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Bitylenchus parvus (Allen, 1955) Jairajpuri, 1982 Syn: Tylenchorhynchus parvus Allen, 1955 Bitylenchus parvus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986 (Figure 2, Table 3) Description Female Body straight to curved ventrally after heat fixation. Cuticle annuli 0.9–1 μm wide at mid-body. Lateral field consisting of four longitudinal incisures, often areolated. Lip region continuous to slightly offset, 7–7.7 μm wide at base, 4.0–4.1 μm high, and bearing six or seven transverse annuli. Cephalic framework slightly sclerotized, outer margins extending two or three body annuli posteriorly. Stylet strong, basal knobs laterally directed; the conus almost half of the total stylet length. Dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice located 2.2–2.3 μm behind stylet knobs. Median pharyngeal bulb oval, 10–11 μm wide; basal bulb pyriform. Hemizonid 2–4 annuli anterior to secretoryexcretory pore. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic; spermatheca rounded, with globular sperm. Vagina 12–13 μm long, almost 50–60% of the vulval body width. Intestinal fasciculi present in the intestine and inside the post rectal sac which extends into almost the entire tail cavity. Tail cylindrical, finely striated or sometimes smooth terminus, bearing 60–67 annuli on ventral side. Hyaline region of tail terminus 5–6 μm thick. Phasmids located 25–30 μm posterior to anus, located in the posterior half of the tail. Male Not found. REMARKS Compared to the original description of B. parvus Allen (1955), the Iranian population has a lower c' ratio (11.5–12.1 vs 13–16). No other difference in morphological or morphometric diagnostic characters was found. Although this population shows similarity to Sauertylenchus maximus, it can be distinguished from it by a smaller body and stylet (680–800 vs 940–1062, and 17.7–19.6 vs 20–24 μm), and the number of tail annuli (60–67 vs 25– 45). This species was recovered from the rhizosphere of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Zanjan and Qazvin provinces during the present study., Published as part of Azizi, Kourosh, Eskandari, Ali, Karegar, Akbar, Ghaderi, Reza, Elsen, Sven Van Den, Holterman, Martijn & Helder, Johannes, 2022, Analyses of morphological and molecular characteristics of Telotylenchinae from Iran point at the validity of the genera Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus, pp. 425-446 in Zootaxa 5169 (5) on pages 430-432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6952625, {"references":["Allen, M. W. (1955) A review of the nematode genus Tylenchorhynchus. University of California Publications in Zoology, 61, 129 - 165.","Jairajpuri, M. S. (1982) Some studies on Tylenchorhynchinae: The subgenus Bitylenchus Filipjev, 1934, with description of Tylenchorhynchus (Bitylenchus) depressus n. sp. and a key to species of Bitylenchus. Mededelingen van de Fakulteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 47, 765 - 770.","Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) Tylenchida Parasites of Plants and Insects. Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology, Slough, UK, 645 pp."]}

Sauertylenchus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 2000 Syn: Bitylenchus maximus (Allen, 1955) Siddiqi, 1986 Tylenchorhynchus maximus Allen, 1950 Tylenchorhynchus wilskii Kornobis, 1980 (Brzeski, 1998) Bitylenchus wilskii (Kornobis, 1980) Jairajpuri, 1982 Bitylenchus wilskii (Kornobis, 1980) Siddiqi, 1986 (Figure 4, Table 3) Description Female Body curved ventrally to C-shaped after heat fixation. Cuticle with distinct annuli, 1.5–2.3 μm wide at midbody. Lateral field with four longitudinal incisures, outer bands areolated. Lip region offset, hemispherical, 8.0– 9.0 μm wide at base, 4.0–5.0 μm high, and bearing six or seven distinct transverse annuli. Cephalic framework lightly sclerotized, outer margins extending over two or three body annuli. Stylet moderately strong, knobs rounded, slightly directed posteriorly; the conus almost half of the total stylet length. Dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice located 2.0–2.1 μm behind stylet knobs. Median pharyngeal bulb oval, 12–13 μm wide; basal bulb pyriform, abutting anterior intestine. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic, spermatheca elongated, empty. Vagina 10 μm long, 40–60% of the vulval body diameter. Intestinal fasciculi present throughout intestine and inside post rectal sac which enters into about two-thirds of the tail length. Tail cylindrical with a hemispherical, annulated terminus, bearing 33–40 annuli on ventral side. Hyaline portion thickness 6–7 μm. Phasmids located 16–17 μm posterior to anus, in the anterior half of the tail. Male Not found. Remarks Compared to the original description of S. maximus by Allen (1955), the Iranian populations differ by the absence of males. The Iranian populations of S. maximus were recovered from Semnan, Ardabil and West Azerbaijan provinces in the rhizosphere of peach (Prunus persica), grass, hawthorn (Crataegus aronia) and apple (Malus pumila), respectively., Published as part of Azizi, Kourosh, Eskandari, Ali, Karegar, Akbar, Ghaderi, Reza, Elsen, Sven Van Den, Holterman, Martijn & Helder, Johannes, 2022, Analyses of morphological and molecular characteristics of Telotylenchinae from Iran point at the validity of the genera Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus, pp. 425-446 in Zootaxa 5169 (5) on pages 434-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6952625, {"references":["Allen, M. W. (1955) A review of the nematode genus Tylenchorhynchus. University of California Publications in Zoology, 61, 129 - 165.","Siddiqi, M. R. (2000) Tylenchida Parasites of Plants and Insects. 2 nd edition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 833 p. https: // doi. org / 10.1079 / 9780851992020.0000","Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) Tylenchida Parasites of Plants and Insects. Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology, Slough, UK, 645 pp.","Brzeski, M. W & Dolinski C. M. (1998) Compendium of the genus Tylenchorhynchus Cob, 1913 sensu lato (Nematodea: Belonolaimidae). Russian Journal of Nematology, 6 (2), 189 - 199.","Jairajpuri, M. S. (1982) Some studies on Tylenchorhynchinae: The subgenus Bitylenchus Filipjev, 1934, with description of Tylenchorhynchus (Bitylenchus) depressus n. sp. and a key to species of Bitylenchus. Mededelingen van de Fakulteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 47, 765 - 770."]}

Bitylenchus dubius (Bütschli, 1873) Filipjev, 1934 Syn: Tylenchus dubius Bütschli, 1873 Anguillulina dubia (Bütschli, 1873) Goody, 1932 Tylenchus (Bitylenchus) dubius (Bütschli, 1873) Filipjev, 1934 Tylenchorhynchus dubius (Bütschli, 1873) Filipjev, 1936 Bitylenchus dubius (Bütschli, 1873) Siddiqi, 1986 (Figure 1, Table 3), Published as part of Azizi, Kourosh, Eskandari, Ali, Karegar, Akbar, Ghaderi, Reza, Elsen, Sven Van Den, Holterman, Martijn & Helder, Johannes, 2022, Analyses of morphological and molecular characteristics of Telotylenchinae from Iran point at the validity of the genera Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus, pp. 425-446 in Zootaxa 5169 (5) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6952625, {"references":["Butschli, O. (1873) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der freilebenden Nematoden. Nova acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum, 36, 1 - 124.","Filipjev, I. N. (1934) Harmful and Useful Nematodes in Rural Economy. Moscow, Leningrad, USSR, 440 pp. [In Russian]","Filipjev, I. N. (1936) On the classification of the Tylenchinae. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 3, 80 - 82.","Siddiqi, M. R. (1986) Tylenchida Parasites of Plants and Insects. Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology, Slough, UK, 645 pp."]}

Bitylenchus serranus Gomez-Barcina, Siddiqi & Castillo, 1992 (Figure 3, Table 3), Published as part of Azizi, Kourosh, Eskandari, Ali, Karegar, Akbar, Ghaderi, Reza, Elsen, Sven Van Den, Holterman, Martijn & Helder, Johannes, 2022, Analyses of morphological and molecular characteristics of Telotylenchinae from Iran point at the validity of the genera Bitylenchus and Sauertylenchus, pp. 425-446 in Zootaxa 5169 (5) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6952625, {"references":["Gomez-Barcina, A., Siddiqi, M. R. & Castillo, P. (1992) The genus Bitylenchus Filipjev, 1934 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) with descriptions of two new species from Spain. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 59, 96 - 110."]}

Paratylenchus variabilis Raski, 1975 Ghaderi et al. 2014: 10♀: L = 323 (306���337) ��m; a = 22.2 (18.7���25.3); b = 3.9 (3.7���4.1); c = 17.9 (15.6���20.5); c' = 2.3 (1.8���2.6); St = 14.1 (13.0���15.2) ��m; V = 84 (83���86) Associated plant and locality: Turfgrass from Kohgiloyeh & Boyer-Ahmad (Ghaderi et al. 2014 [P]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2014) Contribution to the study of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 sensu lato (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 151 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.1"]}

Paratylenchus dianthus Jenkins & Taylor, 1956 (Fig. 2)

Paratylenchus obtusicaudatus Raski, 1975 Ghaderi et al. 2014: 10♀: L = 275 (254���295) ��m; a = 21.9 (19.5���23.2); b = 4.0 (3.6���4.3); c = 18.2 (15.5���21.2); c' = 2.2 (1.9���2.5); St = 20.8 (19.3���22.0) ��m; V = 82 (80���83) 2♂: L = 230, 246 ��m; a = 25.0, 25.1; c = 18.8, 20.0; c' = 1.6, 1.9; Spicules = 13.8, 15.0 ��m Associated plant and locality: Sugarcane from Khuzestan (Nasiri et al. 2012, Ghaderi et al. 2014 [P]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2014) Contribution to the study of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 sensu lato (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 151 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.1","Nasiri, M., Karegar, A., Taherkhani, K. & Moazen Rezamahaleh, H. (2012) Identification and distribution of the most important plant parasitic nematodes in the sugarcane fields of Khuzestan province, Iran. Abstracts of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 714."]}

Paratylenchus conicephalus van den Berg, Eskandari, Tiedet & Karegar, 2011 van den Berg et al. 2011: 17♀: L = 455 (365���501) ��m; a = 20 (16.���22.8); b = 4.1 (3.5���4.3); c = 12.4 (10.2���18); c' = 4.1 (2.6���5.5); St = 32.5 (29.5���35) ��m; V = 81 (79���83) Ghaderi & Karegar 2013: 11♀: L = 386 (361���409) ��m; a = 23.7 (22.3���24.7); b = 3.9 (3.5���4.0); c = 15.4 (12.2���17.0); c' = 3.2 (2.8���3.7); St = 29.2 (27.8���31.2) ��m; V = 80 (80���82) Associated plants and localities: Prangos ferulacea from Kurdistan (van den Berg et al. 2011 [F]), grapevine from Kurdistan (Ghaderi & Karegar 2013 [P], Ghaderi et al. 2012, 2014 [P]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["van den Berg, E., Eskandari, A., Tiedt, L. R. & Karegar, A. (2011) Paratylenchus conicephalus sp. n. from Iran with notes on P. similis Khan, Prasad & Mathur, 1967 (Nematoda: Paratylenchidae). Nematology, 13, 529 - 537. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 138855410 X 528280","Ghaderi, R. & Karegar, A. (2013) Some species of Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 49, 49 - 52. [in Persian with English summary]","Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2012) Some species of the superfamily Criconematoidea (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) from Iran. Proceedings of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 731."]}

Paratylenchus colinus (Huang & Raski, 1986) Brzeski, 1998 Syn: Gracilacus colina Huang & Raski, 1986 Syn: Gracilpaurus colinus (Huang & Raski, 1986) Ganguly & Khan, 1990, Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Huang, C. S. & Raski, D. J. (1986) Four new species of Gracilacus Raski, 1962 (Criconematoidea: Nemata). Revue de Nematologie, 9, 347 - 356.","Brzeski, M. W. (1998) Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and temperate Europe. Muzeum I Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, 397 pp."]}

Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 Syn: Gracilacus Raski, 1962, Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Micoletzky, H. (1922) Die Freilebenden Erd-Nematoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, A, 87 (1921), 1 - 650.","Raski, D. J. (1962) Paratylenchidae n. fam. with descriptions of five new species of Gracilacus n. g. and an emendation of Cacopaurus Thorne, 1943, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and Criconematidae Thorne, 1943. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29, 189 - 207."]}

Tylenchulus musicola Tanha Maafi, Amani, Stanley, Inserra, Van den Berg & Subbotin, 2012 Tanha Maafi et al. 2012: 12 Mature ♀: L = 287 (240–370) µm; a = 4.8 (3.7–8.2); b = 3.1 (2.5–4.0); St = 10 (8.0–12)µm 31 J 2: L = 306 (278–334) µm; a = 30.1 (27.7–33.4); b = 3.5 (3.2–4.0); St = 11.1 (10–12)µm 5♂: L = 310 (286–326) µm; a = 27.2 (23.8–32.5); b = 3.5 (3.3–3.7); St = 8.5 (8–9) µm; Spicules = 15.7 (14– 18) µm Associated plant and locality: Banana from Sistan & Baluchistan (Tanha Maafi et al. 2010 [M], 2012 [F, M])

Paratylenchus holdemani Raski, 1975 Mirghasemi et al. 2016: 12♀: L = 285 (243-305) ��m; a = 21.5 (18.4-25.4); b = 3.9 (3.6-4.3); c = 13.1 (10.4-15.9); c' = 2.6 (2.5-3.1); St = 22.7 (22-24) ��m; V = 82 (81-84) 2♂: L = 311-317 ��m; a = 26.5-28.3; b = 3.7-4.2; c = 11.7-14.4; c' = 2.4-3.3; Spicules = 16-17 ��m Associated plant and localities: Tea from Gilan (Mirghasemi et al. 2014a, 2016 [F]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Mirghasemi, S. N., Jamali, S., Seraji, A. & Pedramfar, H. (2016) Some plant parasitic nematodes of the infraorder Tylenchomorpha from tea plantations of Iran. Journal of Plant Protection, 30, 22 - 30.","Mirghasemi, S. N., Seraji, A. & Jamali, S. (2014 a) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes of tea populations (Camellia sinensis) in Iran. Proceedings of 21 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2014, 311."]}

Paratylenchus peraticus (Raski, 1962) Siddiqi & Goodey, 1964 (Fig. 4) Syn: Gracilacus peratica Raski, 1962

Paratylenchus idalimus (Raski, 1962) Siddiqi & Goodey, 1964 Syn: Gracilacus idalima Raski, 1962 Associated plants and localities: Grapevine from West Azarbaijan (Barooti 1987), bean from Markazi (Mohammad Deimi et al. 2008b)

Paratylenchus idalimus (Raski, 1962) Siddiqi & Goodey, 1964 Syn: Gracilacus idalima Raski, 1962 Associated plants and localities: Grapevine from West Azarbaijan (Barooti 1987), bean from Markazi (Mohammad Deimi et al. 2008b), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Raski, D. J. (1962) Paratylenchidae n. fam. with descriptions of five new species of Gracilacus n. g. and an emendation of Cacopaurus Thorne, 1943, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and Criconematidae Thorne, 1943. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29, 189 - 207.","Siddiqi, M. R. & Goodey, J. B. (1964) The status of the genera and subfamilies of the Criconematidae (Nematoda); with a comment on the position of Fergusobia. Nematologica, 9 (1963), 363 - 377.","Barooti, S. (1987) A list of plant parasitic nematodes of Iran (collected between 1956 - 1986). Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran, 39 pp.","Mohammad Deimi, A., Ghalandar, M. & Barooti, S. (2008 b) Study of plant parasitic nematodes on bean in Khomein. Proceedings of 18 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Hamadan, Iran, 2008, 559."]}

Paratylenchus salubris Raski, 1975 (Fig. 6), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787

Paratylenchus neoprojectus Wu & Hawn, 1975 Ghaderi & Karegar 2013: 15♀: L = 387 (344���416) ��m; a = 22.3 (18.8���24.7); b = 4.0 (3.7���4.3); c = 15.9 (13.9���18.1); c' = 2.9 (2.7���3.2); St = 27.4 (24.9���29.3) ��m; V = 83 (81���86) Associated plants and localities: Apricot from Kurdistan and shade trees from East Azarbaijan (Ghaderi & Karegar 2013 [F], Ghaderi et al. 2012, 2014 [P]), alfalfa from Yazd (Ghaderi et al. 2014 [P]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Wu, L. Y. & Hawn, E. J. (1975) Paratylenchus neoprojectus n. sp. (Paratylenchinae: Nematoda) from alfalfa fields in Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, 1841 - 1843. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 75 - 217","Ghaderi, R. & Karegar, A. (2013) Some species of Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 49, 49 - 52. [in Persian with English summary]","Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2012) Some species of the superfamily Criconematoidea (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) from Iran. Proceedings of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 731.","Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2014) Contribution to the study of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 sensu lato (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 151 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.1"]}

Paratylenchus similis Khan, Prasad & Mathur, 1967 (Fig. 7) Syn: Paratylenchus italiensis Raski, 1975 Syn: Paratylenchus tateae Wu & Townshend, 1973, Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Khan, E., Prasad, S. K. & Mathur, V. K. (1967) Two new species of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from India. Nematologica, 13, 79 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529267 X 00959","Wu, Y. L. & Townshend, J. L. (1973) Paratylenchus tateae n. sp. (Paratylenchinae, Nematoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 51, 109 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 73 - 017"]}

Paratylenchus arculatus Luc & de Guiran, 1962 Syn: Paratylenchus nainianus Edward & Misra, 1963, Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Luc, M. & De Guiran, G. (1962) Deux nouveaux Paratylenchus (Nematoda-Criconematidae) de Cote d'ivoire. Nematologica, 7, 133 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529262 X 00864","Edward, J. C. & Misra, S. L. (1963) Paratylenchus nainianus n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Uttar Pradesh, India. Nematologica, 9, 215 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529263 X 00386"]}

Paratylenchus nanus Cobb, 1923 Nouri et al. 2006: 10♀: L = 401 (363���430) ��m; a = 23.4 (18.6���26.5); b = 4.2 (4.0���4.3); c = 14.2 (12.9���16); c' = 3.0 (2.7���3.6); St = 31.8 (29���34) ��m; V = 81 (78���83) Associated plants and localities: Apricot from Zanjan (Nouri et al. 2004, 2006 [F]), walnut from central and northern regions of Iran (Barooti 2006), peach, nectarine, cherry and hazelnut from Ardabil (Rafiee et al. 2010), citrus from Mazandaran (Divsalar et al. 2011), fruit trees from East Azarbaijan (Solouki et al. 2012), peanut from Gilan (Mirghasemi et al. 2014b), grapevine from Kermanshah (Esmaeili & Heydari 2017), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Cobb, N. A. (1923) Notes on Paratylenchus, a genus of nemas. Journal of the Washington Academy and Sciences, 13, 254 - 257.","Nouri, S., Kheiri, A. & Karegar, A. (2006) Some plant parasitic nematodes from orchards in Zanjan region. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 42, 1 - 4. [1 - 17, in Persian with English summary]","Nouri, S., Kheiri, A. & Karegar, A. (2004) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes fauna (Tylenchida) of fruit trees in Zanjan region. Abstracts of 16 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tabriz, Iran, 2004, 434.","Barooti, S. (2006) Identification of plant parasitic and predator nematodes fauna of walnut trees in north and central of Iran. Proceedings of 17 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Karadj, Iran, 2006, 320.","Rafiee, S., Pourjam, E. & Niknam, G. (2010) Some nematode species associated with fruit trees in Moghan region. Journal of Plant Protection, 24, 69 - 79. [in Persian]","Divsalar, N., Jamali, S., Pedramfar, H. & Taheri, H. (2011) Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of citrus in east Gilan and west Mazandaran. Journal of Plant Protection, 25, 168 - 177. [in Persian]","Solouki, V., Niknam, G. & Kheiri, A. (2012) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes in orchard rhizosphere of Marand and suburbs in East Azarbaijan province, Iran. Proceedings of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 692.","Mirghasemi, S. N., Jamali, S. & Sharifi, K. (2014 b) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) fields in Guilan province. Proceedings of 21 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Urmia, Iran, 2014, 315.","Esmaeili, M. & Heydari, R. (2017) Some species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from vineyards in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6, 259 - 271."]}

Paratylenchus labiosus Anderson & Kimpinski, 1977 Bahmani et al. 2014: 8♀: L = 333 (309���363) ��m; a = 22.8 (19.9���25.0); b = 3.5 (3.1���3.9); c = 12.2 (9.9���14.9); c' = 3.0 (2.7���2.4); St = 16.7 (15.5���17.5) ��m; V = 81 (79���83) 1♂: L = 362 ��m; a = 29.2; c = 11.2; c' = 3.5; Spicules = 20.6 ��m Associated plant and locality. Walnut from Kurdistan (Bahmani et al. 2013, 2014 [F]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Anderson, R. V. & Kimpinski, J. (1977) Paratylenchus labiosus n. sp. (Nematoda: Paratylenchidae) from Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 1992 - 1996. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 258","Bahmani, J., Barooti, S. & Ghaderi, R. (2014) On occurrence of Paratylenchus labiosus Anderson & Kimpinski, 1977 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) in Iran, with discussion on the validity of the species. Journal of Crop Protection, 3, 273 - 281.","Bahmani, J., Khozeini, F., Barooti, S., Rezaee, S. & Ghaderi, R. (2013) Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with walnut in the Sanandej region of west Iran. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 53, 404 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / jppr- 2013 - 0060"]}

Paratylenchus perminimus Siddiqi, 1996 (Fig. 5), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Siddiqi, M. R. (1996) Paratylenchus recisus sp. n. and P. perminimus sp. n. (Criconematina: Paratylenchidae). Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology, 6, 55 - 58."]}

Trophotylenchulus asoensis (Minagawa, 1983) Siddiqi, 1999 Gharakhani et al. 2007: 20♀: L = 435 (316���552) ��m; a = 11.1 (8.9���14.7); b = 3.8 (2.8���4.9); c = 12.9 (10.2���15.6); c' = 3.2 (2.6���4.2); St = 13.2 (11���15) ��m; V = 77 (73���82) 5♂: L = 490 (453���518) ��m; a = 34 (32.4���36); b = 4.3 (3.9���4.9); c = 10 (9.2���10.6); St = 9.2 (8���10.5) ��m; Spicules = 20 (18���22) ��m Associated plants and localities: Plane tree from Kerman (Gharakhani et al. 2007 [F], grasses from Kurdistan (Ahmadi et al. 2014), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Minagawa, N. (1983) Descriptions of two new species of nematode genus Trophonema Raski, 1957 (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 18, 90 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 18.90","Siddiqi, M. R. (1999) Trophotylenchulus colbrani sp. n. and T. cunctus sp. n. (Criconematina: Tylenchulidae) from Mbalmayo forest in Cameroon. International Journal of Nematology, 8 (1998), 179 - 184.","Gharakhani, A., Pourjam, E. & Karegar, A. (2007) Some plant parasitic nematodes (Criconematoidea and Longidoridae) in Kerman province orchards. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 43, 372 - 397.","Ahmadi, B., Niknam, G., Pachide, A. & Kheiri, A. (2014) Report of Cacopaurus pestis and Trophotylenchulus asoensis from West Azarbaijan and Kurdistan provinces, Iran. 21 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Urmia, Iran, 2014, 318."]}

Paratylenchus peraticus (Raski, 1962) Siddiqi & Goodey, 1964 (Fig. 4) Syn: Gracilacus peratica Raski, 1962, Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Raski, D. J. (1962) Paratylenchidae n. fam. with descriptions of five new species of Gracilacus n. g. and an emendation of Cacopaurus Thorne, 1943, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and Criconematidae Thorne, 1943. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29, 189 - 207.","Siddiqi, M. R. & Goodey, J. B. (1964) The status of the genera and subfamilies of the Criconematidae (Nematoda); with a comment on the position of Fergusobia. Nematologica, 9 (1963), 363 - 377."]}

Paratylenchus tenuicaudatus Wu, 1961 Esmaeili et al. 2016b: 10♀: L = 330 (305���365) ��m; a = 20.3 (16.9���23.5); b = 3.9 (3.7���4.5); c = 11.0 (8.7���12.0); c' = 3.4 (2.8���4.7); St = 25 (22.0���30.0) ��m; V = 80 (75���85) 3♂: L = 234 (210���260) ��m; a = 17.3 (16.2���18.2); c = 5.8 (5.3���6.8); Spicules = 19.8 (18.0���22.0) ��m Associated plant and locality: Alfalfa from Kermanshah (Esmaeili et al. 2016b [F, M] [restudy]) Note. This population differs from P. tenuicaudatus in having a truncated lip region with small but distinct submedian lobes from lateral view (vs. hemispherical lip region without distinct submedian lobes), pear-shaped pharyngeal basal bulb (vs. elongated) and smaller body size. It seems that this Iranian population is more similar to P. arculatus., Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Wu, L. Y. (1961) Paratylenchus tenuicaudatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 39, 163 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 61 - 021","Esmaeili, M., Heydari, R., Castillo, P., Ziaie Bidhendi, M. & Palomares-Rius, J. E. (2016 b) Molecular characterization of two known species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 from Iran with notes on the validity of Paratylenchus audriellus Brown, 1959. Nematology, 18, 591 - 604. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685411 - 00002979"]}

Paratylenchus veruculatus Wu, 1962 Ghaderi & Karegar 2013: 5♀: L = 314 (291���351) ��m; a = 22.2 (20.6���23.9); b = 4.1 (3.6���4.8); c = 14.1 (13.2���14.6); c' = 2.7 (2.6���2.8); St = 12.1 (10.7���14.0) ��m; V = 85 (84���85) Associated plant and locality: Sugarcane from Khuzestan (Ghaderi et al. 2012, 2014 [P], Ghaderi & Karegar 2013 [F]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Wu, Y. L. (1962) Paratylenchus veruculatus n. sp. (Criconematidae: Nematoda) from Scotland. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 773 - 775. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 073","Ghaderi, R. & Karegar, A. (2013) Some species of Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 49, 49 - 52. [in Persian with English summary]","Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2012) Some species of the superfamily Criconematoidea (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) from Iran. Proceedings of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 731."]}

Paratylenchus recisus Siddiqi, 1996 Golhasan et al. 2017: 10♀: L = 324 (298���343) ��m; a = 20.6 (20.1���23.2); b = 3.2 (3.0���3.5); c = 12.3 (11.1���14.1); St = 15.3 (14.0��� 17.0) ��m; V = 81 (78���83) Associated plant and locality: Grapevine from Kermanshah (Golhasan et al. 2017 [F] [restudy]) Note. The Iranian population should also be compared with the most closely related species, P. microdorus., Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Siddiqi, M. R. (1996) Paratylenchus recisus sp. n. and P. perminimus sp. n. (Criconematina: Paratylenchidae). Afro-Asian Journal of Nematology, 6, 55 - 58.","Golhasan, B., Esmaeili, M., Miraeiz, E. & Heydari, R. (2017) Three nematode species of the infraorder Tylenchomorpha (Nematoda: Tylenchina) from Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6, 513 - 527."]}

Paratylenchus perlatus Raski, 1975 Baadl et al. 2012: 6♀: L = 221 (200���245) ��m; a = 22.9 (22.5���23.3); b = 3.8 (3.6���3.9); c = 14 (13.3���14.5); c' = 3.2 (2.8���3.6); St = 20 ��m; V = 81 (80���83) Associated plant and locality: Rapeseed from North Khorasan (Baadl et al. 2010, 2012 [F]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Baadl, S., Mehdikhani Moghadam, E. & Rouhani, H. (2012) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes from rapeseed fields of North Khorasan province. Journal of Plant Protection, 26, 370 - 379. [in Persian]","Baadl, S., Mehdikhani Moghadam, E. & Rouhani, H. (2010) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes in rapeseed fields in North Khorasan province. Proceedings of 19 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tehran, Iran, 2010, 552."]}

Paratylenchus humilis Raski, 1975 Esmaeili & Heydari 2017: 10♀: L = 204 (183���225) ��m; a = 16.5 (15.0���18.8); b = 3.1 (3.0���3.3); c = 14.7 (13.1���18.8); c' = 1.9 (1.6���2.3); St = 17.4 (16.0���19.0) ��m; V = 82 (80���85) 2♂: L = 190, 200 ��m; a = 15.4, 15.8; c = 10.6, 13.3; c' = 2.0, 2.5; Spicules = 13, 14 ��m Associated plant and locality: Grapevine from Kermanshah (Esmaeili & Heydari 2 0 17 [F]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on pages 209-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Esmaeili, M. & Heydari, R. (2017) Some species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from vineyards in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6, 259 - 271."]}

Paratylenchus coronatus Colbran, 1965 Jahanshahi Afshar et al. 2006: 20♀: L = 386 (328���433) ��m; a = 24.9 (18.1���32.3); c = 12 (9.8���14.9); c' = 3.9 (2.8���6); St = 33.9 (26���40) ��m; V = 81 (78���84) 6♂: L = 373 (335���398) ��m; a = 33.6 (26.8���41.9); c = 13.2 (11���15.2); Spicules = 22.3 (20���24) ��m Gharakhani et al. 2007: 9♀: L = 341 (302���400) ��m; a = 28 (23.3���30.8); b = 3.6 (3.1���4.3); c = 14.1 (12.1���17.3); c' = 3.4 (2.8���3.9); St = 31.4 (28���34) ��m; V = 81 (80���83) 4♂: L = 303 (240���358) ��m; a = 31 (26.7���35.8); c = 12.7 (11.4���13.8); Spicules = 18.8 (16���22) ��m Ghaderi et al. 2014: 20♀: L = 391 (337���438) ��m; a = 25.5 (21.9���29.5); b = 4.1 (3.5���4.6); c = 15.9(12.0���21.6); c' = 3.0 (2.1���3.9); St = 31.5 (27.3���35.0) ��m; V = 81 (79���83) 2♂: L = 362, 385 ��m; a = 28.5, 29.6; c = 12.2, 12.8; Spicules = 18.6, 20.2 ��m Associated plants and localities: Field crops from Kerman (Aliramaji et al. 2006b), pomegranate, apricot, willow and cherry from Kerman (Jahanshahi Afshar et al., 2006 [F]), pomegranate and grapevine from Kerman (Gharakhani et al. 2007 [P]), rapeseed from North Khorasan (Baadl et al. 2010, 2012 [P]), forest trees, corn and turfgrass from Golestan, Khuzestan and Fars (Ghaderi et al. 2014 [P]), faba bean, lentil, bean and chickpea from Lorestan (Azizi & Karegar 2014), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on pages 208-209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Colbran, R. C. (1965) Studies of plant and soil nematodes. 10. Paratylenchus coronatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae), a pin nematode associated with citrus. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 22, 277 - 279.","Jahanshahi Afshar, F., Pourjam, E. & Kheiri, A. (2006) Tylenchs associated with Jiroft orchards and a description of four newly found species for the nematode fauna of Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 37, 529 - 543.","Gharakhani, A., Pourjam, E. & Karegar, A. (2007) Some plant parasitic nematodes (Criconematoidea and Longidoridae) in Kerman province orchards. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 43, 372 - 397.","Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2014) Contribution to the study of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 sensu lato (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 151 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.1","Aliramaji, F., Pourjam, E. & Karegar, A. (2006 b) Some tylenchids associated with pistachio and almond trees in Iran. Proceeding of IVth IS on Pistachio and Almonds. Acta Horticulture, 726, 659 - 666. https: // doi. org / 10.17660 / ActaHortic. 2006.726.114","Baadl, S., Mehdikhani Moghadam, E. & Rouhani, H. (2010) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes in rapeseed fields in North Khorasan province. Proceedings of 19 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tehran, Iran, 2010, 552.","Baadl, S., Mehdikhani Moghadam, E. & Rouhani, H. (2012) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes from rapeseed fields of North Khorasan province. Journal of Plant Protection, 26, 370 - 379. [in Persian]","Azizi, K. & Karegar, A. (2014) Plant parasitic nematodes of legume fields and their distribution in Lorestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 50, 219 - 235. [119 - 121, in Persian with English summary]"]}

Paratylenchus neoamblycephalus Geraert, 1965 (Fig. 3), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Geraert, E. (1965) The genus Paratylenchus. Nematologica, 11, 301 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529265 X 00221"]}

Paratylenchus microdorus Andr��ssy, 1959 Roushan-Bakhsh Ghanbari et al. 2015: 11♀: L = 338 (268���386) ��m; a = 23.6 (19.1���27.8); b = 4.0 (3.4���5.1); c = 17.0 (13.0���19.7); c' = 2.3 (1.7���3.6); St = 15.4 (13.0���17.0) ��m; V = 84 (82���86) Associated plant and locality: Ziziphus from Khuzestan (Roushan-Bakhsh Ghanbari et al. 2015 [F] [restudy]) Note. In the original description, females of this species have tails with pointed to subacute terminus (Andr��ssy 1959); the tail terminus was described as rounded in the Iranian population., Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Andrassy, I. (1959) Neue und wenig bekannte nematoden aus Jugoslawien. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 51, 259 - 275.","Roushan-Bakhsh Ghanbari, A., Pourjam, E. & Pedram, M. (2015) Four nematode species of the infraorder Tylenchomorpha (Nematoda: Tylenchina) from Khouzestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 51, 445 - 459. [in Persian with English summary]"]}

Tylenchulus graminis Inserra, Vovlas, O���Bannon & Esser, 1988 Associated plant and locality: Sugarcane from Khuzestan (Nasiri et al. 2012), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Inserra, R. N., Vovlas, N., O'Bannon, J. H. & Esser, R. P. (1988) Tylenchulus graminis n. sp. and T. palustris n. sp. (Tylenchulidae), from native flora of Florida, with notes on T. semipenetrans and T. furcus. Journal of Nematology, 20, 266 - 287.","Nasiri, M., Karegar, A., Taherkhani, K. & Moazen Rezamahaleh, H. (2012) Identification and distribution of the most important plant parasitic nematodes in the sugarcane fields of Khuzestan province, Iran. Abstracts of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 714."]}

Paratylenchus mexicanus Raski, 1975 Associated plants and localities: Tarragon and lettuce from East Azarbaijan (Jabbari et al. 2006, Jabbari & Niknam 2008), grapevine from West Azarbaijan (Ashrafi et al. 2012), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Jabbari, H., Niknam, G., Panahandeh, J. & Boland Nazar, S. (2006) Study on the biodiversity of plant parasitic nematodes (Criconematoidea Taylor, 1936) in vegetable fields of Tabriz. Proceedings of 17 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Karadj, Iran, 2006, 209.","Jabbari, H. & Niknam, G. (2008) SEM observations and morphometrics of the cabbage cyst nematode, Heterodera cruciferae Franklin, 1945, collected where Brassica spp. are grown in Tabriz, Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32, 253 - 262.","Ashrafi, M., Niknam, G. & Kheiri, A. (2012) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes fauna in rhizosphere soil of vineyards in Urmia. Proceedings of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 666."]}

Paratylenchus elachistus Steiner, 1949 Mirghasemi et al. 2016: 7♀: L = 343 (314-374) ��m; a = 25.7 (24.3-28.7); b = 4.0 (3.9-4.2); c = 14.4 (14.2-17.4); c' = 2.9 (2.2-3.7); St = 23.0 (22.0-26.6) ��m; V = 82 (81-83) 1♂: L = 302 ��m; Spicules = 12 ��m Associated plants and localities: Citrus from Mazandaran (Kheiri 1972), cereal and chickpea from Kermanshah (Barooti et al. 2000c), Tea from Gilan (Mirghasemi et al. 2014a, 2016 [F]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Steiner, G. (1949) Plant nematodes the grower should know. Proceedings of the Soil Science Society of Florida IU, B, 37 - 39.","Mirghasemi, S. N., Jamali, S., Seraji, A. & Pedramfar, H. (2016) Some plant parasitic nematodes of the infraorder Tylenchomorpha from tea plantations of Iran. Journal of Plant Protection, 30, 22 - 30.","Kheiri, A. (1972) Plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) from Iran. Biologisch Jaurboek Dodonaea, 40, 224 - 239.","Barooti, S., Kheiri, A. & Babajani, G. (2000 c) Three new records of plant parasitic nematodes of Tylenchida for Iran. Proceedings of 14 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Hamadan, Iran, 2000, 390.","Mirghasemi, S. N., Seraji, A. & Jamali, S. (2014 a) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes of tea populations (Camellia sinensis) in Iran. Proceedings of 21 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2014, 311."]}

Paratylenchus hamatus Thorne & Allen, 1950 Associated plants and localities: Citrus from south Iran (Abivardi 1970), fruit trees and vegetables (Nowruzi & Barooti 1997), undetermined plant from Boushehr (Saeidi Naeini et al. 2000) and Sistan & Baluchistan (Gol- Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002), alfalfa from Hamadan (Hasanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al. 2004, 2005), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Thorne, G. & Allen, M. W. (1950) Paratylenchus hamatus n. sp. and Xiphinema index n. sp., two nematodes associated with fig roots, with a note on Paratylenchus anceps Cobb. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 17, 27 - 35.","Nowruzi, R. & Barooti, S. (1997) Predatory and plant parasitic nematodes from Hormozgan province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 64, 14 - 16. [49 - 58, in Persian with English summary]","Saeidi Naeini, F., Barooti, S. & Karampour, F. (2000) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with fields and orchards in Boushehr province. Proceedings of 14 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Esfahan, Iran, 388.","Gol-Mohammadzadeh Khiaban, N. & Barooti, S. (2002) Fauna of the plant parasitic nematodes of Baluchistan region. Proceedings of 15 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Kermanshah, Iran, 2002, 309.","Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi, Z., Karegar, A. & Kheiri, A. (2004) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with alfalfa in Hamadan province. Proceedings of 16 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tabriz, Iran, 2004, 127.","Hassanzadeh Khalifehkandi, Z., Karegar, A. & Kheiri, A. (2005) Some species of order Tylenchida collected from alfalfa fields in Hamadan Province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 41, 257 - 262. [663 - 685, in Persian with English summary]"]}

Paratylenchus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) Oostenbrink, 1960 (Fig. 8) Syn: Procriconema straeleni De Coninck, 1931 Syn: Hemicycliophora straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) Loos, 1948 Syn: Gracilacus straeleni (De Coninck, 1931) Raski, 1976, Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["De Coninck, L. A. P. (1931) Sur trois especes nouvelles de nematodes libres trouves en Belgique. Bulletin du Musee royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique, 7, 1 - 5.","Oostenbrink, M. (1960) The family Criconematidae. In: Sasser, J. N. & Jenkins, W. R. (Eds.), Nematology. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, pp. 196 - 205.","Raski, D. J. (1976) Revision of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and descriptions of new species. Part III of three parts. Journal of Nematology, 8, 97 - 115."]}

Paratylenchus hamatus Thorne & Allen, 1950 Associated plants and localities: Citrus from south Iran (Abivardi 1970), fruit trees and vegetables (Nowruzi & Barooti 1997), undetermined plant from Boushehr (Saeidi Naeini et al. 2000) and Sistan & Baluchistan (Gol- Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti, 2002), alfalfa from Hamadan (Hasanzadeh Khalifehkandi et al. 2004, 2005)

Paratylenchus dianthus Jenkins & Taylor, 1956 (Fig. 2), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 209, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Jenkins, W. R. & Taylor, D. P. (1956) Paratylenchus dianthus, n. sp. (Nematoda, Criconematidae), a parasite of carnation. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 23, 124 - 127."]}

Paratylenchus paraperaticus Kashi, Karegar & Kheiri, 2009 Kashi et al. 2009: 60♀: L = 255–385 µm; a = 11.2–31.2; b = 2.2–4.1; c = 9–20.9; c' = 2.8–5.8; St = 75–96.5 µm; V = 71–83 1♂: L = 281 µm; a = 34.7; b = 4.2; c = 8.1; Spicules = 15.6 µm Ghaderi et al. 2014: 10♀: L = 298 (270–321) µm; a = 24.0 (18.5–27.5); b = 2.3(2.2–2.4); c = 11.6 (9.8–14.7); c' = 3.8 (3.1–4.4); St = 86.8 (73.4–95.2) µm; V = 77 (75–80) 4♂: L = 324 (308–347) µm; a = 34.0 (32.4–36.1); b = 4.1 (3.9–4.2); c = 9.9 (9.5–10.2); c' = 4.6 (4.0–5.2); Spicules = 16.2 (16.0–16.2) µm Associated plant and locality: Walnut from Hamadan (Kashi et al. 2009 [F], Ghaderi et al. 2014 [P])

Paratylenchus bukowinensis Micoletzky, 1922 Chitambar et al. 2001: 20♀: L = 525 (435���636) ��m; a = 21.2 (18���25); b = 4.6 (3.7���5.8); c = 13.7 (10.4���17.9); c' = 3 (2.3���3.8); St = 30 (26���33) ��m; V = 82 (81���84) Associated plants and localities: Lycium from Khuzestan (Chitambar et al. 2001 [F]), tea from Gilan and Mazandaran (Mirghasemi et al. 2014a), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Micoletzky, H. (1922) Die Freilebenden Erd-Nematoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, A, 87 (1921), 1 - 650.","Chitambar, J. J., Babajani, G. & Minasian, V. (2001) SEM observations and morphometrics of Hemicycliophora belemnis Germani & Luc, 1973 and Paratylenchus bukowinensis Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) from Iran. Nematology, 3, 743 - 751. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854101753625254","Mirghasemi, S. N., Seraji, A. & Jamali, S. (2014 a) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes of tea populations (Camellia sinensis) in Iran. Proceedings of 21 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2014, 311."]}

Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956 Associated plants and localities: Peanut from Alborz (Kheiri 1972), apple, corn, alfalfa, walnut, plum, cherry and peach from East Azarbaijan and Ardabil (Barooti 1998), undetermined plant from Sistan & Baluchistan (Gol- Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti 2002), pistachio from Kerman (Barooti & Hosseininejad 2004), almond from Chahar-mahal & Bakhtiari (Eshaghi et al. 2004, 2010), walnut from northern and central regions of Iran (Barooti 2006), wheat from Kohgiloyeh & Boyer-Ahmad (Abdollahi 2010), grapevine from West Azarbaijan (Ashrafi et al. 2012), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Kheiri, A. (1972) Plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) from Iran. Biologisch Jaurboek Dodonaea, 40, 224 - 239.","Barooti, S. (1998) The plant nematode fauna of cultivated soil of East-Azarbaijan, Ardabil and Moghan. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 66, 32 - 35. [79 - 98, in Persian with English summary]","Gol-Mohammadzadeh Khiaban, N. & Barooti, S. (2002) Fauna of the plant parasitic nematodes of Baluchistan region. Proceedings of 15 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Kermanshah, Iran, 2002, 309.","Barooti, S. & Hosseininejad, S. A. (2004) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes in some pistachio orchards in Kerman. Proceedings of 16 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tabriz, Iran, 2004, 377.","Eshaghi, R., Minassian, V. & Barooti, S. (2004) A survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with roots of almond trees in the Saman district, Charmohal & Bakhtiary province. Proceedings of 16 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tabriz, Iran, 2004395.","Eshaghi, R., Minassian, V. & Barooti, S. (2010) A survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with roots of almond trees in the Saman district, Charmohal va Bakhtiari province. Proceedings of 19 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tehran, Iran, 2010, 545.","Barooti, S. (2006) Identification of plant parasitic and predator nematodes fauna of walnut trees in north and central of Iran. Proceedings of 17 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Karadj, Iran, 2006, 320.","Abdollahi, M. (2010) Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with wheat in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Research, 48, 131 - 136.","Ashrafi, M., Niknam, G. & Kheiri, A. (2012) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes fauna in rhizosphere soil of vineyards in Urmia. Proceedings of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Shiraz, Iran, 2012, 666."]}

Paratylenchus paraperaticus Kashi, Karegar & Kheiri, 2009 Kashi et al. 2009: 60♀: L = 255���385 ��m; a = 11.2���31.2; b = 2.2���4.1; c = 9���20.9; c' = 2.8���5.8; St = 75���96.5 ��m; V = 71���83 1♂: L = 281 ��m; a = 34.7; b = 4.2; c = 8.1; Spicules = 15.6 ��m Ghaderi et al. 2014: 10♀: L = 298 (270���321) ��m; a = 24.0 (18.5���27.5); b = 2.3(2.2���2.4); c = 11.6 (9.8���14.7); c' = 3.8 (3.1���4.4); St = 86.8 (73.4���95.2) ��m; V = 77 (75���80) 4♂: L = 324 (308���347) ��m; a = 34.0 (32.4���36.1); b = 4.1 (3.9���4.2); c = 9.9 (9.5���10.2); c' = 4.6 (4.0���5.2); Spicules = 16.2 (16.0���16.2) ��m Associated plant and locality: Walnut from Hamadan (Kashi et al. 2009 [F], Ghaderi et al. 2014 [P]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 212, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Kashi, L., Karegar, A. & Kheiri, A. (2009) Paratylenchus paraperaticus sp. n. (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) found in the rhizosphere of walnut trees in Hamadan province, Iran. Nematology, 11, 641 - 647. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 138855409 X 12484336418166","Ghaderi, R., Kashi Nahanji, L. & Karegar, A. (2014) Contribution to the study of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 sensu lato (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). Zootaxa, 3841 (2), 151 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3841.2.1"]}

Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 Tanha Maafi & Kheiri 1991: 5 Mature ♀: L = 366 (346���380) ��m; a = 5.5 (4.6���6.7); b = 3 (2.6���3.2); St = 12 ��m; V = 87.6 (85���90.3) 5 Immature ♀: L = 274 (232���350) ��m; a = 16.7 (13.5���18.6); b = 2.9 (2.4���3.2); St = 11���14 ��m; V = 79 (76���81) 8 J 2: L = 332 (335���370) ��m; a = 31 (28.8���33.7); b = 3.3 (3.1���3.4) 8♂: L = 360 (342���390) ��m; a = 43.3 (43���43.7); Spicules = 14���15 ��m Rashidifard et al. 2015a: 6 Mature ♀: L = 274 (245���295) ��m; a = 3.8 (2.7���5.2); St = 14.3 (10���22) ��m 17 J 2: L = 286���345 ��m; a = 16.7���27.1; b = 2.8���4.5; St = 11���19 ��m 13♂: L = 305���391 ��m; a = 26.0���33.6; St = 7���11 ��m; Spicules = 17���22 ��m Rashidifard et al. 2015b: 15 Mature ♀: L = 277 (245���300) ��m; a = 5.6 (3.6���8.0); St = 14.7 (9.8���21.5) ��m 5 J 2: L = 304 (282���318) ��m; a = 23.9 (22.5���25.2); b = 3.1 (2.9���3.3); St = 13.3 (12.2���13.7) ��m 8♂: L = 325 (300���345) ��m; a = 30.6 (24.4���34.4); St = 9.4 (7.8���10.7) ��m; Spicules = 17.8 (14.7���19.6) ��m Associated plants and localities: Citrus from several localities including Fars and Khuzestan (Izadpanah & Saffarian 1968 [P]), Mazandaran (Katcho-Zuhair & Allow 1969, Kheiri 1972, Tanha Maafi 1993b), Khuzestan (Minassian & Moadab 1970), Fars, Khuzestan, Boushehr, Lorestan and Kohgiloyeh & Boyer-Ahmad (Sharaffeh 1970), Fars, Boushehr, Khuzestan and Kohgiloyeh & Boyer-Ahmad (Abivardi et al. 1970a), Fars (Abivardi et al. 1970b, Pakniyyat 2014), Hormozgan (Tanha Maafi & Kheiri 1989, 1991 [P], Nowruzi & Barooti 1997), Sistan & Baluchistan (Barooti et al. 2002, Gol-Mohammadzadeh Khiaban & Barooti 2002), Golestan (Salati et al. 2004), Boushehr (Nowruzi & Barooti 2001, Saeidi Naeini et al. 2000), Kerman (Jahanshahi Afshar et al. 2006), Mazandaran and Gilan (Tanha Maafi & Damadzadeh 2008, Divsalar et al. 2010, 2011, Chavoshi Sani et al. 2013, Nourizadeh et al. 2013, Nassaj Hosseini & Heydari 2014 [M]), Kohgiloyeh & Boyer-Ahmad (Salahi Ardakani et al. 2014), Kerman and Fars (Rashidifard et al. 2015a [F, M]). Also reported from some other plants including grapevine, persimmon and olive from Mazandaran (Tanha Maafi 1993a), olive from Kermanshah (Hosseininejad et al. 1997), date from Boushehr (Nowruzi & Barooti 2001) and pomegranate from Kerman (Rashidifard et al. 2015b [F, M])., Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on pages 222-223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Cobb, N. A. (1913) Notes on Mononchus and Tylenchulus. Journal of Washington Academy of Science, 3, 287 - 288.","Tanha Maafi, Z. & Kheiri, A. (1991) Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in Hormozgan province. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 27, 31 - 42. [in Persian]","Rashidifard, M., Shokoohi, E., Hoseinipour, A. & Jamali, S. (2015 a) Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) in Iran. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 10, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13314 - 014 - 0157 - 7","Rashidifard, M., Shokoohi, E., Hoseinpour, A. & Jamali, S. (2015 b) Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) on pomegranate in Iran. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 10, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13314 - 014 - 0157 - 7","Izadpanah, K. & Saffarian, A. (1968) Possible role of citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, in the citrus decline in southern Iran. Proceedings of the first national congress of plant protection of Iran, Karadj, Iran, 1968, 40 - 41.","Katcho-Zuhair, A. & Allow, J. M. (1969) Citrus root nematode in Iran. Plant Disease Reporter, 53, 84.","Kheiri, A. (1972) Plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) from Iran. Biologisch Jaurboek Dodonaea, 40, 224 - 239.","Tanha Maafi, Z. (1993 b) Distribution and importance of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in Mazandaran province. Proceedings of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Rasht, Iran, 1993, 221.","Minassian, V. & Moadab, H. (1970) The occurrence and distribution of the citrus root nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, in Khuzestan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 6, 5 - 7. [in Persian with English summary]","Sharaffeh, M. (1970) Distribution of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in southern Iran. Proceedings of 3 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Karadj, Iran, 1970, 247 - 248.","Abivardi, C., Izadpanah, K., Saffarian, A. & Sharafeh, M. (1970 a) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with citrus decline in southern Iran. Plant Disease Reporter, 54, 339 - 342.","Abivardi, C., Izadpanah, K. & Sharafeh, M. (1970 b) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with citrus decline in southern Iran. 3 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Karadj, Iran, 1970, 23 - 25.","Pakniyyat, M. (2014) Effective control of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) by individual canopy soil solarization of infected sweet orange trees. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 50, 79 - 93. [33 - 35, in Persian with English summary]","Tanha Maafi, Z. & Kheiri, A. (1989) Some species of plant parasitic nematodes of citrus in Hormozgan province. Proceedings of 9 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Mashhad, Iran, 1989, 180.","Nowruzi, R. & Barooti, S. (1997) Predatory and plant parasitic nematodes from Hormozgan province. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 64, 14 - 16. [49 - 58, in Persian with English summary]","Barooti, S., Tanha Maafi, Z., Kheiri, A. & Gol-Mohammadzadeh Khiaban, N. (2002) Fauna of plant parasitic nematodes of the south of Baluchistan, Iran. Proceedings of 15 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Kermanshahn, Iran, 2002, 304 - 305.","Gol-Mohammadzadeh Khiaban, N. & Barooti, S. (2002) Fauna of the plant parasitic nematodes of Baluchistan region. Proceedings of 15 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Kermanshah, Iran, 2002, 309.","Salati, M., Tanha Maafi, Z. & Kolasangiani, M. A. (2004) Distribution of citrus root nematode in Golestan province. Proceedings of 16 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tabriz, Iran, 2004, 341.","Nowruzi, R. & Barooti, S. (2001) Some predatory and plant parasitic nematodes from Bushehr Province, Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 68, 9 - 12. [143 - 154, in Persian with English summary]","Saeidi Naeini, F., Barooti, S. & Karampour, F. (2000) Plant parasitic nematodes associated with fields and orchards in Boushehr province. Proceedings of 14 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Esfahan, Iran, 388.","Jahanshahi Afshar, F., Pourjam, E. & Kheiri, A. (2006) Tylenchs associated with Jiroft orchards and a description of four newly found species for the nematode fauna of Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 37, 529 - 543.","Tanha Maafi, Z. & Damadzadeh, M. (2008) Incidence and control of the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, in the north of Iran. Nematology, 10, 113 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854108783360096","Divsalar, N., Jamali, S., Pedramfar, H. & Taheri, H. (2010) Status of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) in Guilan province. Proceedings of 19 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Tehran, Iran, 2010, 560.","Divsalar, N., Jamali, S., Pedramfar, H. & Taheri, H. (2011) Identification of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with the rhizosphere of citrus in east Gilan and west Mazandaran. Journal of Plant Protection, 25, 168 - 177. [in Persian]","Chavoshi Sani, M., Jamali, S., Taheri, H. & Khodaparast, A. (2013) Biological control of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) by antagonistic fungi. Plant Protection, 36, 75 - 89. [in Persian]","Nourizadeh, S., Jamali, S., Golmohammadi, M. & Pedramfar, H. (2013) Potential of actinomycetes in biological control of citrus nematode and some pathogenic fungi in in vitro condition. Applied Research in Plant Protection, 2, 41 - 51. [in Persian with English summary]","Nassaj Hosseini, S. M. & Heydari, R. (2014) Study of diversity and population genetic structure of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913) based on ribosomal DNA sequences. Abstracts of 21 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Urmia, Iran, 2014, 359.","Salahi Ardakani, A., Tanha Maafi, Z., Mokaram Hesar, A. & Mohammadi Goltappeh, E. (2014) Relationship between soil properties and abundance of Tylenchulus semipenetrans in citrus orchards, Kohgilouyeh va Boyerahmad province. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 16, 1699 - 1710.","Tanha Maafi, Z. (1993 a) The host range of the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) on perennial crop plants in Iran. ESN 21 st International Nematology Symposium, Albufeira, Portugal, 1993, 39.","Hosseininejad, S. A., Tanha Maafi, Z. & Barooti, S. (1997) Nematodes associated with olive trees (Olea europea L.) in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 65, 46 - 53. [in Persian]"]}

Paratylenchus leptos Raski, 1975 Esmaeili et al. 2016a: 10♀: L = 204 (180���225) ��m; a = 14.8 (12.8���16.9); b = 2.6 (2.2���3.1); c = 15.6 (12.5���18.8); c' = 1.8 (1.5���2.3); St = 20.4 (18���23) ��m; V = 78 (76���83) 3♂: L = 206 (195���223) ��m; a = 14.8 (13.0���17.2); c = 11.8 (10.8���13.3); Spicules = 17.0 (16���18) ��m Associated plant and locality: Grapevine from Kermanshah (Esmaeili et al. 2016a [F], Esmaeil & Heydari 2017), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Esmaeili, M., Heydari, R. & Ghaderi, R. (2016 a) Three species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Kermanshah province, western Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 5, 99 - 113.","Esmaeili, M. & Heydari, R. (2017) Some species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from vineyards in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6, 259 - 271."]}

Paratylenchus conicephalus van den Berg, Eskandari, Tiedet & Karegar, 2011 van den Berg et al. 2011: 17♀: L = 455 (365–501) µm; a = 20 (16.–22.8); b = 4.1 (3.5–4.3); c = 12.4 (10.2–18); c' = 4.1 (2.6–5.5); St = 32.5 (29.5–35) µm; V = 81 (79–83) Ghaderi & Karegar 2013: 11♀: L = 386 (361–409) µm; a = 23.7 (22.3–24.7); b = 3.9 (3.5–4.0); c = 15.4 (12.2–17.0); c' = 3.2 (2.8–3.7); St = 29.2 (27.8–31.2) µm; V = 80 (80–82) Associated plants and localities: Prangos ferulacea from Kurdistan (van den Berg et al. 2011 [F]), grapevine from Kurdistan (Ghaderi & Karegar 2013 [P], Ghaderi et al. 2012, 2014 [P])

Paratylenchus prunii Sharma, Sharma & Khan, 1986 Esmaeili & Heydari 2017: 10♀: L = 324 (290���343) ��m; a = 21.8 (20.3���23.2); b = 3.1 (3.0���3.5); c = 12.8 (10.7���17.5); St = 26.1 (24.0��� 28.0) ��m; V = 81 (79���83) 2♂: L = 275, 290 ��m; a = 19.3, 21.2; c = 12.6, 13.8; Spicules = 14, 15 ��m Associated plant and locality: Grapevine from Kermanshah (Esmaeili & Heydari 2 0 17 [F]), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Sharma, G. C., Sharma, N. K. & Khan, E. (1986) Two new species of genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Paratylenchinae) from Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Journal of Nematology, 16, 231 - 235.","Esmaeili, M. & Heydari, R. (2017) Some species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from vineyards in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6, 259 - 271."]}

Paratylenchus nawadus Khan, Prasad & Mathur, 1967 Associated plant and locality: Alfalfa from Kurdistan (Mofakheri et al. 2014), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Khan, E., Prasad, S. K. & Mathur, V. K. (1967) Two new species of the genus Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from India. Nematologica, 13, 79 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529267 X 00959","Mofakheri, Y., Bazgir, E. & Ghaderi, R. (2014) Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with alfalfa fields in Kurdistan province. Proceedings of 21 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Urmia, Iran, 2014, 49."]}

Paratylenchus lepidus Raski, 1975 Associated plants and localities: Field crops from Kerman (Aliramaji et al. 2006b), pistachio and almond from Kerman, Yazd and Fars (Aliramaji et al. 2006a), walnut from Gilan (Jalali Nasab & Heydari 2018), Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Aliramaji, F., Pourjam, E. & Karegar, A. (2006 b) Some tylenchids associated with pistachio and almond trees in Iran. Proceeding of IVth IS on Pistachio and Almonds. Acta Horticulture, 726, 659 - 666. https: // doi. org / 10.17660 / ActaHortic. 2006.726.114","Aliramaji, F., Pourjam, E. & Karegar, A. (2006 a) Identification of plant parasitic nematodes from order Tylenchida of some field crops in Jiroft and Kahnoj regions. 17 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. Uol. II. Plant diseases and weeds, Karadj, Iran, 2006, 485.","Jalali Nasab, P. & Heydari, R. (2018) First report of the genus Hoplotylus s'Jacob, 1960 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) and two species of the genus Malenchus Andrassy, 1968 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 8, 23 - 38."]}

Paratylenchus audriellus Brown, 1959 Syn: Gracilacus audriellus (Brown, 1959) Raski, 1962, Published as part of Ghaderi, Reza, Karegar, Akbar, Miraeiz, Esmaeil & Hesar, Abbas Mokaram, 2019, An updated and annotated checklist of the Tylenchulidae (Nematoda: Criconematoidea) of Iran, pp. 205-229 in Zootaxa 4545 (2) on page 207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618787, {"references":["Brown, G. L. (1959) Three new species of the genus Paratylenchus from Canada (Nematoda: Criconematidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 25, 1 - 8.","Raski, D. J. (1962) Paratylenchidae n. fam. with descriptions of five new species of Gracilacus n. g. and an emendation of Cacopaurus Thorne, 1943, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 and Criconematidae Thorne, 1943. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 29, 189 - 207."]}