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The rate of construction of nuclear reactors in the world that supply energy, the geopolitical situation such as with North Korea, Iran, and the rising tensions between the world powers raise the question of whether and when a large nuclear incident xviii occur. However, after examining several references scenarios for dealing with civil nuclear events and compering them to data obtained from interviews, a careful analysis of previous events, and investigating accidents, it is clear that the current models cannot deal properly ivith those events. The current plans for coping with nuclear accidents address only partial aspects of disaster management, do not offer accurate description of unfolding events, ignore newly obtain scientific data, and ignore the human factor in decision making level. The current paper will review why Reference Scenario to nuclear incidents accepted currently in various countries around the world are not up to date and shed light on the most critical aspect in proper nuclear disaster management--rational thinking pattern. The suggested model presented at this article, ONDM, is an innovative new mechanism and a more effective preparedness mechanism for nuclear disaster, as it takes under consideration past mistakes and provides tools for leaders to make informed decisions under conditions of uncertainty Keywords: Disaster Preparedness, ONDM, Nuclear Event, Risk analysis assessment, Civil defense., 1. Introduction Nuclear disaster preparedness is an aspect that caught the attention of the world after the Fukushima disaster in 2011, when it was discovered that despite the design of [...]

The current article describes research about large nuclear events that occurred around the world, key failures that led to defective handling, presents the need f or better preparedness than currently exists and how this can be provided using the ONDM model. The Operational Nuclear Defense Model - ONDM is a model that can be applied to cope with nuclear disasters around the world at a policy making level in the area of CBRNE Defense (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive materials). In this case, a nuclear event refers to a large scale nuclear incident rated at the highest level (6-7 in the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale - INES) caused by bombing, malfunction, terrorist act or natural disaster that demands treatment and a public response on a governmental level. A study of previous incidents teaches us that there were recurring failures in dealing with nuclear events, and even reveals that lessons have not yet been learned from past events and current preparedness for future events is lacking. This in contrast to a greater need for preparedness in these tense times. This research revealed critical failures, which are responded to in the developed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]