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Lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are prevalent worldwide, with high mortality rates. There are many pathways involved in the development of these diseases; if targeted, the conditions may be prevented and/or improved. Although current pharmacotherapies are available to treat various lung diseases, none act on all stages of disease progression. In recent years, plant-derived medicines have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents for a variety of diseases. The in vitro effects of plant-derived bioactive agents such as resveratrol, quercetin, and liquorice for the treatment of asthma, COPD, and lung cancer, as well as their potential for translation into in vitro and clinical settings, are included in this review. Furthermore, the challenges associated with phytoconstituents delivery using conventional drug delivery systems is a significant challenge owing to their poor solubility, gastrointestinal degradation, poor bioavailability, poor drug loading as well as poor targeting. To overcome such challenges, various novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been developed by the researchers and in this review some of them including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid-liquid nanoparticles, are discussed. The literature reviewed in this manuscript suggests that plant-derived bioactive nanoparticles may have a promising potential as targeted therapeutic agents for lung diseases. Hence, understanding their in vitro fate is essential for their successful development and translation into clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accounts as the leading cause of mortality worldwide prominently affected by genetic and environmental factors. The disease is characterized by persistent coughing, breathlessness airways inflammation followed by a decrease in forced expiratory volume1 and exacerbations, which affect the quality of life. Determination of genetic, epigenetic, and oxidant biomarkers to evaluate the progression of disease has proved complicated and challenging. Approaches including exome sequencing, genome‐wide association studies, linkage studies, and inheritance and segregation studies played a crucial role in the identification of genes, their pathways and variation in genes. This review highlights multiple approaches for biomarker and gene identification, which can be used for differential diagnosis along with the genome editing tools to study genes associated with the development of disease and models their function. Further, we have discussed the approaches to rectify the abnormal gene functioning of respiratory tissues and various novel gene editing techniques like Zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALEN), and clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]