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8 results on '"Azorin-Molina, C."'

1. Long‐term observed changes of air temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit in Bolivia, 1950–2019.

Author

Fernández‐Duque, B., Vicente‐Serrano, S. M., Maillard, O., Domínguez‐Castro, F., Peña‐Angulo, D., Noguera, I., Azorin‐Molina, C., and El Kenawy, A.

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC temperature, GLOBAL warming, HUMIDITY, VAPORS, SEASONS, UPLANDS
Abstract

This study analyzes the long‐term observed changes of mean (Tmean), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) air temperatures, relative humidity (RH) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at different elevation ranges across Bolivia from 1950 to 2019. The linear trends in air temperature series present a significant increase, with no substantial seasonal or spatial differences. On an annual basis, RH exhibited a non‐significant decrease (−0.08% decade−1), while VPD showed a significant increase (0.01 hPa decade−1) (p < 0.05). Although prior research has suggested that highland elevations experience faster warming than the global average, we have not identified a distinct correlation between elevation gradients and differential warming rates in Bolivia. Future research could investigate elevation‐dependent climate trends by examining seasonal and monthly patterns of climatic variables in relation to topographical gradients in various highland regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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2. Recent temperature variability and change in the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru.

Author

López‐Moreno, J. I., Morán‐Tejeda, E., Vicente‐Serrano, S. M., Bazo, J., Azorin‐Molina, C., Revuelto, J., Sánchez‐Lorenzo, A., Navarro‐Serrano, F., Aguilar, E., and Chura, O.

Subjects
CLIMATE change, CLIMATOLOGY, ATMOSPHERIC pressure measurement, SEASONS, METEOROLOGICAL research, MATHEMATICAL models
Abstract

ABSTRACT This work analysed the changes in air temperature in 25 meteorological stations in the Altiplano and the surrounding Andean slopes of Bolivia and Peru, and their relationship with El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( SO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation ( PDO). The analysis focused on annual, warm season ( DJF) and cold season ( JJA) maximum and minimum temperatures. All analyses were undertaken during 1965-2012, but some analyses were also from 1945 and 1955 when data were available. Principal component analysis was applied to the annual and seasonal series to identify spatial differences of changes in maximum and minimum air temperature. There was an overall increase of temperatures since the mid-20th century. The most intense and spatially coherent warming was observed for annual and warm season maximum temperature, with warming rates from 0.15 to 0.25 °C decade−1. Changes in the cold season maximum temperature were more heterogeneous, and statistically significant trends were mostly in the Bolivian Altiplano. Minimum temperatures increased, but there was higher spatial variability and lower rates of warming. Maximum temperature was negatively correlated with the Southern Oscillation index ( SO) in the warm season, and positively correlated with the SO in the cold season; there were less statistically significant correlations with the PDO, that exhibited inverse sign than those for SO. The strongest correlations were in the region near Lake Titicaca. The negative correlation of minimum temperatures with SO and the positive correlation of minimum temperatures with PDO were lower than the observed for maximum temperature. The changes in temperature and correlations with SO and PDO were highly dependent on the selected period, with stronger trends in the last 30-40 years. This suggests reinforcement of warming rates that cannot be only explained by SO and PDO variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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3. New insights into the history of the Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder.

Author

Sanchez ‐ Lorenzo, A., Calbó, J., Wild, M., Azorin ‐ Molina, C., and Sanchez ‐ Romero, A.

Subjects
MEASUREMENT of solar radiation, METEOROLOGICAL equipment, CLIMATE change
Abstract

The article discusses the development and relevance of the Campbell-Stokes surface solar radiation recorder. It notes that the sunshine data recorder invented by John Francis Campbell and modified by George Gabriel Stokes has become the standard instrument in meteorological stations across Great Britain. The sunshine recorder has proven its usefulness in understanding the variability and climatic change with periodic increase or decrease data in solar radiation.

Published
2013
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4. SURFACE WINDS.

Author

Dunn, R. J. H., Azorin-Molina, C., Mears, C. A., Berrisford, P., and McVicar, T. R.

Subjects
*WIND speed measurement, *CLIMATE change, *LAND surface temperature, *CLIMATOLOGY observations, *WEATHER
Abstract

The article offers information on high surface wind speeds revealed by observational datasets in 2015. Topics mentioned include the global average anomaly from the climatology between 1981-2010, the negative long-term trends of wind speed observed in land surface between 1979-2015, and the use of the global HadlSD and Australian datasets and the ERA-Interim reanalysis to examine the spatial and temporal variability of winds.

Published
2016

5. State of the climate in 2017

Author

Abernethy, R., Ackerman, S. A., Adler, R., Albanil Encarnación, A., Aldeco, L. S., Alfaro, E. J., Aliaga-Nestares, V., Allan, R. P., Allan, R., Alves, L. M., Amador, J. A., Anderson, J., Andreassen, L. M., Argüez, A., Armitage, C., Arndt, D. S., Avalos, G., Azorin-Molina, C., Báez, J., Bardin, M. Yu, Barichivich, J., Baringer, M. O., Barreira, S., Baxter, S., Beck, H. E., Becker, A., Bedka, K. M., Behe, C., Bell, G. D., Bellouin, N., Belmont, M., Benedetti, A., Bernhard, G. H., Berrisford, P., Berry, D. I., Bhatt, U. S., Bissolli, P., Bjerke, J., Blake, E. S., Blenkinsop, S., Blunden, J., Bolmgren, K., Bosilovich, M. G., Boucher, O., Bouchon, M., Box, J. E., Boyer, T., Braathen, G. O., Bromwich, D. H., Brown, R., Buehler, S., Bulygina, O. N., Burgess, D., Calderón, B., Camargo, S. J., Campbell, E. C., Campbell, J. D., Cappelen, J., Carrea, L., Carter, B. R., Castro, A., Chambers, D. P., lijing cheng, Christiansen, H. H., Christy, J. R., Chung, E. -S, Clem, K. R., Coelho, C. A. S., Coldewey-Egbers, M., Colwell, S., Cooper, O. R., Copland, L., Costanza, C., Covey, C., Coy, L., Cronin, T., Crouch, J., Cruzado, L., Daniel, R., Davis, S. M., Davletshin, S. G., Eyto, E., Jeu, R. A. M., La Cour, J. L., Laat, J., Gasperi, C. L., Degenstein, D., Deline, P., Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Dewitte, B., Dhurmea, R., Di Girolamo, L., Diamond, H. J., Dickerson, C., Dlugokencky, E. J., Dohan, K., Dokulil, M. T., Dolman, A. J., Domingues, C. M., Domingues, R., Donat, M. G., Dong, S., Dorigo, W. A., Drozdov, D. S., Dunn, R. J. H., Durre, I., Dutton, G. S., Eakin, C. M., El Kharrim, M., Elkins, J. W., Epstein, H. E., Espinoza, J. C., Famiglietti, J. S., Farmer, J., Farrell, S., Fauchald, P., Fausto, R. S., Feely, R. A., Feng, Z., Fenimore, C., Fettweis, X., Fioletov, V. E., Flemming, J., Fogt, R. L., Folland, C., Forbes, B. C., Foster, M. J., Francis, S. D., Franz, B. A., Frey, R. A., Frith, S. M., Froidevaux, L., Ganter, C., Geiger, E. F., Gerland, S., Gilson, J., Gobron, N., Goldenberg, S. B., Gomez, A. M., Goni, G., Grooß, J. U., Gruber, A., Guard, C. P., Gugliemin, M., Gupta, S. K., Gutiérrez, D., Haas, C., Hagos, S., Hahn, S., Haimberger, L., Hall, B. D., Halpert, M. S., Hamlington, B. D., Hanna, E., Hansen, K., Hanssen-Bauer, L., Harris, I., Hartfield, G., Heidinger, A. K., Heim, R. R., Helfrich, S., Hemming, D. L., Hendricks, S., Hernández, R., Hernández, S. M., Heron, S. F., Heuzé, C., Hidalgo, H. G., Ho, S. -P, Hobbs, W. R., Horstkotte, T., Huang, B., Hubert, D., Hueuzé, C., Hurst, D. F., Ialongo, I., Ibrahim, M. M., Ijampy, J. A., Inness, A., Isaac, V., Isaksen, K., Ishii, M., Jacobs, S. J., Jeffries, M. O., Jevrejeva, S., Jiménez, C., Jin, X., John, V., Johns, W. E., Johnsen, B., Johnson, B., Johnson, G. C., Johnson, K. S., Jones, P. D., Jumaux, G., Kabidi, K., Kaiser, J. W., Karaköylü, E. M., Kato, S., Kazemi, A., Keller, L. M., Kennedy, J., Kerr, K., Khan, M. S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, M., Killick, R., Kim, H., Kim, S. -J, Klotzbach, P. J., Knaff, J. A., Kohler, J., Korhonen, J., Korshunova, N. N., Kramarova, N., Kratz, D. P., Kruger, A., Kruk, M. C., Krumpen, T., Ladd, C., Lakatos, M., Lakkala, K., Lander, M. A., Landschützer, P., Landsea, C. W., Lankhorst, M., Lavado-Casimiro, W., Lazzara, M. A., Lee, S. -E, Lee, T. C., Leuliette, E., L Heureux, M., Li, T., Lieser, J. L., Lin, I. -I, Mears, C. A., Liu, G., Li, B., Liu, H., Locarnini, R., Loeb, N. G., Long, C. S., López, L. A., Lorrey, A. M., Loyola, D., Lumpkin, R., Luo, J. -J, Luojus, K., Luthcke, S., Macias-Fauria, M., Malkova, G. V., Manney, G. L., Marcellin, V., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, J. A., Marín, D., Marra, J. J., Marszelewski, W., Martens, B., Martin, A., Martínez, A. G., Martínez-Güingla, R., Martínez-Sánchez, O., Marsh, B. L., Lyman, J. M., Massom, R. A., May, L., Mayer, M., Mazloff, M., Mcbride, C., Mccabe, M. F., Mccarthy, M., Meier, W., Meijers, A. J. S., Mekonnen, A., Mengistu Tsidu, G., Menzel, W. P., Merchant, C. J., Meredith, M. P., Merrifield, M. A., Miller, B., Miralles, D. G., Mitchum, G. T., Mitro, S., Moat, B., Mochizuki, Y., Monselesan, D., Montzka, S. A., Mora, N., Morice, C., Mosquera-Vásquez, K., Mostafa, A. E., Mote, T., Mudryk, L., Mühle, J., Mullan, A. B., Müller, R., Myneni, R., Nash, E. R., Nerem, R. S., Newman, L., Newman, P. A., Nielsen-Gammon, J. W., Nieto, J. J., Noetzli, J., Noll, B. E., O Neel, S., Osborn, T. J., Osborne, E., Overland, J., Oyunjargal, L., Park, T., Pasch, R. J., Pascual-Ramírez, R., Pastor Saavedra, M. A., Paterson, A. M., Paulik, C., Pearce, P. R., Peltier, A., Pelto, M. S., Peng, L., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., Perovich, D., Petropavlovskikh, I., Pezza, A. B., Phillips, C., Phillips, D., Phoenix, G., Pinty, B., Pinzon, J., Po-Chedley, S., Polashenski, C., Purkey, S. G., Quispe, N., Rajeevan, M., Rakotoarimalala, C., Rayner, D., Raynolds, M. K., Reagan, J., Reid, P., Reimer, C., Rémy, S., Revadekar, J. V., Richardson, A. D., Richter-Menge, J., Ricker, R., Rimmer, A., Robinson, D. A., Rodell, M., Rodriguez Camino, E., Romanovsky, V. E., Ronchail, J., Rosenlof, K. H., Rösner, B., Roth, C., Roth, D. M., Rusak, J. A., Rutishäuser, T., Sallée, J. -B, Sánchez-Lugo, A., Santee, M. L., Sasgen, L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayad, T. A., Sayouri, A., Scambos, T. A., Scanlon, T., Schenzinger, V., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, C., Schmid, M., Schreck, C. J., Selkirk, H. B., Send, U., Sensoy, S., Sharp, M., Shi, L., Shiklomanov, N. I., Shimaraeva, S. V., Siegel, D. A., Silow, E., Sima, F., Simmons, A. J., Skirving, W. J., Smeed, D. A., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Smith, A., Smith, S. L., Soden, B., Sofieva, V., Sparks, T. H., Spence, J. M., Spillane, S., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, P. W., Stammerjohn, S., Stanitski, D. M., Steinbrecht, W., Stella, J. L., Stengel, M., Stephenson, K., Stephenson, T. S., Strahan, S., Streletskiy, D. A., Strong, A. E., Sun-Mack, S., Sutton, A. J., Swart, S., Sweet, W., Takahashi, K. S., Tamar, G., Taylor, M. A., Tedesco, M., Thackeray, S. J., Thoman, R. L., Thompson, P., Thomson, L., Thorsteinsson, T., Timbal, B., Timmermans, M. -L, Timofeyev, M. A., Tirak, K. V., Tobin, S., Togawa, H., Tømmervik, H., Tourpali, K., Trachte, K., Trewin, B. C., Triñanes, J. A., Trotman, A. R., Tschudi, M., Tucker, C. J., Tye, M. R., As, D., Wal, R. S. W., Ronald, J. A., Schalie, R., Schrier, G., Werf, G. R., Meerbeeck, C. J., Velden, C. S., Velicogna, I., Verburg, P., Vickers, H., Vincent, L. A., Vömel, H., Vose, R. S., Wagner, W., Walker, D. A., Walsh, J., Wang, B., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M., Wang, R., Wang, S. -H, Wanninkhof, R., Watanabe, S., Weber, M., Webster, M., Weller, R. A., Westberry, T. K., Weyhenmeyer, G. A., Whitewood, R., Widlansky, M. J., Wiese, D. N., Wijffels, S. E., Wilber, A. C., Wild, J. D., Willett, K. M., Willis, J. K., Wolken, G., Wong, T., Wood, E. F., Wood, K., Woolway, R. I., Wouters, B., Xue, Y., Yin, X., Yoon, H., York, A., Yu, L., Zambrano, E., Zhang, H. -M, Zhang, P., Zhao, G., Zhao, L., Zhu, Z., Ziel, R., Ziemke, J. R., Ziese, M. G., Griffin, J., Hammer, G., Love-Brotak, S. E., Misch, D. J., Riddle, D. B., Slagle, M., Sprain, M., Veasey, S. W., and Mcvicar, T. R.

Subjects
Meteor (satellite), Atmospheric Science, Climate Research, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities, Klimatforskning, El Niño Southern Oscillation, 13. Climate action, Climatology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Environmental science, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset, since records began in the mid-to-late 1800s. Notably, it was the warmest non-El Niño year in the instrumental record. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower tropospheric temperature was also either second or third highest according to all datasets analyzed. The lower stratospheric temperature was about 0.2°C higher than the record cold temperature of 2016 according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Argentina, Uruguay, Spain, and Bulgaria, reported record high annual temperatures. Mexico broke its annual record for the fourth consecutive year. On 27 January, the temperature reached 43.4°C at Puerto Madryn, Argentina-the highest temperature recorded so far south (43°S) anywhere in the world. On 28 May in Turbat, western Pakistan, the high of 53.5°C tied Pakistan's all-time highest temperature and became the world-record highest temperature for May. In the Arctic, the 2017 land surface temperature was 1.6°C above the 1981-2010 average, the second highest since the record began in 1900, behind only 2016. The five highest annual Arctic temperatures have all occurred since 2007. Exceptionally high temperatures were observed in the permafrost across the Arctic, with record values reported in much of Alaska and northwestern Canada. In August, high sea surface temperature (SST) records were broken for the Chukchi Sea, with some regions as warm as +11°C, or 3° to 4°C warmer than the longterm mean (1982-present). According to paleoclimate studies, today's abnormally warm Arctic air and SSTs have not been observed in the last 2000 years. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 7 March, sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, covering 8% less area than the 1981-2010 average. The Arctic sea ice minimum on 13 September was the eighth lowest on record and covered 25% less area than the long-term mean. Preliminary data indicate that glaciers across the world lost mass for the 38th consecutive year on record; the declines are remarkably consistent from region to region. Cumulatively since 1980, this loss is equivalent to slicing 22 meters off the top of the average glacier. Antarctic sea ice extent remained below average for all of 2017, with record lows during the first four months. Over the continent, the austral summer seasonal melt extent and melt index were the second highest since 2005, mostly due to strong positive anomalies of air temperature over most of the West Antarctic coast. In contrast, the East Antarctic Plateau saw record low mean temperatures in March. The year was also distinguished by the second smallest Antarctic ozone hole observed since 1988. Across the global oceans, the overall long-term SST warming trend remained strong. Although SST cooled slightly from 2016 to 2017, the last three years produced the three highest annual values observed; these high anomalies have been associated with widespread coral bleaching. The most recent global coral bleaching lasted three full years, June 2014 to May 2017, and was the longest, most widespread, and almost certainly most destructive such event on record. Global integrals of 0-700-m and 0-2000-m ocean heat content reached record highs in 2017, and global mean sea level during the year became the highest annual average in the 25-year satellite altimetry record, rising to 77 mm above the 1993 average. In the tropics, 2017 saw 85 named tropical storms, slightly above the 1981-2010 average of 82. The North Atlantic basin was the only basin that featured an above-normal season, its seventh most active in the 164-year record. Three hurricanes in the basin were especially notable. Harvey produced record rainfall totals in areas of Texas and Louisiana, including a storm total of 1538.7 mm near Beaumont, Texas, which far exceeds the previous known U.S. tropical cyclone record of 1320.8 mm. Irma was the strongest tropical cyclone globally in 2017 and the strongest Atlantic hurricane outside of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean on record with maximum winds of 295 km h-1. Maria caused catastrophic destruction across the Caribbean Islands, including devastating wind damage and flooding across Puerto Rico. Elsewhere, the western North Pacific, South Indian, and Australian basins were all particularly quiet. Precipitation over global land areas in 2017 was clearly above the long-term average. Among noteworthy regional precipitation records in 2017, Russia reported its second wettest year on record (after 2013) and Norway experienced its sixth wettest year since records began in 1900. Across India, heavy rain and flood-related incidents during the monsoon season claimed around 800 lives. In August and September, above-normal precipitation triggered the most devastating floods in more than a decade in the Venezuelan states of Bolívar and Delta Amacuro. In Nigeria, heavy rain during August and September caused the Niger and Benue Rivers to overflow, bringing floods that displaced more than 100 000 people. Global fire activity was the lowest since at least 2003; however, high activity occurred in parts of North America, South America, and Europe, with an unusually long season in Spain and Portugal, which had their second and third driest years on record, respectively. Devastating fires impacted British Columbia, destroying 1.2 million hectares of timber, bush, and grassland, due in part to the region's driest summer on record. In the United States, an extreme western wildfire season burned over 4 million hectares; the total costs of $18 billion tripled the previous U.S. annual wildfire cost record set in 1991.

6. Impact of climate and land use change on water availability and reservoir management: Scenarios in the Upper Aragón River, Spanish Pyrenees.

Author

López-Moreno, J. I., Zabalza, J., Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Revuelto, J., Gilaberte, M., Azorin-Molina, C., Morán-Tejeda, E., García-Ruiz, J. M., and Tague, C.

Subjects
*CLIMATE change, *LAND use, *WATER supply, *STREAMFLOW, *RESERVOIRS, *IRRIGATION
Abstract

Streamflows in a Mediterranean mountain basin in the central Spanish Pyrenees were projected under various climate and land use change scenarios. Streamflow series projected for 2021-2050 were used to simulate the management of the Yesa reservoir, which is critical to the downstream supply of irrigation and domestic water. Streamflows were simulated using the Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System (RHESSys). The results show that increased forest cover in the basin could decrease annual streamflow by 16%, mainly in early spring, summer and autumn. Regional climate models (RCMs) project a trend of warming and drying in the basin for the period 2021-2050, which will cause a 13.8% decrease in annual streamflow, mainly in late spring and summer. The combined effects of forest regeneration and climate change are expected to reduce annual streamflows by 29.6%, with marked decreases affecting all months with the exception of January and February, when the decline will be moderate. Under these streamflow reduction scenarios it is expected that it will be difficult for the Yesa reservoir to meet the current water demand, based on its current storage capacity (476 hm³). If the current project to enlarge the reservoir to a capacity of 1059 hm³ is completed, the potential to apply multi-annual streamflow management, which will increase the feasibility of maintaining the current water supply. However, under future climate and land cover scenarios, reservoir storage will rarely exceed half of the expected capacity, and the river flows downstream of the reservoir is projected to be dramatically reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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7. Recent glacier retreat and climate trends in Cordillera Huaytapallana, Peru.

Author

López-Moreno, J.I., Fontaneda, S., Bazo, J., Revuelto, J., Azorin-Molina, C., Valero-Garcés, B., Morán-Tejeda, E., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Zubieta, R., and Alejo-Cochachín, J.

Subjects
*GLACIATION, *SNOW, *FLOODS, *MOUNTAINS, *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation
Abstract

We analyzed 19 annual Landsat Thematic Mapper images from 1984 to 2011 to determine changes of the glaciated surface and snow line elevation in six mountain areas of the Cordillera Huaytapallana range in Peru. In contrast to other Peruvian mountains, glacier retreat in these mountains has been poorly documented, even though this is a heavily glaciated area. These glaciers are the main source of water for the surrounding lowlands, and melting of these glaciers has triggered several outburst floods. During the 28-year study period, there was a 55% decrease in the surface covered by glaciers and the snowline moved upward in different regions by 93 to 157m. Moreover, several new lakes formed in the recently deglaciated areas. There was an increase in precipitation during the wet season (October–April) over the 28-year study period. The significant increase in maximum temperatures may be related to the significant glacier retreat in the study area. There were significant differences in the wet season temperatures during El Niño (warmer) and La Niña (colder) years. Although La Niña years were generally more humid than El Niño years, these differences were not statistically significant. Thus, glaciers tended to retreat at a high rate during El Niño years, but tended to be stable or increase during La Niña years, although there were some notable deviations from this general pattern. Climate simulations for 2021 to 2050, based on the most optimistic assumptions of greenhouse gas concentrations, forecast a continuation of climate warming at the same rate as documented here. Such changes in temperature might lead to a critical situation for the glaciers of the Cordillera Huaytapallana, and may significantly impact the water resources, ecology, and natural hazards of the surrounding areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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8. Hydrological response to climate variability at different time scales: A study in the Ebro basin

Author

López-Moreno, J.I., Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Zabalza, J., Beguería, S., Lorenzo-Lacruz, J., Azorin-Molina, C., and Morán-Tejeda, E.

Subjects
*HYDROLOGY, *CLIMATE change, *TIME study, *METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, *EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, *STREAMFLOW, *WATERSHEDS
Abstract

Summary: In this study we analyzed the response of monthly runoff to precedent climatic conditions at temporal scales of 1–48months in 88 catchments of the Ebro basin (northeast Spain). The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was used to summarize the climatic conditions at different time scales, and was correlated with the standardized streamflow index (SSI) calculated at the mouth of each catchment. The Ebro basin encompasses a gradient from Atlantic to Mediterranean climates, and has remarkable complexity in topography, geology and land cover. The basin is highly regulated by dams, which were built to produce hydropower and supply water for agriculture. These characteristics explain why sub-basins of the Ebro River basin respond in differing ways to precedent climatic conditions. Three main sub-basin groups were distinguished on the basis of the correlation of their streamflow responses to different time scales of the SPEI: (1) sub-basins correlated with short SPEI time scales (2–4months), which generally corresponded to unregulated headwater areas; (2) sub-basins correlated with long SPEI time scales (10–20months), where groundwater reserves play a major hydrological role; and (3) sub-basins correlated with medium SPEI time scales (6–10months). The latter occur in the lower sectors of the Ebro basin and its tributaries, which receive river flows from the other two sub-basins, and where dam regulation has a significant influence on the hydrological characteristics. In addition to the three main sub-basin groups, other streamflow responses associated with seasonal factors were identified, particularly those related to snowpack and the various management strategies applied to reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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