyl)-pentadecane-1-one (4PC14) oximes has been investigated. The influence of extractant concentration, metal concentration, chloride ion concentrations and of various polar and non-polar diluents was studied. The results indicate that only 2-pyridyl ketoximes extract cadmium(II) from chloride solutions as a solvating dimer complex (CdCl2(2PC12 or 14)2) and the extraction depends on the diluent, reagent concentration and chloride ion concentration. Cadmium(II) was effectively extracted using a chloroform and hydrocarbons mixed with decan-1-ol as diluents and stripped from the loaded organic phase with water and ammonia aqueous solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this work, oximes of 1-(2-pyridyl)tridekane-1-one and 1-(4-pyridyl)tridecane-1-one were used as model hydrophobic extractants for iron(III) from a chloride media. Both studied pyridyl ketoximes have the ability to extract iron(III) from chloride solutions. The highest degree of iron(III) extraction was observed for 1-(2-pyridyl)tridecane-1-one oxime. During extraction with 4-pyridyl ketoxime, a precipitated complex was observed, which has a disadvantageous effect for the extraction process. Iron(III) could be effectively stripped by 1% HCl from organic solution after extraction. Selectivity extractions from multielemental aqueous solutions containing iron(III) using 2- and 4-pyridyl ketoximes were also studied. The highest extraction percentage and good selectivity was observed for Cu2+ from a solution containing 1.0 M Cl- with 1-(2-pyridyl)tridecane-1-one oxime. A scheme of separation of particular metal ions from mulielemental aqueous solutions was also proposed. The separation of metal ions is possible in three stages of extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The model oximes of 1-(2-pyridyl)undecane-1-one (2PC10), 1-(2-pyridyl)tridecane-1-one (2PC12) and 1-(4-pyridyl)tridecane-1-one (4PC12) were synthesized and used for copper(II) extraction from chloride solutions. The behavior of these ligands towards copper(II) extraction was investigated for different experimental conditions with a particular emphasis on the influence of the concentrations of copper ions, chloride ions, and ligand. The obtained results indicated the ability of pyridylketoximes to extract copper(II) from chloride solutions. 2-Pyridyl ketone oximes are stronger extractants of copper than 4-pyridyl ketone oximes. Copper can be effectively stripped by water or diluted sulfuric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]