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Summary: The potential prognostic influence of genetic aberrations on chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) can vary based on various factors, such as the immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) status. We conducted an integrative analysis on genetic abnormalities identified through cytogenetics and targeted next‐generation sequencing in 536 CLL patients receiving first‐line chemo(immuno)therapies (CIT) as part of two prospective trials. We evaluated the prognostic implications of the main abnormalities, with specific attention to their relative impact according to IGHV status. In the entire cohort, unmutated (UM)‐IGHV, complex karyotype, del(11q) and ATM mutations correlated significantly with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS). Focusing on the subset of mutated IGHV (M‐IGHV) patients, univariate analysis showed that complex karyotype, del(11q), SF3B1 and SAMHD1 mutations were associated with significant lower PFS. The prognostic influence varied based on the patient's IGHV status, as these abnormalities did not affect outcomes in the UM‐IGHV subgroup. TP53 mutations had no significant impact on outcomes in the M‐IGHV subgroup. Our findings highlight the diverse prognostic influence of genetic aberrations depending on the IGHV status in symptomatic CLL patients receiving first‐line CIT. The prognosis of gene mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities needs to be investigated with a compartmentalized methodology, taking into account the IGVH status of patients receiving first‐line BTK and/or BCL2 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telomere length in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is described as an independent prognostic factor based largely on previously untreated patients from chemotherapy based trials. Here, we studied telomere length associations in high-risk, relapsed/refractory CLL treated with alemtuzumab in the CLL2O study (n = 110) of German and French CLL study groups. Telomere length (median 3.28 kb, range 2.52-7.24 kb) was relatively short, since 84.4% of patients had 17p- which is generally associated with short telomeres. Median telomere length was used for dichotomization into short and long telomere subgroups. Telomere length was associated with s-TK (p = .025) and TP53 mutations (p = .050) in untreated patients, while no association with clinical/biological characteristics was observed in relapsed/refractory CLL. Short telomeres had significant association with shorter PFS (p = .018) only in refractory CLL. Presence of short telomeres, loss of genes maintaining genomic integrity (SMC5) and increased incidence of chromothripsis, indicated the prevalence of genomic instability in this high-risk cohort (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01392079). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents two case studies of a 59-year-old white male ex-smoker and 76-year-old white male ex-smoker both suffering from shortness of breathe and lung disease. It is mentioned that both were diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The article further adds that both developed pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and immune deficiency due to the lack of the treatment for CLL.

The mean age at diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is 72 years, with 22.8% of patients being older than 80 years. However, the elderly are underrepresented in clinical studies of CLL. We performed a retrospective study of CLL patients aged 80 years or older at the initiation of first-line therapy in hospitals affiliated with the French intergroup on CLL (French Innovative Leukemia Organization) between 2003 and 2013. Here, we describe the clinical and biological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes for 201 patients. The median age of the cohort was 83.2 years (80-92 years). The median Cumulative Index Rating Scale comorbidity score was 5 and the median creatinine clearance was 48 mL/min (Cockcroft-Gault formula). At treatment initiation, Binet stage was A (26.4%), B (27.9%), or C (40.3%). Therapy consisted mainly of chlorambucil (65.7%), bendamustine (10.5%), and rituximab (44.3%) as follows: chlorambucil alone (45.3%) or immunochemotherapy (48.3%) with rituximab + chlorambucil (22.7%), rituximab + bendamustine (10.4%), or rituximab + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone (5.5%). The overall response rate was 66.2% with 31.8% clinical complete remission. The median overall and progression-free survival from treatment initiation was 53.7 and 18.3 months, respectively. These results suggest that treatment is feasible in this age group, even with immunochemotherapy. Thus, prospective trials should target this population and oncogeriatric evaluation and new targeted therapies should be part of such future trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study investigates whether achieving complete remission ( CR) with undetectable minimal residual disease ( MRD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo- SCT) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) affects outcome. Methods We retrospectively studied 46 patients transplanted for CLL and evaluated for post-transplant MRD by flow cytometry. Results At transplant time, 43% of the patients were in CR, including one with undetectable MRD, 46% were in partial response, and 11% had refractory disease. After transplant, 61% of the patients achieved CR with undetectable MRD status. By multivariate analysis, reaching CR with undetectable MRD 12 months after transplant was the only factor associated with better progression-free survival ( P = 0.02) and attaining undetectable MRD, independently of the time of negativity, was the only factor that correlated with better overall survival ( P = 0.04). Conclusion Thus, achieving undetectable MRD status after allo- SCT for CLL is a major goal to improve post-transplant outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Norovirus infection is increasingly recognized as an important cause of persistent gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts and can be a potential cause of morbidity in these populations. Case presentation Here, we report a case of norovirus-related chronic diarrhea occurring in a 62-year-old immunocompromised patient treated with alemtuzumab for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite different therapeutic strategies including tapering of immunosuppressive therapy and immunoglobulin administration, diarrhea unfortunately did not resolve and lasted for a total of more than twelve weeks with prolonged norovirus fecal excretion. Conclusions Norovirus infection can occur in the setting of alemtuzumab treatment, even as a single agent, and should be included in the differential diagnoses of acute and chronic diarrhea in these immunocompromised patients. Although the administration of oral immunoglobulin has been described as a promising efficient therapy, this was not the case in our patient. Clinical trials are thus clearly warranted to better define risk factors and efficient therapies for norovirus infection in immunocompromised populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Extramedullary chronic lymphocytic leukemia: systematic analysis of cases reported between 1975 and 2012" by M. Ratterman, and colleagues in the 2014 issue.