1. Benzo[c]fluorene in Urban Air: HPLC Determination and Mutagenic Contribution Relative to Benzo[a]pyrene.
- Author
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Morisaki H, Nakamura S, Tang N, Toriba A, and Hayakawa K
- Subjects
- Acetonitriles chemistry, Air, Atmosphere, Beijing, Cities, Environmental Exposure prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring methods, Humans, Japan, Limit of Detection, Mutagens, Particulate Matter analysis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Risk Assessment, Seasons, Water chemistry, Air Pollutants analysis, Benzo(a)pyrene analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Fluorenes analysis
- Abstract
Benzo[c]fluorene (BcFE) concentrations in benzene/ethanol extracts of airborne particulates were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. HPLC conditions were as follows: columns, two ZORBAX Eclipse PAH (4.6 i.d. × 250 mm, 3.5 μm) and one Inertsil ODS-P (4.6 i.d. × 250 mm, 5 μm) in series; mobile phase, acetonitrile-water (98:2, v/v), 0.3 mL/min; detection wavelengths, excitation 309 nm, emission 354 nm. Particulate-phase BcFE concentrations in the atmosphere varied seasonally (winter > summer). The concentrations were 11000 ± 6100 pg m(-3) (winter) and 40 ± 12 pg m(-3) (summer) in Beijing, China, and 13 ± 5.0 pg m(-3) (winter) and 2.7 ± 0.52 pg m(-3) (summer), in Kanazawa, Japan. In both cities, the particulate-phase BcFE concentration in the atmosphere was lower than that of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) by a factor of 0.03 - 0.43. However, the mutagenic contribution of particulate-phase BcFE in the atmosphere in winter calculated from the mutagenicity relative potency factor was greater than that of BaP.
- Published
- 2016
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