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Purpose: To evaluate the interobserver variation in the assessment of retinal length to choroidal length ratio (RCR) as a marker for proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD)., Methods: This was a double-masked, prospective study at a tertiary center. Ultrasound was used to calculate RCR in 50 eyes with total RRD by two observers. Both observers were trained after the first round of calculations, and all the calculations were repeated as before. Difference between the RCR values was stratified into four categories (<0.01, 0.01-0.05, 0.06-0.1, and >0.1) for descriptive analysis. A difference of 0.05 was set as the maximal limit for defining interobserver agreement. Correlation between RCR and interobserver difference was assessed., Results: The mean interobserver difference in RCR values was found to be 0.06 ± 0.0 (P = 0.41) and was reduced to 0.04 ± 0.02 (P = 0.81) following training. The interobserver difference was <0.1 in 82% of the cases before training and in 98% of cases after training. The worst interobserver agreement was noted in cases with RCR < 0.8, and there was a good negative correlation between RCR and interobserver difference (r = -0.6, P ≤ 0.001)., Conclusion: There is good interobserver agreement in assessing RCR with ultrasound in eyes with RRD, which improves further with training. RCR needs careful assessment in eyes with very low RCR. This technique may be useful in prognostication of surgical outcomes in cases with advanced PVR., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest

Choroidal coloboma and posterior staphyloma are two clinically distinct entities, with choroidal excavation being a unifying feature. They are associated with early onset cataract which can make ophthalmoscopy difficult. This report studies the transition between the normal and ectatic area in these cases with ultrasound. We evaluate "posterior hump" as a sign of differentiation between these two conditions.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of extraretinal proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) on retinal shortening in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) using ultrasound (USG) and objectively prove the presence of intraretinal PVR (iPVR).Methods: This is a double-masked pilot prospective controlled case series. Patients with total RD planned for vitreoretinal surgery were included in the study. USG was used to determine retinal-to-choroidal length ratios (RCRs) in all the quadrants. Group 1 included 10 patients with preoperative PVR more than Grade B while Group 2 had 14 with PVR of Grades A or B. Severe retinal shortening was defined as RCR < 0.8. Primary outcome measures were severe retinal shortening and an early unexplained recurrence of RD within 15 days of surgery.Results: Mean RCRs were significantly low in all the four quadrants of Group 1 upon comparison with Group 2. The mean RCR had a good negative correlation with number of quadrants of PVR (R = -0.66, P ≤ 0.001). Overall, severe quadrantic retinal shortening was detected in nine patients. In these 9 patients, 11 of the 36 retinal quadrants had severe retinal shortening in the absence of extraretinal PVR (ePVR). Six patients developed early unexplained RD, and all of these belonged to Group 1. Severe quadrantic retinal shortening had the highest odds ratio of developing early unexplained RD (odds ratio = 58, P = 0.01).Conclusion: Retinal shortening occurs both due to ePVR and iPVR, and iPVR occurs independently at least in some cases. Severe quadrantic retinal shortening indicates poor primary anatomical prognoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report demonstrates the blood flow pattern in a case of choroidal hemangioma (CH) using swept-source-optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Fluorescein angiography, SS-OCT, and SS-OCTA images of a patient with CH were obtained using a standard protocol. The internal vascular pattern of the tumor was identified on both OCT and OCTA. Dark areas were identified in the CH. These were interspersed between areas of visible blood flow, as imaged on SS-OCTA. Peripheral vascular arcades were also identified within the tumor. SS-OCTA should be evaluated as an imaging tool to study the blood flow within choroidal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]