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2. The position paper of the Polish Society of Allergology on climate changes, natural disasters and allergy and asthma
- Author
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Piotr Kuna, Cezary Pałczyński, Tomasz Wittczak, Ewa Jassem, Anna Bręborowicz, and Izabela Kupryś-Lipińska
- Subjects
lcsh:Internal medicine ,Allergy ,climate changes ,Microclimate ,Climate change ,Dermatology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Extreme weather ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental protection ,Environmental health ,lcsh:Dermatology ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,Natural disaster ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Asthma ,Review Paper ,business.industry ,Global warming ,lcsh:RL1-803 ,asthma ,allergy ,medicine.disease ,natural disasters ,030228 respiratory system ,Position paper ,business - Abstract
The observed global climate change is an indisputable cause of the increased frequency of extreme weather events and related natural disasters. This phenomenon is observed all over the world including Poland. Moreover, Polish citizens as tourists are also exposed to climate phenomena that do not occur in our climate zone. Extreme weather events and related disasters can have a significant impact on people with allergic diseases, including asthma. These effects may be associated with the exposure to air pollution, allergens, and specific microclimate conditions. Under the auspices of the Polish Society of Allergology, experts in the field of environmental allergy prepared a statement on climate changes, natural disasters and allergy and asthma to reduce the risk of adverse health events provoked by climate and weather factors. The guidelines contain the description of the factors related to climate changes and natural disasters affecting the course of allergic diseases, the specific microclimate conditions and the recommendations of the Polish Society of Allergology for vulnerable population, patients suffering from asthma and allergy diseases, allergologists and authorities in the event of climate and weather hazards.
- Published
- 2018
3. Introduction to Invited Papers on Climate Change
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S. Trivikrama Rao
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Extreme weather ,Geography ,Climate Change ,Climatology ,Scientific consensus ,Climate change ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
S. Trivikrama Rao, Ph.D.There is scientific consensus that climate change has been contributing to rising surface temperatures, changing weather pattens, and extreme weather events leading to extre...
- Published
- 2021
4. Influence of climate change and extreme weather events on an estuarine fish community.
- Author
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Ilarri M, Souza AT, Dias E, and Antunes C
- Subjects
- Animals, Estuaries, Fishes, Floods, Introduced Species, Weather, Climate Change, Extreme Weather
- Abstract
Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent as a result of climate change, and the increasing frequency of these events may lead to significant changes in fish assemblages. In this sense, this work aimed to study the effects of climate change and extreme weather events on fish assemblages in the Rio Minho estuary (Portugal). Between 2010 and 2019, continuous weekly sampling with fyke nets was carried out to assess the dynamics of fish assemblages in the estuary. In addition, temperature and precipitation data were obtained from satellite information to assess the relationship between climatic variables and fish composition, structure, and diversity. Fish populations changed significantly over time, becoming less diverse and largely dominated by a few, mostly invasive species (e.g., carp, goldfish, pumpkinseed, and tench), while the abundance of most native species declined over the years (e.g., panjorca, stickleback, and shad). High temperatures and low precipitation negatively affected native species, while the invasive species benefited from increased temperatures and extreme weather events (droughts and floods)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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5. CLIMATE CHANGE VISUALIZATION AWARENESS SYSTEM.
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KULEMEKA, PATRICIA and CHATOLA, FANNY
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DATA visualization ,EXTREME weather ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,AWARENESS ,AUGMENTED reality ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
As the global community faces the escalating challenges posed by climate change, there is an increasing need for innovative tools that enhance public awareness and understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of environmental shifts. This paper introduces a Climate Change Visualization Awareness System (CCVAS), designed to bridge the gap between scientific data and public comprehension through immersive and accessible visualizations. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies, including augmented reality, interactive mapping, and data analytics, CCVAS provides users with real-time and historical insights into key climate indicators such as temperature variations, sea level rise, and extreme weather events. The CCVAS employs a user-centric approach, tailoring information to diverse audiences and promoting engagement through intuitive interfaces. Community engagement features facilitate collaborative efforts among users, enabling the sharing of experiences, knowledge, and initiatives aimed at addressing climate change challenges at the local and global levels. Users will be able to participate in discussions, organize events, and access community-driven resources within the CCVAS platform. Personalized user profiles enable individuals to customize their climate change experience within CCVAS, tailoring content and visualizations to their specific interests, expertise, and geographical locations. By providing personalized recommendations, alerts, and action plans based on user preferences and behavior, CCVAS will empower individuals to take meaningful steps towards climate resilience and sustainability in their daily lives. This paper outlines the architecture, functionality, and potential applications of the Climate Change Visualization Awareness System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Historical perspective of climate change in sustainable livelihoods of coastal areas of the Red River Delta, Nam Dinh, Vietnam
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Tran, Thi Kieu Van, Elahi, Ehsan, Zhang, Liqin, Magsi, Habibullah, Pham, Quang Trung, and Hoang, Tuan Minh
- Published
- 2019
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7. Quantifying crop vulnerability to weather-related extreme events and climate change through vulnerability curves.
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Monteleone, Beatrice, Borzí, Iolanda, Bonaccorso, Brunella, and Martina, Mario
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HIGH-income countries ,CLIMATE extremes ,CLIMATE change ,EXTREME weather ,MIDDLE-income countries - Abstract
Weather extremes have been responsible for widespread economic damage at global scale in the last decades. Agriculture alone absorbed 26% of the overall impact caused by natural hazards in low- and middle-income countries and even in high-income countries yield losses due to extreme weather are relevant. Vulnerability curves are traditionally used to quickly estimate the damage due to extreme events. This study maps the articles published from January 2000 to May 2022 implementing crop vulnerability curves to weather-related extreme events and climate change. Fifty-two articles have been identified through the use of Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and the references of the selected papers. The selected papers have been analysed to determine for which extreme events vulnerability curves have been proposed, which crops have been studied, which explanatory variables have been used to create the curves, which functions are used to develop vulnerability curves and the number of parameters on which the proposed functions rely. Comparisons among the vulnerability curves for the various extremes are proposed, as well as indications of the main drawback of the developed vulnerability curves. Finally, areas where further research is needed are proposed together with recommendations on which elements should be included in vulnerability curve development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. A study of impact of climate change on the U.S. stock market as exemplified by the NASDAQ 100 index constituents.
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Li, Cunpu, Liu, Yingjun, and Pan, Lishuo
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NASDAQ 100 index ,FINANCIAL markets ,STOCKS (Finance) ,RATE of return on stocks ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
This paper employs an innovative event study methodology to demonstrate the impact of climate change on the NASDAQ index from the unique perspective of extreme weather events. This is achieved through the application of the event study methodology to a total of 526 biological, climatic, geological, hydrological, and meteorological disasters of climate change occurring in the U.S. during the period of 2000–2019. The results of the study demonstrate that: ① it can be generally observed that the five dimensions of climate change have a significant impact on stock returns. ② Empirical evidence indicates that the impact of different climate change dimensions on the return rate of stocks from NASDAQ stocks varies. In contrast, the biological and hydrological dimensions have a significantly negative impact on the return rate of stocks from the NASDAQ index, while the climate dimension has a significantly positive impact on the return rate of stocks from the NASDAQ index. ③ From the perspective of time, the impact of the five dimensions of climate change on the stock yield exhibits certain non-linear characteristics. This can be observed in the phenomenon of shock reversal, which occurs before and after the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Understanding and Assessing Climate Change Risk to Green Infrastructure: Experiences from Greater Manchester (UK).
- Author
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Carter, Jeremy, Labib, S.M., and Mell, Ian
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GREEN infrastructure ,EXTREME weather ,WEATHER & climate change ,CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTAL research - Abstract
The existing body of research into the environmental and socio-economic benefits of green infrastructure supports the case for it to be positioned as a form of critical infrastructure, particularly in urban settings. It is broadly recognized that extreme weather and climate change pose significant risks to critical infrastructure systems linked to the provision of services, including electricity, water, communications, and transport, and consequently risk assessments and associated adaptation strategies are common practice. However, although green infrastructure is also at risk from extreme weather and climate change, threatening the realization of benefits that it can deliver in urban settings, associated risks to green infrastructure are not widely understood or assessed in practice. This paper discusses the status of existing research on this topic and uses this as a foundation for a Greater Manchester (UK) case study that assesses the risk of low water availability to grassed areas, which represent a key element of the city-region's green infrastructure. In doing so, the paper demonstrates how risks linked to extreme weather and climate change can be assessed spatially to inform green infrastructure planning. In summary, this paper aims to raise awareness of extreme weather and climate change risk to urban green infrastructure, present an empirical case study and associated methodological approach on this topic, and ultimately support efforts to enhance the resilience of urban green infrastructure to extreme weather and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Artificial intelligence to predict climate and weather change
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Jeon, Soohwan and Kim, Junkyu
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- 2024
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11. Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) air pollution with electric vehicles to overcome climate change.
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Widyaningrum, Shinta, Kartini, Evvy, and Taylor, Martin
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CLIMATE change & health ,CLIMATE change ,AIR pollution ,CARBON dioxide ,INTERNAL combustion engines ,EXTREME weather - Abstract
Climate change has become an important issue since 196 countries in the world agreed to sign the Paris Agreement at COP21 in 2015. This is an important issue because Climate change has a wider impact in the long term such as rising air temperatures, increasing volume of sea water, extreme and unpredictable weather changes, shifting populations and wildlife habitats and affecting human health. One of the causes of climate change is air pollution produced by burning conventional vehicles or we can call Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). For this reason, various countries in the world are innovating by converting fossil-based vehicles into electric vehicles with the main raw material being batteries. As a result, several countries in the world such as Japan, Brazil, Germany, France and Sweden have succeeded in reducing their emission levels in the 2015-2018 period by starting to develop electric vehicles. This paper was conducted through literature study and in-depth analysis using qualitative research methods. This paper aims to analyze whether the transformation from an internal combustion engine-based vehicle to an electric vehicle is able to reduce the level of emissions in a country in order to overcome the problem of climate change. In addition, this paper also analyzes other supporting factors to find the right solution to overcome the problem of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Disclosure regime for climate change: proposal and prospects for India Inc.
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Shekhar, Hemavathi S. and Chadda, Vidhi Madaan
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FINANCIAL risk ,CLIMATE change ,DISCLOSURE ,EXTREME weather ,PRICES of securities ,SECURITIES trading ,DISCLOSURE laws ,INVESTORS - Abstract
Climate change is a financial risk to companies, and those that disregard this will have to deal with losses due to extreme weather events, new regulations, or the disruption of the supply chain. Companies must disclose climate-related financial implications to enable informed decision-making by investors and other stakeholders. Any indifference or disregard for climate-related disclosures will harm the investors who may trade based on insufficient information and prices of securities that do not account for climate risks. In India, disclosures are mandated for companies under the Companies Act 2013 and various Securities and Exchange Board of India Regulations. This paper will explore the adequacy of the current disclosure regime concerning climate change and argue that, although information regarding climate risks falls within the ambit of the current set of mandated disclosures, it is insufficient. The paper concludes by making a case for mandatory climate disclosures under the Companies Act. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. A quantitative approach to investigate factors contributing to social housing occupants' challenges in the semi-arid climate of Nigeria.
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Modu, Mala Ali, Sapri, Maimunah, and Ab Muin, Zafirah
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CLIMATE change ,EXTREME weather ,BUILDING maintenance ,HOUSING ,WEATHER - Abstract
Purpose: Social housing offers occupants comfort, safety and protection against extreme weather conditions. However, social housing occupants in various regions of Nigeria face various challenges. This paper aims to use a quantitative approach to examine the factors that contribute to the challenges faced by occupants in social housing within a semi-arid climate of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory cross-sectional survey was used to administer 1,032 copies of structured questionnaires to occupants of social housing in Maiduguri, one of the largest urban centers of the semi-arid climate in Nigeria. A total of 955 responses were retrieved, giving a response rate of 92.5%. The statistical model used in analyzing data was relative importance indices and factor analysis. Findings: The results show that poor quality of FM services provided, poor maintenance of building components, damage to materials and valuables in the Harmattan period and housekeeping problems due to dust deposition in doors, while the poor response to occupants' complaints/reports is the least among the occupants' challenges in order of importance. Moreover, the results of the factor analysis further established that inadequate FM services and poor environmental conditions are the two factors contributing to the occupants' challenges in social housing within the semi-arid climate of Nigeria. Originality/value: This paper seeks to examine the factors contributing to social housing occupants' challenges in the semi-arid climate of Nigeria. The paper should inform policymakers, academics and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Characteristics and observed seasonal changes in Cold Air Outbreaks in Hungary using station data (1901-2020).
- Author
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MIKES, MÁRK ZOLTÁN, PIECZKA, ILDIKÓ, and DEZSŐ, ZSUZSANNA
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SEASONS ,METEOROLOGICAL stations ,WINTER storms ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
In this paper, we investigated Cold Air Outbreaks (CAOs) in Hungary using temperature data from ten weather stations located near populous Hungarian cities. Our main motivation for performing this research was the fact that in this rapidly changing climate, these events continue to represent a threat to infrastructure and human life, such as the outbreaks experienced in early 2021 (e.g., Texas, USA) and late 2022 (Winter Storm Elliott). In addition, no comprehensive study of CAOs in Hungary has been conducted using station data. The definition of CAO used in this paper is that the daily mean temperature had to be in the lower 10th percentile of the daily climatology for five consecutive days, and we allowed a maximum two-day gap between periods matching the criteria above, after which we merged events together. We found that the number of CAOs in Hungary decreased considerably in recent decades (due to increasing mean temperatures), and the climates of the investigated stations became increasingly homogenous. Developing our understanding of CAOs around the world is important because, due to climate change, their seasonal distribution may change in a way that negatively impacts our life and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. Climate-Proofing Critical Energy Infrastructure: Smart Grids, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning for Power System Resilience against Extreme Weather Events.
- Author
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Nyangon, Joseph
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EXTREME weather ,ENERGY infrastructure ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,MACHINE learning ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,GRIDS (Cartography) ,SMART meters ,NETWORK governance - Abstract
Electric power systems face heightened risks from climate change, on top of existing challenges like aging infrastructure, regulatory shifts, and cybersecurity threats. This paper explores how advanced technologies, including smart grids, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning, (ML), enhance the resilience of power systems against climate-driven extreme weather events. Drawing insights from resilience theory, the paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the literature on power system resilience, highlighting the escalating vulnerabilities of energy systems to weather-related disruptions. Although utilities currently use technologies like automated meter reading and advanced metering infrastructure to collect vital grid performance data, the lack of strategic collaboration often impedes effective data governance and sharing, thus undermining efficient responses to climate threats. The paper underscores the significance of distributed energy resources, long-duration energy storage, microgrids, and demand-side management. It further illustrates how AI and ML optimize smart grids to support these strategies. Proactive integration of smart grids with advanced technologies could significantly reduce climate-related costs compared to non-adaptive methods. Such proactive grid resilience strategies not only climate-proof energy infrastructure against climatic changes but also herald a modern, placed-based industrial transformation. Climate change exacerbates challenges in our energy systems, from aging infrastructure and a constantly shifting regulatory environment to cybersecurity risks and diversifying energy portfolios. Addressing these issues requires strategic investment in modern infrastructure, particularly smart grids enhanced by advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). These technologies are vital for enhancing power system resilience against climate impacts. Automated systems such as automated meter infrastructure (AMI) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) provide real-time data crucial for managing extreme weather events. AI and ML contribute to predictive maintenance, preventing failures and blackouts. They also forecast grid loads during severe weather, facilitating proactive power distribution management to prevent blackouts. This comprehensive improvement in situational awareness promotes economic growth in the energy sector and supports sustainable, climate-resilient transformation. AI and ML not only improve energy distribution and efficiency but also promote conservation efforts and ensure reliable energy amidst a changing climate. Collaboration among utility managers, regulators, and governments is key, focusing on data access, verification, and adaptability. Strategies should be tailored to each utility's unique challenges. Moreover, establishing technical standards is critical for enhancing power grid resilience against climate-induced extreme weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Insuring homes against extreme weather events: a systematic review of the research
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Lucas, Chloe H., Booth, Kate I., and Garcia, Carolina
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- 2021
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17. CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION FOR A LARGE INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT IN ROMANIA.
- Author
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Nicolae, Raluca Ioana and Nicolae, Petru
- Subjects
INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,GREENHOUSE gases ,EXTREME weather ,SUSTAINABLE construction ,ROAD construction ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change & health - Abstract
The increasing impacts of climate change have necessitated a comprehensive reassessment of large infrastructure projects, particularly highways, to ensure their resilience and sustainability. The article focuses on the analysis of climate change vulnerability, mitigation measures, and adaptation strategies within the context of a major highway project in Romania. With climate change accelerating, highways in Romania are becoming increasingly vulnerable to extreme weather events, shifting precipitation patterns, temperature fluctuations, and related environmental changes. The paper highlights key findings from vulnerability assessments, emphasizing the project's exposure to climate-induced risks and its implications for the highway's infrastructure. Mitigating the impact of climate change is a fundamental objective for this highway project. The article discusses mitigation efforts, which include minimizing greenhouse gas emissions during construction and operation phases, incorporating sustainable construction materials, and adopting energy-efficient technologies and practices. These measures align with Romania's commitment to reducing its carbon footprint. Also, the paper outlines adaptation measures, such as engineering design solutions to withstand extreme weather events, the integration of flexible design elements, and the establishment of climate monitoring and early warning systems to mitigate disruptions. In conclusion, the article underscores the urgency of integrating climate change vulnerability assessments, mitigation measures, and adaptation strategies into the planning and construction of highways in Romania. By adopting a comprehensive approach that addresses climate-related challenges, this highway project aims to contribute to a sustainable, resilient, and environmentally conscious transportation network for the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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18. Climate change and runoff from agricultural catchments in Norway
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Deelstra, Johannes, Øygarden, Lillian, Blankenberg, Anne‐Grete B., Olav Eggestad, Hans, and Kelman, Ilan
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- 2011
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19. Property development amidst global warming and climatic change: A review.
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Ifediora, Christian Osita and Halim, Henry Chinedu
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CLIMATE change ,EXTREME weather ,REAL estate development ,RAIN gardens ,NATURAL resources - Abstract
Property development otherwise referred to as real estate development or investment appears to be facing challenges in recent times due to the effects of the twin challenges of global warming and climatic change. No thanks to man’s activities on land and exploration to natural resources. Exploration of natural resources and human activities have continued to impact the ecosystem which has created great concerns. This paper reviewed literature on property development amidst global warming and climate change. A number of issues were raised including concern about how investors’ confidence can further be secured on real estate development. With the above mind, there are initiatives to reduce the impact of flooding and other weather events via incorporation of green infrastructure and storm water management, build resilient structures that can withstand extreme weather events, incorporate green spaces into the landscape, conduct risk assessments, create emergency plans, build infrastructure that can withstand extreme weather events, use recycled materials, utilize green spaces, and minimize disruption of natural habitats to reduce the impact of development on the environment, use drought-tolerant landscaping, and incorporate green infrastructure such as rain gardens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
20. Climate Change and Indian Food Security: Challenges and Solutions.
- Author
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SINGH, RANJEET and SAHA, DHRITIMAN
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FOOD security ,EXTREME weather ,FOOD supply ,CLIMATE change ,CULTIVARS ,PRECISION farming ,MEDICAL climatology - Abstract
Climate change poses a formidable threat to food security in India, a country with a population of over 1.3 billion people heavily dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. This paper provides an overview of the challenges and potential solutions for addressing the intersection of climate change and food security in India. The impact of climate change, such as altered precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, rising temperatures, and changing pest and disease dynamics, have profound consequences for Indian agriculture, exacerbating the already existing vulnerabilities within the food system, from smallholder farmers to the overall supply chain. The consequences of a disrupted food supply extend to issues of malnutrition, hunger, and socio-economic instability. This paper explores various facets of this complex issue such as the specific challenges faced by Indian agriculture due to climate change and the resultant threats to food security, ongoing efforts and potential solutions, including the adoption of climateresilient crop varieties, precision agriculture, and sustainable water management practices, to mitigate these challenges, and the necessity of policy intervention to enhance climate resilience within Indian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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21. Managing Extreme Rainfall and Flooding Events: A Case Study of the 20 July 2021 Zhengzhou Flood in China.
- Author
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Zhao, Xiaofan, Li, Huimin, Cai, Qin, Pan, Ye, and Qi, Ye
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RAINFALL ,EXTREME weather ,FLOOD risk ,RAINSTORMS ,SUBWAY tunnels ,FLOODS ,CITIES & towns - Abstract
On 20 July 2021, an extreme rainstorm battered Zhengzhou in China's Henan Province, killing 302 people, including 14 individuals who drowned in a subway tunnel and 6 who drowned in a road tunnel. As the global climate warms, extreme weather events similar to the Zhengzhou flood will become more frequent, with increasingly catastrophic consequences for society. Taking a case study-based approach by focusing on the record-breaking Zhengzhou flood, this paper examines the governance capacity of inland cities in North China for managing extreme precipitation and flooding events from the perspective of the flood risk management process. Based on in-depth case analysis, our paper hypothesizes that inland cities in North China still have low risk perceptions of extreme weather events, which was manifested in insufficient pre-disaster preparation and prevention, poor risk communication, and slow emergency response. Accordingly, it is recommended that inland cities update their risk perceptions of extreme rainfall and flooding events, which are no longer low-probability, high-impact "black swans", but turning into high-probability, high-impact "gray rhinos." In particular, cities must make sufficient preparation for extreme weather events by revising contingency plans and strengthening their implementation, improving risk communication of meteorological warnings, and synchronizing emergency response with meteorological warnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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22. Potential of Earth Observation to Assess the Impact of Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events in Temperate Forests—A Review.
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Wegler, Marco and Kuenzer, Claudia
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WEATHER & climate change ,TEMPERATE forests ,EXTREME weather ,STORMS ,CLIMATE change ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
Temperate forests are particularly exposed to climate change and the associated increase in weather extremes. Droughts, storms, late frosts, floods, heavy snowfalls, or changing climatic conditions such as rising temperatures or more erratic precipitation are having an increasing impact on forests. There is an urgent need to better assess the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events (EWEs) on temperate forests. Remote sensing can be used to map forests at multiple spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions at low cost. Different approaches to forest change assessment offer promising methods for a broad analysis of the impacts of climate change and EWEs. In this review, we examine the potential of Earth observation for assessing the impacts of climate change and EWEs in temperate forests by reviewing 126 scientific papers published between 1 January 2014 and 31 January 2024. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the sensors utilized, the spatial and temporal resolution of the studies, their spatial distribution, and their thematic focus on the various abiotic drivers and the resulting forest responses. The analysis indicates that multispectral, non-high-resolution timeseries were employed most frequently. A predominant proportion of the studies examine the impact of droughts. In all instances of EWEs, dieback is the most prevailing response, whereas in studies on changing trends, phenology shifts account for the largest share of forest response categories. The detailed analysis of in-depth forest differentiation implies that area-wide studies have so far barely distinguished the effects of different abiotic drivers at the species level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. Introduction to the special issue of The Natural History of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia.
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Hopkins, A. J. M., Smith, G. T., and Saunders, D. A.
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- *
NATURAL history , *NATURE reserves , *EXTREME weather , *PROTECTED areas , *CONSERVATION biology , *SUMMER , *COASTS , *SAND dunes , *HEATHLANDS - Abstract
Context: This paper introduces the special issue of Pacific Conservation Biology devoted to the natural history of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve on the south coast of Western Australia. Methods: This paper provides the background to the special issue. Key results: Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve was gazetted in 1967 for the conservation of the native biota, including two species; the Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird (Atrichornis clamosus) and Ngilgaitch/Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii), both believed extinct for over 100 years before being rediscovered on the Reserve. The Reserve is 4774.7 ha in area, with wetlands, heathlands, granite outcrops, sand dunes, beaches, cliffs, and islands. Since it was established, mean annual rainfall has decreased by 16.8%, mean annual maximum temperature has increased by 0.2°C, and mean annual minimum temperature has increased by 0.7°C. Conclusions: The paper poses the question: what do the changes of drier winters, hotter summers, and more extreme weather events mean for managers of conservation areas such as Two Peoples Bay? Implications: Changing climate will pose problems for the managers of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve in ensuring the conservation of the Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird and Ngilgaitch/Gilbert's potoroo. Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve comprises ~5000 ha of wetlands, heathlands, granite outcrops, sand dunes, beaches, cliffs, and islands. Two species, the Djimaalap/noisy scrub-bird and Ngilgaitch/Gilbert's potoroo, were believed extinct for over 100 years before being rediscovered on the Reserve. Since the Reserve was established in 1967, rainfall has decreased, while minimum and maximum temperatures have increased. We ask what the climate change means for managers of conservation areas such as Two Peoples Bay. This article belongs to the Collection The Natural History of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Information, Public Decision-Making, and Climate Change: The Many Roles of Grey Literature.
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MacDonald, Bertrum H. and Manuel, Patricia
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GREY literature ,CLIMATE change in literature ,CLIMATE change ,POLICY sciences ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change skepticism ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations - Abstract
The far-reaching effects of climate change are among the leading global concerns today. The impacts of changing climate manifest in rising global temperatures (on land and in the ocean), escalating destructive extreme weather events, increasing biodiversity loss, shifting biomes, growing food insecurity, greater health risks (physical and mental), and involuntary migration of people, among other interconnected factors. The complexity of these problems individually and collectively is receiving extensive consideration in research and public arenas. Concerns about the influences of climate change have been increasing since the 1950s and through the last half of the twentieth century scientific understanding reached a consensus of the causes and numerous negative outcomes. The impacts have become clear in the first decades of the twenty-first century. Researchers in many disciplines are cautioning that the world is rapidly reaching a tipping point in the overall health of the planet, after which recovery will be very difficult. In addition, decision makers are grappling with how to evaluate multiple and sometimes competing calls for action and to decide how to address the issues best. In both research and decision-making settings, grey literature has been a prominent information genre about the multifaceted aspects of climate. Large quantities of grey literature on climate and climate change subjects have been produced. Academic institutions, governmental and intergovernmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, professional associations, think tanks, and news media have turned out grey literature ranging from brochures to hefty technical reports. These materials have been generated in print and digital formats to fulfil a suite of roles: 1) to report research findings, 2) to compile and synthesize literature on research and professional practice, 3) to inform policymakers and the public, 4) to advocate for policy development, 5) to implement policy, 6) to promote change in professional and individual practice, 7) to educate; 8) to broker information and promote networking, and 9) to counter misinformation. In this paper we draw on research about decision making in public policy and management practice about coastal and marine environments to illustrate how grey literature on climate subjects has been deployed in delivering on these roles. Grey literature is widely used in many decision-making contexts. Recognizing its numerous roles can inform citizens, managers, planners, and policy- and decision-makers in addressing the climate challenges facing society today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Geosites and Climate Change—A Review and Conceptual Framework.
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Migoń, Piotr
- Subjects
EXTREME weather ,CONSCIOUSNESS raising ,ROCK properties ,LANDFORMS ,SOUND recordings - Abstract
Geosites are windows into the geological past, which may be recorded in rocks and their properties, the fossil content, and landform produced by processes no longer operating. Since the histories of sedimentation, life, and landscape evolution are to a certain extent controlled by climatic conditions, some geosites may be used as illustrations of various themes linked to the issue of climate change. In this paper, a coherent systematic framework is proposed for how to look at geosites through the lens of climate change. Four major aspects of relevance are recognized: (i) geosites providing evidence of changing climatic conditions in the past; (ii) geosites providing evidence of an environment different than that of today at the place; (iii) geosites providing evidence of extreme weather events; and (iv) dynamic geosites, subject to change as a response to ongoing climate change. The use of geosites to raise awareness and educate the public about climate change faces various interpretation challenges. In particular, linking with ongoing climate change requires caution and balanced presentation as most geosites record changes which occurred without any anthropogenic component. The preferred focus should be on environmental instability in general rather than on any specific reasons for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Rising to the Climate Challenge: Better Understanding the Rural Rainstorm Flooding Disaster Risk Management Using Practical Insights from China.
- Author
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Kong, Feng
- Subjects
RAINSTORMS ,CLIMATE change ,WATER conservation projects ,DISASTER relief ,FLOOD risk ,EXTREME weather ,NATURAL disasters - Abstract
In light of the challenges posed by climate change and rural revitalization, high-quality construction in rural areas is facing significant obstacles from rainstorm flooding. This study adopts a regional disaster system analysis framework and examines the characteristics of rural rainstorm flooding disasters, including the instability of the breeding environment, the hazard characteristics, and the vulnerability of the exposure. Using this framework, we explore the various causes of rainstorm flooding in rural China, assess the effectiveness of responses to these disasters, and examine the differences between urban and rural responses. Our analysis reveals that the increase in rainstorm flooding in rural China is a complex result of multiple factors, including increased risk, instability, and vulnerability. While rural areas have made some progress in monitoring and responding to rainstorm flooding disasters, they remain weaker than cities in terms of governance and disaster management systems. To address these challenges, we recommend increased attention to rural flood control and disaster reduction, stronger preparation for disaster prevention and reduction plans, enhanced rural disaster infrastructure defense, increased financial support for water conservancy projects, and stronger professional emergency response teams, disaster relief equipment, and materials. Additionally, we recommend strengthening disaster prevention and reduction education and publicity among rural residents to promote the ability to self-rescue and mutual rescue. The disastrous impact of climate change and resulting extreme weather events on rural areas has become increasingly evident in recent years. China's vast rural areas have been particularly affected by frequent rainstorm flooding disasters. This paper identifies the increase in rainstorms, the instability of the disaster breeding environment in rural areas, and the increased vulnerability of exposures in these areas as the main reasons behind the intensification of rural rainstorm flooding. To mitigate the impact of these disasters, attention should be paid to natural disaster risk management, normalized flood control, and disaster reduction in rural areas. This requires overall coordination of rural disaster prevention and reduction planning, emphasis on improving the defense capacity of rural areas, increasing financial support for defensive water conservancy projects, promoting the construction of professional emergency rescue teams in rural areas, scientifically distributing flood prevention and disaster relief equipment and materials, strengthening publicity and education on disaster prevention and reduction, and enhancing rural disaster prevention awareness and self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Compound impacts of extreme weather events and COVID‐19 on climate mobilities.
- Author
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Thalheimer, Lisa
- Subjects
EXTREME weather ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,CLIMATE change ,CORONAVIRUSES ,WEATHER ,RESIDENTIAL mobility - Abstract
Weather and climate‐related human mobility (climate mobilities) including displacement are often viewed as security concerns. The recent coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic adds yet another layer of complexity which calls for unpacking these connections. This paper explores how existing patterns of migration and displacement that are driven by climate change impacts are compounded by the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. First, the paper outlines the links between extreme weather events and human mobility to then explore how the impacts from COVID‐19 interact, cascade and compound pre‐existing vulnerabilities of people on the move. Examining the ways in which climate change is potentially driving or shifting patterns of climate mobility allows a shared understanding of this complex issue to be gained. This paper contextualises the compounding impacts with a geographical focus on Bangladesh, a well‐known climate hotspot. The paper contributes to the debates on impacts and human responses to climate change and concludes with a set of policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Comparison of Recently Proposed Causes of Climate Change.
- Author
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Harris, Stuart A.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,MILANKOVITCH cycles ,ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide ,EXTREME weather ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,OCEAN currents - Abstract
This paper compares the ideas contained in the main papers published on climate change since World War II to arrive at a suggested consensus of our present knowledge regarding climatic changes and their causes. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is only suggested as a cause in one theory, which, despite its wide acceptance by Politicians, the media, and the Public, ignores the findings in other studies, including the ideas found in the Milankovitch Cycles. It also does not explain the well-known NASA map of the changes between the global 1951–1978 and the 2010–2019 mean annual temperatures. The other theories by Oceanographers, Earth scientists, and Geographers fit together to indicate that the variations in climate are the result of differential solar heating of the Earth, resulting in a series of processes redistributing the heat to produce a more uniform range of climates around the surface of the Earth. Key factors are the shape of the Earth and the Milankovitch Cycles, the distribution of land and water bodies, the differences between heating land and water, ocean currents and gateways, air masses, and hurricanes. Low atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during cold events could result in too little of this gas to support photosynthesis in plants, resulting in the extermination of most life on Earth as we know it. The 23 ka Milankovitch cycle has begun to reduce the winter insolation received at the surface of the atmosphere in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere starting in 2020. This results in extreme weather as the winter insolation reaching the surface of the atmosphere in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere decreases while the summer air temperatures increase. It heralds the start of the next glaciation. A brief outline is given of some of the climatic changes and consequences that may be expected in western Canada during the next 11.5 ka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. 碳循环、气候变化与金融风险 --基于DSGE模型.
- Author
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张涛, 侯宇恒, 曲晓溪, and 张卓群
- Subjects
CLIMATE change models ,EXTREME weather ,ECONOMIC models ,ECONOMIC entity ,CLIMATE change ,ABATEMENT (Atmospheric chemistry) ,CARBON cycle - Abstract
Copyright of China Population Resources & Environment is the property of Shandong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Socially relevant and inclusive operations management.
- Author
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Sunar, Nur and Swaminathan, Jayashankar M.
- Subjects
OPERATIONS management ,EXTREME weather ,ENVIRONMENTAL responsibility ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,FOOD prices - Abstract
Many parts of the world are experiencing extreme weather events, energy poverty, food insecurity, and lack of access to basic healthcare. Moreover, concerns over socioeconomic, gender, and racial inequalities are growing. These socially relevant issues are ripe for analysis and improvement using an operations management lens. In this paper, we review some of the relevant research advancements made in the last decade, and identify future research directions on these important topics. In particular, we focus on papers related to sustainable planet (renewable energy, environmentally and socially responsible operations, regulation‐driven operations), agriculture, and public health. For future research directions, we discuss the role of innovative business models and disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, in addressing these pressing issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Atmospheric Rivers in the Eastern and Midwestern United States Associated With Baroclinic Waves.
- Author
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O'Brien, Travis A., Loring, Burlen, Dufek, Amanda Sabatini, Islam, Mohammad Rubaiat, Kamnani, Diya, Quagraine, Kwesi Twentwewa, and Kirkpatrick, Cody
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC rivers ,EXTREME weather ,METEOROLOGICAL charts ,THERMAL instability ,ATMOSPHERIC models ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) significantly impact the hydrological cycle and associated extremes in western continental regions. Recent studies suggest ARs also influence water resources and extremes in continental interiors. AR detection tools indicate that AR conditions are relatively frequent in areas east of the Rocky Mountains. The origin of these ARs, whether from synoptic‐scale waves or mesoscale processes, is unclear. This study uses meteorological composite maps and transects of AR conditions during the four seasons. The analysis reveals that ARs east of the Rockies are associated with long‐wave, baroclinic Rossby waves. This result demonstrates that eastern North American ARs are dynamically similar to their western coastal counterparts, though mechanisms for vertical moisture flux differ between the two. These findings provide a foundation for understanding future climate change and ARs in this region and offer new methods for evaluating climate model simulations. Plain Language Summary: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a weather pattern that brings high amounts of atmospheric water and winds in a relatively narrow region. ARs are typically considered a "west coast" phenomenon, largely because the majority of the scientific research on ARs has focused on ARs in western coastal regions: particularly the western United States (US). ARs occur in continental interiors, but there has been some debate about whether these ARs represent the same type of weather as those in western coastal regions. This paper uses two objective methods for identifying ARs and finds times when ARs are present in three locations in the eastern half of the US: Norman, OK, Bloomington, IN, and Washington, DC. Examination of weather conditions during these AR times shows remarkable similarity to conditions associated with west coast ARs. This gives strong evidence that ARs do occur in the eastern half of the US. This result is important because it suggests that ARs may be important for water resources and extreme weather in the eastern half of the US, just as they are in the western US. This result also suggests that ARs may be important for water resources and extremes in other continental interiors. Key Points: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) east of the Rockies are associated with baroclinic wavesWestern coastal ARs and eastern/midwest ARs are dynamically similarSynoptic‐scale uplift, combined with convective instability, provide efficient mechanisms for generating precipitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Impact of Climate Change on Soil Properties and Functions.
- Author
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MURTHY, R. KRISHNA and RAUT, MONALI
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,EXTREME weather ,SOILS ,CARBON cycle ,CARBON sequestration ,EROSION ,NUTRIENT cycles - Abstract
Climate change is a pressing global concern with far-reaching implications and its impact on soil properties is a critical aspect that warrants comprehensive investigation. This abstract delves into the multifaceted effects of climate change on soil, highlighting the intricate relationships between climate patterns and soil characteristics. Rising temperatures associated with climate change contribute to increased evaporation rates, leading to changes in soil moisture levels. These alterations can influence soil structure, affecting porosity, compaction and water retention capacity. Additionally, shifting precipitation patterns may result in changes to soil erosion and sedimentation rates, impacting nutrient cycling and the overall fertility of the soil. The increase in extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, intensifies soil erosion and nutrient loss. Changes in temperature and precipitation also influence microbial activity and diversity in the soil, impacting crucial processes like decomposition and nutrient mineralization. These alterations in microbial communities can further cascade into shifts in soil organic matter content and nutrient availability. Furthermore, the interaction between climate change and soil properties extends to the realm of soil carbon sequestration. Altered conditions may affect the balance between carbon inputs and outputs, influencing the capacity of soils to act as carbon sinks. Understanding these complex dynamics is imperative for sustainable land management practices and developing strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on soil properties. This review paper throws light on the complex interplay between climate change and soil properties underscoring the need for interdisciplinary research to unravel the intricacies of this relationship. Such knowledge is indispensable for formulating effective adaptation and mitigation strategies to safeguard soil health, ensuring the resilience of ecosystems and global food security in the face of ongoing climate challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
33. The role of crop simulation modeling in assessing potential climate change impacts.
- Author
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Timlin, Dennis, Paff, Kirsten, and Han, Eunjin
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,EXTREME weather ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,CROP yields ,SIMULATION methods & models ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Agriculture is weather dependent, and changes in climate can have a drastic impact on our ability to feed, fuel, and clothe the world's population. Climate change is causing more frequent and unprecedented extreme weather events that are already negatively affecting agriculture. We need to assess the effects of extreme temperatures and rainfall on agriculture. Patterns of short‐term extreme weather events, such as elevated temperatures, flooding, and strong winds, are not predictable enough to design field experiments around. Process‐based crop and soil simulation models allow us to explore new management options and thus provide whole‐system‐based knowledge and management guides for different locations over variable climate conditions. By using crop simulation models, researchers can test different adaptation strategies and assess their effectiveness in reducing the impacts of climate change on agricultural production. In this paper, we discuss the development of crop models and how they have been used to assess the effects of a changing climate on agricultural productivity and propose methods for agriculture to adapt to those changes. We describe potential applications of crop models to assess regional issues such as irrigation demand, greenhouse gas emissions, and policy decisions. Better understanding of how weather and climate forecasts at various scales are provided and the reliability of these forecasts is important for using crop models as a planning tool. Different approaches for simulating long‐term climate change impacts on crop yield and seasonal yield forecasting are discussed. The use of ensemble models to better assess climate change impacts is also discussed. Core Ideas: Assessment of climate change impacts on agriculture requires a systems approach.Agriculture is weather dependent, and changes in climate can have a drastic impact on food production.Crop models can extend the results of physical experiments to better assess long‐term climate change effects on agriculture.Crop models are critical in assessing climate change impacts and developing adaptation and mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Quantizing reconstruction losses for improving weather data synthesis.
- Author
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Szwarcman, Daniela, Guevara, Jorge, Macedo, Maysa M. G., Zadrozny, Bianca, Watson, Campbell, Rosa, Laura, and Oliveira, Dario A. B.
- Subjects
EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change models ,WEATHER ,PERFORMANCE standards ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The stochastic synthesis of extreme, rare climate scenarios is vital for risk and resilience models aware of climate change, directly impacting society in different sectors. However, creating high-quality variations of under-represented samples remains a challenge for several generative models. This paper investigates quantizing reconstruction losses for helping variational autoencoders (VAE) better synthesize extreme weather fields from conventional historical training sets. Building on the classical VAE formulation using reconstruction and latent space regularization losses, we propose various histogram-based penalties to the reconstruction loss that explicitly reinforces the model to synthesize under-represented values better. We evaluate our work using precipitation weather fields, where models usually strive to synthesize well extreme precipitation samples. We demonstrate that bringing histogram awareness to the reconstruction loss improves standard VAE performance substantially, especially for extreme weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Environmentally Induced Diseases Caused by Changes in Meteorological Factors: Diagnosis and Ways to Counteract.
- Author
-
Yakovlev, M. Yu., Rakhmanin, Yu. A., and Bobrovnitskii, I. P.
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTALLY induced diseases , *AIR pollution , *MEDICAL geography , *SOIL pollution , *EXTREME weather , *CLIMATE change & health - Abstract
Climatic and geographic factors characterizing local conditions, as well as the ecological state of the external environment, have a direct effect on human health, morbidity, and life expectancy. The paper considers the basic concepts of medical ecology, a pathogenetic role of environmental atmospheric pollution in the development of environmentally induced and environmentally dependent diseases associated with exposure to meteorological factors. In addition to the major hygienic risk factors affecting the public health (a level of air, water, and soil pollution), the levels of acoustic and electromagnetic background, the type of human nutrition, architectural and planning conditions of human life are of significant importance. Global climate warming causes numerous environmental changes, primarily an increase in surface air temperature, which in turn entails global changes in weather conditions that lead to various weather anomalies. Human health is directly dependent on environmental conditions and a degree of adaptation to them. The paper highlights the issues of diagnosing environmentally induced diseases and measures to counteract their spread. Based on the system diagnosis using physiological indicators of human health and the integration of the adaptation and nosological approaches, a hardware-software complex has been developed and introduced into medical practice. Corrective technologies of regenerative medicine that are used for ecologically dependent pathologies are described. Their application in the process of the complex sanatorium and resort treatment is most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Designing for a Flow: Navigating Temporalities in Housing Considerations in Low-Income and Hazard-Prone Caribbean Contexts.
- Author
-
Kuś, Aga, Mota, Nelson, van Bueren, Ellen, Carmona Báez, Antonio, and Asselbergs, Thijs
- Subjects
LOW-income housing ,HOUSING ,HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,NATURAL disasters ,EXTREME weather - Abstract
The urgency of addressing housing challenges in low-income areas is increasing due to widening socio-economic inequalities and the worsening impact of natural disasters. Saint Martin, a small Caribbean island, is struggling to provide affordable housing amidst hurricanes, floods, and heat waves. As a result, there has been a rise in self-organized housing units, which are built incrementally and are susceptible to risks. The main challenge is to balance durability, functionality, and esthetic appeal over time. Inspired by St. Martin's self-organized units, this article explores housing considerations in low-income, hazard-prone contexts by emphasizing their temporalities. Integrating insights from a formative study, including a literature review and ethnographic research, the paper draws on Stewart Brand's "Layers of Change" and the concept of "Flow". The study identifies layers within self-organized units corresponding to durability, functionality, and esthetic appeal. It delves into their connection with building activities over time, unveiling the temporalities of housing considerations. This exploration leads to the proposition of "Designing for a Flow" as a novel design approach. Offering practical insights within a concise framework, the study provides nuanced perspectives on mitigating housing challenges in low-income and hazard-prone contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Expansion of the tropics: revisiting frontiers of geographical knowledge
- Author
-
Stephen M. Turton
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Tropics ,Climate change ,01 natural sciences ,Natural (archaeology) ,Extreme weather ,White paper ,Geography ,Greenhouse gas ,Climatology ,Temperate climate ,Physical geography ,Location ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
The tropics are expanding poleward at an alarming rate—with massive implications for societies, economies, and natural environments. This expansion appears to be determined largely by anthropogenic drivers—notably rises in greenhouse gases. Of greatest concern is the poleward shift of the dry sub-tropical zone into highly populated regions that have generally enjoyed a more temperate climate. While the effects of latitudinal shifts of climate zones will be most severe in temperate regions outside the tropics, there will also be significant changes in climate within the tropics—notably unprecedented thermal conditions for hundreds of millions of people, along with projections for more extreme weather events. Australia's geographical location makes it particularly vulnerable to an expanding tropics. As the tropics expand poleward, more of southern Australia will be influenced by the dry sub-tropical zone and associated reductions in winter rainfall. These drying trends are projected to continue over most southern parts of Australia this century, accompanied by rising temperatures and more hot days. Future rainfall trends for northern Australia remain uncertain, but there is an expected significant increase in the number of hot days, together with more extreme weather events. Future climate change in northern Australia has been ignored by the White Paper for the Development of Northern Australia (2015), bringing into serious question the feasibility and affordability of many of the development policies, plans, and projects promulgated in the White Paper. Even without climate change, the north faces many significant environmental and economic challenges for its future development.
- Published
- 2017
38. Primary Interannual Variability Patterns of the Growing-Season NDVI over the Tibetan Plateau and Main Climatic Factors.
- Author
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Mao, Xin, Ren, Hong-Li, and Liu, Ge
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,EXTREME weather ,EARTH temperature ,SURFACE temperature ,SPATIAL variation - Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) vegetation plays an important role in the local ecosystem, which responds significantly to climate change and can affect local and large-scale weather and climate anomalies. However, little attention has been paid to its year-to-year variation. In this paper, using two NDVI datasets (GIMMS and MODIS) originated from satellite remote sensing, the variability characteristics of NDVI over the TP on the interannual time scale and associated local climatic factors were investigated. The results show that two primary patterns of NDVI governed TP during the main growing season (June–September, JJAS) for the period 1982–2020. The first one is a uniform pattern, with a consistent spatial variation over the entire TP, and the second is a dipole pattern, with an out-of-phase spatial variation of NDVI between the northern and southern TP. Interannual variations of the different climatic factors regulate the NDVI variability over the different regions of the TP. The interannual variability of the uniform NDVI pattern is mainly affected by the two local climatic factors, the preceding May–August precipitation and simultaneous JJAS sunshine duration. Specifically, NDVIs over the southern and eastern TP have a more significant response to the preceding precipitation and simultaneous sunshine duration, respectively. The variability of the dipole NDVI pattern is primarily modulated by the preceding May–August precipitation and simultaneous surface air temperature, ground surface temperature, and sunshine duration. However, NDVIs over the northern and southern TP have different degrees of response to the four climatic factors, with the most significant response being to preceding precipitation. The combined effect of these factors contributes to the formation of the interannual variability in the uniform and dipole patterns. This paper may shed light on deeply understanding the reasons for the inconsistency in variations of vegetation over the different regions of the TP under climate change. In addition to the effect of local climatic factors that this study focuses on, the influence of external climatic factors on the variability of the TP NDVI deserves further research in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Remote work and climate change: Considerations for grid resilience in the 21st century.
- Author
-
Ratner, Jackie, Westfallen, Vincent, Aguilar, Susanna, and Schlegelmilch, Jeff
- Subjects
TELECOMMUTING ,TWENTY-first century ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
This paper explores how the unprecedented dependence on remote work since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the demand for electricity. The paper discusses how the increased dependence on information and communication technologies has driven a shift in the daytime demand for power, from the commercial sector to the residential sector, prompting changes in the way electric utilities plan for peak load demand. As the article goes on to argue, this exposes the growing need for greater grid resilience in order to safeguard the supply of electricity in the face of increasingly frequent potential disruptions such as extreme weather events. The paper finds that emergency planners and responders, public agencies, utilities and other public and private sector stakeholders will need to collaborate ever more closely when devising and implementing solutions as well as when responding to emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
40. What are the short-to-medium-term effects of extreme weather on the Croatian economy?
- Author
-
Škrinjarić, Tihana
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,WEATHER ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,PRICE inflation ,VECTOR autoregression model - Abstract
Copyright of Working Papers (Croatian National Bank) is the property of Croatian National Bank and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
41. POLISH HOUSEHOLD DEFAULT RISK AND PHYSICAL RISK OF CLIMATE CHANGE.
- Author
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KUROWSKI, ŁUKASZ and SOKAL, KATARZYNA
- Subjects
CREDIT risk ,COUNTERPARTY risk ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change ,POLISH voivodeships ,LOANS - Abstract
This paper aims to assess the level of credit risk (from the perspective of default risk) among Polish households associated with the physical risks of climate change. In order to determine the potential impact of the physical risk of climate change on household credit risk, we conducted CAWI interviews with 1,006 borrowers residing in different Polish voivodeships (to account for heterogeneity of credit exposures to extreme weather events). According to these respondents, wildfires and storms in Poland are the greatest source of physical risk of climate change. In the event of a wildfire or storm, approximately 13% of borrowers would not be able to repay their loans while not being insured, which potentially increases banks' credit risk and exposes banks to losses. However, we find that households underestimate the credit risk that could arise from a drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Climate change study warns wine regions at "risk of disappearing".
- Author
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Reynolds, Conor
- Subjects
WINE districts ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,EXTREME weather ,WINE tasting ,DROUGHTS - Abstract
A study published in Nature Reviews warns that climate change could lead to the disappearance of 90% of coastal and lowland wine regions in Spain, Italy, and southern California by the end of the century. The study highlights the impact of climate change on grape composition, yields, and wine quality. It suggests marketing wine by region rather than variety to encourage sales of lesser-known, climate-resistant varieties. The research also notes that some projections may be overly pessimistic and that growers can adapt to conditions through modern technology and practices. The paper argues that grapevine varietal diversity is a promising adaptation lever for climate change. While some regions may benefit from the impact of climate change, others may face economic challenges in wine production. The study emphasizes the need for flexibility and adaptation in the face of climate change. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
43. An analysis of climate change and health hazards: results from an international study.
- Author
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Leal Filho, Walter, Ternova, Linda, Fayyaz, Muhammad Muddassir, Abubakar, Ismaila Rimi, Kovaleva, Marina, Donkor, Felix Kwabena, Anuga, Samuel Weniga, Matamanda, Abraham R., Djekic, Ilija, Umar, Ibrahim Abatcha, Olooto, Felicia Motunrayo, Meirelles, Maria, Nagy, Gustavo J., May, Julia, May, Marta, Ebhuoma, Eromose, and Begum, Halima
- Abstract
Purpose: The interconnections between climate change and health are well studied. However, there is a perceived need for studies that examine how responses to health hazards (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, ozone layer effects, allergens, mental health and vector-borne diseases) may assist in reducing their impacts. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence on health responses to climate hazards and list some measures to address them. Design/methodology/approach: A mixed literature review, bibliometric analysis and an original online survey were undertaken on 140 participants from 55 countries spread across all geographical regions. Findings: The bibliometric analysis identified that most climate-related health hazards are associated with extreme weather events. However, only one-third of the investigated papers specifically analysed the connections between climate change and health hazards, revealing a thematic gap. Also, although Africa is highly affected by climate change, only 5% of the assessed studies focused on this continent. Many respondents to the survey indicated "heat distress" as a significant vulnerability. The survey also identified social determinants relevant to climate-induced health vulnerabilities, such as socioeconomic and environmental factors, infrastructure and pre-existing health conditions. Most respondents agree that policies and regulations are the most effective adaptation tools to address the public health hazards triggered by climate change. This paper presents some suggestions for optimising public health responses to health hazards associated with climate change, such as the inclusion of climate-related components in public health policies, setting up monitoring systems to assess the extent to which specific climate events may pose a health threat, establishing plans to cope with the health implications of heatwaves, increased measures to protect vulnerable groups and education and awareness-raising initiatives to reduce the overall vulnerability of the population to climate-related health hazards. These measures may assist the ongoing global efforts to understand better – and cope with – the impacts of climate change on health. Originality/value: The combination of a literature review, bibliometric analysis and an original world survey identified and presented a wide range of responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. HISTORY OF CLIMATE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MINING AND RECLAMATION IN THE MOST BASIN - RESEARCH RESULTS AND PROPOSED ADAPTATION MEASURES.
- Author
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Řehoř, Michal, Záruba, Jiří, Vráblik, Petr, Helebrant, František, and Schmidt, Pavel
- Subjects
EXTREME weather ,LIGNITE ,COAL basins ,HISTORICAL literacy ,RESEARCH teams ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The Research Institute for Brown Coal j. s. c. (VÚHU) has been involved in the research project of the EU Research Fund of Coal and Steel - The impact of extreme weather events on mining operations for four years. The project is focused on assessing the impact of climate change on mining activities in major European coal basins. Other participants are scientific teams from Poland, Great Britain, Spain, Germany and Greece. This is the last year of the project solving, so this paper summarizes the results of the solution for the Czech Republic. The first part of the paper summarizes the knowledge of the historical development of the climate, including significant climatic disasters. Attempts to reconstruct the paleoclimate in the Tertiary based on the evaluation of preserved geological phenomena are also briefly evaluated here. The next part of the paper evaluates the development of temperature and precipitation in the wider area of the Most Basin, including the forecast for the future and the impact of climate change on mining and reclamation. Therefore, the greatest attention is paid to the proposed adaptation strategies. All laboratory analyses carried out as part of this research were carried out by VÚHU testing laboratories accredited by CIA according to CSN EN 150-IEC 17025 on the basis of internal methodological procedures based on relevant standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Optimising the resilience of shipping networks to climate vulnerability.
- Author
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Poo, Mark Ching-Pong and Yang, Zaili
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CLIMATE extremes ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change adaptation ,HARBORS - Abstract
Climate extremes are threatening transportation infrastructures and hence require new methods to address their vulnerability and improve their resilience. However, existing studies have yet to examine the climate impacts on transportation networks systematically rather than independently assessing the infrastructures at a component level. Therefore, it is crucial to configure alternative shipping routes from a systematic perspective to reduce climate vulnerabilities and optimise the resilience of the whole shipping network. This paper aims to assess the global shipping network focusing on climate resilience by a methodology that combines climate risk indicators, centrality analysis and ship routing optimisation. The methodology is designed for overviewing the climate vulnerability of the current and future scenarios for comparison. First, a multi-centrality assessment defines the global shipping hubs and network vulnerabilities. Secondly, a shipping model is built for finding the optimal shipping route between ports, considering the port disruption days caused by climate change (e.g. extreme weather) based on the climate vulnerability analysis result from the first step. It contributes to a new framework combining the global and local seaport climate vulnerabilities. Furthermore, it recommends changing shipping routes by a foreseeable increase in port disruptions caused by extreme weather for climate adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. To change what we cannot accept: acknowledging and addressing the impact of climate change on addiction recovery capital.
- Author
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Bowen, Elizabeth A.
- Abstract
AbstractAlthough an extensive body of research examines the implications of climate change for various aspects of human health, little conceptual or empirical work has focused on how climate change may affect addiction recovery. This paper addresses this gap by identifying probable pathways through which climate change may impact recovery, drawing on environmental, public health, and recovery research. Applying the theory of recovery capital, I outline the potential effects of climate change on social, physical, human, and cultural recovery domains. For example, in the domain of social capital, extreme weather and climate-related displacement are likely to make it more challenging for people in recovery to attend social events and support groups, though the use of digital support services may partially mitigate negative impacts. I synthesize this research in a model of probable pathways through which climate change will affect recovery capital and recovery outcomes, highlighting the ways in which marginalization related to factors such as race, income, and age is likely to shape the magnitude of effects. Building from this model, I discuss research implications, including the need for qualitative studies that examine how people engage as resilient actors pursuing recovery in the face of this ongoing global crisis, as well as quantitative studies that test hypotheses about the specific links between climate change and recovery capital. This paper concludes with implications for practice at individual, organizational, and societal levels, describing actions that service providers and people in recovery can take to build recovery capital while pursuing climate justice activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Gap-free 16-year (2005–2020) sub-diurnal surface meteorological observations across Florida.
- Author
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Peeling, Julie A., Judge, Jasmeet, Misra, Vasubandhu, Jayasankar, C. B., and Lusher, William R.
- Subjects
METEOROLOGICAL observations ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE extremes ,CLIMATE change ,NATURAL resources management ,HURRICANE Irma, 2017 - Abstract
The sub-tropical, flat, peninsular region of Florida is subject to a unique climate with extreme weather events that impact agriculture, public health, and management of natural resources. Meteorological data at high temporal resolutions especially in tropical latitudes are essential to understand diurnal and semi-diurnal variations of climate, which are considered as the fundamental modes of climate variations of our Earth system. However, many meteorological datasets contain gaps that limit their use for validation of models and further detailed observational analysis. The objective of this paper is to apply a set of data gap filling strategies to develop a gap-free dataset with 15-minute observations for the sub-tropical region of Florida. Using data from the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN), methods of linear interpolation, trend continuation, reference to external sources, and nearest station substitution were applied to fill the data gaps depending on the extent of the gap. The outcome of this study provides continuous, publicly accessible surface meteorological observations for 30 FAWN stations at 15-minute intervals for years 2005–2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Climate change, air quality, and respiratory health: a focus on particle deposition in the lungs.
- Author
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Chang, Jer-Hwa, Lee, Yueh-Lun, Chang, Li-Te, Chang, Ta-Yuan, Hsiao, Ta-Chih, Chung, Kian Fan, Ho, Kin Fai, Kuo, Han-Pin, Lee, Kang-Yun, Chuang, Kai-Jen, and Chuang, Hsiao-Chi
- Subjects
AIR quality ,CLIMATE change ,AIR quality indexes ,LUNGS ,AIR pollution ,RESPIRATORY therapists - Abstract
This review article delves into the multifaceted relationship between climate change, air quality, and respiratory health, placing a special focus on the process of particle deposition in the lungs. We discuss the capability of climate change to intensify air pollution and alter particulate matter physicochemical properties such as size, dispersion, and chemical composition. These alterations play a significant role in influencing the deposition of particles in the lungs, leading to consequential respiratory health effects. The review paper provides a broad exploration of climate change's direct and indirect role in modifying particulate air pollution features and its interaction with other air pollutants, which may change the ability of particle deposition in the lungs. In conclusion, climate change may play an important role in regulating particle deposition in the lungs by changing physicochemistry of particulate air pollution, therefore, increasing the risk of respiratory disease development. Climate change influences particle deposition in the lungs by modifying the physicochemical properties of particulate air pollution, thereby escalating the risk of respiratory disease development. It is crucial for healthcare providers to educate patients about the relationship between climate change and respiratory health. People with conditions such as asthma, COPD, and allergies must understand how changes in weather, air pollution, and allergens can exacerbate their symptoms. Instruction on understanding air quality indices and pollen predictions, along with recommendations on adapting everyday activities and medication regimens in response, is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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49. ClimaMeter: Contextualising Extreme Weather in a Changing Climate.
- Author
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Faranda, Davide, Messori, Gabriele, Coppola, Erika, Alberti, Tommaso, Vrac, Mathieu, Pons, Flavio, Yiou, Pascal, Lu, Marion Saint, Hisi, Andreia N. S., Brockmann, Patrick, Dafis, Stavros, and Vautard, Robert
- Subjects
EXTREME weather ,WEATHER & climate change ,WINDSTORMS ,HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,CLIMATE change ,WINTER storms - Abstract
Climate change is a global challenge with multiple far-reaching consequences, including the intensification and increased frequency of many extreme weather events. In response to this pressing issue, we present ClimaMeter, a platform designed to assess and contextualise extreme weather events relative to climate change. The platform offers near real-time insights into the dynamics of extreme events, serving as a resource for researchers, policymakers, and being a science dissemination tool for the general public. ClimaMeter currently analyses heatwaves, cold spells, heavy precipitation and windstorms. This paper elucidates the methodology, data sources, and analytical techniques on which ClimaMeter relies, providing a comprehensive overview of its scientific foundation. To illustrate Climameter, we provide four examples, the December 2022 North American Winter Storm, the August 2023 Guangdong – Hong Kong Flood, the late 2023 French Heatwave and the July 2023 windstorm Poly. They underscore the role of ClimaMeter in fostering a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between climate change and extreme weather, with the hope of ultimately contributing to informed decision-making and climate resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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50. Assessing the Risk of Extreme Storm Surges from Tropical Cyclones under Climate Change Using Bidirectional Attention-Based LSTM for Improved Prediction.
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Ian, Vai-Kei, Tang, Su-Kit, and Pau, Giovanni
- Subjects
STORM surges ,TROPICAL cyclones ,EXTREME weather ,CLIMATE change ,STANDARD deviations ,EMERGENCY management - Abstract
Accurate prediction of storm surges is crucial for mitigating the impact of extreme weather events. This paper introduces the Bidirectional Attention-based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Storm Surge Architecture, BALSSA, addressing limitations in traditional physical models. By leveraging machine learning techniques and extensive historical and real-time data, BALSSA significantly enhances prediction accuracy. Utilizing a bidirectional attention-based LSTM framework, it captures complex, non-linear relationships and long-term dependencies, improving the accuracy of storm surge predictions. The enhanced model, D-BALSSA, further amplifies predictive capability through a doubled bidirectional attention-based structure. Training and evaluation involve a comprehensive dataset from over 70 typhoon incidents in Macao between 2017 and 2022. The results showcase the outstanding performance of BALSSA, delivering highly accurate storm surge forecasts with a lead time of up to 72 h. Notably, the model exhibits a low Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0287 m and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.0357 m, crucial indicators measuring the accuracy of storm surge predictions in water level anomalies. These metrics comprehensively evaluate the model's accuracy within the specified timeframe, enabling timely evacuation and early warnings for effective disaster mitigation. An adaptive system, integrating real-time alerts, tropical cyclone (TC) chaser, and prospective visualizations of meteorological and tidal measurements, enhances BALSSA's capabilities for improved storm surge prediction. Positioned as a comprehensive tool for risk management, BALSSA supports decision makers, civil protection agencies, and governments involved in disaster preparedness and response. By leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and extensive data, BALSSA enables precise and timely predictions, empowering coastal communities to proactively prepare and respond to extreme weather events. This enhanced accuracy strengthens the resilience of coastal communities and protects lives and infrastructure from the escalating threats of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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