Search

En este trabajo se evalúa la relación entre la asimetría fluctuante facial (AFF) y los tratamientos hormonales, cirugías maxilofaciales, ortodoncia, traumatismos y malformaciones. En el marco del proyecto CANDELA, se tomaron cinco fotografías faciales de 3162 voluntarios entre los 18 y 85 años. Por fotogrametría se colocaron 34 landmarks o puntos en 3D y mediante el método Procrustes ANOVA se obtuvieron valores individuales de asimetría fluctuante facial. Se realizó una prueba de ANOVA de una vía y la prueba de Welch y Levene para conocer las diferencias entre media y varianza de los valores de asimetría facial y las variables respuesta. También, se caracterizó la variación morfológica del componente asimétrico de la forma facial mediante técnicas multivariadas sobre los grupos que resultaran diferentes significativamente. Las mujeres que reportaron haber recibido algún tipo de tratamiento hormonal mostraron mayores valores de asimetría fluctuante facial respecto al grupo sin tratamiento. Esta asociación se mantuvo una vez removido el efecto de la heterocigosidad (como indicador de la ancestría) y sin interactuar con el resto de covariables incluidas en el análisis. Los cambios morfológicos asociados a este factor se concentran en el mentón, maxilar labio inferior, región perifrontal, región nasal y orejas. Algunos trabajos anteriores dieron cuenta de la posible relación entre la asimetría facial y los niveles de hormonas, pero no hay estudios que sustenten la relación causal o directa entre la asociación aquí planteada. El presente trabajo es una evidencia más de la asociación entre el consumo de hormonas y modificaciones de caracteres faciales en poblaciones urbanas mestizas latinoamericanas., In this work we test for the putative association between facial fluctuating asymmetry (FFA) and hormone treatments, maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, injuries, and malformations. A protocol of five photographs and photogrammetric reconstruction was implemented to place thirty-four 3D landmarks in 3162 individuals aged between 18 and 85 years, belonging to the CANDELA initiative. A Procrustes ANOVA test was used to obtain individual facial fluctuating asymmetry scores. One way ANOVA, Welch, and Levene tests were conducted to explore the potential differences between mean and variance of the response variables. Our results indicate that women who received some hormonal treatment showed higher fluctuating facial asymmetry scores in relation to the unaffected group, this being persistent once the effects of heterozygosity (genetic ancestry) and further variables had been statistically controlled. The shape changes corresponding to this association are focused on the chin, jaw, lower lip, prefrontal region, nose, and ears. Previous reports suggested a potential relationship between facial asymmetry and hormone levels, but to the best of our knowledge there are no reports indicating the causation underlying the association detected here. This report is one more evidence of the association between hormone intake and facial asymmetric features in urban admixed Latin American populations., Asociación de Antropología Biológica de la República Argentina

Objective A noticeably well‐preserved ∼12.500 years‐old skeleton from the Hoyo Negro cave, Yucatán, México, was recently reported, along with its archaeological, genetic and skeletal characteristics. Based exclusively on an anatomical description of the skull (HN5/48), Chatters and colleagues stated that this specimen can be assigned to a set of ancient remains that differ from modern Native Americans, the so called “Paleoamericans”. Here, we aim to further explore the morphological affinities of this specimen with a set of comparative cranial samples covering ancient and modern periods from Asia and the Americas. Methods Images published in the original article were analyzed using geometric morphometrics methods. Shape variables were used to perform Principal Component and Discriminant analysis against the reference samples. Results Even thought the Principal Component Analysis suggests that the Hoyo Negro skull falls in a subregion of the morphospace occupied by both “Paleoamericans” and some modern Native Americans, the Discriminant analyses suggest greater affinity with a modern Native American sample. Discussion These results reinforce the idea that the original population that first occupied the New World carried high levels of within‐group variation, which we have suggested previously on a synthetic model for the settlement of the Americas. Our results also highlight the importance of developing formal classificatory test before deriving settlement hypothesis purely based on macroscopic descriptions. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:514–521, 2015. Fil: de Azevedo, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Bortolini, Maria Catira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Bonatto, Sandro Luis. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Santos, Fabricio R.. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: González José, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina

Objectives: The head can be used as a model to study complex phenotypes controlled simultaneously by morphological integration (MI) due to common factors, and modular patterns caused by local factors affecting the development and functional demands of specific structures. The fibroblast growth factor and receptor system (FGF/ FGFR) participates in cell communication and pattern formation in osseous tissues, among others, and there is compel- ling evidence from mouse model studies suggesting a role of the FGF/FGFR pathway as a covariance-generating signal- ing process in head development. Here we use human data to test if specific genetic variants of another gene of this pathway, the FGFR1 gene, can be associated with differences in the integration of the head. Methods: We explored whether and how three specific variants on FGFR1, previously associated with human cephalic index, influence the pattern and level of head integration of one Native American and one admixed group from Mexico. MI, measured as the intensity of covariation among head traits, was assessed using data from three- dimensional head landmark coordinates taken on 176 individuals. Results: Individuals carrying the derived allele of the rs4647905:G>C polymorphism present significantly greater levels of head MI, especially in facial structures and on the shape space where the modular portion of the covariation is explicitly removed. Conclusions: Since FGFR genes present nonconservative and tissue-specific splicing sites, they may have some effect on protein structure and performance likely involved in developmental processes responsible for the magnitude and pattern of MI in the human head. Fil: Hünemeier, Tabita. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Gómez Valdés, Jorge. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina; México Fil: de Azevedo, Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Quinto Sanchez, Mirsha Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Passaglia, Luciane. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Salzano, Francisco M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Sánchez Mejorada, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina; México Fil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia; México Fil: Martínez Abadías, Neus. EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG); España Fil: Bortolini, Maria Catira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Gonzalez José, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina

Objectives: The polymorphic site rs4647905 of the FGFR1 gene was previously associated with a decrease in cephalic index (CI). Here, we evaluate the relationships between genotypes and cephalometric measurements and indices in one Mexican Native and two mestizo Mexican populations using two haplotype-tag SNPs (rs4647905 and rs3213849) that represent >85% of the FGFR1 variability, plus three other SNPs (rs2293971, rs2304000, and rs930828) situated nearby. In addition, we genotyped five South American natives, two European, one African, and one Siberian populations to evaluate their intra and intercontinental population diversity. Methods: The five SNPs were tested and the craniofacial measurements and indices were collected using standardized procedures. Principal Component Analysis was used to verify individual/population comparisons. Associations were performed through the generalized linear model (GLM), coefficient of determination R2 and linear regression tests. Results: We found a tendency for a decrease in CI in individuals homozygous for allele rs4647905C, regardless of the population to which they belong, though the effect is more pronounced in mestizo. When the GLM analyses were performed using the absolute/linear cephalometric measurements, a statistically significant association was found between four SNPs and head length in the mestizo population. Conclusions: FGFR1 polymorphisms, especially rs4647905, can have an important role in the normal human skull variation, primarily due to their influence in head length, which would affect other cephalometric absolute/linear measures as well as indices like CI as a result of the pervasive nature of the morphological integration that characterizes the human skull. Fil: Gomez Valdes, Jorge. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Anatomía. Laboratorio de Antropología Física; México Fil: Hünemeier, Tábita. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Contini, Verónica. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia; México. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; México Fil: Macin, Gastón. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia; México Fil: Ballesteros Romero, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia E Historia; México Fil: Corral, Pau. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España Fil: Ruiz Linares, Andres . University College London; Estados Unidos Fil: Sanchez Mejorada, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Anatomía. Laboratorio de Antropología Física; México Fil: Canizales Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Anatomía. Laboratorio de Antropología Física; México. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; México Fil: Martínez Abadías, Neus . Centre de Regulació Genòmica; España Fil: Salzano, Francisco M.. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Gonzalez Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentina Fil: Bortolini, Maria Catira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil