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Tayassu pecari is widely distributed across the Neotropical region, from northern Argentina to south-eastern Mexico. However, its fossil record is scarce; it is recorded since the middle Pleistocene to Holocene in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. This paper aims to: (1) update the systematic synonymy of this species; (2) review and update its geographic chronologic distribution and provide a new Lujanian record of Tayassu pecari in Buenos Aires Province and (3) discuss the paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographical implications of this record. Considering the quantitative analysis performed, the fossil here recorded clearly integrates the group of Tayassu pecari. This specimen corresponds to the first record of Tayassu pecari in the central-northern region of the Buenos Aires Province. During Late Pleistocene, Tayassu pecari was distributed southern to its recent range, probably evidencing different paleoenvironment conditions. This species is the better adapted peccary to tropical and subtropical rainforests, but may also be present in arid environments. Consequently, Tayassu by itself is insufficient to infer the prevailing environmental conditions. However, according to the fauna associated with the specimen described here, it is possible to infer an open or semi-open and arid or semi-arid environment for the central-northern Buenos Aires region by Late Pleistocene times. Fil: Gasparini, Germán Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina Fil: Rodriguez, Sergio Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina Fil: Soibelzon, Leopoldo Héctor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina Fil: Beilinson, Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; Argentina Fil: Soibelzon, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina Fil: Velloso Missagia, Rafaela. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil

The Caviidae (Rodentia) are taxonomically diverse caviomorphs. Their fossil record is abundant and their oldest representatives date back to the middle/late Miocene. The genus Galea MEyEn includes small-sized species, exclusively distributed in South America. In this work we describe new remains of Galea (Rodentia, Caviidae) from the Toropí Formation (late Pleistocene, ca. 52 ka) of Corrientes Province, Argentina, and discuss the paleobiogeography of late Pleistocene species. The remains consist of a partial maxillary with complete P4-M3 dental series, anterior portion of the zygomatic arches, one associated left upper incisor, and one isolated left P4. Anatomical differences in relation to the remaining recognized species, differences in temporal and latitudinal distribution, as well as in the taxonomic composition of faunas associated to extinct species of Galea, suggest that it corresponds to a new species related to Galea tixiensis. The presence of this taxon in the late Pleistocene sediments of Corrientes Province represents a new element to characterize the complex biological dynamics of this region during much of the Pleistocene; in this area, intertropical elements co-occurred with typical Pampean-Patagonian taxa, and conditions could have eventually promoted differentiation of endemic species. Fil: Francia, Analia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Carlini, Alfredo Armando. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina Fil: Verzi, Diego Hector. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Se da a conocer el primer registro fósil de Tayassu pecari (Link) en la Argentina, consistente en premolares y molares aislados provenientes de sedimentos de la Fm. Yupoí (Pleistoceno tardío), en la provincia de Corrientes. Desde una perspectiva paleoambiental, la presencia de este taxón (adaptado fundamentalmente a climas húmedos y ambientes boscosos y selváticos) en la Fm. Yupoí, junto con otras evidencias paleofaunísticas (registros de Dolichotis, Tolypeutes y Galea en la Fm. Toropí, y Toxodon en la Formación Yupoí) y sedimentológicas, apoya la hipótesis de condiciones cimático- ambientales algo más húmedas que las inferidas para la Fm. Toropí (Pleistoceno medio). El desarrollo de climas más cálidos y húmedos durante la sedimentación de la Fm. Yupoí habría favorecido el ingreso de elementos brasílicos a la Mesopotamia, probablemente durante el último interglacial. Esto concuerda con la información paleofaunística obtenida por diversos autores para otros sectores de la Mesopotamia, el sector occidental de Uruguay y el sur de Brasil., The first fossil record of Tayassu pecari (Link) in Argentina is reported, represented by isolated molars and premolars from the Yupoí Formation (late Pleistocene), Corrientes Province. From a palaeoenvironmental point of view, the presence of this taxon (mainly adapted to humid climate and woodland and forest environments) in the Yupoí Formation, together with other paleofaunistic remains (Dolichotis, Tolypeutes and Galea Meyen in the Toropí Formation, and Toxodon in the Yupoí Formation) as well as sedimentological evidences, supports the hypothesis of more humid climatic conditions than those inferred in the Toropí Formation (middle Pleistocene). The development of warmer and humid weather during the sedimentation of the Yupoí Formation may have allowed migration of “brazilian” faunas to the Mesopotamia, probably during the last interglacial (ca. 130 ka). This hypothesis is supported by the palaeofaunistic evidence obtained by other authors in other areas of the Argentine Mesopotamia, western Uruguay and southern Brazil., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Using species of the genus Sclerocalyptus Ameghino, 1891, found in Argentina and considered valid, the authors recognize: (1) four species for the Ensenadan stage (Late Pliocene-Middle Pleistocene): S. pseudornatus (Ameghino), restricted to Buenos Aires province; S. ornatus (Owen), recorded at Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santa Fe provinces; S. perfectus (Gervais and Ameghino) in Buenos Aires and Santiago del Estero provinces; and S. cordubensis (Ameghino), endemic to west-central Córdoba province; (2) a single species for the Bonaerian stage (Middle-Late Pleistocene), S. migoyanus, restricted to the Buenos Aires province; and (3) Lujanian taxa (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) represented by Sclerocalyptus cf. S. heusseri (Ameghino), distributed in Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Tucumán, Corrientes, and Santa Fe provinces, and S. evidens (Ameghino) in Salta province. From a paleoenvironmental standpoint, the Sclerocalyptus species show adaptations to arid-semiarid and cold environments, such as strong development of the fronto-nasal sinuses, a characteristic that probably appeared during the Sanadresian-Ensenadan. Sclerocalyptus is not frequent in those areas in which relatively more humid and warm climates than those inferred for the Pampean region and central northern Argentina (e.g. Mesopotamia, west of Uruguay, south of Brazil) prevailed during the Quaternary. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Fil: Zurita, Alfredo Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina Fil: Scillato, Gustavo Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina Fil: Carlini, Alfredo Armando. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de la Plata; Argentina