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The paper purpose was to assess the impact of climate change on wheat, maize and sunflower yield in the period 2017-2021, using statistical data from National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and National Administration of Meteorology (NAM) and other sources. Comparison method was used to evaluate the deviations between the registered air temperatures and precipitations and the 1981-2010 climatological norm. Graphic method reflected the dynamics of monthly air temperatures and rainfalls in each year. Descriptive statistics for mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation reflected an more comprehensive image upon air temperature, precipitations and yield. Correlations and regression equations were used to establish the intensity of the kinks between climate factors and yield. The highest average air temperature In Romania was 12.130C in 2019. In the period 2017-2020, the average annual temperatures exceeded the climatological norm 1981-2010 accounting for 9.10C. The lowest rainfalls, 614.2 mm, were recorded in 2019, being below of 633.1 mm the norm for the period 1981-2010. The high temperatures associated with drought and low precipitations have deeply affected yield of many agricultural crops, including maize, wheat and sunflower. The highest wheat yield 4,888 kg/ha was achieved in 2017, and the lowest one, 2,966 kg/ha in 2020. Maize registered the highest performance of 7,644 kg/ha in 2018, and the lowest one, 3,977 kg/ha in 2020. Sunflower carried out the high performance 3,041 kg/ha in 2018, and the lowest one, 1,858 kg/ha in 2020. The worst agricultural years for these three crops was 2020, but 2017 favored wheat, while 2018 favored maize and sunflower. The correlation coefficient had in general small values between average temperature and yield, but a higher link with precipitations level. The multiple correlation between yield, air temperatures and precipitations was: r= 0.817 for wheat, r = 0.116 for maize and r = 0.504 for sunflower. In the South Eastern Dobrogea, the driest area in Romania, the rainfalls declined by 65% in the period 2018-2020 having a deep negative impact on sunflower seeds yield, which decreased from 4,282 kg/ha in 2018, to 1,503 kg/ha in 2020. The correlation between precipitations and sunflower yield positive and very strong (r = 0.737). As a conclusion, the climate conditions should be analyzed in each farm and farmers have to take measure to adapt the technologies for sustaining production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize is a staple food worldwide, and the issues of growing it in current drought-oriented scenario of climate change rise challenges in agricultural practices, especially for the rainfed agriculture that is widely extended in Romania. The current paper presents the results of a field research conducted during 2017 and 2018 at Moara Domnească Didactic Farm, located in Southeastern Romania, aiming to highlight the influence of technological factors, as fertilization and hybrid, on maize yield recorded in rainfed conditions. Rainfalls capitalization by the maize crop shows yield increases between 25.2 kg and 37.8 kg grains per mm rainfalls, depending on hybrid and fertilization rates. The highest yield is recorded by the hybrid DKC 5086 (8512,7 kg/ha) at the fertilization level N80P40. Yield growth generated by mineral fertilization recorded an average value for the researched hybrids of 14.1 kg per kg of nitrogen applied and of 9.1 kg per kg of phosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yield and quality are affected by several plant characters, environment and cultural practices. The researches were performed during the 2018-2020, in the experimental field of NARDI Fundulea and the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sowing date, plant density and climatic conditions on the yield and quality of maize. The experience comprised three different sowing dates (I - April 1, II - April 15 and III- May 1), using three maize hybrids (Iezer, Mostistea and F423) and three plant density (50 000, 60 000 and 70 000 plants/per hectare). The annual rainfall varied from year to year and the maximum production and quality of maize was maximized from medium plant density and earlier sowing dates, depending on the hybrid. The early sowing date led to increase of quality values, which was depending on climatic conditions. The results showed that yield and quality from maize was very significantly affected by year conditions, sowing date, plant density and hybrids, as well as by most interactions between these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]