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Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) was covalently attached onto poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) monosize beads for removal of bilirubin from hyperbilirubinemia human serum. PGMA beads were produced by dispersion polymerization (1.6 μm in diameter). CB loading was 1.73 mmol/g. Bilirubin adsorption experiments were performed by stirred-batch adsorption. The non-specific adsorption of bilirubin was low (0.4 mg/g polymer). CB attachment onto the PGMA beads significantly increased the bilirubin adsorption (241.5 mg/g) from aqueous solutions. The maximum bilirubin adsorption was observed at pH 6.0. With an increase of the aqueous phase concentration of sodium chloride, the adsorption amount of bilirubin decreased drastically. The equilibrium adsorption of bilirubin significantly increased with increasing temperature. Much higher adsorption values up to 332 mg bilirubin/g were achieved in the case of the PGMA/CB beads from human plasma.

WOS: 000246089000002, PubMed ID: 17222902, The aim of this study is to prepare cholesterol-imprinted polymeric particles. N-Methacryloyl-(L)-tyrosinemethylester (MAT) was chosen as the complexing monomer. In the first step, functional monomer MAT was synthesized by the reaction Of L-tyrosine methylester and methacryloyl chloride and characterized by FTIR and NMR. Then, cholesterol was complexed with MAT in different mol ratios and the cholesterol-imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacrylOyl-(L)-tyrosine methylester) [MIP] particles were synthesized by bulk polymerization. After that, the template molecules (i.e., cholesterol) were removed using chloroform. MIP particles were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, swelling tests and surface area measurements. Cholesterol adsorption experiments were performed in a batch experimental set-up. Adsorption medium was methanol or intestinal mimicking solution. Stigmasterol and estradiol were used as competing molecules in selectivity tests. Obtained results were as follows: swelling ratio of MIP and non-imprinted (NIP) particles were 60.8% and 44.1% in water. With the increase in the amount of MAT in the polymerization medium, incorporation of MAT was increased (16.6-78.0 mu mol/g). SEM photographs showed the surface roughness and porosity. Specific surface area of NIP and MIP particles were found as 19.2 and 31.5 m(2)/g, respectively. Template molecules (i.e., cholesterol) were removed from the polymer structure in the ratio of 76-84% of the initial concentration. Cholesterol adsorption increased with the increase in cholesterol concentration up to 1.5 mg/mL. MIP particles prepared using higher amounts of cholesterol exhibit significantly higher capacity to the NIP particles (i.e., control polymer). MIP particles were 3.09 and 3.60 times selective with respect to the stigmasterol and estradiol, respectively. Reusability of MIP particles was also investigated. MIP particles showed negligible loss in the cholesterol adsorption capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles with the same adsorbent

The aim of this study was to prepare Concanavalin A (Con A) immobilized magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (mPGMA) beads for prostate specific antigen (PSA) binding and to study binding capacities of the beads using lectin-glycoprotein interactions. Firstly, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and then, beads were synthesized by dispersion polymerization in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. Con A molecules were both covalently immobilized onto the beads directly and through the spacer arm (1,6-diaminohexane-HDMA). The total PSA and free PSA binding onto the mPGMA-HDMA-Con A beads were higher than that of the mPGMA-Con A beads. Maximum PSA binding capacity was observed as 91.2 ng/g. Approximately 45% of the bound PSA was eluted by using 0.1 M mannose as elution agent. The mPGMA-HDMA-Con A beads could be reused without a remarkable decrease in the binding capacities after 5 binding-desorption cycles. Serum fractions were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The mPGMA-HDMA-Con A beads could be useful for the detection of PSA and suggested as a model system for other glycoprotein biomarkers.

Interferons are potent biologically active proteins synthesized and secreted by somatic cells of all mammalian species. Dye-affinity adsorption is increasingly used for protein separation. Hollow fibers have several advantages as adsorbents in comparison to conventional bead supports because they are not compressible and they eliminate internal diffusion limitations. The aim of this study was to explore in detail the performance of polyamide hollow fibers to which Cibacron Blue F3GA was attached for adsorption of recombinant interferon-α (rHuIFN-α). The hollow fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. These dye-carrying hollow fibers (35.8 μmol/g) were used in the rHuIFN-α adsorption-elution studies. The effects of initial concentration of rHuIFN-α, medium pH, ionic strength and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of dye-attached hollow fibers were studied in a batch system. The non-specific adsorption of rHuIFN-α on the hollow fibers was 1.2 mg/g. Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment significantly increased the rHuIFN-α adsorption up to 99.8 mg/g. Significant amount of the adsorbed rHuIFN-α (up to 94.8%) was eluted in 1 h in the elution medium containing 1.0 M NaCl. In order to determine the effects of adsorption conditions on possible conformational changes of rHuIFN-α structure, fluorescence spectrophotometry was employed. We resulted that dye-affinity hollow fibers can be applied for rHuIFN-α adsorption without causing any significant conformational changes. Repeated adsorption/elution processes showed that these dye-attached hollow fibers are suitable for rHuIFN-α adsorption.

This study describes the application of an open tubular capillary column for chiral ligand-exchange separation and determination of malic acid enantiomers in apple juice by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). The open tubular column was prepared by in-situ grafting polymerization of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA-Cl) and followed by L-Histidine (L-His) modification. L-His was used as a chiral ligand-exchange selector and copper (II) as a central ion. The electrochromatographic characterization of the open tubular column was performed with the use of thiourea as an electroosmotic flow (EOF) marker. Factors affecting electrochromatographic enantioseparation of malic acid were also studied. The running buffer conditions for optimum enantioseparation of malic acid were found to be ACN/5.0mM CuSO4, 20.0mM (NH4)2SO4 (60/40%, v/v) adjusted to pH 3.0. The separation and determination of the enantiomers of malic acid in the apple juice solution diluted 10- to 40-folds were successfully achieved.

The selective binding of albumin on dye-affinity nanospheres was combined with magnetic properties as an alternative approach for albumin depletion from human plasma. Magnetic poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (mPHEMA) nanospheres were synthesized using mini-emulsion polymerization method in the presence of magnetite powder. The specific surface area of the mPHEMA nanospheres was found to be 1302 m2/g. Subsequent to Cibacron Blue F3GA (CB) immobilization onto mPHEMA nanospheres, a serial characterization processing was implemented. The quantity of immobilized CB was calculated as 800 μmol/g. Ultimately, albumin adsorption performance of the CB-attached mPHEMA nanospheres from both aqueous dissolving medium and human plasma were explored.

The preparation of affinity membranes for application in antibody purification studies is described here. Protein-A-attached poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-L-alanine) (PHEMAAL) membranes were produced by a photopolymerization technique and then characterized by swelling tests, surface area measurements, contact angle and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The water swelling ratio of the PHEMAAL membrane was 133.2%. PHEMAAL membranes have large pores with a size in the range of 5-10 μm. Protein A was covalently attached onto the PHEMAAL membranes via cyanogen bromide (CNBr) activation. Maximum protein A loading was 4.7 mg/g. There was a very low non-specific IgG adsorption onto the PHEMAAL membranes, about 0.38 mg/g. The maximum IgG adsorption on the PHEMAAL-protein A membrane was found to be 9.8 mg/g at pH 7.4 from aqueous solutions. Higher adsorption amount was observed from human plasma (up to 37.3 mg/g). Adsorbed IgG was eluted using 0.1 M glycine-HCl buffer (pH 3.5) with a purity of 93%. PHEMAAL-protein A membrane was used for repetitive adsorption/elution of IgG without noticeable loss in IgG adsorption amount after 10 cycles. The PHEMAAL-protein A membrane showed several advantages, such as simpler preparation procedure, good selectivity for IgG purification from human plasma and good stability throughout repeated adsorption-elution cycles.