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There is a strong evidence for an association between exposure to particulate air pollution (PAP) and several chronic diseases including kidney diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of the flavon chrysin on the adverse effects of a common PAP (viz, diesel exhaust particle, DEP) in rats with adenine - induced chronic kidney disease. Rats were divided into 8 groups: control (C), adenine (0.25% in feed), DEP (0.5 mg/kg), chrysin (100 mg/kg), and different combinations with these agents, given daily for 35 consecutive days. Thereafter, urine, plasma, lungs and kidneys were collected and used in various physiological, biochemical, histopathological and histochemical measurements. Adenine lowered body weight, and increased water intake, relative kidney weight and urine output. It decreased creatinine clearance and elevated the plasma concentrations of some inflammatory cytokines, urea, creatinine, nitrite, nitrate and neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin activity, as well as the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, uric acid and phosphorus. In urine, adenine increased the albumin and endothelin /creatinine ratio, kidney injury molecule and N-Acetylbeta- D-glucosaminidase activity. Renal histopathological markers of inflammation and fibrosis were significantly increased, and renal activities of oxidative stress indices were all reduced. Concomitant treatment with adenine and DEP exacerbated the histological pulmonary and renal damage and some, but not all, biochemical induces caused by either agent. Chrysin treatment significantly abrogated most of adenine and adenine +DEP actions, suggesting that, pending further pharmacological and toxicological studies, it may be a useful supplement in CKD patients, especially those exposed to air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]